DE69332518T2 - Unterdrückung von autoimmunkrankheiten durch antigene in wartestellung - Google Patents

Unterdrückung von autoimmunkrankheiten durch antigene in wartestellung

Info

Publication number
DE69332518T2
DE69332518T2 DE69332518T DE69332518T DE69332518T2 DE 69332518 T2 DE69332518 T2 DE 69332518T2 DE 69332518 T DE69332518 T DE 69332518T DE 69332518 T DE69332518 T DE 69332518T DE 69332518 T2 DE69332518 T2 DE 69332518T2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
antigens
suppression
autoimmune diseases
autoantigens
waiting form
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE69332518T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69332518D1 (de
Inventor
Howard L Weiner
Ariel Miller
Zhengri Zhang
Ahmad Al-Sabbagh
David A Hafler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Autoimmune Inc
Original Assignee
Autoimmune Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Autoimmune Inc filed Critical Autoimmune Inc
Publication of DE69332518D1 publication Critical patent/DE69332518D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69332518T2 publication Critical patent/DE69332518T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/1703Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • A61K38/1709Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22Hormones
    • A61K38/26Glucagons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22Hormones
    • A61K38/28Insulins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/39Connective tissue peptides, e.g. collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, cold insoluble globulin [CIG]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/0005Vertebrate antigens
    • A61K39/0008Antigens related to auto-immune diseases; Preparations to induce self-tolerance
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4713Autoimmune diseases, e.g. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, rheumathoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus; Autoantigens

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
DE69332518T 1992-02-28 1993-02-25 Unterdrückung von autoimmunkrankheiten durch antigene in wartestellung Expired - Lifetime DE69332518T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US84375292A 1992-02-28 1992-02-28
PCT/US1993/001705 WO1993016724A1 (en) 1992-02-28 1993-02-25 Bystander suppression of autoimmune diseases

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69332518D1 DE69332518D1 (de) 2003-01-09
DE69332518T2 true DE69332518T2 (de) 2003-09-04

Family

ID=25290916

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69332518T Expired - Lifetime DE69332518T2 (de) 1992-02-28 1993-02-25 Unterdrückung von autoimmunkrankheiten durch antigene in wartestellung

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US20050208061A1 (de)
EP (1) EP0627933B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3712260B2 (de)
KR (1) KR950700082A (de)
AT (1) ATE228373T1 (de)
AU (2) AU3778593A (de)
BR (1) BR9306042A (de)
CA (1) CA2117492C (de)
DE (1) DE69332518T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0627933T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2190784T3 (de)
HU (1) HU220357B (de)
IL (1) IL104880A (de)
NO (1) NO319062B1 (de)
PT (1) PT627933E (de)
WO (1) WO1993016724A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5571499A (en) * 1987-06-24 1996-11-05 Autoimmune, Inc. Treatment of autoimmune diseases by aerosol administration of autoantigens
US5645820A (en) * 1987-06-24 1997-07-08 Autoimmune, Inc. Treatment of autoimmune diseases by aerosol administration of autoantigens
US5869054A (en) * 1987-06-24 1999-02-09 Autoimmune Inc. Treatment of multiple sclerosis by oral administration of autoantigens
US5571500A (en) * 1987-06-24 1996-11-05 Autoimmune, Inc. Treatment of autoimmune diseases through administration by inhalation of autoantigens
US5641474A (en) * 1987-06-24 1997-06-24 Autoimmune, Inc. Prevention of autoimmune diseases by aerosol administration of autoantigens
CA2164326A1 (en) * 1993-06-02 1994-12-08 Wayne Robert Thomas Cryptic peptides for use in inducing immunologic tolerance
BR9507451A (pt) * 1994-04-08 1997-08-05 Brigham & Womens Hospital Composição farmacêutica uso de uma quantidade de (i) um antígeno padronizado em conjunto com uma quantidade de (ii) um polipeptídeo e produto contendo uma quantidade de (i) um antígeno padronizado em conjunto com uma quantidade de (ii) um polipeptídeo
WO1995027500A1 (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-19 Brigham And Women's Hospital TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE USING ORAL TOLERIZATION AND/OR Th2-ENHANCING CYTOKINES
HUT77047A (hu) * 1994-10-25 1998-03-02 Immulogic Pharmaceutical Corporation Szklerózis multiplex kezelésére szolgáló készítmények és kezelések
US5856446A (en) * 1995-07-07 1999-01-05 Autoimmune Inc. Method of treating rheumatoid arthritis with low dose type II collagen
WO1997046253A2 (en) * 1996-06-03 1997-12-11 Powderject Vaccines, Inc. Immunotherapy for autoimmune disease
JP2001511134A (ja) * 1997-01-24 2001-08-07 オートイミューン インク メトトレキサートと組合せる耐性化を用いる自己免疫疾患の治療
US7097845B2 (en) * 1997-04-23 2006-08-29 Jacob Sten Petersen Combinations of antigen and mucosal binding component for inducing specific immunological tolerance
US6787523B1 (en) 1997-12-02 2004-09-07 Neuralab Limited Prevention and treatment of amyloidogenic disease
US20080050367A1 (en) 1998-04-07 2008-02-28 Guriq Basi Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide
US7790856B2 (en) 1998-04-07 2010-09-07 Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide
US6750324B1 (en) 1997-12-02 2004-06-15 Neuralab Limited Humanized and chimeric N-terminal amyloid beta-antibodies
US6905686B1 (en) 1997-12-02 2005-06-14 Neuralab Limited Active immunization for treatment of alzheimer's disease
TWI239847B (en) 1997-12-02 2005-09-21 Elan Pharm Inc N-terminal fragment of Abeta peptide and an adjuvant for preventing and treating amyloidogenic disease
US6913745B1 (en) 1997-12-02 2005-07-05 Neuralab Limited Passive immunization of Alzheimer's disease
US6710226B1 (en) 1997-12-02 2004-03-23 Neuralab Limited Transgenic mouse assay to determine the effect of Aβ antibodies and Aβ Fragments on alzheimer's disease characteristics
WO1999056763A1 (en) * 1998-05-07 1999-11-11 The Regents Of The University Of California Use of neglected target tissue antigens in modulation of immune responses
US20030147882A1 (en) 1998-05-21 2003-08-07 Alan Solomon Methods for amyloid removal using anti-amyloid antibodies
US6787637B1 (en) 1999-05-28 2004-09-07 Neuralab Limited N-Terminal amyloid-β antibodies
UA81216C2 (en) 1999-06-01 2007-12-25 Prevention and treatment of amyloid disease
PT1286686E (pt) * 2000-05-24 2007-11-07 Us Health E-selectiva para o tratamento ou prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral
US7897575B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2011-03-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Treatment and prevention of vascular dementia
EP1842551A1 (de) * 2000-05-24 2007-10-10 The Government of the United States of America as represented by The Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services E-selectin zur behandlung oder vorbeugung von schlaganfall
US7700751B2 (en) 2000-12-06 2010-04-20 Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Humanized antibodies that recognize β-amyloid peptide
MY139983A (en) 2002-03-12 2009-11-30 Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherap Humanized antibodies that recognize beta amyloid peptide
JP2006517533A (ja) * 2003-01-23 2006-07-27 ロランティス リミテッド Notchシグナル伝達経路のアクチベーターを用いる自己免疫疾患の治療
PE20050627A1 (es) 2003-05-30 2005-08-10 Wyeth Corp Anticuerpos humanizados que reconocen el peptido beta amiloideo
WO2006066089A1 (en) 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Neuralab Limited Humanized amyloid beta antibodies for use in improving cognition
US8784810B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2014-07-22 Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Treatment of amyloidogenic diseases
WO2009017467A1 (en) 2007-07-27 2009-02-05 Elan Pharma International Limited Treatment of amyloidogenic diseases
US8003097B2 (en) 2007-04-18 2011-08-23 Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Treatment of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
JO3076B1 (ar) 2007-10-17 2017-03-15 Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherap نظم العلاج المناعي المعتمد على حالة apoe
EP2113560A1 (de) * 2008-04-28 2009-11-04 TXCell Zusammensetzungen zur Behandlung eines Arthritisleidens
PL219335B1 (pl) 2008-07-04 2015-04-30 Inst Biotechnologii I Antybiotyków Pochodna insuliny lub jej farmaceutycznie dopuszczalna sól, jej zastosowanie oraz zawierająca ją kompozycja farmaceutyczna
US9067981B1 (en) 2008-10-30 2015-06-30 Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc Hybrid amyloid-beta antibodies
WO2012049312A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Alk-Abelló A/S Suppression of a type 1 hypersensitivity immune response with an unrelated antigen
WO2012049310A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Alk-Abelló A/S Suppression of a hypersensitivity immune response with unrelated antigen derived from allergen source material
RU2669346C2 (ru) 2012-06-21 2018-10-10 Норсвестерн Юниверсити Частицы, конъюгированные с пептидами
CA2932532C (en) 2012-12-04 2021-06-22 Phosphorex, Inc. Microparticles and nanoparticles having negative surface charges
KR20230025948A (ko) 2013-03-13 2023-02-23 코어 파마슈티칼스 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니 인크. 염증 치료용 면역-변형된 입자
DK3033102T4 (da) 2013-08-13 2024-02-26 Univ Northwestern Peptidkonjugerede partikler
EP3393514A4 (de) 2015-12-23 2019-08-14 Cour Pharmaceuticals Development Company Inc. Kovalente polymer-antigen-konjugierte partikel
JP2021523151A (ja) 2018-05-11 2021-09-02 ホスホレックス、インコーポレイテッド 負の表面電荷を有するマイクロ粒子及びナノ粒子

