DE3524604C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3524604C2 DE3524604C2 DE3524604A DE3524604A DE3524604C2 DE 3524604 C2 DE3524604 C2 DE 3524604C2 DE 3524604 A DE3524604 A DE 3524604A DE 3524604 A DE3524604 A DE 3524604A DE 3524604 C2 DE3524604 C2 DE 3524604C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- electrode substrate
- mixture
- oxygen
- cathode
- power connection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 Hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
- C25B11/044—Impregnation of carbon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP14330184A JPS6123780A (ja) | 1984-07-12 | 1984-07-12 | 塩化アルカリ電解用酸素陰極及びその製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3524604A1 DE3524604A1 (de) | 1986-01-16 |
DE3524604C2 true DE3524604C2 (en, 2012) | 1988-04-14 |
Family
ID=15335568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853524604 Granted DE3524604A1 (de) | 1984-07-12 | 1985-07-10 | Sauerstoffkathode und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4675094A (en, 2012) |
JP (1) | JPS6123780A (en, 2012) |
CA (1) | CA1273897A (en, 2012) |
DE (1) | DE3524604A1 (en, 2012) |
FR (1) | FR2567543B1 (en, 2012) |
GB (1) | GB2161833B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4643956A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1987-02-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Coke filled separator plate for electrochemical cells |
US4564427A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-01-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Circulating electrolyte electrochemical cell having gas depolarized cathode with hydrophobic barrier layer |
US4794043A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1988-12-27 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Carbon product comprising carbonaceous materials joined together, said carbon product for electrode substrate of fuel cells and process for production thereof |
JPS63230894A (ja) * | 1987-03-19 | 1988-09-27 | Kamioka Kogyo Kk | 電解用陰極材及びその製造方法 |
US4927514A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-05-22 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Platinum black air cathode, method of operating same, and layered gas diffusion electrode of improved inter-layer bonding |
US5047133A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1991-09-10 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Gas electrode assembly for use in electrochemical cells and method |
GB2362533A (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-21 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Encoding a video signal with an indicator of the type of error concealment used |
US6291882B1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-09-18 | Siliconware Precision Industries Co., Letd. | Packaging process and structure of electronic device |
US7043967B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2006-05-16 | University Of Dayton | Sensor device for monitoring the condition of a fluid and a method of using the same |
US6830595B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-12-14 | Advanced Energy Technology Inc. | Method of making composite electrode and current collectors |
FR2940857B1 (fr) * | 2009-01-07 | 2011-02-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication d'un electrolyseur haute temperature ou d'une pile a combustible haute temperature comprenant un empilement de cellules elementaires |
CN102770586B (zh) | 2010-02-22 | 2015-12-16 | 培尔梅烈克电极股份有限公司 | 氧气扩散阴极,采用该氧气扩散阴极的电解槽,生产氯气的方法和生产氢氧化钠的方法 |
KR102126597B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-09 | 2020-06-25 | 옥시너지 엘티디 | 전극 조립체 및 그 제공 방법 |
US10689301B2 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2020-06-23 | Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. | Method of making a porous fuel cell component |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE63474C (de) * | V. Graumüller und Gebrüder Harnisch in Gera, Reufs j. L | Spindelarretirung für Webschützen | ||
US3395049A (en) * | 1963-07-15 | 1968-07-30 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method of making a porous electrode |
US3413152A (en) * | 1965-07-30 | 1968-11-26 | Union Oil Co | Method of making carbonaceous fuel cell electrode |
US4278525A (en) * | 1978-04-24 | 1981-07-14 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Oxygen cathode for alkali-halide electrolysis cell |
US4350608A (en) * | 1978-04-24 | 1982-09-21 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Oxygen cathode for alkali-halide electrolysis and method of making same |
IT1111479B (it) * | 1978-06-20 | 1986-01-13 | Fiat Spa | Struttura composita porosa grafite resina di elettrodi per applicazione in sistemi elettrochimici |
US4294893A (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1981-10-13 | Centro Ricerche Fiat S.P.A. | Graphite-resin composite electrode structure, and a process for its manufacture |
US4219611A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1980-08-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell electrolyte reservoir layer and method for making |
GB2075060B (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1984-02-08 | Sklyariv A T | Electrode for elctrochemical processes and process for producing same |
US4330704A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1982-05-18 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices comprising conductive polymers |
US4456521A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1984-06-26 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Three layer laminate |
US4518705A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1985-05-21 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Three layer laminate |
KR830007884A (ko) * | 1980-10-31 | 1983-11-07 | 앤 시이 헤릭크 | 삼층으로 적층된 메트릭스 전극 |
US4426340A (en) * | 1981-09-29 | 1984-01-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for fabricating ribbed electrode substrates and other articles |
US4414092A (en) * | 1982-04-15 | 1983-11-08 | Lu Wen Tong P | Sandwich-type electrode |
JPS5937662A (ja) * | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-01 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 二層構造のモノポーラ型燃料電池用電極基板の製造方法 |
JPS5946763A (ja) * | 1982-09-10 | 1984-03-16 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | 二層構造のモノポーラ型燃料電池用電極基板の製造方法 |
GB2128395B (en) * | 1982-10-01 | 1986-01-08 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Fuel cell electrode substrate having elongated holes for feeding reactant gases |
-
1984
- 1984-07-12 JP JP14330184A patent/JPS6123780A/ja active Pending
-
1985
- 1985-07-03 US US06/751,525 patent/US4675094A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-07-04 CA CA000486286A patent/CA1273897A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-07-05 GB GB08517034A patent/GB2161833B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-07-10 DE DE19853524604 patent/DE3524604A1/de active Granted
- 1985-07-11 FR FR858510655A patent/FR2567543B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1986
- 1986-01-10 US US06/817,541 patent/US4744879A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2567543A1 (fr) | 1986-01-17 |
GB8517034D0 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
FR2567543B1 (fr) | 1990-07-27 |
US4744879A (en) | 1988-05-17 |
JPS6123780A (ja) | 1986-02-01 |
US4675094A (en) | 1987-06-23 |
DE3524604A1 (de) | 1986-01-16 |
GB2161833A (en) | 1986-01-22 |
CA1273897A (en) | 1990-09-11 |
GB2161833B (en) | 1988-01-27 |
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