DE2205560C3 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von blasenfreiem und OH-freiem Quarzglas und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Herstellen von blasenfreiem und OH-freiem Quarzglas und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des VerfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- DE2205560C3 DE2205560C3 DE2205560A DE2205560A DE2205560C3 DE 2205560 C3 DE2205560 C3 DE 2205560C3 DE 2205560 A DE2205560 A DE 2205560A DE 2205560 A DE2205560 A DE 2205560A DE 2205560 C3 DE2205560 C3 DE 2205560C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- rock crystal
- crystal grains
- glass
- free
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011034 rock crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960002668 sodium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/02—Pretreated ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
- C03C2201/50—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals
- C03C2201/54—Doped silica-based glasses containing metals containing beryllium, magnesium or alkaline earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2203/00—Production processes
- C03C2203/10—Melting processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S65/00—Glass manufacturing
- Y10S65/90—Drying, dehydration, minimizing oh groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2205560A DE2205560C3 (de) | 1972-02-07 | 1972-02-07 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von blasenfreiem und OH-freiem Quarzglas und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US00316312A US3850602A (en) | 1972-02-07 | 1972-12-18 | Salt vapor atmosphere treatment of quartz crystal granules |
| JP47127743A JPS4896614A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1972-02-07 | 1972-12-21 | |
| NL7301171A NL7301171A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1972-02-07 | 1973-01-26 | |
| CH166173A CH583664A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1972-02-07 | 1973-02-06 | |
| GB609073A GB1410142A (en) | 1972-02-07 | 1973-02-07 | Method of producing bubble-free and oh-group free transparent fused silica and apparatus for putting the method into effect |
| FR7304367A FR2171271B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1972-02-07 | 1973-02-07 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2205560A DE2205560C3 (de) | 1972-02-07 | 1972-02-07 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von blasenfreiem und OH-freiem Quarzglas und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2205560A1 DE2205560A1 (de) | 1973-09-20 |
| DE2205560B2 DE2205560B2 (de) | 1974-04-04 |
| DE2205560C3 true DE2205560C3 (de) | 1974-11-07 |
Family
ID=5835179
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2205560A Expired DE2205560C3 (de) | 1972-02-07 | 1972-02-07 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von blasenfreiem und OH-freiem Quarzglas und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Country Status (7)
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2134050A (en) * | 1937-02-27 | 1938-10-25 | Warren C Kimbrough | Gas trap |
| US3972704A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1976-08-03 | Sherwood Refractories, Inc. | Apparatus for making vitreous silica receptacles |
| US3933454A (en) * | 1974-04-22 | 1976-01-20 | Corning Glass Works | Method of making optical waveguides |
| US4017289A (en) * | 1976-04-26 | 1977-04-12 | Corning Glass Works | Opal glasses prepared through clay vitrification |
| NL7903842A (nl) * | 1979-05-16 | 1980-11-18 | Philips Nv | Werkwijze voor het bereiden van gedoteerd kwartsglas en daaruit vervaardigde voorwerpen. |
| NL8000298A (nl) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-08-17 | Philips Nv | Lamp voorzien van een lampvat uit kwartsglas, kwartsglas en werkwijze voor het bereiden van kwartsglas. |
| JPH0761852B2 (ja) * | 1987-03-23 | 1995-07-05 | 日東化学工業株式会社 | 非焼結クリストバライト化シリカの製造方法 |
| US5824127A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-10-20 | Corning Incorporated | Arsenic-free glasses |
| US5785726A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-07-28 | Corning Incorporated | Method of reducing bubbles at the vessel/glass interface in a glass manufacturing system |
| US6887576B2 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2005-05-03 | Herseus Quarzglas GmbH & Co. KG | Quartz glass body having improved resistance against plasma corrosion, and method for production thereof |
| US20170121217A1 (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-04 | Unimin Corporation | Purified quartz powder modified for cladding optic fiber cable |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE562396A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1956-11-19 | |||
| NL108978C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1960-06-27 | |||
| US3459522A (en) * | 1963-07-08 | 1969-08-05 | Corning Glass Works | Method of treating a porous,high silica content glass |
| US3338694A (en) * | 1965-02-26 | 1967-08-29 | John R Davy | Manufacture calcium aluminate optical glass |
| US3531306A (en) * | 1966-12-29 | 1970-09-29 | Corning Glass Works | Method of making infrared transmitting silicate glasses |
| US3531305A (en) * | 1967-03-06 | 1970-09-29 | Corning Glass Works | Method of making infrared transmitting germanate glasses |
-
1972
- 1972-02-07 DE DE2205560A patent/DE2205560C3/de not_active Expired
- 1972-12-18 US US00316312A patent/US3850602A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-12-21 JP JP47127743A patent/JPS4896614A/ja active Pending
-
1973
- 1973-01-26 NL NL7301171A patent/NL7301171A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1973-02-06 CH CH166173A patent/CH583664A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-02-07 FR FR7304367A patent/FR2171271B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-02-07 GB GB609073A patent/GB1410142A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL7301171A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1973-08-09 |
| CH583664A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1977-01-14 |
| US3850602A (en) | 1974-11-26 |
| FR2171271A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1973-09-21 |
| GB1410142A (en) | 1975-10-15 |
| DE2205560B2 (de) | 1974-04-04 |
| FR2171271B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1976-09-10 |
| DE2205560A1 (de) | 1973-09-20 |
| JPS4896614A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1973-12-10 |
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