DE69417464T2 - Chirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument - Google Patents
Chirurgisches laparoskopisches InstrumentInfo
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- DE69417464T2 DE69417464T2 DE69417464T DE69417464T DE69417464T2 DE 69417464 T2 DE69417464 T2 DE 69417464T2 DE 69417464 T DE69417464 T DE 69417464T DE 69417464 T DE69417464 T DE 69417464T DE 69417464 T2 DE69417464 T2 DE 69417464T2
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
- A61B18/1445—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
- A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
- A61B2017/2936—Pins in guiding slots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
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- A61B2018/00083—Electrical conductivity low, i.e. electrically insulating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00345—Vascular system
- A61B2018/00404—Blood vessels other than those in or around the heart
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00601—Cutting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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Description
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein chirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument mit einem Paar Backen, die relativ zueinander schwenkbar sind. Die Erfindung ist insbesondere, aber nicht ausschließlich, auf ein elektrochirurgisches Instrument mit voneinander isolierten Backen anwendbar.
- Ein laparoskopisches Einmalgebrauchsinstrument wird in der EP-A-0507622 offenbart. Am Ende einer Röhre zur Einführung in die Körperhöhle ist ein Paar Backen angebracht, die relativ zueinander um eine gemeinsame Schwenkachse mit einer Scherwirkung schwenken können.
- Die Backen werden durch eine Druckstange in der Röhre betätigt, wobei das Ende der Druckstange hinter dem Röhrenende durch ein Paar Verbindungsglieder mit proximal gerichteten Verlängerungen der Backen verbunden ist, so daß eine Hin- und Herbewegung der Druckstange ein Schwenken der Backen bewirkt.
- Da es sich um ein laparoskopisches Instrument handelt, ist diese bekannte Vorrichtung zur Einführung durch eine in der Wand der Körperhöhle plazierte sogenannte "Schlüsselloch"-Öffnung unter Verwendung eines Trokars ausgeführt. Um die Beschädigung des Gewebes minimal zu halten, werden derartige Öffnungen so klein wie möglich ausgeführt, wobei typische Öffnungsgrößen in einem Bereich von 5 mm bis 12,5 mm liegen, und infolgedessen weist das Instrument Nachteile auf, die sich aus der kompakten Konstruktion ergeben, die erforderlich ist, damit die Backen und ihr Betätigungsmechanismus durch einen engen Trokar hindurchgeführt werden können, und zwar insbesondere eine Begrenzung der Kraft, die durch die Backen ausgeübt werden kann, und eine Verformung des Mechanismus während des Gebrauchs.
- Die Probleme, denen sich der Konstrukteur eines laparoskopischen Instruments gegenübersieht, vergrößern sich, wenn elektrochirurgische Energie angelegt werden soll. Bei offenen Operationen wird bipolare Elektrochirurgie meistens mit Zangen-Applikatoren verwendet. Da sich das zu behandelnde Gewebe sehr nahe der Hand des Operateurs befindet, ist die Zange in Form von langen Armen, die hinten isoliert und gelenkig verbunden sind, ausgeführt. Jeder Arm der Zange ist mit der Hin- und Rückleitung eines elektrochirurgischen Hochfrequenz-(HF-)Generators verbunden. Auf diese Weise kann sämtliches Gewebe im Griff der Zange ausgetrocknet werden. Die zweckmäßigste Verwendung bipolarer Zangen liegt im Stillen des Blutstroms von verletzten Gefäßen. Sie sind für diese Anwendung besonders geeignet, weil das Blutgefäß durch Ausüben von Schließdruck auf die Zange vor Ansteuerung des HF-Ausgangs geschlossen werden kann. Während der Aktivierung werden die Innenwände des Gefäßes klebrig und kleben zusammen, während das Blut im Gefäß ein Koagulat bildet. Somit kann Blutverlust aus durchtrennten Blutgefäßen schnell aufgehalten werden.
