DE4020621C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE4020621C2 DE4020621C2 DE19904020621 DE4020621A DE4020621C2 DE 4020621 C2 DE4020621 C2 DE 4020621C2 DE 19904020621 DE19904020621 DE 19904020621 DE 4020621 A DE4020621 A DE 4020621A DE 4020621 C2 DE4020621 C2 DE 4020621C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- diameter
- threads
- range
- helical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 53
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical group [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 transition metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100400378 Mus musculus Marveld2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000277284 Salvelinus fontinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000333 X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000763 evoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002363 hafnium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/12—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
- D01F11/126—Carbides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/1271—Alkanes or cycloalkanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/1273—Alkenes, alkynes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
- D01F9/1273—Alkenes, alkynes
- D01F9/1275—Acetylene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16642889 | 1989-06-28 | ||
| JP1234853A JP2721557B2 (ja) | 1989-06-28 | 1989-09-11 | コイル状炭素繊維および炭素複合材料 |
| JP2062490A JPH03227412A (ja) | 1990-01-31 | 1990-01-31 | コイル状繊維およびその製造法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4020621A1 DE4020621A1 (de) | 1991-01-03 |
| DE4020621C2 true DE4020621C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1992-06-25 |
Family
ID=27283117
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904020621 Granted DE4020621A1 (de) | 1989-06-28 | 1990-06-28 | Kohlenstoffhaltige fasern mit wendelartigen faeden und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4020621A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2650270B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB2233971B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2944246B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-29 | 1999-08-30 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | コイル状炭素繊維の製造方法 |
| DE10352709A1 (de) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-06-16 | Volker Gallatz | Faser zur Verwendung als eine Komponente eines Kompositwerkstoffes sowie ein solcher Kompositwerkstoff und ein Herstellverfahren für eine solche Faser |
| DE102009002129A1 (de) | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Hartstoffbeschichtete Körper und Verfahren zur Herstellung hartstoffbeschichteter Körper |
| JP5710185B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-10 | 2015-04-30 | 株式会社Ｃｍｃ総合研究所 | 微小コイルの製造方法及び製造装置 |
| CN113149550B (zh) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉三源特种建材有限责任公司 | 一种纳米碳纤维水泥基增韧增强复合材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3816609A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1974-06-11 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for producing a gaseous composition containing hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon oxides |
| JPS49101694A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1973-02-03 | 1974-09-26 | ||
| FR2323636A1 (fr) * | 1973-06-15 | 1977-04-08 | Armines | Filaments de carbone revetus de carbone de silicium et procede pour l'obtention de ces filaments |
| JPS58180615A (ja) * | 1982-04-10 | 1983-10-22 | Morinobu Endo | 気相法による炭素繊維の製造方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-06-27 FR FR9008121A patent/FR2650270B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-27 GB GB9014271A patent/GB2233971B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-28 DE DE19904020621 patent/DE4020621A1/de active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2650270B1 (fr) | 1994-03-25 |
| DE4020621A1 (de) | 1991-01-03 |
| GB2233971A (en) | 1991-01-23 |
| GB9014271D0 (en) | 1990-08-15 |
| GB2233971B (en) | 1993-02-24 |
| FR2650270A1 (fr) | 1991-02-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |