DE4427137B4 - Fällungskieselsäure - Google Patents

Fällungskieselsäure Download PDF

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Publication number
DE4427137B4
DE4427137B4 DE4427137A DE4427137A DE4427137B4 DE 4427137 B4 DE4427137 B4 DE 4427137B4 DE 4427137 A DE4427137 A DE 4427137A DE 4427137 A DE4427137 A DE 4427137A DE 4427137 B4 DE4427137 B4 DE 4427137B4
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
precipitated silica
ctab
surface area
bet surface
silica
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE4427137A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
DE4427137A1 (de
Inventor
Heinz Esch
Udo Dr. Görl
Robert Kuhlmann
Ralf Dr. Rausch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25930239&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=DE4427137(B4) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Priority to DE4427137A priority Critical patent/DE4427137B4/de
Priority to TW083108447A priority patent/TW288031B/zh
Priority to EP94115165A priority patent/EP0647591B1/de
Priority to DE59400068T priority patent/DE59400068D1/de
Priority to ES94115165T priority patent/ES2081223T3/es
Priority to TR01023/94A priority patent/TR28814A/xx
Priority to CN94117058A priority patent/CN1036990C/zh
Priority to RU94035656/26A priority patent/RU2076066C1/ru
Priority to FI944679A priority patent/FI107143B/fi
Priority to KR1019940025507A priority patent/KR0140827B1/ko
Priority to BR9404019A priority patent/BR9404019A/pt
Priority to JP6243783A priority patent/JP2556670B2/ja
Publication of DE4427137A1 publication Critical patent/DE4427137A1/de
Priority to US08/870,591 priority patent/US6977065B1/en
Priority to US09/986,468 priority patent/US7071257B2/en
Priority to US11/194,481 priority patent/US20050282951A1/en
Priority to US11/536,505 priority patent/US20070208127A1/en
Publication of DE4427137B4 publication Critical patent/DE4427137B4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/18Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B33/187Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/18Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B33/187Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates
    • C01B33/193Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by acidic treatment of silicates of aqueous solutions of silicates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36Silica
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/50Agglomerated particles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/62Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12Surface area
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/14Pore volume
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/19Oil-absorption capacity, e.g. DBP values

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
DE4427137A 1993-10-07 1994-07-30 Fällungskieselsäure Expired - Lifetime DE4427137B4 (de)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4427137A DE4427137B4 (de) 1993-10-07 1994-07-30 Fällungskieselsäure
TW083108447A TW288031B (enExample) 1993-10-07 1994-09-13
EP94115165A EP0647591B1 (de) 1993-10-07 1994-09-27 Fällungskieselsäuren
DE59400068T DE59400068D1 (de) 1993-10-07 1994-09-27 Fällungskieselsäuren
ES94115165T ES2081223T3 (es) 1993-10-07 1994-09-27 Acidos silicicos de precipitacion.
TR01023/94A TR28814A (tr) 1993-10-07 1994-10-05 Vulkanize edilebilir kaucuk bilesimleri icine dahil edilebilen cöktürülmüs silika.
CN94117058A CN1036990C (zh) 1993-10-07 1994-10-05 沉淀二氧化硅
KR1019940025507A KR0140827B1 (ko) 1993-10-07 1994-10-06 침강 실리카
RU94035656/26A RU2076066C1 (ru) 1993-10-07 1994-10-06 Осажденная кремниевая кислота, способ ее получения и вулканизуемая резиновая смесь
FI944679A FI107143B (fi) 1993-10-07 1994-10-06 Saostuspiihappoja
BR9404019A BR9404019A (pt) 1993-10-07 1994-10-07 Acido silícico de precipitação, processo para sua preparação e misturas de borracha vulcanizáveis e vulcanizados
JP6243783A JP2556670B2 (ja) 1993-10-07 1994-10-07 沈降珪酸、その製法及びこれを含有する加硫性弾性ゴム混合物及び加硫ゴム
US08/870,591 US6977065B1 (en) 1993-10-07 1997-06-06 Precipitated silicas
US09/986,468 US7071257B2 (en) 1993-10-07 2001-11-08 Precipitated silicas
US11/194,481 US20050282951A1 (en) 1993-10-07 2005-08-02 Precipitated silica
US11/536,505 US20070208127A1 (en) 1993-10-07 2006-09-28 Precipitated Silica

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4334201.9 1993-10-07
DE4334201 1993-10-07
DE4427137A DE4427137B4 (de) 1993-10-07 1994-07-30 Fällungskieselsäure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE4427137A1 DE4427137A1 (de) 1995-04-13
DE4427137B4 true DE4427137B4 (de) 2007-08-23

