EP4092214A1 - Plate-like wall element, prefabricated building with plate-like wall element and method for producing the wall element - Google Patents
Plate-like wall element, prefabricated building with plate-like wall element and method for producing the wall element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4092214A1 EP4092214A1 EP21175280.3A EP21175280A EP4092214A1 EP 4092214 A1 EP4092214 A1 EP 4092214A1 EP 21175280 A EP21175280 A EP 21175280A EP 4092214 A1 EP4092214 A1 EP 4092214A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- building
- wall element
- base plate
- window
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
- E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
- E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
- E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prefabricated building, in particular a house, hall or the like, with a building envelope comprising a plurality of, in particular four, outer walls, a concrete floor slab and at least one ceiling.
- a basement can be connected below the concrete floor slab. However, it may also be a building without a basement, where the floor slab forms the closure of the building to the ground.
- the at least one ceiling can be designed as a substantially flat ceiling panel.
- the ceiling can also be designed in the shape of the roof and thus be angled.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a building which overcomes the disadvantages described above.
- this object is achieved by a building having the features of claim 1 .
- the outer walls are each made up of at least one panel-like wall element, which includes a base panel containing expanded clay and an insulating layer connected to the base panel, a building can be provided which is particularly energy-efficient. It has been found that the combination of a base plate with expanded clay and an insulating layer arranged on top of it has particularly good heat-insulating properties.
- reveal frames which are used to accommodate doors and/or windows, are at least partially cast into the base plate. This ensures that no thermal bridges can form in the area of the windows or doors.
- the expanded clay is Liapor® .
- the expanded clay is preferably embedded in a concrete matrix, preferably comprising sand and cement. This creates a particularly heat-insulating concrete that is extremely easy to work with.
- the insulating layer is advantageously made of polystyrene containing graphite particles, in particular Neopor® RG30 . These materials are particularly suitable for insulating the building according to the invention, in particular the building envelope.
- the outer walls are each made up of floor-to-ceiling panel-like wall elements which each comprise an insulating layer forming the outer facade of the building and a base plate connected to the insulating layer, preferably via steel rods.
- the outer walls have continuous base plates made of expanded clay.
- these base plates extend over the entire height of the building according to the invention without having any interruptions or gaps. Particularly good insulation values are achieved in this way.
- the at least one ceiling of the building according to the invention is usually a filigree concrete ceiling with a cast ring beam. The ceiling is usually connected to the outer walls of the building via connecting elements, in particular steel rods.
- windows and/or external doors are provided in all external walls, which are preferably arranged in the insulating layer.
- the arrangement of these elements in the insulating layer achieves a further increase in energy efficiency.
- load transfer elements which preferably comprise steel pins or steel tubes, which are preferably V-shaped at one end and connected to a flat bar at the other end, the V-shaped ends of the load transfer elements preferably being in one Lintel area are embedded above the window or door and the flat steels are each bolted to a window or door frame.
- the soffit frames in the outer walls of the building according to the invention serve to fix, in particular screw, windows and/or doors.
- these elements are also supported by the reveal frames. This ensures a load-bearing, stable fit of the windows and doors in the external insulation.
- a further load transfer is achieved by the load transfer elements described.
- a particularly stable structure made up of outer walls, reveal frames and windows and/or doors is achieved by means of these load transfer elements.
- a reveal frame includes a foot part which, in the case of a door reveal frame, is dowelled and glued to the base plate and, in the case of a window reveal frame, can be screwed to a base plate of a wall element, with a door reveal frame preferably being sealed in the entire area of the foot part.
- the reveal frame is advantageously made of expanded polystyrene, in particular EPS rigid foam.
- the present invention also relates to a panel-like wall element for producing a building wall, in particular an outer wall of a building, comprising a base panel and an insulating layer connected to the base panel and forming an outside of the building wall, the base panel containing expanded clay, the wall element having at least one recess for a Has a door or a window, in which recess a reveal frame for mounting a door or a window is arranged, the reveal frame being cast at least partially into the base plate.
- the panel-like wall element according to the invention is usually first produced at a production site, such as a production hall, and then brought to a construction site. Due to the special construction of the wall element according to the invention from a base plate containing expanded clay and an insulating layer arranged on the base plate and at least one reveal frame which is at least partially cast into the base plate, a building with optimal thermal insulation properties can be erected. With these wall elements, the construction of a KfW 40 house is possible. This has an energy consumption of less than 5 kWh/year.
