DE202020104553U1 - Component - Google Patents

Abstract

Construction element which is designed to form at least part of the lateral or lower boundary of a window or door opening (F) provided in a wall, characterized in that - the construction element (2, 3) is a molded part ( 20, 30), in which at least one recess (201, 202, 203, 301, 302) filled with a second material is formed, the second material having greater mechanical strength than the first material, and the first material being better Has thermal insulation properties than the second material, and that the at least one recess is arranged within the molded part such that fastening means (7) which can be used to fasten the window or door frame (5) extend into the filled recess when used as intended.

Description

The present invention relates to a component according to the preamble of claim 1.

Components of this type are in particular those components which form at least part of a reveal or a parapet of a window opening or a reveal or a door sill of a door opening.

For the sake of completeness and to avoid misunderstandings, it should be noted that the reveal is the vertical surface in a brickwork that forms the inner wall surface facing the opening at window and door openings. The lower horizontal boundary of the wall opening is the door threshold for doors and the parapet for windows. The upper horizontal boundary of the wall opening is formed by a so-called lintel or a roller shutter box.

In the case of a wall consisting of bricks, for example aerated concrete blocks, pumice stones, bricks, clay bricks, etc., the soffit and the parapet of window openings and the soffit of door openings are normally formed by the bricks used for the rest of the wall. However, these bricks, especially bricks, are not well suited for this.

The known masonry bricks have been further developed for many years in such a way that they have the lowest possible thermal conductivity, which, however, is known to affect the mechanical strength of the masonry bricks. This is due to the fact that modern bricks are vertically perforated bricks with a particularly large number and / or particularly large vertical holes, particularly narrow webs / side walls and particularly low bulk density. If you want to attach a window or door frame to such a brick, the screws or dowels / anchors used for this do not find a sufficiently firm hold in the brick. Even drilling the holes to be provided in the brick is problematic, because even here the side walls / webs of the brick can break. And even if the installation of the window or door frame was successful without serious damage to the brick, the window or door frame is not held firmly enough in the wall opening. Due to the ever-increasing window areas and the ever more complex glazing (multiple glazing, anti-fall glazing, burglar-proof glazing, soundproof glazing, etc.), ever greater forces act on the window or door frame and thus also on the brick. When opening and closing the windows or doors, wind, impact of objects against the windows or doors, attempted break-ins, etc., considerable additional forces act on the frame and the wall bricks.

The bricks currently in use cannot withstand these forces acting on them, at least not permanently and safely. To solve this problem, special reveal or parapet bricks can be used, which are at least locally reinforced and have a correspondingly higher mechanical strength. However, such special bricks usually have an increased thermal conductivity, so that a thermal weak point arises there in the building envelope, which has to be compensated for in some other way.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of developing the component according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that it has a higher mechanical strength and, at the same time, excellent thermal insulation properties.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the component claimed in claim 1.

The composition of the component according to the invention from a mechanically particularly stable material and a particularly good heat-insulating material makes it possible for the component to be stable enough to attach a window or door frame to it, and at the same time to be so well-insulated that no thermal bridge is created there .

If concrete is used as the second material, the molded part consisting of the first material can also be used as formwork, more precisely as a so-called permanent formwork that remains in the building.

Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims, the following description, and the figures.

• 1 eine eine Fensteröffnung enthaltende Mauer, in welcher die im Folgenden näher beschriebenen Bauelemente gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform bestimmungsgemäß integriert sind (Ansicht aus dem Gebäude-Inneren),
• 2 die in der 1 gezeigte Mauer mit in die Fensteröffnung eingesetztem Fensterrahmen (Ansicht von außen),
• 3 eine eine Fensteröffnung enthaltende Mauer, in welcher die im Folgenden näher beschriebenen Bauelemente gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform bestimmungsgemäß integriert sind (Ansicht von außen),
• 4A eines der in der 1 im eingebauten Zustand gezeigten Bauelemente, genauer gesagt ein die Laibung der Fensteröffnung bildendes Laibungselement gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel (mit Darstellung der dem Fensterrahmen zugewandten Seite desselben),
• 4B eine Ansicht des in der 4A gezeigten Laibungselements von der gegenüberliegenden Seite (mit Darstellung der vom Fensterrahmen abgewandten Seite desselben),
• 5 eine Draufsicht auf das in die Mauer integrierte Laibungselement von oben, mit einem nach einer ersten Befestigungsmethode daran befestigten Fensterrahmen,
• 6 eine Draufsicht auf das in die Mauer integrierte Laibungselement von oben, mit einem nach einer zweiten Befestigungsmethode daran befestigten Fensterrahmen,
• 7 eine Draufsicht auf das in die Mauer integrierte Laibungselement von oben, mit einem nach einer dritten Befestigungsmethode daran befestigten Fensterrahmen,
• 8 eine Draufsicht auf das in die Mauer integrierte Laibungselement von oben, mit einem nach einer vierten Befestigungsmethode daran befestigten Fensterrahmen,
• 9 die Anordnung gemäß 8, wobei am Laibungselement zusätzlich ein außen vor dem Fenster zu liegen kommendes Geländer befestigt ist,
• 10 das andere der in der 1 im eingebauten Zustand gezeigten Bauelemente, genauer gesagt ein die Brüstung der Fensteröffnung bildendes Brüstungselement, und
• 11 eine Seitenansicht des in die Mauer integrierten Brüstungselements, mit einem nach einer ersten Befestigungsmethode daran befestigten Fensterrahmen,