Family

ID=25930239

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE4427137A Expired - Lifetime DE4427137B4 (de) 1993-10-07 1994-07-30 Fällungskieselsäure
DE59400068T Revoked DE59400068D1 (de) 1993-10-07 1994-09-27 Fällungskieselsäuren

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE59400068T Revoked DE59400068D1 (de) 1993-10-07 1994-09-27 Fällungskieselsäuren

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0647591B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2556670B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR0140827B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN1036990C (enExample)
BR (1) BR9404019A (enExample)
DE (2) DE4427137B4 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2081223T3 (enExample)
FI (1) FI107143B (enExample)
RU (1) RU2076066C1 (enExample)
TR (1) TR28814A (enExample)
TW (1) TW288031B (enExample)

Families Citing this family (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6977065B1 (en) 1993-10-07 2005-12-20 Degussa Ag Precipitated silicas
DE19617039A1 (de) * 1995-06-01 1996-12-05 Degussa Fällungskieselsäuren, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung von vulkanisierbaren Kautschukmischungen
IN188702B (enExample) * 1995-06-01 2002-10-26 Degussa
DE19526476A1 (de) * 1995-07-20 1997-01-23 Degussa Fällungskieselsäure
DE19527278A1 (de) * 1995-07-26 1997-01-30 Degussa Fällungskieselsäure
DE19642448A1 (de) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 Degussa Fällungskieselsäure
CN1115295C (zh) * 1996-05-31 2003-07-23 Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 非晶形沉淀氧化硅
KR100342941B1 (ko) * 1996-05-31 2002-08-22 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 무정형의침전된실리카
US5929156A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-07-27 J.M. Huber Corporation Silica product for use in elastomers
US5891949A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-04-06 J.M. Huber Corporation Natural rubber compound
DE19740440A1 (de) * 1997-09-15 1999-03-18 Degussa Leicht dispergierbare Fällungskieselsäure
IL122851A0 (en) * 1998-01-05 1998-08-16 Rotem Amfert Negev Ltd Optimally dispersible precipitated silica particulates process for their preparation and their use
JPH11236208A (ja) * 1998-02-25 1999-08-31 Nippon Silica Ind Co Ltd ゴム補強用含水ケイ酸
US6121346A (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-09-19 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Rubber compositions containing fillers having aggregates containing different particle sizes
DE19840153A1 (de) 1998-09-03 2000-04-20 Degussa Fällungskieselsäure
JP2000319513A (ja) * 1999-05-12 2000-11-21 Nippon Silica Ind Co Ltd シリコーンゴム補強充填剤
US6624233B2 (en) 1999-05-31 2003-09-23 Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. Low rolling resistance tire for vehicles
EP1189767B1 (en) * 1999-05-31 2004-07-28 PIRELLI PNEUMATICI Società per Azioni Low rolling resistance tire for vehicles
HUP0204138A3 (en) * 1999-07-28 2004-08-30 Grace Gmbh & Co Kg Preciptated silica, a process to make it, and its use
DE10112652A1 (de) 2001-03-16 2002-09-19 Degussa Inhomogene Kieselsäuren für Elastomerenmischungen
DE10146325A1 (de) * 2001-09-20 2003-04-10 Degussa Fällungskieselsäure mit hohem BET/CTAB-Verhältnis
KR100560223B1 (ko) * 2002-06-05 2006-03-10 삼성코닝 주식회사 고정도 연마용 금속 산화물 분말 및 이의 제조방법
DE10330221A1 (de) * 2002-08-03 2004-02-12 Degussa Ag Hochdispersible Fällungskieselsäure
JP5144878B2 (ja) * 2002-08-03 2013-02-13 エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー 高表面積沈降珪酸
DE10330118A1 (de) * 2002-08-03 2004-02-12 Degussa Ag Fällungskieselsäure mit hoher Oberfläche
DE50308181D1 (de) * 2002-08-03 2007-10-25 Degussa Hochdispersible fällungskieselsäure mit hoher oberfläche
BRPI0406904A (pt) 2003-01-22 2005-12-13 Degussa ácidos silìcicos especialmente precipitados para aplicações em borrachas
CN100572424C (zh) * 2003-08-19 2009-12-23 株式会社德山 二氧化硅填充橡胶颗粒体及其制造方法
DE102004005411A1 (de) * 2004-02-03 2005-08-18 Degussa Ag Hydrophobe Fällungskieselsäure für Entschäumerformulierungen
US10258576B2 (en) 2004-05-24 2019-04-16 Takeda As Particulate comprising a calcium-containing compound and a sugar alcohol
KR100893847B1 (ko) 2004-06-01 2009-04-17 니코메드 파마 에이에스 칼슘-함유 화합물을 활성 물질로서 함유하는 씹어먹거나흡입 및 삼킬 수 있는 태블릿
SE529160C2 (sv) * 2004-12-27 2007-05-15 Svenska Aerogel Ab En metod för framställning av agglomerat av utfällt silikamaterial, ett mikroporöst material innefattande sådana agglomerat och användning därav