- Die Zuführung elektrochirurgischer Energie durch ein laparoskopisches Instrument ist besonders vorteilhaft beim Teilen oder Trennen von Gewebe. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen schwierigen Eingriff, wenn er aus einer Entfernung durchgeführt wird, und verdeckte Blutgefäße werden leicht rupturiert; dies bedeutet, daß es von Vorteil ist, wenn ein und dasselbe Instrument zur Kauterisation, das heißt unter Verwendung von HF-Energie, oder zur Austrocknung vor der Dissektion verwendet wird. Aufgrund des Erfordernisses, bei der Dissektion eine steuerbare Öffnungskraft anlegen zu können, werden Scheren oder Greifer bevorzugt, die aufgrund ihrer Beschaffenheit meistens für monopolare Verwendung von HF-Energie verwendet werden. Laparoskopische Instrumente zur bipolaren Elektrochirurgie waren bisher auf Modifizierung herkömmlicher Ausführungen angewiesen. Bei einem bekannten Instrument werden zwei Zangenarme verwendet, die an einer nahe den Arbeitsenden liegenden Stelle elastisch auseinandergespannt sind. Das Schließen der Zange wird dadurch erreicht, daß eine Außenröhre über die gefederten Arme geführt wird, um sie zusammenzudrängen. Der Hauptnachteil dieser Ausführung liegt darin, daß keine andere steuerbare Öffnungskraft als die durch die Feder bereitgestellte schwache Kraft vorhanden ist. Deshalb kann die Vorrichtung nicht als Dissektor verwendet werden, wodurch bis heute die Ausnutzung bipolarer Techniken begrenzt ist.
- Aus der EP-A-0518230 ist ein bipolares elektrochirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument bekannt, bei dem zwei Backen, die teilweise mit einer Isolierbeschichtung bedeckt sind, auf einem gemeinsamen quer gerichteten Drehzapfen in einem Gehäuse am Ende einer Röhre zur Einführung in die Körperhöhle angebracht sind. Die Backen erstrecken sich distal vom Gehäuse und werden durch ein Steuerglied betätigt, das sich im Instrumentenschaft hin und her bewegen läßt. Die Hin- und Herbewegung des Steuerglieds wird durch einen nichtleitenden, in Querrichtung angebrachten Betätigungsstift an einem distalen Ende des Steuerglieds, der in mit einem Schlitz versehene Arme an den Backen eingreift, in eine Schwenkbewegung der Backen umgewandelt.
- In Fig. 9A der US-A-5201743 wird ein nichtelektrochirurgisches Instrument offenbart, bei dem ein Paar in einem Gehäuse am Ende einer Röhre schwenkbar angebrachter Backen dank ihrer proximal vorragenden Führungsbahntastmittel, die in geneigten Führungsbahnen laufen, welche als Nuten in einer Kurvenscheibe am distalen Ende eines in der Röhre hin- und herbewegbaren Steuerglieds ausgebildet sind, eine Scherwirkung ausführt.
- Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung umfaßt ein elektrochirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument eine Röhre zur Einführung in den Körper durch eine Öffnung in der Körperhöhlenwand; ein Gehäuse am Röhrenende ein Paar von sich distal von dem Gehäuse erstreckenden Backen, die jeweils einen elektrisch leitenden Teil aufweisen, der mit einem jeweiligen Stromversorgungsleiter verbunden ist, von denen sich mindestens einer in der Röhre befindet, wobei mindestens eine der Backen schwenkbar so am Gehäuse angebracht ist, daß sie Schwenköffnungs- und -schließbewegungen bezüglich der anderen Backe um eine in Querrichtung verlaufende Schwenkachse ausführen kann; ein längliches Steuerglied, das sich innerhalb der Röhre erstreckt und sich in Längsrichtung bezüglich der Röhre und des Gehäuses hin und her bewegen kann; und ein Betätigungsglied, das aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material hergestellt ist und einen Kopfteil mit einer Führungsbahn aufweist, wobei das Betätigungsglied so an einem distalen Ende des Steuerglieds angeordnet ist, daß es sich damit hin und her bewegen kann und derart, daß sich der Kopfteil distal der oder jeder Schwenkachse und zwischen den Backen befindet; wobei die mindestens eine schwenkbar angebrachte Backe ein von der Schwenkachse beabstandetes Führungsbahntastmittel aufweist, das die Führungsbahn des Betätigungsglieds in Eingriff nimmt, wobei die Führungsbahn so ausgerichtet ist, daß eine Hin- und Herbewegung des Betätigungsglieds in Längsrichtung in eine Schwenkbewegung der mindestens einen Backe um die Schwenkachse herum umgewandelt wird. Bei dem Instrument kann es sich um eine Zange handeln, wobei die Backen zum Ergreifen von Gewebe ausgeführt sind, oder es kann sich um eine Schneideinrichtung handeln, wobei die Backen als Messer oder als eine Kombination aus einem Messer und einem Amboß ausgeführt sind. Vorzugsweise sind beide Backen schwenkbar an dem Gehäuse angebracht und weist das Betätigungsglied ein Paar Führungsbahnen auf, wobei jede Backe ein jeweiliges Führungsbahntastmittel aufweist, das in einer jeweiligen der Führungsbahnen eingreift, wobei die Führungsbahnen so ausgerichtet sind, daß eine Hin- und Herbewegung des Betätigungsglieds in Längsrichtung in entgegengesetzte Schwenkbewegungen der Backen umgewandelt wird.