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures. Show it

• 1 a wall containing a window opening in which the structural elements described in more detail below are integrated as intended according to a first embodiment (view from the inside of the building),
• 2 those in the 1 Wall shown with window frame inserted into the window opening (view from outside),
• 3 a wall containing a window opening in which the structural elements described in more detail below are integrated as intended according to a second embodiment (view from the outside),
• 4A one of the in the 1 components shown in the installed state, more precisely a reveal element forming the reveal of the window opening according to a first exemplary embodiment (with representation of the side thereof facing the window frame),
• 4B a view of the in the 4A The reveal element shown from the opposite side (showing the side facing away from the window frame),
• 5 a top view of the soffit element integrated into the wall from above, with a window frame attached to it according to a first fastening method,
• 6th a plan view of the soffit element integrated into the wall from above, with a window frame attached to it by a second fastening method,
• 7th a top view of the soffit element integrated into the wall from above, with a window frame attached to it by a third fastening method,
• 8th a top view of the soffit element integrated into the wall from above, with a window frame attached to it according to a fourth fastening method,
• 9 the arrangement according to 8th with a railing attached to the soffit element to lie outside the window,
• 10 the other one in the 1 components shown in the installed state, more precisely a parapet element forming the parapet of the window opening, and
• 11 a side view of the parapet element integrated into the wall, with a window frame attached to it according to a first fastening method,

The components described in more detail below are designed to form at least part of the lateral or lower boundary of a window or door opening provided in a wall. More precisely, the structural elements form at least those sections of the reveal, parapet, or door sill to which the window or door frame to be inserted into the wall or door opening is to be fastened when properly installed.

The components are designed so that conventional window or door frames can be attached to them in a conventional manner, and are integrated into the wall in such a way that they come to lie at the relevant points.

An example of how the components presented here can be integrated into a wall is in the 1 to 3 illustrated. The 1 shows a wall containing a window opening in which the components described in more detail below are integrated as intended.

With the reference number GD is a floor of the building. On the floor GD is a (not yet completed) vertical wall M. erected that of masonry bricks 1 as well as the components presented here 2 , 3 is composed. The wall M. forms the outer wall of a building in the considered, but could in principle also be any other wall. In the wall M. is a window opening F. provided in which a window is to be inserted later.

The bricks 1 are clay tiles in the example under consideration, for example vertically perforated tiles. However, it could also be any other masonry building blocks for the production of walls. The bricks 1 are arranged in a brick composite. As usual, the brick composite consists of several brick rows arranged on top of each other, the bricks of which are selected and arranged in such a way that the vertical joints between laterally adjacent bricks of a respective brick row are laterally offset to the vertical joints of the brick row below or above come to rest.

The components 2 , 3 are reveal elements 2 and parapet elements 3 .

• - dass die Laibungen L der Fensteröffnung F ausschließlich durch die Laibungselemente 2 gebildet werden,
• - dass die Laibungselemente 2 ausschließlich zur Bildung der Laibung L verwendet werden,
• - dass die Brüstung B der Fensteröffnung F ausschließlich durch das Brüstungselement 3 gebildet wird,
• - dass das Brüstungselement 3 ausschließlich zur Bildung der B verwendet wird,
• - dass die Mauerziegel 1 nicht zur Bildung von Laibung L und/oder Brüstung B verwendet werden, und
• - dass die nicht die Laibung L und die Brüstung B bildenden Teile der Mauer M ausschließlich durch die Mauerziegel 1 gebildet werden.