JP4805584B2 (ja) 2005-01-21 2011-11-02 住友ゴム工業株式会社 トレッド用ゴム組成物およびそれからなるタイヤ
CN101128186B (zh) 2005-02-03 2013-07-03 奈科明制药有限公司 制备含钙组合物的快速湿聚结方法
JP5224820B2 (ja) 2005-02-03 2013-07-03 ニコメド ファーマ エイエス カルシウム含有化合物を含む組成物の溶融造粒
DE102005043201A1 (de) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-15 Degussa Ag Fällungskieselsäuren mit einer besonderen Porengrößenverteilung
UA95093C2 (uk) 2005-12-07 2011-07-11 Нікомед Фарма Ас Спосіб одержання кальцієвмісної сполуки
JP5420907B2 (ja) 2005-12-07 2014-02-19 タケダ ニコメド エイエス 予備圧縮されたカルシウム含有化合物
EP1803766B1 (en) 2005-12-28 2014-03-12 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Rubber composition for coating textile cord and tire using the same
DE102007004757A1 (de) * 2006-05-26 2007-11-29 Degussa Gmbh Fällungskieselsäuren mit speziellen Oberflächeneigenschaften
JP5108352B2 (ja) 2007-03-28 2012-12-26 東海ゴム工業株式会社 防振ゴム組成物
JP4896826B2 (ja) * 2007-06-21 2012-03-14 住友ゴム工業株式会社 トレッド用ゴム組成物およびこれを用いた空気入りタイヤ
DE102008017747A1 (de) * 2008-04-07 2009-10-08 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Gefällte Kieselsäuren als Verstärkerfüllstoff für Elastomermischungen
DE102008017731A1 (de) * 2008-04-07 2009-10-08 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Kautschukmischung
WO2010054845A1 (en) 2008-11-17 2010-05-20 Nycomed Pharma As Improved dissolution stability of calcium carbonate tablets
JP2012251134A (ja) * 2011-05-12 2012-12-20 Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd 組成物
RU2502754C2 (ru) * 2011-07-20 2013-12-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технический центр "Кама" Резиновая смесь
CN103922346B (zh) * 2013-01-14 2016-05-18 上海华明高技术(集团)有限公司 高分散沉淀白炭黑的制备方法
CN106700147A (zh) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 低滚动阻力的橡胶组合物和硫化橡胶及其制备方法和应用
EP3394161A4 (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-08-14 Tata Chemicals Limited PRECIPITATION SILICA
KR20210136160A (ko) * 2016-07-27 2021-11-16 와커 헤미 아게 개질된 침전 실리카의 제조 방법 및 이를 함유하는 조성물
CA3030383C (en) 2016-07-29 2023-02-21 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Method for producing hydrophobic heat insulation material
JP7050810B2 (ja) 2017-01-18 2022-04-08 エボニック オペレーションズ ゲーエムベーハー 造粒体状断熱材およびその製造方法
DE102017209782A1 (de) 2017-06-09 2018-12-13 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Verfahren zur Wärmedämmung eines evakuierbaren Behälters
KR102690236B1 (ko) 2017-12-27 2024-08-01 로디아 오퍼레이션스 실리카 현탁액
PL3746403T3 (pl) 2018-02-01 2024-09-30 Rhodia Operations Zawiesina krzemionki w rozpuszczalniku organicznym i sposób jej wytwarzania
CN108439414A (zh) * 2018-02-11 2018-08-24 确成硅化学股份有限公司 一种pH值摆动法制备高分散大孔容沉淀二氧化硅的方法
WO2019170264A1 (de) 2018-03-05 2019-09-12 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung eines aerogelmaterials
KR102756383B1 (ko) 2018-07-13 2025-01-21 로디아 오퍼레이션스 가공처리 성질이 개선된 침전 실리카
EP3597615A1 (en) 2018-07-17 2020-01-22 Evonik Operations GmbH Granular mixed oxide material and thermal insulating composition on its basis
US12030810B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2024-07-09 Evonik Operations Gmbh Thermal insulating composition based on fumed silica granulates, processes for its preparation and uses thereof
EP3823942A1 (en) 2018-07-18 2021-05-26 Evonik Operations GmbH Process for hydrophobizing shaped insulation-material bodies based on silica at ambient pressure
EP4045334A1 (en) 2019-10-15 2022-08-24 Rhodia Operations Process for the preparation of modified silica, modified silica and its uses
WO2021190979A1 (en) 2020-03-24 2021-09-30 Rhodia Operations Whitening oral care compositions
CN115485239B (zh) 2020-04-30 2024-08-30 赢创运营有限公司 具有增大的碱性稳定性的二氧化硅气凝胶
EP3992147A1 (de) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-04 Evonik Operations GmbH Gefällte kieselsäuren, verfahren zur deren herstellung und deren verwendung
WO2022101015A1 (en) * 2020-11-10 2022-05-19 Rhodia Operations Whitening oral care compositions
JP2024511855A (ja) 2021-04-02 2024-03-15 ローディア オペレーションズ 新規なシリカ、その調製のための方法、及びその使用
CN114132938B (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-05-24 金三江(肇庆)硅材料股份有限公司 一种高吸油值低比表面积二氧化硅及其制备方法
US20240158615A1 (en) 2022-11-02 2024-05-16 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Precipitated silica pretreated with a coupling agent and polyethylene glycol for a rubber composition
CN120513274A (zh) 2022-11-14 2025-08-19 罗地亚经营管理公司 改性沉淀二氧化硅、其制造和用途
US20240326361A1 (en) 2023-03-29 2024-10-03 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Sealant composition for self-sealing pneumatic tire