- Zur Umwandlung von Hin- und Herbewegung in Schwenkbewegung kann die oder jede Schwenkbacke mittels der Kombination aus einer jeweiligen Führungsbahn, die zur Hin- und Herbewegungsrichtung des Steuerstabs abgewinkelt ist, und einem Führungsbahntastmittel, das entlang der Bahn gleiten kann, mit einem Kopfteil des Betätigungsglieds verbunden sein. Auf diese Weise kann sich die Bahn zu einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Mittellinie des Steuerstabs erstrecken, damit eine maximale Querbewegung des Führungstastmittels erreicht wird. Zweckmäßigerweise handelt es sich bei der Bahn um eine Nut oder einen Schlitz, in dem ein Tastmittel in Form eines Zapfens oder Stifts verschiebbar aufgenommen ist. Der Kopfteil des Betätigungsglieds und die Verbindungselemente (z. B. Zapfen oder Stifte) der Backen befinden sich in dem Raum zwischen den offenen Backen. Dies ergibt einen sehr guten Bewegungsbereich der Backen und infolgedessen geringere Kräfte im Mechanismus insgesamt als nötig wären, wenn sämtliche Bewegung in zum Beispiel einer 5-mm-Röhre begrenzt wäre. Insbesondere durch Vorsehen des Betätigungsgliedteils, das die Führungsbahn oder -bahnen so trägt, daß sie in einem Bereich zwischen einerseits den Backenbefestigungsdrehzapfen und andererseits den Backenenden beweglich sind, kann bei einer gegebenen Größe im Vergleich zu beispielsweise Backen mit Scherwirkung, bei denen die Backen von einem proximal der Drehzapfen angeordneten Betätigungsglied angetrieben werden, eine robustere Backenkonstruktion und Backenbefestigung erreicht werden. Die seitliche Erstreckung bzw. der Winkel der Führungsbahn bestimmten den Bewegungsbereich der Backe und den mechanischen Vorteil des Mechanismus. Obgleich die bevorzugten Ausführungsformen eine gerade Führungsbahn aufweisen, kann sie auch gekrümmt sein, um den mechanischen Vorteil für verschiedene Backenpositionen zu ändern, zum Beispiel um eine Erhöhung des Schließdrucks an einem rupturierten Gefäß zu gestatten, ohne daß damit eine Verminderung des Bewegungsbereichs einhergeht. Der Mechanismus gestattet die Verwendung einer Hin- und Herbewegungswirkung zum Anlegen von sowohl Öffnungs- als auch Schließkräften vom Griff. Bei Ausführungsformen, bei denen beide Backen schwenkbar sind, handelt es sich bei dem Betätigungsglied um ein in Längsrichtung hin- und herbewegbares Element, wobei eine Führungsbahn in einer abgewinkelten Ausrichtung zur Bewegungsrichtung und eine andere Führungsbahn in einer anderen oder entgegengesetzt abgewinkelten Ausrichtung geneigt sind, so daß sich bei Bewegung des Betätigungsglieds der Zapfen oder Stift einer Backe in die entgegengesetzte Richtung zu dem Zapfen oder Stift der anderen Backe bewegt. Die Bahnen sind vorzugsweise an einander gegenüberliegenden Flächen oder Seiten des Betätigungsglieds ausgebildet.
- Jede Backe kann aus einem metallischen Material hergestellt und mit der Röhre zugeordneten Versorgungsleitern verbunden sein, wobei das Gehäuse aus einem elektrisch isolierenden Material, wie zum Beispiel Kunststoffen, hergestellt ist. Wenn beide Backen schwenkbar sind, können die Drehzapfen am Gehäuse voneinander beabstandet sein, damit die elektrische Isolierung zwischen den Backen erhalten bleibt. Die Verwendung von Kunststoffen in dem Mechanismus wird durch die relativ geringen Kräfte ermöglicht, die durch die Ausführung des Mechanismus gestattet werden, wodurch die Backen kostengünstig und einfach isoliert werden können.