The reveal elements 2 are the reveal L. the window opening F. constituent elements, and the parapet elements 3 are the parapet B. the window opening forming components. More precisely it is like this

• - that the reveals L. the window opening F. exclusively through the reveal elements 2 be formed
• - that the reveal elements 2 exclusively for the formation of the reveal L. be used,
• - that the parapet B. the window opening F. exclusively through the parapet element 3 is formed
• - that the parapet 3 is used exclusively to form the B,
• - that the masonry bricks 1 not for the formation of the reveal L. and / or parapet B. be used, and
• - that it's not the reveal L. and the parapet B. forming parts of the wall M. exclusively through the brickwork 1 are formed.

The reveal elements 2 and the parapet 3 are formed by cuboid elements that directly adjoin the wall sections adjoining them without a gap. The wall sections on which the reveal elements 2 and the parapet 3 adjoining are mostly through the masonry bricks 1 formed wall sections. The reveal elements forming the left reveal 2 close to a brick wall on the right 1 existing wall section, the reveal elements forming the right reveal 2 close to a brick wall on the left 1 existing wall section, and the parapet forming the parapet 3 lies on a brick wall 1 existing wall section. The parapet element 3 also borders on the reveal elements 2 because it comes to rest between them.

The one in the 1 In the example shown, each reveal is made up of two reveal elements placed one on top of the other 2 formed, the height of each soffit element 2 is much greater than the height of the brick 1 . In the present case, the height of each reveal element is 2 four times the height of a brick 1 . However, there is no restriction to this. The number of soffit elements placed one above the other to form a soffit can also be greater than 2, and the entire soffit can of course also be formed by just a single soffit element. Also, the height of each reveal element does not have to be four times the height of a brick 1 but can also be as much higher or lower as desired, but the height is preferably an integral multiple of the height of a brick 1 , more precisely an integral multiple of the layer size of the brickwork 1 amounts.

The reveal elements 2 and the adjoining one, by masonry bricks 1 Wall sections formed are made using a mortar or adhesive, and additionally using wall connectors 4th connected with each other. This will be discussed in more detail later.

The one in the 3 The example shown have the reveal elements 2 a lower height. More precisely, these are just as tall as the masonry bricks 1 . Such reveal elements 2 can therefore like the masonry bricks 1 integrated into the brick composite already explained above and attached to one another using mortar or adhesive. An additional attachment using wall connectors or the like is not necessary due to the special bond between the masonry blocks.

Regardless of the design of the reveal elements 2 these have a thickness that corresponds to the wall thickness, i.e. equal to the thickness of the wall bricks 1 is.

The parapet element 3 in the present case extends over the entire width of the parapet B. so that only a single parapet element is required per window. In principle, it would also be possible, and in the case of very wide windows, possibly also necessary, for the parapet to be formed by several parapet elements arranged next to one another.

The parapet elements 3 have a thickness that corresponds to the wall thickness, i.e. equal to the thickness of the wall bricks 1 is.

The top of the window opening F. forms a roller shutter box in the example under consideration R. . However, a fall could also be provided there. In the case of floor-to-ceiling windows, the upper limit can also be formed by the floor ceiling.

As will be explained in more detail later, the components comprise 2 , 3 each a molded part made of a first material in which at least one recess filled with a second material is formed, the second material having greater mechanical strength than the first material, and the first material having better thermal insulation properties than the second material. The at least one recess is arranged within the molded part in such a way that fastening means which can be used to fasten the window or door frame extend into the filled recess when the same is used as intended.

• - im zweiten Werkstoff verankert werden können, ohne das Bauelement mehr als unbedingt notwendig zu beschädigen, und
• - durch den zweiten Werkstoff auch dann, wenn außergewöhnlich große Kräfte auf den Fenster- oder Türrahmen wirken, dauerhaft sicher in ihrer bestimmungsgemäßen Lage gehalten werden, und
• - allein durch ihre Verankerung im zweiten Werkstoff in ihrer bestimmungsgemäßen Lage gehalten werden und folglich eine Verankerung im zweiten Werkstoff ausreicht, um sie in ihrer bestimmungsgemäßen Lage zu halten.

At least the second material has such a high mechanical strength that the fastening means with which the window or door frames are fastened to the wall opening,

• - Can be anchored in the second material without damaging the component more than is absolutely necessary, and
• - by the second material, even if extraordinarily large forces act on the window or door frame, are permanently held securely in their intended position, and
• - be kept in their intended position solely by their anchoring in the second material and consequently an anchoring in the second material is sufficient to keep them in their intended position.

And at least the first material has such good thermal insulation properties that at the installation site of the relevant component 2 , 3 no thermal bridge is created.

In the example under consideration, the first material is a foamed plastic such as foamed polystyrene. However, other plastics, for example PU foam, or any other materials with good thermal insulation properties can also be used.

