DE3854751T2 - Vorrichtung mit einem ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristall. - Google Patents

Vorrichtung mit einem ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristall.

Info

Publication number
DE3854751T2
DE3854751T2 DE3854751T DE3854751T DE3854751T2 DE 3854751 T2 DE3854751 T2 DE 3854751T2 DE 3854751 T DE3854751 T DE 3854751T DE 3854751 T DE3854751 T DE 3854751T DE 3854751 T2 DE3854751 T2 DE 3854751T2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
ferroelectric liquid
insulating film
clc
capacitance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE3854751T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE3854751D1 (de
Inventor
Akira Tsuboyama
Yutaka Inaba
Akio Yoshida
Yukio Hanyu
Toshiharu Uchimi
Masataka Yamashita
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP14637287A external-priority patent/JPS63311231A/ja
Priority claimed from JP16641687A external-priority patent/JPS6410214A/ja
Priority claimed from JP62188906A external-priority patent/JPH0830809B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP31409987A external-priority patent/JPH01155318A/ja
Priority claimed from JP62315268A external-priority patent/JPH0782170B2/ja
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Publication of DE3854751D1 publication Critical patent/DE3854751D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3854751T2 publication Critical patent/DE3854751T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/22—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and nitrogen atoms as chain links, e.g. Schiff bases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/12—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings at least two benzene rings directly linked, e.g. biphenyls
    • C09K19/126—Compounds containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
    • C09K19/2021—Compounds containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/28—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and sulfur atoms as chain links, e.g. thioesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
    • C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/32—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
    • C09K19/322—Compounds containing a naphthalene ring or a completely or partially hydrogenated naphthalene ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
    • C09K19/3441—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having nitrogen as hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
    • C09K19/46—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40 containing esters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133345—Insulating layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
DE3854751T 1987-06-12 1988-06-13 Vorrichtung mit einem ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristall. Expired - Fee Related DE3854751T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14637287A JPS63311231A (ja) 1987-06-12 1987-06-12 液晶素子
JP16641687A JPS6410214A (en) 1987-07-02 1987-07-02 Ferroelectric liquid crystal element
JP62188906A JPH0830809B2 (ja) 1987-07-30 1987-07-30 液晶素子
JP31409987A JPH01155318A (ja) 1987-12-14 1987-12-14 強誘電性液晶素子
JP62315268A JPH0782170B2 (ja) 1987-12-15 1987-12-15 強誘電性液晶素子

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3854751D1 DE3854751D1 (de) 1996-01-18
DE3854751T2 true DE3854751T2 (de) 1996-06-13