- Bipolare elektrochirurgische Schneidvorrichtungen können auf ähnliche Weise ausgeführt werden, wobei sie die gleichen Vorteile der elektrischen Isolierung und die Fähigkeit mit sich bringen, die Backen nicht nur zusammen, sondern auch getrennt zwangszuführen.
- Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung wird ein chirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument bereitgestellt, das folgendes umfaßt: eine Röhre zur Einführung in den Körper durch eine Öffnung in der Körperhöhlenwand; ein Gehäuse am Röhrenende; ein Paar sich distal von dem Gehäuse erstreckende Backen, wobei mindestens eine der Backen schwenkbar so am Gehäuse angebracht ist, daß sie Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen bezüglich der anderen Backe ausführen kann; ein Steuerglied, das sich in der Röhre hin und her bewegen kann; und ein Betätigungsglied am Ende des Steuerglieds, das einen Betätigungsgliedkopfteil aufweist, der sich zwischen den Backen und distal der Schwenkbefestigung der mindestens einen schwenkbar angebrachten Backe am Gehäuse befindet, wobei der Kopfteil eine Führungsbahn aufweist, die mit einem Führungsbahntastmittel an der Backe zusammenwirkt, um eine Hin- und Herbewegung des Steuerglieds in eine Schwenkbewegung der Backe umzuwandeln.
- Im folgenden wird die Erfindung beispielhaft unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen beschrieben; es zeigt:
- Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht einer erfindungsgemäßen laparoskopischen Zange, die mit offenen Backen gezeigt wird;
- Fig. 2 eine teilweise in Längsrichtung im Querschnitt ausgeführte Draufsicht entsprechend Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht der Zange mit geschlossenen Backen;
- Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht der Zange;
- Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht einer der Backen der Zange;
- Fig. 6 eine Außenseitenansicht der Backe;
- Fig. 7 einen Querschnitt der Backe entlang der Linie VII-VII in Fig. 6;
- Fig. 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Hälfte eines Backengehäuses;
- Fig. 9 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Betätigungsglieds der Zange;
- Fig. 10 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie IX-IX in Fig. 3;
- Fig. 11 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie X-X in Fig. 3; und
- Fig. 12 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie XI-XI in Fig. 3.
- Bei einer nun zu beschreibenden bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung handelt es sich um eine laparoskopische Zange, die für bipolare Elektrochirurgie verwendet werden kann. Das Instrument weist ein Paar angelenkter Zangenbacken auf, die am Ende eines Schafts in Form einer Röhre, die durch einen in der Körperhöhlenwand angeordneten Trokar geführt wird, angebracht sind, und am äußeren Ende der Röhre befindet sich ein mit einem HF-Generator verbundener Griff. Der Schaft ist in der Regel 280 bis 360 mm lang. Es versteht sich, daß sich diese Be schreibung und die beigefügten Zeichnungen auf den Teil des Instruments beziehen, der innerhalb der Körperhöhle verwendet wird. Des weiteren versteht sich, daß es sich bei den Zangenbacken statt dessen um die Messer einer Schneidvorrichtung handeln kann, oder sie können bei einer alternativen Schneidvorrichtung ein Messer und einen Amboß bilden.
- Auf die Fig. 1 bis 4 der Zeichnungen Bezug nehmend, ist an dem Ende des Instrumentenschafts, der als Röhre 10 aus rostfreiem Stahl ausgebildet ist, ein Paar von Zangenbacken 12A, 12B aus Stahl angebracht. Jede Backe ist an ihrem proximalen Ende unabhängig an einem Backengehäuse angelenkt, das zwei Aufnahmehälften 14A, 14B aus Kunststoff umfaßt, die in dem Endteil der Röhre 10 angebracht sind, und ist durch ein Betätigungsglied 16 aus Kunststoff zwischen einer geöffneten und einer geschlossenen Position schwenkbar, wobei das Betätigungsglied 16 einen sich zwischen den Backen 12A, 12B distal ihrer Drehzapfen befindenden Betätigungsgliedkopfteil 16H und einen Betätigungsgliedschaft 16S, der sich zwischen den Aufnahmehälften 14A, 14B erstreckt und mit einem Steuerstab 18, der einen Durchmesser von ca. 1 mm aufweist und sich zur Verbindung mit dem Griff (nicht gezeigt) entlang der Länge der Röhre 10 erstreckt, verbunden ist, aufweist. In den Fig. 1 und 2 werden die Backen in ihrer geöffneten Position gezeigt. In Fig. 3 werden sie in ihrer geschlossenen Position gezeigt.
- Des weiteren sind in der Röhre 10 zwei Stromversorgungsleiter 20A, 20B angeordnet, die sich über die Länge der Röhre 10 erstrecken, obwohl sie in Fig. 2 nur teilweise dargestellt sind. Sie können sich im Hauptteil der Röhre 10 frei verdrehen, um ein Drehen der Zange bezüglich des Griffs zu gestatten. Jeder Leiter umfaßt ein Band aus rostfreiem Stahl mit Wärmeschrumpfisolierung, wo es sich durch die Röhre 10 erstreckt. In jeder der Aufnahmehälften 14A, 14B sind Nuten 14 G vorgesehen, die zur Aufnahme der Leiter bestimmt sind, welche distal aus der Aufnahme in Aussparungen der Backen 12A, 12B herausgeführt werden, wo sie mit dem Material der Backen verschweißt sind. Einzelheiten der Backen 12A, 12B sind in den Fig. 5, 6 und 7 deutlicher zu sehen.
- Auf die Fig. 5, 6 und 7 Bezug nehmend, ist jede Backe 12A, 12B ein aus einem einzigen Metall bestehendes Spritzgußteil aus rostfreiem Stahl 304, das auf im wesentlichen allen Flächen außer der Greiffläche 12G und dem für die elektrische Verbindung bestimmten Be reich einer nach innen weisenden Aussparung 12R, die in einer äußeren Aussparung der Backe 12A mündet, wie in den Fig. 6 und 7 gezeigt, mit einer Isoliermasse wie zum Beispiel PTFE beschichtet ist. Die Beschichtung verhindert eine versehentliche Kauterisation von sich neben der Eingriffsstelle befindendem Gewebe. Jede Backe umfaßt einen distal konisch zulaufenden Körper, der an seinem proximalen Ende zwei vorragende Drehbolzen 12P aufweist, die jeweils eine gemeinsame, senkrecht zur Längsachse des Instruments verlaufende, außermittige Gelenkachse definieren, die in einer dazugehörigen Bohrung 14PB in einer der Aufnahmehälften 14A, 14B (siehe Fig. 1) aufgenommen wird. Die Aufnahmehälften sind so ausgebildet, daß die Drehbolzen 12P der Backen 12A, 12B aus Steifigkeitsgründen unmittelbar neben dem Ende der Röhre 10 angebracht sind. Zwischen ihren Enden weist jede Backe ein sich nach innen erstreckendes Ohr 12E auf, das von der Längsachse beabstandet ist und einen nach innen gerichteten Betätigungszapfen 12F zur Ineingriffnahme einer Führungsnut in dem Betätigungsglied 16, wie unten beschrieben, aufweist. Bezüglich ihrer Außenform sind die Backen so geformt und dimensioniert, daß sie in die in Fig. 7 gezeigte kreisförmige Umhüllende 24 passen, die dem Außenprofil der Röhre 10 bei geschlossenen Backen entspricht, so daß das gesamte Instrument durch einen Trokar mit einem entsprechenden Innendurchmesser geführt werden kann. Die Greifflächen 12 G sind planar, und die Backen sind so angebracht, daß sich diese Flächen mit Kontakt der einander gegenüberliegenden Flächen treffen.