The second material in the example under consideration is concrete. However, any other material with high mechanical strength could also be used.

Like a window frame (frame) on the reveal elements 2 and on the parapet 3 attached is in the 2 clearly illustrated. The window frame 5 is from inside the building into the window opening F. , more precisely between the opposite reveal elements 2 , the parapet element 3 and the roller shutter box R. used. The reveal elements 2 and the parapet 3 can each have a stop, which will be described in more detail later. When the window frame 5 (or a device attached to the window frame such as a sealing tape) strikes against these stops (or on a device attached to the stops such as a sealing tape), it has reached its intended position and is attached to the reveal elements using screws 2 , the parapet element 3 and the roller shutter box R. attached. The provision of a stop on the reveal elements 2 and the parapet 3 however, it is an optional feature that does not need to be present. For example, in the 8th no stops are provided. The fastening of the window frame 5 In the example under consideration, the roller shutter box is different from the fastening to the reveal elements 2 and the parapet 3 and is not the subject of the present application. The fastening of the window frame 5 on the reveal elements 2 and on the parapet 3 will be described in more detail later.

In the 2 and 3 is also part of an outer window sill 6th drawn.

The 1 to 3 and the above description relates to the formation of a window opening in a wall. A door opening for the installation of a door, for example a balcony or patio door, or a house door can also be formed in an almost identical manner. The only difference is how the parapet is attached. While this is usually placed on an underlying part of the wall in the case of a window opening and attached to it, for example by means of an adhesive or mortar, it is placed on the ceiling or on the floor slab and attached to doors (and also with floor-to-ceiling windows).

Because of this correspondence, the further description relates primarily to a window opening provided in a wall. Unless something in the opposite direction is expressly mentioned, the statements apply accordingly to a door opening provided in a wall.

He will now first refer to the 4th to 9 the structure and use of the reveal elements 2 described.

The reveal element 2 in the example under consideration is essentially a molded part made of foamed polystyrene (first material) with a recess filled with concrete (second material). The molding 20th is in different views in the 4A and 4B shown. To avoid misunderstandings, it should be noted that the 4A and 4B Shown molding 20th the molding of the in the arrangement according to 1 used (high) reveal element 2 is.

The molding 20th is an essentially cuboid body that is completely covered by a vertical recess over its entire height (based on the installed state) 201 is run through. The vertical recess 201 has a substantially rectangular cross-section in the example under consideration, but could also have any other cross-section. In the present case, the corners of the cross-section are rounded to increase stability (no wedge effect due to sharp corners) and to improve thermal protection, but there is no restriction to this either. This recess 201 is designed to be filled with liquid concrete. Reinforcement means, for example reinforcing steel, are preferably placed in the recess before pouring 201 used. The molding 20th also serves as formwork when pouring. Because the molded part is also installed in the wall of the reveal element 2 (see for example 1 ) remains on it, it is a so-called permanent formwork. But the formwork is not really lost because it has excellent thermal insulation properties, and thus has an extremely advantageous and indispensable additional function. The hardening of the concrete creates a massive and heavy-duty column-shaped concrete core in the recess, to which even large loads can be permanently and securely fastened without the assembly problems mentioned at the beginning.

As already mentioned above, there are several reveal elements 2 can be placed on top of each other. The reveal elements 2 , more precisely the reveal elements 2 according to 1 are designed to be placed on top of one another without lateral offset, so that one of several reveal elements 2 composite reveal elements combination is cuboid. With reveal elements arranged one above the other 2 the positive effect is automatically set that the vertical recesses are aligned and the resulting concrete core is a cuboid column with a constant cross-section over the entire height, so that the window frame at any number of places and at any height on the concrete core of the reveal elements 2 can be attached. Reveal elements placed on top of one another 2 are connected to each other and to the adjacent wall section in their intended relative position, for example by mortar, adhesive, or in any other way before pouring.

The molded parts 20th point on their side facing away from the window frame, i.e. on their side through the brickwork 1 formed wall section facing side several holes arranged one above the other 202 which in the example under consideration run horizontally and have a circular cross-section, and which completely pass through the molded part wall containing these holes and into the vertical recess 201 flow out. These holes 202 are most evident in the 4B and 1 illustrated.

These holes 202 serve for the additional connection of the soffit elements already mentioned above 2 with the adjacent ones, through the brickwork 1 formed wall sections. The connection is made using the wall connectors already mentioned 4th . The holes 202 are designed to be used by the wall connectors 4th to be traversed.

