DE60110909T2 - Monomodige optische faser und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents
Monomodige optische faser und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE60110909T2 DE60110909T2 DE60110909T DE60110909T DE60110909T2 DE 60110909 T2 DE60110909 T2 DE 60110909T2 DE 60110909 T DE60110909 T DE 60110909T DE 60110909 T DE60110909 T DE 60110909T DE 60110909 T2 DE60110909 T2 DE 60110909T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- section
- core
- inner shell
- optical fiber
- refractive index
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020175 SiOH Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003518 stress fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01807—Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01807—Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners
- C03B37/01815—Reactant deposition burners or deposition heating means
- C03B37/01823—Plasma deposition burners or heating means
- C03B37/0183—Plasma deposition burners or heating means for plasma within a tube substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03688—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 5 or more layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/08—Doped silica-based glasses doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant
- C03B2201/12—Doped silica-based glasses doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant doped with fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
- C03B2203/24—Single mode [SM or monomode]
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1015405 | 2000-06-09 | ||
| NL1015405A NL1015405C2 (nl) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-06-09 | Single mode optische vezel en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een single mode optische vezel. |
| PCT/NL2001/000433 WO2002008811A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-08 | Single mode optical fibre, and method for the manufacture of a single mode optical fibre |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE60110909D1 DE60110909D1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
| DE60110909T2 true DE60110909T2 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
Family
ID=19771518
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE60110909T Expired - Lifetime DE60110909T2 (de) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-06-08 | Monomodige optische faser und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6754423B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1287392B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4808906B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100789974B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1227547C (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE295969T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2001264412A1 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0111478B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60110909T2 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK1287392T3 (enExample) |
| NL (1) | NL1015405C2 (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2271025C2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2002008811A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100322131B1 (ko) * | 1999-01-28 | 2002-02-04 | 윤종용 | 오.에이치.차단층을 구비한 광섬유 모재 및 그 제조방법 |
| EP1394124A4 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2007-03-07 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING GLASS TUBES |
| US7079749B2 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2006-07-18 | Peter Dragic | Waveguide configuration |
| DE10393680B4 (de) * | 2003-03-21 | 2009-03-26 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Rohr aus synthetischem Quarzglas für die Herstellung einer Vorform, Verfahren für seine Herstellung in einem Vertikalziehverfahren und Verwendung des Rohres |
| JP2005298271A (ja) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光ファイバの製造方法及び光ファイバ |
| FR2896795B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-27 | 2008-04-18 | Draka Compteq France | Procede de fabrication d'une preforme de fibre optique |
| US7493009B2 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-02-17 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Optical fiber with tin doped core-cladding interface |
| US7848604B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2010-12-07 | Tensolite, Llc | Fiber-optic cable and method of manufacture |
| US8315495B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2012-11-20 | Corning Incorporated | Large effective area fiber with Ge-free core |
| US7689085B1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2010-03-30 | Corning Incorporated | Large effective area fiber with GE-free core |
| US9052486B2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2015-06-09 | Carlisle Interconnect Technologies, Inc. | Fiber optic cable and method of manufacture |
| RU2457519C1 (ru) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-07-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Фиберус" | Интегрально-оптический волновод с активированной сердцевиной, двойной светоотражающей оболочкой и способ его изготовления |
| US8929701B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2015-01-06 | Draka Comteq, B.V. | Loose-tube optical-fiber cable |
| KR102029213B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-10-07 | 국방과학연구소 | 방사상 전파를 위한 광섬유 팁의 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56121002A (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1981-09-22 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical fiber for light transmission and its manufacture |
| JPS5662204A (en) * | 1979-10-25 | 1981-05-28 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical transmission fiber and its manufacture |
| US5033815A (en) * | 1979-10-25 | 1991-07-23 | Nippon Telephone & Telegraph | Optical transmission fiber and process for producing the same |
| DE3205345A1 (de) * | 1982-02-15 | 1983-09-01 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | "verfahren zur herstellung von fluordotierten lichtleitfasern" |
| DE3376884D1 (de) * | 1983-06-29 | 1988-07-07 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Single-mode w-fibre |
| DE3500672A1 (de) * | 1985-01-11 | 1986-07-17 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Lichtleitfaser mit fluordotierung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| FR2650584B1 (fr) * | 1989-08-02 | 1993-12-17 | Cie Generale D Electricite | Procede de fabrication d'une fibre optique a gaine dopee |
| US5044724A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-09-03 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Method of producing optical fiber, and fiber produced by the method |
| DE4028275A1 (de) * | 1990-09-06 | 1992-03-12 | Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von glasfaser-lichtwellenleitern mit erhoehter zugfestigkeit |
| US5059229A (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1991-10-22 | Corning Incorporated | Method for producing optical fiber in a hydrogen atmosphere to prevent attenuation |
| US5240488A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1993-08-31 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Manufacture of vitreous silica product via a sol-gel process using a polymer additive |
| DE19505929C1 (de) * | 1995-02-21 | 1996-03-28 | Heraeus Quarzglas | Optisches Bauteil |
| JP3068013B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 2000-07-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 分散補償ファイバ |
| DE69630426T2 (de) * | 1995-08-31 | 2004-08-19 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Dispersionskompensierende Faser und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| JP3562545B2 (ja) * | 1995-12-04 | 2004-09-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ用ガラス母材の製造方法 |
| TW371650B (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1999-10-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | Method for producing an optical fiber quartz glass preform |
| JP3503427B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-19 | 2004-03-08 | ソニー株式会社 | 薄膜トランジスタの製造方法 |
| US6131415A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 2000-10-17 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of making a fiber having low loss at 1385 nm by cladding a VAD preform with a D/d<7.5 |
| JP3337954B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-17 | 2002-10-28 | 株式会社フジクラ | 分散補償光ファイバ |
| FR2792733B1 (fr) * | 1999-04-26 | 2002-01-11 | Cit Alcatel | Preforme comprenant un revetement barriere contre la diffusion d'hydrogene dans la fibre optique fabriquee a partir de cette preforme et procede de preparation d'une telle preforme |
-
2000
- 2000-06-09 NL NL1015405A patent/NL1015405C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-06-08 RU RU2003100093/28A patent/RU2271025C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-08 WO PCT/NL2001/000433 patent/WO2002008811A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-08 BR BRPI0111478A patent/BRPI0111478B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-08 KR KR1020027016696A patent/KR100789974B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-08 DE DE60110909T patent/DE60110909T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 US US09/876,018 patent/US6754423B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 AU AU2001264412A patent/AU2001264412A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-08 EP EP01938836A patent/EP1287392B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 JP JP2002514451A patent/JP4808906B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-08 AT AT01938836T patent/ATE295969T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-08 CN CNB018109144A patent/CN1227547C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-08 DK DK01938836T patent/DK1287392T3/da active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20020015570A1 (en) | 2002-02-07 |
| BR0111478A (pt) | 2003-07-01 |
| WO2002008811A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
| BRPI0111478B1 (pt) | 2015-09-15 |
| US6754423B2 (en) | 2004-06-22 |
| NL1015405C2 (nl) | 2001-12-12 |
| JP2004505000A (ja) | 2004-02-19 |
| DK1287392T3 (da) | 2005-08-15 |
| CN1227547C (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
| DE60110909D1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
| AU2001264412A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
| KR20030007913A (ko) | 2003-01-23 |
| EP1287392A1 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
| CN1436310A (zh) | 2003-08-13 |
| JP4808906B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
| RU2271025C2 (ru) | 2006-02-27 |
| KR100789974B1 (ko) | 2007-12-31 |
| EP1287392B1 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
| ATE295969T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
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