DE2617569A1 - Herstellung von eisenoxidschwarzpigmenten durch oxydation von metallischem eisen mit sauerstoff-haltigen gasen - Google Patents
Herstellung von eisenoxidschwarzpigmenten durch oxydation von metallischem eisen mit sauerstoff-haltigen gasenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2617569A1 DE2617569A1 DE19762617569 DE2617569A DE2617569A1 DE 2617569 A1 DE2617569 A1 DE 2617569A1 DE 19762617569 DE19762617569 DE 19762617569 DE 2617569 A DE2617569 A DE 2617569A DE 2617569 A1 DE2617569 A1 DE 2617569A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- iron oxide
- pigment
- finely divided
- nuclei
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 109
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002588 FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 salt transition metal Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 12
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001034 iron oxide pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017135 Fe—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010915 one-step procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001054 red pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/08—Ferroso-ferric oxide [Fe3O4]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Priority Applications (16)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762617569 DE2617569A1 (de) | 1976-04-22 | 1976-04-22 | Herstellung von eisenoxidschwarzpigmenten durch oxydation von metallischem eisen mit sauerstoff-haltigen gasen |
| NO771113A NO146099C (no) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-03-29 | Fremgangsmaate til fremstilling av fe304-sortpigmenter ved oksydasjon av metallisk jern med oksygenholdige gasser |
| AU24248/77A AU507545B2 (en) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-14 | Preparing black iron oxide pigments |
| US05/787,729 US4123501A (en) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-14 | Oxidation of metallic iron to black oxide pigments |
| GB16192/77A GB1531387A (en) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-19 | Preparation of iron oxide black pigments |
| JP52044617A JPS5829258B2 (ja) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-20 | 金属鉄を酸素含有ガスで酸化することによる鉄酸化物黒色顔料の製造法 |
| FI771253A FI63435C (fi) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-20 | Framstaellning av jaernoxidsvartpigment genom oxidering av metalliskt jaern med syrehaltiga gaser |
| IT49026/77A IT1086800B (it) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-20 | Procedimento per produrre pigmenti neri di ossido di ferro |
| CA276,601A CA1096585A (en) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-20 | Oxidation of metallic iron to black oxide pigments |
| NL7704323A NL7704323A (nl) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-20 | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van zwarte pigmen- ten op basis van ijzeroxyde door oxydatie van metalliek ijzer met zuurstof bevattende gassen. |
| BR7702498A BR7702498A (pt) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-20 | Processo para a preparacao de pigmentos negros |
| ZA00772418A ZA772418B (en) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-21 | Preparation of iron oxide black pigments by oxidation of metallic iron with oxygen-containing gases |
| ES458014A ES458014A1 (es) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-21 | Procedimiento para la produccion de pigmentos negros. |
| BE2055851A BE853825A (fr) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-22 | Procede de preparation d'oxydes de fer pigmentaires noirs |
| AR267321A AR210224A1 (es) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-22 | Produccion de pigmentos negros de oxido de hierro por oxidacion de hierro metalico con gases que contienen oxigeno |
| FR7712292A FR2348954A1 (fr) | 1976-04-22 | 1977-04-22 | Procede de preparation d'oxydes de fer pigmentaires noirs par oxydation du fer metallique a l'aide de gaz contenant de l'oxygene |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762617569 DE2617569A1 (de) | 1976-04-22 | 1976-04-22 | Herstellung von eisenoxidschwarzpigmenten durch oxydation von metallischem eisen mit sauerstoff-haltigen gasen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2617569A1 true DE2617569A1 (de) | 1977-11-03 |
Family
ID=5975923
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762617569 Withdrawn DE2617569A1 (de) | 1976-04-22 | 1976-04-22 | Herstellung von eisenoxidschwarzpigmenten durch oxydation von metallischem eisen mit sauerstoff-haltigen gasen |
Country Status (16)
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3209469A1 (de) * | 1981-03-19 | 1982-09-30 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von eisenoxidschwarz-pigmenten mit verbesserter saeurebestaendigkeit und deren verwendung |
| EP0188765A2 (de) * | 1985-01-09 | 1986-07-30 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von isometrischen magnetischen Eisenoxidpigmenten |
| EP0347681A2 (de) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-12-27 | Bayer Ag | Hitzestabile Eisenoxidschwarz-Pigmente, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
| CN110316765A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-11 | 浙江华源颜料股份有限公司 | 一种低粘度氧化铁黑颜料的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4382822A (en) * | 1979-09-14 | 1983-05-10 | Pfizer Inc. | Synthetic rhombohedral magnetite pigment |
| JPS59102824A (ja) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-14 | Dowa Teppun Kogyo Kk | 黒色酸化鉄粉の製造方法 |
| DE3440911C2 (de) * | 1984-11-09 | 1997-08-21 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung plättchenförmiger Eisenoxidpigmente |