Although the (horizontal) course of the holes 202 is currently considered optimal, there is no mandatory restriction. In particular, the holes 202 also run obliquely up or down or in any other way. They can also have a different, ie non-circular, cross section. In the example under consideration, the hole diameter is approx. 10 cm, but in principle it can also be any larger or smaller.

The wall connectors 4th are strip-shaped elements which, in the example under consideration, are made of metal, for example stainless steel, but can also be made of any other material.

The wall connectors 4th are arranged so that one of their ends is outside the reveal element 2 comes to rest. The wall connectors 4th run from outside the reveal element 2 about the holes 202 in the reveal element 2 and end in the example under consideration in the vertical recess 202 . You could already be in the hole 202 end up.

The one outside of the reveal element 2 The wall connector section that comes to lie is connected to the section adjacent to the reveal element through the brickwork 1 formed wall section connected.

In the example under consideration, this takes place in that the wall connector 4th is arranged in such a way that it comes to lie in a horizontal wall joint between rows of masonry bricks arranged one above the other. This is in the 1 illustrated. The wall connector shown there lies on the top row of masonry blocks of the wall that has been completed by then. When the next row of masonry blocks is applied, more precisely with the mortar or adhesive used, the wall connector becomes 4th automatically fixed in the wall joint between the two top rows of masonry blocks. The one outside of the reveal element 2 Wall connector section coming to lie could of course also be connected in any other way with a wall section adjoining the reveal element.

The one inside the reveal element 2 The section of the wall connector that comes to rest is inserted into the vertical recess 201 The concrete to be filled is connected to the reveal element. Preferably it comes inside the soffit element 2 The wall connector section coming to lie completely in the concrete. The holes 202 are designed so that this is possible. More precisely, are the holes 202 designed so that when pouring the vertical recess 202 with concrete, the concrete also gets into the holes and preferably completely fills the holes.

It is not absolutely necessary that the holes are made during the manufacture of the soffit element 2 be generated. It can also be provided during the manufacture of the reveal element 2 only preparatory work for hole making execute. For example, it can be provided that the cutting or drilling work required for hole production is not carried out completely, but only to the extent that the remaining work for hole production can be carried out on the construction site. For example, it could be provided that the holes are prepared to such an extent that only a thin or narrow layer of material is left from the reveal element by hand or with a tool to complete the hole production on the construction site 2 must be broken out, or that for making holes from the reveal element 2 Cut, cylindrical or any other shaped part remains in the hole and is only pushed out of the hole at the construction site.

As the pouring of the vertical recess 201 with concrete preferably only after the wall is pulled up to the top of the window opening and the moldings 20th of the reveal elements 2 are properly integrated into the wall, the holes are 202 when pouring the vertical recess 201 with concrete through the to the reveal elements 2 adjoining masonry bricks 1 sealed from the outside so that no concrete over the holes 202 can flow to the outside.

The holes 202 are arranged in such a way that they can be integrated into the reveal elements as intended 2 come to lie in the wall at the level of the horizontal wall joints between rows of masonry blocks arranged one above the other.

On the side of the molding 20th which of the first holes 201 Containing side is opposite, so on the window frame 5 In the example under consideration, the facing side of the molded part is a plurality of second holes arranged one above the other 203 provided, which in the example under consideration run horizontally and have a circular cross-section, and which completely pass through the molded part wall containing these holes and into the vertical recess 201 flow out. These second holes 203 are most evident in the 4A and 1 illustrated.

It should be noted at this point that these second holes 203 are optional. Whether or not these are actually provided depends on the window frame 5 on the reveal elements 2 is attached. This will be discussed in more detail later.

The second holes 203 can also have a non-circular cross-section. In the example under consideration, the hole diameter is approx. 10 cm, but in principle it can also be any larger or smaller.

When pouring the vertical recess 201 with liquid concrete, the concrete also gets into the second holes 203 so that these are also filled with concrete and the hardening of the concrete results in horizontal concrete extensions which completely fill the second holes and to which the window frame can be attached.

The number and positions of the second holes 203 are selected in such a way that a safe and correct window fastening is guaranteed.

As in particular from the 4A can be seen is that of the window frame 5 facing side of the reveal element 2 designed stepped. This stage creates the already mentioned stop 204 formed on which the window frame 5 when inserted into the window opening from the inside of the building strikes when it reaches its intended position.

The lower reveal elements 2 according to 3 are constructed almost identically to the higher reveal elements 2 according to 1 . They also show the vertical cutouts 201 corresponding vertical recesses that come to lie flush with one another and are to be poured with liquid concrete to form a concrete core. And they too can use the second holes 203 have corresponding holes to be filled with concrete in order to be able to attach the window frame to the lateral concrete extension thus formed. However, not all of the low reveal elements have to be 2 such a second hole 203 have, but for example only every second reveal element (see 3 ). Only the first holes 201 are at the lower reveal elements 2 not available because of the other integration of these reveal elements 2 an additional fastening in the wall using wall connectors 4th is not required.