- Auf Fig. 8 in Verbindung mit Fig. 1 Bezug nehmend, weist die Aufnahme 14A, 14B drei Hauptfunktionen auf, bei denen es sich um das Anlenken der Backen 12A, 12B auf elektrisch isolierende Weise, das Unterbringen des Betätigungsglieds 16 auf verschiebbare Weise und das Unterbringen der elektrischen Leiter 20A, 20B handelt. Die beiden Aufnahmehälften 14A, 14B sind identisch, und eine von ihnen wird in Fig. 8 gezeigt. Jede Hälfte weist einen teilzylindrischen Körper auf, dessen Außendurchmesser dem Innendurchmesser der Röhre 10 entspricht. Sie paßt mit der anderen Aufnahmehälfte durch planaren Flächen-Kontakt entlang einem Durchmesser zusammen, wobei durch dazugehörige Vorsprünge und Aussparungen 14P, 14R für eine Längsverriegelung gesorgt wird. In einem mittleren Innenkanal 14C ist der Schaft 16S des Betätigungsglieds 16 verschiebbar untergebracht und in den schmalen Nuten 14G die Leiter 20A, 20B. Am distalen Ende weist die Aufnahmehälfte einen vergrößerten Durchmesser auf und enthält eine Schulter, die an das Ende der Röhre 10 anstößt und ein Drehzapfengehäuse segmentförmigen Querschnitts bereitstellt, durch das zwei Bohrungen 14PB zur Aufnahme eines Drehbolzens 12P jeder der Backen 12A, 12B verlaufen. Es ist zu erkennen, daß die Achsen der Bohrungen 14PB auf einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Mittellinie des Instruments außermittig sind, wodurch die Backen zur elektrischen Isolierung voneinander beabstandet werden.
- Das Betätigungsglied 16 wird in Fig. 9 deutlicher gezeigt; hier ist zu sehen, daß der Betätigungsgliedkopfteil 16H einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist und in einer seiner Flächen eine Führungsbahn in Form einer Führungsnut 16GG aufweist, die zur Längsachse des Instruments geneigt ist und auf beiden Seiten der Achse verläuft. Eine ähnliche, aber entgegengesetzt geneigte Nut ist in der gegenüberliegend ausgerichteten Fläche des Kopfteils 16H ausgebildet, wie in den Fig. 1 und 2 gestrichelt gezeigt. Jede Nut nimmt einen jeweiligen Führungszapfen 12F einer der Backen 12A, 12B auf. Am anderen Ende des Schafts 16S befindet sich Verbinder 16C zur Aufnahme des Steuerstabs 18 (siehe Fig. 2 und 3), wodurch das Betätigungsglied 16 hin- und herbewegt werden kann, um eine Zwangsführung zum Öffnen und Schließen der Backen 12A, 12B zu bewirken. Die Schiebe- und Ziehkräfte am Steuerstab 18 werden in Querkräfte an den Zapfen 12F der Backen, das heißt, in entsprechende Backenschließ- und -Öffnungskräfte, umgewandelt. Ein in Fig. 9 gezeigtes optionales Merkmal ist das Vorsehen einer Spülnut 16G im Schaft 16s des Betätigungsglieds 16, so daß in die Röhre 10 gepumpte Spülflüssigkeit zur Reinigung der Zange und zum Waschen der Eingriffsstelle eingeführt werden kann.
- Die Fig. 10, 11 und 12 der Zeichnungen sind zum besseren Verständnis der Konfigurationen der Komponenten des Instruments enthalten. Insbesondere aus Fig. 12, die die Zange mit den Backen in der geschlossenen Konfiguration zeigt, geht hervor, daß das Betätigungsglied 16 den Spalt zwischen den beiden Backen 12A, 12B im wesentlichen vollständig füllt, wenn sich letztere in der geschlossenen Konfiguration befinden. Wenn die Backen geschlossen sind, bilden sie sogar einen Hohlraum mit ungefähr rechteckigem Querschnitt, der mit den Außenabmessungen und der Außenform des Betätigungskopfteils 16H zusammenpaßt, so daß die Innenflächen der Backen, die senkrecht zu den durch die Stifte 12P definierten Schwenkachsen verlaufen, auf der oberen und unteren Fläche des Betätigungsgliedkopfteils 16H, die einander gegenüberliegend ausge richtet sind, gleiten, um zu verhindern, daß die sich aus der versetzten Anordnung der Führungszapfen 12F ergebenden Verdrehungsschließkräfte bewirken, daß sich die beiden Backen verdrehen und die distalen Enden der Backen, wenn sie geschlossen sind, dadurch nicht genau zusammenpassen. Die Auswirkungen von Verdrehungskräften werden auch durch die weite Beabstandung der Drehbolzen 12P jeder Backe auf beiden Seiten der Längsachse und die entsprechende Beabstandung der nach innen gerichteten Flächen und Bohrungen 14PB der Aufnahmehälften 14A, 14B eingeschränkt. Eine andere Eigenschaft der ineinanderpassenden Anordnung der Backen und des Betätigungskopfteils 16H ist die Tatsache, daß, wenn das Instrument anfangs in die Körperhöhle eingeführt wird, ein Einschließen des Gewebes viel weniger wahrscheinlich ist.