| DE3518093A1 (de) * | 1985-05-21 | 1986-11-27 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von schwarzpigmenten auf eisenbasis |
| US4835072A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1989-05-30 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Apparatus employing an aqueous solution |
| US4670357A (en) * | 1985-06-17 | 1987-06-02 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Fuel cell powerplant employing an aqueous solution |
| US4923767A (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1990-05-08 | International Fuel Cells | Fuel cell power plants employing an aqueous solution |
| DE3734342C1 (de) * | 1987-10-10 | 1989-03-30 | Bayer Ag | Feinteilige Eisenoxidschwarzpigmente,Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
| WO1994018276A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-18 | Corveagh Limited | Colouring pigment and method of manufacture |
| CN102139927B (zh) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-07-11 | 升华集团德清华源颜料有限公司 | 高纯氧化铁黑颜料及其生产方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1368748A (en) * | 1920-01-05 | 1921-02-15 | Nat Ferrite Company | Process of manufacturing iron compounds and product |
| US1888464A (en) * | 1928-09-27 | 1932-11-22 | Emil M Lofland | Manufacture of pigments |
| US2045807A (en) * | 1933-11-02 | 1936-06-30 | Arthur L Smyly | Oxidation of iron |
| US2133267A (en) * | 1934-01-24 | 1938-10-18 | C K Williams & Co | Black oxide of iron and process for making the same |
| GB469210A (en) * | 1936-07-07 | 1937-07-21 | Arthur Leopold Smyly | Improvements in the process of forming iron oxide |
| FR876962A (fr) * | 1940-11-23 | 1942-11-24 | Titan Co As | Procédé de production d'oxydes de fer |
| US2811421A (en) * | 1947-04-10 | 1957-10-29 | John E Munn | Conversion of metals into metal oxides and hydroxides |
| US2937927A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1960-05-24 | C K Williams & Co | Production of red oxide of iron pigments |
| FR1487031A (fr) * | 1966-07-19 | 1967-06-30 | Pfizer & Co C | Perfectionnements aux procédés pour la production d'oxydes ferriques et de leurs hydrates |
| NL6904796A (US07582779-20090901-C00044.png) * | 1969-03-28 | 1970-09-30 | ||
| BE759753A (fr) * | 1969-12-02 | 1971-06-02 | Bayer Ag | Procede de preparation de concentres de dioxyde de titane a partir d'ilmenite |
| DE2029300C3 (de) * | 1970-06-13 | 1979-04-12 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenoxid- und Eisenoxidhydratpigmenten |
| IT1008298B (it) * | 1974-02-25 | 1976-11-10 | Montedison Spa | Metodo per ottenere magnetite a granulometria controllata a partire da soluzioni di solfato ferroso |
-
1976
- 1976-04-22 DE DE19762617569 patent/DE2617569A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1977
- 1977-03-29 NO NO771113A patent/NO146099C/no unknown
- 1977-04-14 US US05/787,729 patent/US4123501A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-04-14 AU AU24248/77A patent/AU507545B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-19 GB GB16192/77A patent/GB1531387A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-20 JP JP52044617A patent/JPS5829258B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1977-04-20 IT IT49026/77A patent/IT1086800B/it active
- 1977-04-20 CA CA276,601A patent/CA1096585A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-20 NL NL7704323A patent/NL7704323A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-04-20 BR BR7702498A patent/BR7702498A/pt unknown
- 1977-04-20 FI FI771253A patent/FI63435C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-04-21 ES ES458014A patent/ES458014A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-04-21 ZA ZA00772418A patent/ZA772418B/xx unknown
- 1977-04-22 AR AR267321A patent/AR210224A1/es active
- 1977-04-22 FR FR7712292A patent/FR2348954A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-04-22 BE BE2055851A patent/BE853825A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3209469A1 (de) * | 1981-03-19 | 1982-09-30 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung von eisenoxidschwarz-pigmenten mit verbesserter saeurebestaendigkeit und deren verwendung |
| EP0188765A2 (de) * | 1985-01-09 | 1986-07-30 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von isometrischen magnetischen Eisenoxidpigmenten |
| EP0188765A3 (en) * | 1985-01-09 | 1988-11-17 | Bayer Ag | Method for the preparation of isometric magnetic iron oxide pigments |
| EP0347681A2 (de) * | 1988-06-24 | 1989-12-27 | Bayer Ag | Hitzestabile Eisenoxidschwarz-Pigmente, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
| EP0347681A3 (de) * | 1988-06-24 | 1991-04-10 | Bayer Ag | Hitzestabile Eisenoxidschwarz-Pigmente, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
| CN110316765A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-11 | 浙江华源颜料股份有限公司 | 一种低粘度氧化铁黑颜料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1531387A (en) | 1978-11-08 |
| AU2424877A (en) | 1978-10-19 |
| JPS5829258B2 (ja) | 1983-06-21 |
| NO146099B (no) | 1982-04-19 |
| FI63435B (fi) | 1983-02-28 |
| NL7704323A (nl) | 1977-10-25 |
| US4123501A (en) | 1978-10-31 |
| NO771113L (no) | 1977-10-25 |
| CA1096585A (en) | 1981-03-03 |
| ES458014A1 (es) | 1978-03-16 |
| BE853825A (fr) | 1977-10-24 |
| JPS52129699A (en) | 1977-10-31 |
| NO146099C (no) | 1982-07-28 |
| AR210224A1 (es) | 1977-06-30 |
| BR7702498A (pt) | 1978-05-09 |
| FR2348954A1 (fr) | 1977-11-18 |
| FI63435C (fi) | 1983-06-10 |
| AU507545B2 (en) | 1980-02-21 |
| IT1086800B (it) | 1985-05-31 |
| ZA772418B (en) | 1978-03-29 |
| FR2348954B1 (US07582779-20090901-C00044.png) | 1982-07-16 |
| FI771253A (US07582779-20090901-C00044.png) | 1977-10-23 |
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