Referring now to FIG 5 to 8th different ways of attaching a window frame 5 presented on the reveal element.

In the example under consideration, the fastening is carried out by screwing the window frame 5 on the reveal element 2 . In the present case, special concrete screws are used that can be processed by means of the so-called push-through assembly and screwed directly into a pre-drilled hole in the concrete without a dowel. These screws are denoted by the reference number in the figures 7th designated. Of course, the fastening could also be achieved by screwing a screw into a dowel or anchor previously placed in the concrete, or using a sieve sleeve fixed in the concrete, or take place in any other way. Any type of attachment of the window frame to the reveal element 2 however, the window frame is always attached to a component of the reveal element formed by concrete.

That in the arrangement according to 5 used reveal element 2 is that in the 4A and 4B soffit element shown and described above with reference thereto 2 . That is, in the 5 is shown how the window frame 5 on a reveal element 2 with second holes 203 , which are filled with the mentioned lateral concrete extension, is attached. In this case, the window frame is placed on the reveal element at a point above a concrete extension 2 screwed on. The window construction screw 7th runs through the window frame 5 and the hole 203 filling the concrete extension and extends into the vertical recess 201 filling concrete core into it.

That in the arrangement according to 6th used reveal element 2 also has a roughly the second hole 203 corresponding hole, but this hole is not filled with concrete, so does not contain a concrete extension filling the hole. Before screwing on the window frame 5 on the reveal element 2 a pressure piece filling the hole is inserted into the hole 8th used. The pressure piece 8th is a non-compressible body, which consists for example of polyamide, but can also consist of any other pressure-resistant material. The window frame 5 is attached to one above the pressure piece 8th lying point on the reveal element 2 screwed on. The window construction screw 7th passes through the window frame 5 and the pressure piece 8th and extends into the vertical recess 201 filling concrete core into it. That when pouring the reveal element 2 with liquid concrete no concrete in the pressure piece 8th receiving hole can be achieved by opening the hole only after the vertical recess has been poured out 201 with liquid concrete and the hardening of the liquid concrete from the molded part 20th is cut out. Alternatively, it can be provided that the hole is made before the reveal element is poured 2 cut out with liquid concrete, but before pouring with liquid concrete by inserting the pressure piece 8th to close again.

That in the arrangement according to 7th used reveal element 2 has no second hole 203 or a hole corresponding to this. The window construction screw 7th passes through the window frame 5 and the molding 20th and extends into the vertical recess 201 filling concrete core into it.

That in the arrangement according to 8th used reveal element 2 corresponds to that in the 5 used reveal element 2 . However, there is the second hole 203 at another point. So that the window frame in the assembled state still comes to lie in the same place as in the arrangement according to 5 is the case, the window frame is mounted on the reveal element 2 using a tab 10 whose one end to the window frame 5 connected, and the other end through the screw 7th on the reveal element 2 is screwed on (bracket mounting). The screw 7th passes through the flap 7th and the hole 203 filling the concrete extension and extends into the vertical recess 201 filling concrete core into it. Through the flap 9 the window frame can therefore be removed from the second hole 203 or away from the usual fastening position on the reveal element 2 come to rest. This results in more freedom during assembly. As already mentioned above, the arrangement according to FIG 8th used reveal element 2 no stop 204 or the like, so that the position of the window frame 5 is still freely selectable within the window opening and is no longer subject to restrictions. The bracket mounting also has a second major advantage. It has an offset of the fastening area and thus also of the screw 7th inwardly causing the screw 7th comes to lie within the space containing the window. Since there are considerably higher temperatures there than directly on the window frame, at least when the outside temperature is lower, neither can the screw 7th still through the hole 203 filling concrete extension / pressure piece 8th a thermal bridge which deteriorates the thermal insulation is created. The assembly of the window frame 5 using a tab can also be used in the 5 , 6th and 7th fastening options shown and described with reference thereto, so that the position of the window frame and the point at which the window frame is fastened to the soffit element can also be selected independently of one another.