- Das Instrument kann mit einem Generator mit verstellbarem Ausgangswiderstand und verstellbarer Frequenz verwendet werden, wie zum Beispiel der in der britischen Patentschrift Nr. 2214430 offenbarte, der in der Regel bei Spannungen um 150 Volt betrieben werden kann.
Claims (15)
1. Elektrochirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument, das
folgendes umfaßt:
eine Röhre (10) zur Einführung in den Körper durch eine
Öffnung in der Körperhöhlenwand;
ein Gehäuse (14A, 14B) am Röhrenende;
ein Paar sich distal von dem Gehäuse weg erstreckende
Backen (12A, 12B), die jeweils einen elektrisch leitenden Teil aufweisen, der
mit einem jeweiligen Stromversorgungsleiter verbunden ist, von denen sich
mindestens einer in der Röhre befindet, wobei mindestens eine der
Backen schwenkbar so am Gehäuse angebracht ist, daß sie
Schwenköffnungs- und -schließbewegungen bezüglich der anderen Backe um eine in
Querrichtung verlaufende Schwenkachse ausführen kann;
ein längliches Steuerglied (18), das sich innerhalb der Röhre
(10) erstreckt und sich in Längsrichtung bezüglich der Röhre und des
Gehäuses hin und her bewegen kann; und
ein Betätigungsglied (16), das aus einem elektrisch isolierenden
Material hergestellt ist und einen Kopfteil (16H) mit einer Führungsbahn
(16 GG) aufweist, wobei das Betätigungsglied so an einem distalen Ende
des Steuerglieds (18) angeordnet ist, daß es sich damit hin und her
bewegen kann und derart, daß sich der Kopfteil (16H) distal der oder jeder
Schwenkachse und zwischen den Backen (12A, 12B) befindet;
wobei die mindestens eine schwenkbar angebrachte Backe
(12A, 12B) ein von der Schwenkachse beabstandetes
Führungsbahntastmittel (12F) aufweist, das an der Führungsbahn (16 GG) des
Betätigungsglieds angreift, wobei die Führungsbahn (16 GG) so ausgerichtet ist,
daß eine Hin- und Herbewegung des Betätigungsglieds (16) in
Längsrichtung in eine Schwenkbewegung der mindestens einen Backe (12a, 12B)
um die Schwenkachse herum umgewandelt wird.
2. Instrument nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
beide Backen (12A, 12B) schwenkbar am Gehäuse (14A, 14B) angebracht
sind, wobei der Kopfteil (16H) des Betätigungsglieds ein Paar
Führungsbahnen (16GG) aufweist, und daß jede Backe ein jeweiliges
Führungsbahntastmittel (12F) hat, das an einer der jeweiligen Führungsbahnen
angreift, wobei die Führungsbahnen so ausgerichtet sind, daß eine Hin- und
Herbewegung des Betätigungsglieds (16) in Längsrichtung in
entgegengesetzte Schwenkbewegungen der Backen umgewandelt wird.
3. Instrument nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die
Backen (12A, 12B) am Gehäuse (14A, 14B) um jeweilige voneinander
beabstandete, in Querrichtung verlaufende Schwenkachsen schwenkbar
sind.
4. Instrument nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das
Gehäuse (14A, 14B) aus einem isolierenden Material hergestellt ist.
5. Instrument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei den Backen um Zangenbacken
(12A, 12B) handelt.
6. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei den Backen um die Messer einer
Schneidvorrichtung handelt.
7. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß die Backen ein Schneidmesser und einen Schneidamboß
umfassen.
8. Instrument nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die oder jede Führungsbahn (16GG)
sowohl in Längs- als auch in Querrichtung erstreckt.
9. Instrument nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es
sich bei der oder jeder Führungsbahn (16GG) um einen Schlitz oder eine
Nut handelt.
10. Instrument nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich der Kopfteil (16H) des Betätigungsglieds außerhalb der Grenzen
der Röhre (10) befindet.
11. Chirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument, das folgendes
umfaßt:
eine Röhre (10) zur Einführung in den Körper durch eine
Öffnung in der Körperhöhlenwand;
ein Gehäuse (14a 14B) am Röhrenende;
ein Paar sich distal von dem Gehäuse (14A, 14B) erstreckende
Backen (12A, 12B), wobei mindestens eine der Backen (12A, 12B)
schwenkbar so am Gehäuse angebracht ist, daß sie Öffnungs- und
Schließbewegungen bezüglich der anderen Backe (12A, 12B) ausführen
kann;
ein Steuerglied (18), das sich in der Röhre (10) hin und her
bewegen kann; und
ein Betätigungsglied (16) am Ende des Steuerglieds, das einen
Betätigungsgliedkopfteil (16H) aufweist, der sich zwischen den Backen
(12A, 12B) und distal der Schwenkbefestigung der mindestens einen
schwenkbar angebrachten Backe am Gehäuse befindet, wobei der Kopfteil
(16H) eine Führungsbahn aufweist, die mit einem Führungsbahntastmittel
an der Backe zusammenwirkt, um eine Hin- und Herbewegung des
Steuerglieds (18) in eine Schwenkbewegung der Backe umzuwandeln.
12. Instrument nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
jede Backe (12A, 12B) einen elektrisch leitenden Teil aufweist, der mit
einem jeweiligen Stromversorgungsleiter (20A, 20B) verbunden ist, von
denen sich mindestens einer in der Röhre (10) befindet, und daß mindestens
der Kopfteil (16H) des Betätigungsglieds (16) aus einem elektrisch
isolierenden Material besteht.
13. Instrument nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Gehäuse (14A, 14B) aus einem isolierenden Material hergestellt ist.
14. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß beide Backen (12A, 12B) schwenkbar an dem Gehäuse
(14A, 14B) angebracht sind, der Betätigungsgliedkopfteil ein Paar von
Führungsbahnen (16 GG) aufweist und jede Backe (12A, 12B) ein
jeweiliges Führungsbahntastmittel (12F) aufweist, das an einer der jeweiligen
Führungsbahnen (16 GG) angreift, wobei die Führungsbahnen (16 GG) so
ausgerichtet sind, daß eine Hin- und Herbewegung des Betätigungsglieds
(16) in Längsrichtung in entgegengesetzte Schwenkbewegungen der
Backen (12A, 12B) umgewandelt wird.
15. Instrument nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die
Backen (12A, 12B) am Gehäuse (14A, 14B) um jeweilige voneinander
be
abstandete, in Querrichtung verlaufende Schwenkachsen schwenkbar
sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB939309142A GB9309142D0 (en) | 1993-05-04 | 1993-05-04 | Laparoscopic instrument |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69417464D1 DE69417464D1 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
DE69417464T2 true DE69417464T2 (de) | 1999-09-09 |
Family
ID=10734887
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69432937T Expired - Lifetime DE69432937T2 (de) | 1993-05-04 | 1994-04-28 | Chirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument |
DE69417464T Expired - Lifetime DE69417464T2 (de) | 1993-05-04 | 1994-04-28 | Chirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69432937T Expired - Lifetime DE69432937T2 (de) | 1993-05-04 | 1994-04-28 | Chirurgisches laparoskopisches Instrument |
Country Status (5)
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---|---|
US (1) | US5496317A (de) |
EP (2) | EP0623316B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH06343644A (de) |
DE (2) | DE69432937T2 (de) |
GB (1) | GB9309142D0 (de) |
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-
1993
- 1993-05-04 GB GB939309142A patent/GB9309142D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-04-28 EP EP94303073A patent/EP0623316B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 DE DE69432937T patent/DE69432937T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 DE DE69417464T patent/DE69417464T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-28 EP EP98117132A patent/EP0887046B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-03 JP JP6115917A patent/JPH06343644A/ja active Pending
- 1994-05-03 US US08/237,118 patent/US5496317A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0887046B1 (de) | 2003-07-09 |
US5496317A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
EP0623316B1 (de) | 1999-03-31 |
DE69417464D1 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
EP0887046A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 |
JPH06343644A (ja) | 1994-12-20 |
GB9309142D0 (en) | 1993-06-16 |
DE69432937T2 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
DE69432937D1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
EP0887046A3 (de) | 1999-01-13 |
EP0623316A1 (de) | 1994-11-09 |
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