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4985436A (en) * 1984-02-17 1991-01-15 Arizona Board Of Regents Composition of matter for inhibiting leukemias and sarcomas
CA1302880C (en) * 1986-07-25 1992-06-09 Peter Koepff Agents for the treatment of arthroses
US5399347A (en) * 1987-06-24 1995-03-21 Autoimmune, Inc. Method of treating rheumatoid arthritis with type II collagen
US5641474A (en) * 1987-06-24 1997-06-24 Autoimmune, Inc. Prevention of autoimmune diseases by aerosol administration of autoantigens
US5571499A (en) * 1987-06-24 1996-11-05 Autoimmune, Inc. Treatment of autoimmune diseases by aerosol administration of autoantigens
US5571500A (en) * 1987-06-24 1996-11-05 Autoimmune, Inc. Treatment of autoimmune diseases through administration by inhalation of autoantigens
US5869054A (en) * 1987-06-24 1999-02-09 Autoimmune Inc. Treatment of multiple sclerosis by oral administration of autoantigens
US5849298A (en) * 1987-06-24 1998-12-15 Autoimmune Inc. Treatment of multiple sclerosis by oral administration of bovine myelin
US5843445A (en) * 1987-06-24 1998-12-01 Autoimmune, Inc. Method of treating rheumatoid arthritis with type II collagen
US5645820A (en) * 1987-06-24 1997-07-08 Autoimmune, Inc. Treatment of autoimmune diseases by aerosol administration of autoantigens
US5194425A (en) * 1988-06-23 1993-03-16 Anergen, Inc. Mhc-mediated toxic conjugates useful in ameliorating autoimmunity
BR9007950A (pt) * 1989-12-20 1992-10-27 Brigham & Womens Hospital Metodo para tratamento ou prevencao da manifestacao de uma doenca auto-imune em um mamifero,formulacao farmaceutica,metodo para tratamento de uma doenca auto-imune,e metodo para tratamento de um mamifero acometido de doenca auto-imune
US5075112A (en) * 1990-02-12 1991-12-24 Cartilage Technologies Inc. Method of and dosage unit for inhibiting angiogenesis or vascularization in an animal using shark cartilage
ATE157257T1 (de) * 1990-03-02 1997-09-15 Autoimmune Inc Verstärkung der unterdrückungsregulation von autoimmunkrankheiten durch orale oder enterale verabreichung von autoantigenen
JP2635444B2 (ja) * 1990-10-15 1997-07-30 オートイミューン インク 自己抗体の経口投与による自己免疫性疾患の治療

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH08504745A (ja) 1996-05-21
JP3712260B2 (ja) 2005-11-02
DE69332518D1 (de) 2003-01-09
EP0627933A4 (de) 1997-01-15
PT627933E (pt) 2003-04-30
BR9306042A (pt) 1997-11-18
AU3778593A (en) 1993-09-13
KR950700082A (ko) 1995-01-16
NO943151D0 (no) 1994-08-25
NO319062B1 (no) 2005-06-13
ATE228373T1 (de) 2002-12-15
US20050208061A1 (en) 2005-09-22
ES2190784T3 (es) 2003-08-16
IL104880A0 (en) 1993-06-10
EP0627933B1 (de) 2002-11-27
DK0627933T3 (da) 2003-03-24
CA2117492C (en) 2009-04-07
WO1993016724A1 (en) 1993-09-02
HU9402468D0 (en) 1994-10-28
CA2117492A1 (en) 1993-09-02
NO943151L (no) 1994-10-26
AU3754297A (en) 1997-11-20
EP0627933A1 (de) 1994-12-14
HU220357B (hu) 2001-12-28
IL104880A (en) 1997-07-13
HUT74832A (en) 1997-02-28
AU720695B2 (en) 2000-06-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69332518D1 (de) Unterdrückung von autoimmunkrankheiten durch antigene in wartestellung
NO931372D0 (no) Behandling av autoimmunsykdommer ved oral administrering av autoantigener
DE3854741T3 (de) Behandlung von autoimmun-erkrankungen durch orale verabreichung von autoantigenen.
DE69033487D1 (de) Behandlung von autoimmunkrankheiten durch verabreichung von autoantigenen in form von aerosol
ATE157257T1 (de) Verstärkung der unterdrückungsregulation von autoimmunkrankheiten durch orale oder enterale verabreichung von autoantigenen
ES2065303T5 (es) Procedimiento de diagnosis y vacuna especifica.
FR2620941B1 (fr) Vaccin contenant des adjuvants et des antigenes tumoraux
EA200100302A1 (ru) Способы и композиции для протективной и терапевтической генетической иммунизации
NO964200L (no) Behandling av autoimmun sykdom ved anvendelse av oral tolerisering og/eller Th2-forsterkende cytokiner
GR3025341T3 (en) Improved adjuvants and vaccines
NO964199L (no) Behandling av autoimmun sykdom ved anvendelse av oral tolerisering og/eller type I interferon
MX9705198A (es) Metodos y formulaciones a base de colagena para el tratamiento de enfermedades mediadas por el sistema inmune.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8364 No opposition during term of opposition