The 9 shows the arrangement according to 8th , but here additionally a railing that comes to lie on the outside of the building or some other fall protection, or a burglar-proof grille, or some other object 10 on the reveal element 2 is attached. the railing is on another side of the reveal element 2 attached as the window frame 5 . More precisely is the railing 10 on the side of the reveal element forming the outside of the building 2 attached. The assembly of the railing 10 takes place using several threaded rods 14th . From the threaded rods 14th is an end in one Sieve sleeve 13 fixed by means of an injection mortar in which the vertical recess 201 filling concrete core is anchored. The opposite other end of the threaded rods 14th protrudes from the molding 20th out. The area of the threaded rods in between 14th runs through the concrete core and through the molded part 20th through. About the from the molding 20th protruding ends of the threaded rods 14th becomes one on the railing 10 attached mounting plate 11 pushed and through cap nuts screwed onto the threaded rod ends 16 attached to it. Between the mounting plate 11 and the molding 20th is still a pressure plate 12 provided, which also has the threaded rods 14th is postponed. On the side of the pressure plate 12 by the mounting plate 11 facing away, are on the threaded rods 14th screwed lock nuts 15th . The lock nuts 15th are so far on the threaded rods 14th turned up that the pressure plate 12 when striking the same on the lock nuts 15th is in its intended position and not further in the direction of the reveal element 2 can be moved. The lock nuts 15th thus act as spacers. The described assembly of the railing 10 is only to be understood as an example. It should be obvious and does not require any further explanation that a large number of other options for attaching the railing to the reveal element 2 exists and that any other objects as described or similar on the reveal element 2 are attachable.

At the in the 9 The arrangement shown is one of the arrangement shown by the tab 9 achievable advantages. Through the flap 9 ensures that the screw 7th and the perforated sleeves 13 / Threaded rods 14th and thus the associated bores in the concrete core also have a sufficiently large mutual distance and cannot hinder or otherwise negatively influence one another.

It will now be made with reference to the 10 and 11 the construction and use of the parapet element 3 described.

The parapet element 3 in the example under consideration is essentially a molded part made of foamed polystyrene (first material) 30th with a recess filled with concrete (second material) 301 .

The molding 30th is an essentially cuboid body with a horizontal recess on its underside that extends over its entire width (in relation to the installed state) 301 having. The horizontal recess 301 has a substantially rectangular cross-section in the example under consideration, but could also have any other cross-section. In the present case, the corners of the cross-section are rounded to increase stability (no wedge effect due to sharp corners) and to improve thermal protection, but there is no restriction to this either. This recess 301 is designed to be filled with liquid concrete. Reinforcement means, for example reinforcing steel, are preferably placed in the recess before pouring 301 used. The molding 30th is turned upside down for pouring with concrete and also serves as formwork when pouring. Since the molded part is also installed in the wall of the parapet element 3 (see for example 1 ) remains on it, it is a so-called permanent formwork. The formwork is not really lost because it has excellent thermal insulation properties and thus has an extremely advantageous and indispensable additional function. The hardening of the concrete creates a massive and heavy-duty horizontal concrete core in the recess, to which even large loads can be permanently and securely fastened without the assembly problems mentioned above. The recess 301 has side indentations that prevent the concrete core from turning back the parapet element 3 into the installation position not from the molded part 30th falls out downwards. In the example under consideration, the depressions are dovetail-shaped, but could also have a different cross-section.

On the window frame 5 facing side of the molding 30th , that is to say on its top side, in the example under consideration, there are several holes arranged next to one another 302 provided, which in the example under consideration run vertically and have a circular cross-section, and which completely pass through the molded part wall containing these holes and into the horizontal recess 301 flow out. These holes 302 are most evident in the 10 and 1 illustrated.

It should be noted at this point that these holes 302 are optional. Whether or not these are actually provided depends on the window frame 5 on the parapet 3 is attached. This will be discussed in more detail later.

The holes 302 can also have a non-circular cross-section. In the example under consideration, the hole diameter is approx. 10 cm, but in principle it can also be any larger or smaller.

When pouring the horizontal recess 301 with liquid concrete, the concrete also gets into the holes 302 so that these are also filled with concrete and vertical holes completely fill in the holes as the concrete hardens Concrete extensions are created to which the window frame can be attached.

The number and positions of the holes 302 are selected in such a way that a safe and correct window fastening is guaranteed.

As in particular from the 10 can be seen is that of the window frame 5 facing side of the parapet element 3 designed stepped. This stage creates the already mentioned stop 303 formed on which the window frame 5 when inserted into the window opening from the inside of the building strikes when it reaches its intended position.

The installation of the parapet element 3 into the wall by placing it on a row of masonry bricks and connecting to this using a mortar or adhesive.

If through the parapet 3 If a door threshold is to be formed, it is installed by placing it on the ceiling and connecting it to it using a mortar or adhesive, or by screwing it to the ceiling.