Family

ID=27527763

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE3854751T Expired - Fee Related DE3854751T2 (de) 1987-06-12 1988-06-13 Vorrichtung mit einem ferroelektrischen Flüssigkristall.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5099344A (de)
EP (1) EP0294852B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE131290T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3854751T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2080046T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8724762D0 (en) * 1987-10-22 1987-11-25 Ici Plc Liquid crystal material
DE68926174T2 (de) * 1988-02-02 1996-08-22 Showa Shell Sekiyu Flüssigkristallverbindungen
US5424005A (en) * 1988-02-02 1995-06-13 Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. Liquid crystal compounds
US5204020A (en) * 1988-02-02 1993-04-20 Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. Liquid crystal compounds
DE3812191A1 (de) * 1988-04-13 1989-10-26 Merck Patent Gmbh Chirale oder achirale ringverbindungen
DE68916105T2 (de) * 1988-04-28 1994-11-17 Showa Shell Sekiyu Flüssigkristall-Verbindungen mit Naphthalennucleus.
EP0341922B1 (de) * 1988-05-12 1994-07-27 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Naphthalen-Verbindung und dieselbe enthaltende flüssigkristalline Zusammensetzung
EP0355314B1 (de) * 1988-06-24 1994-08-31 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelektrische chirale smektische Flüssigkristallzusammensetzung und Vorrichtung mit dieser Zusammensetzung
DE68921809T2 (de) * 1988-06-24 1995-08-17 Canon Kk Ferroelektrische chirale smektische Flüssigkristallzusammensetzung und Vorrichtung mit dieser Zusammensetzung.
ATE110763T1 (de) * 1988-06-24 1994-09-15 Canon Kk Ferroelektrische chirale smektische flüssigkristallzusammensetzung und dieselbe verwendende vorrichtung.
US5183586A (en) * 1988-07-14 1993-02-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal device using same
US5250221A (en) * 1988-07-15 1993-10-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal device using same
US5264151A (en) * 1988-08-29 1993-11-23 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Optically active ester derivatives, preparation process thereof, liquid crystal materials and a light switching element
US5124070A (en) * 1988-08-29 1992-06-23 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Optically active ester derivatives, preparation process thereof, liquid crystal materials and a light switching element
EP0385692B1 (de) * 1989-02-27 1993-10-06 Sanyo Chemical Industries Ltd. Optisch aktive Verbindungen
US5068054A (en) * 1989-03-13 1991-11-26 International Business Machines Corporation Ferroelectric liquid crystals
US5393459A (en) * 1989-05-11 1995-02-28 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Optically active compounds, and a liquid-crystalline phase
EP0418833A3 (en) * 1989-09-20 1993-03-17 Hitachi, Ltd. Organic thin film and liquid crystal display devices with the same
EP0434297B1 (de) * 1989-12-18 1996-10-16 Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited Optisch aktive aromatische Verbindungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Flüssigkristallzusammensetzungen und Elemente
DE69033869T2 (de) * 1989-12-21 2002-07-18 Sumitomo Chemical Co Phenylpyrimidinderivate, Verfahren zur Herstellung, diese als wirksamen Stoff enthaltende Flüssigkristallzusammensetzungen, und sie verwendende Flüssigkristallelemente
EP1067122A3 (de) * 1989-12-21 2001-02-07 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Phenylpyrimidinderivate, Verfahren zur Herstellung, die als wirksamen Stoff enthaltende Flüssigkristallzusammensetzungen, und sie verwendende Flüssigkristallelemente
JP2819332B2 (ja) * 1990-01-29 1998-10-30 キヤノン株式会社 液晶性化合物およびそれを含有する液晶組成物
JP2784700B2 (ja) * 1990-08-13 1998-08-06 キヤノン株式会社 強誘電性液晶素子
ATE150570T1 (de) * 1990-08-22 1997-04-15 Canon Kk Flüssigkristallgerät
JP3143497B2 (ja) * 1990-08-22 2001-03-07 キヤノン株式会社 液晶装置
FR2673190B1 (fr) * 1991-02-26 1994-09-16 Thomson Csf Cristaux liquides fluores.
JP2835787B2 (ja) * 1991-03-22 1998-12-14 キヤノン株式会社 強誘電性液晶素子
US5285304A (en) * 1992-01-24 1994-02-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelectric liquid crystal device having spacers including the thermosetting adhesive particles and the thermoplastic polymer particles
US5467209A (en) * 1992-01-24 1995-11-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelectric liquid crystal device with particular layer thicknesses at non-pixel portions and pixel portions
JPH0651315A (ja) * 1992-07-28 1994-02-25 Fujitsu Ltd 強誘電性液晶表示装置およびその製造方法
US5262390A (en) * 1992-08-26 1993-11-16 Fmc Corporation Herbicical 2-[(4-heterocyclic-phenoxymethyl)phenoxy]-alkanoates
GB2271563A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-20 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid crystalline (2-(cyclylcarboxy)-5-pyrazyl)benzenes
GB9221820D0 (en) * 1992-10-16 1992-12-02 Secr Defence Thio-ester compounds, and mixtures and devices containing such compounds
US5592190A (en) * 1993-04-28 1997-01-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display apparatus and drive method
GB2278841A (en) * 1993-06-11 1994-12-14 Secr Defence Liquid crystal compounds, mixtures and devices
GB9325438D0 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-02-16 Secr Defence Ferroelectric liquid crystal devices
US5393860A (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-02-28 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Polymer compositions containing substituted pyrazines
DE69621396T2 (de) * 1995-10-12 2002-11-14 Canon Kk Flüssigkristallvorrichtung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US5885482A (en) * 1995-12-28 1999-03-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal device, production process thereof and liquid crystal apparatus
JP3093627B2 (ja) * 1996-02-09 2000-10-03 キヤノン株式会社 液晶表示装置の製造方法
US5973761A (en) * 1997-01-31 1999-10-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ferroelectic liquid crystal device having a low-resistivity layer below an alignment control layer
JP2002090744A (ja) * 2000-09-12 2002-03-27 Toshiba Corp 液晶表示素子
US6801267B2 (en) 2000-11-10 2004-10-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device
JP4637839B2 (ja) 2003-08-08 2011-02-23 メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 反応性メソゲンを有する、液晶分子を配向させるための配向層
JP5062182B2 (ja) * 2006-12-20 2012-10-31 大日本印刷株式会社 液晶表示素子
KR101277192B1 (ko) * 2007-03-09 2013-06-20 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 강유전 복합체, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는액정표시장치
US11125108B2 (en) 2018-12-17 2021-09-21 Borgwarner Inc. Liquid-cooled enclosure for turbocharger power module
DE102020203585A1 (de) 2020-03-20 2021-09-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Anordnung und Filter für Bildverarbeitung, computerimplementiertes Verfahren zum Steuern eines derartigen Filters, Steuergerät für einen Bildgebungssensor, Kamera zum Polarisieren von Licht und Steuerungssystem für ein Fahrzeug umfassend eine derartige Kamera

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US4561726A (en) * 1983-07-29 1985-12-31 At&T Bell Laboratories Alignment of ferroelectric LCDs
JPS60188925A (ja) * 1984-03-09 1985-09-26 Canon Inc 光学変調素子の製造法
JPS61120119A (ja) * 1984-11-15 1986-06-07 Alps Electric Co Ltd 液晶ライトバルブ
JPH0718990B2 (ja) * 1985-01-24 1995-03-06 キヤノン株式会社 液晶セル
US4615586A (en) * 1985-04-26 1986-10-07 At&T Bell Laboratories Liquid crystal devices
US4664480A (en) * 1985-04-26 1987-05-12 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Alignment technique for liquid crystal devices
JPS61282328A (ja) * 1985-06-10 1986-12-12 Chisso Corp シクロヘキサン誘導体
DE3667052D1 (en) * 1985-07-01 1989-12-28 Ajinomoto Kk Biphenyl carbonic acid ester compounds and liquid crystal composition containing the same
DE3669079D1 (de) * 1985-07-10 1990-03-29 Hitachi Ltd Ferroelektrisches fluessigkristallelement und verfahren zu dessen herstellung.
JPS6232424A (ja) * 1985-08-05 1987-02-12 Canon Inc 液晶装置
US4798680A (en) * 1985-10-18 1989-01-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optically active compound, process for producing same and liquid crystal composition containing same
JPS62112128A (ja) * 1985-11-11 1987-05-23 Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd 液晶装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5099344A (en) 1992-03-24
ES2080046T3 (es) 1996-02-01
EP0294852B1 (de) 1995-12-06
EP0294852A3 (de) 1991-03-06
ATE131290T1 (de) 1995-12-15
DE3854751D1 (de) 1996-01-18
EP0294852A2 (de) 1988-12-14

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