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1467019B2 (de) * 1962-03-02 1970-07-23 Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals Roessler, 6OOO Frankfurt Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinteiliger Kieselsäure durch Umsetzung von Alkalisilikatlösungen mit Säurelösungen
DE2342713A1 (de) * 1972-08-24 1974-03-07 Sifrance Verfahren zur herstellung von gefaellten amorphen kieselsaeuren
EP0396450A1 (fr) * 1989-05-02 1990-11-07 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Silice sous forme de bille, procédé de préparation et son utilisation au renforcement des élastomères
EP0520862A1 (fr) * 1991-06-26 1992-12-30 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Procédé de préparation de silice précipitée, silices précipitées obtenues et leur utilisation au renforcement des élastomères

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FR2471947A1 (fr) * 1979-12-20 1981-06-26 Rhone Poulenc Ind Silice de precipitation, notamment utilisable comme charge renforcante
FR2562534B1 (fr) * 1984-04-06 1986-06-27 Rhone Poulenc Chim Base Nouvelle silice precipitee a caracteres morphologiques ameliores, procede pour son obtention et application, notamment comme charge
GB8721644D0 (en) * 1987-09-15 1987-10-21 Unilever Plc Silicas
DE3815670A1 (de) * 1988-05-07 1990-01-25 Degussa Feinteilige faellungskieselsaeure mit hoher struktur, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und verwendung
FR2649089B1 (fr) * 1989-07-03 1991-12-13 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Silice a porosite controlee et son procede d'obtention
FR2673187B1 (fr) * 1991-02-25 1994-07-01 Michelin & Cie Composition de caoutchouc et enveloppes de pneumatiques a base de ladite composition.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1467019B2 (de) * 1962-03-02 1970-07-23 Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt vormals Roessler, 6OOO Frankfurt Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinteiliger Kieselsäure durch Umsetzung von Alkalisilikatlösungen mit Säurelösungen
DE2342713A1 (de) * 1972-08-24 1974-03-07 Sifrance Verfahren zur herstellung von gefaellten amorphen kieselsaeuren
EP0396450A1 (fr) * 1989-05-02 1990-11-07 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Silice sous forme de bille, procédé de préparation et son utilisation au renforcement des élastomères
EP0520862A1 (fr) * 1991-06-26 1992-12-30 Rhone-Poulenc Chimie Procédé de préparation de silice précipitée, silices précipitées obtenues et leur utilisation au renforcement des élastomères

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU94035656A (ru) 1997-04-20
JP2556670B2 (ja) 1996-11-20
RU2076066C1 (ru) 1997-03-27
EP0647591B1 (de) 1995-12-20
CN1109445A (zh) 1995-10-04
CN1036990C (zh) 1998-01-14
FI107143B (fi) 2001-06-15
KR0140827B1 (ko) 1998-06-01
DE59400068D1 (de) 1996-02-01
KR950011329A (ko) 1995-05-15
TR28814A (tr) 1997-04-03
EP0647591A1 (de) 1995-04-12
BR9404019A (pt) 1995-06-27
DE4427137A1 (de) 1995-04-13
JPH07172815A (ja) 1995-07-11
TW288031B (enExample) 1996-10-11
ES2081223T3 (es) 1996-02-16
FI944679A0 (fi) 1994-10-06
FI944679L (fi) 1995-04-08

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