It will now be made with reference to the 11 one of the existing options for attaching a window frame 5 presented on the parapet element.

In the example under consideration, the fastening is carried out by screwing the window frame 5 on the parapet 3 . The same special concrete screws are used here as when screwing on the window frame 5 on the reveal elements 2 be used. These screws are denoted by the reference number in the figures 7th designated. It goes without saying that the fastening could also take place by screwing a screw into a dowel or anchor previously set in the concrete, or using a sieve sleeve fixed in the concrete, or in any other manner. Any type of attachment of the window frame to the parapet element 3 however, the window frame is always attached to a component of the parapet element formed by concrete.

That in the arrangement according to 11 parapet element used 2 is that in the 10 Parapet element shown and described above with reference thereto 3 . That is, in the 11 is shown how the window frame 5 on a parapet element 2 with holes 302 , which are filled with the aforementioned vertical concrete extension, is attached. The window frame is placed on the parapet element at a point above a concrete extension 3 screwed on. The window construction screw 7th runs through the window frame 5 and the hole 302 filling the concrete extension and extends into the horizontal recess 301 filling concrete core into it.

For fastening the window frame 5 on the parapet 3 All alternative options for fastening the window frame come into consideration 5 on the reveal elements 2 exist. In particular, the attachment can also as in 5 to 8th described. The one there for attaching the window frame to the reveal elements 2 The statements made apply to the attachment of the window frame to the parapet element 3 corresponding.

Also a railing or other fall device, or a burglar-proof or break-out-proof grid, or other object 10 can - for example on the one in the 9 manner shown - be attached to the parapet element.

It should be obvious and needs no further explanation that the reveal elements 2 and the parapet elements 3 can be used independently of each other. That means it can be provided that reveal elements 2 are used, but no parapet elements 3 , or just parapet elements 3 , but no reveal elements 2 be used.

The components described above prove to be advantageous in many respects, regardless of the details of the practical implementation. They enable simple, fast and problem-free installation of window and door frames and guarantee a permanently secure hold. At the same time, they have such good thermal insulation properties that even with highly insulating walls there are no thermal bridges at the installation location. They can also be manufactured and processed in conformity with RAL, i.e. they are able to meet the technical requirements for the RAL quality mark.

List of reference symbols

1

Masonry bricks

2

Reveal element

3

Parapet element

4th

Wall connector

5

Window frame (frame)

6

Window sill outside

7th

Window screw

8th

Pressure piece

9

Tab

10

Railing / fall protection

11

Mounting plate

12th

printing plate

13

Sieve sleeve

14th

Threaded rod

15th

Lock nut

16

Cap nut

20th

Molding of 2

30th

Molding of 3

201

vertical recess in 20th

202

horizontal hole in 20th

203

second horizontal hole in 20th

204

Stop for 5 on 20th

301

horizontal recess in 30th

302

vertical hole in 30th

303

Stop for 5 on 3

B.

Parapet

F.

Window opening

GD

Floor ceiling

L.

Reveal

M.

Wall

R.

Roller shutter box

Claims (10)

Construction element which is designed to form at least part of the lateral or lower boundary of a window or door opening (F) provided in a wall, characterized in that - the construction element (2, 3) is a molded part ( 20, 30), in which at least one recess (201, 202, 203, 301, 302) filled with a second material is formed, the second material having greater mechanical strength than the first material, and the first material being better Has thermal insulation properties than the second material, and that the at least one recess is arranged within the molded part in such a way that fastening means (7) which can be used to fasten the window or door frame (5) extend into the filled recess when used as intended. Component after Claim 1 , characterized in that the component (2, 3) is designed to be integrated into the wall (M) containing the window or door opening (F) and to form at least those sections of the reveal, parapet or door sill, to which the window or door frame (5) to be inserted in the wall or door opening is to be fastened when properly installed. Component after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that at least the second material has such a high mechanical strength that the fastening means (7) can be anchored in the second material without damaging the component more than is absolutely necessary, and through the second material even if it is extraordinarily large Forces acting on the window or door frame (5) are permanently held securely in their intended position. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the first material has such good thermal insulation properties that no thermal bridge is created at the installation site of the component (2, 3). Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first material is a foamed plastic. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second material is concrete. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction element (2, 3) is designed to be connected to the wall (M) using a mortar or adhesive. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction element (2, 3) is designed to be connected to the wall (M) using wall connectors (4). Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (2, 3) is designed for screwing the window or door frame (5) to the component. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a railing or a fall protection or a burglar-proof or break-out-proof grid (10) can also be attached to the component (2, 3).

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