- the expanded clay of the base plate is advantageously Liapor® , the expanded clay preferably being embedded in a concrete matrix, preferably comprising sand and cement, the base plate preferably being connected to the insulating layer via connecting elements, in particular metal rods.
- insulation board that fills the surface of the formwork frame means that the outer circumference of the insulation board is essentially in contact with the formwork frame.
- the formwork frame protrudes beyond the insulating board positioned therein, so that space remains to accommodate a flowable base plate material. Due to the fact that before the flowable mass containing expanded clay is applied to the insulating board, the soffit frame is arranged in the recess of the insulating board, which projects beyond the insulating board, the soffit frame is cast into the flowable mass. This contributes to a thermal bridge-free construction of the wall element.
- the insulation board Before the mass containing expanded clay is applied to the insulation board, water and/or electrical lines are laid on the insulation board or in the insulation board. This makes it possible for the wall elements to be provided with base plaster in the interior at the factory.
- the insulating board contains connecting elements, in particular metal rods of a ring anchor, which are before the application of the expanded clay containing mass protrude from the insulation board and flooded by the mass containing expanded clay and be enclosed by this. This contributes to a particularly stable connection between the insulation panel and the hardened base panel.
- the house 1 shows a cross section through a building according to the invention in the form of a one-storey house 1.
- the house 1 comprises four outer walls 2, with two abutting outer walls forming a right angle with one another.
- the house 1 also includes a floor slab 3 made of concrete and a ceiling 4.
- the inner walls are not shown in the present illustration for reasons of clarity.
- the outer walls 2 are made up of floor-to-ceiling wall elements 5 .
- Each panel-like wall element 5 comprises a base panel 6 and an insulating panel 7 connected to the base panel 6 and forming the outside of the building 1.
- a base panel 7 of a wall element 5 is made of lightweight concrete, comprising expanded clay embedded in a concrete matrix.
- the concrete matrix in turn comprises sand and cement.
- the expanded clay is expanded clay of the Liapor® brand.
- the insulation panel is made of Neopor ® brand rigid foam.
- the wall elements 5 have recesses for doors and windows, with only one recess 8 for a window 9 in the present illustration is shown.
- the window 9 sits in a reveal frame 10 and includes a triple-glazed window pane 11.
- the reveal frame 10 is cast into the base plate 6 and also extends into the insulating panel 7.
- the reveal frame includes a lintel area 12, which has a roller blind box 13 or external blind box.
- the reveal frame also includes a foot 14.
- the base plates 6 of the wall elements 5 are connected to the floor plate 3 and the ceiling 4 via metal rods 15 bent at right angles.
- the ceiling 4 is a filigree ceiling.
- the metal rods 15 are used in particular for the statics of the building.
- the window 9 sits with its pane 11 and its frame 16 in the insulating board 7, which results in the absence of thermal bridges in this area.
- Insulating material in the form of XPS insulating material 17 is arranged under the base plate 3 . This insulating material 17 also encloses the end faces of the base plate 3.
- the building 1 also has a roof 18. On the ceiling 4 XPS insulating material 17 is also arranged.
- FIG. 2a shows a detailed representation of the building 1 in the area of a window 9.
- the reveal frame 10 includes a lintel area 12 with a roller blind box 13 and a foot 14. Furthermore, in FIG Figure 2a a window sill 28 is shown.
- the window 9 is supported by load transfer elements 19 .
- a load transfer element 19 comprises a round bar 20 and a flat bar 21 connected in one piece to the round bar 20.
- the flat bar 21 has a thickness of 8 mm and a width of 3 cm.
- the round steel 20 encloses an essentially right angle with the flat steel 21 .
- the free end 22 of the round steel 20 is V-shaped.
- the V-shaped end 22 of the round steel 20 is embedded in the concrete slab 4 .
- the round steel 20 extends through the roller blind box 13 .
- the flat steel 21 in turn contacts the window frame 16 of the window 9 and is screwed to it by means of a screw 23 .
- This construction prevents tears / plaster cracks between the window 9 and the roller blind box 13, which otherwise often occur when a window is slammed shut.
- the construction described also prevents the roller blind box 13 from breaking into the interior of the building 1. This is a great advantage with regard to the safety of the building and its occupants.
- the window frame 16 of the window 9 is screwed to the foot 14 of the reveal frame 10 by means of a screw 24 in the lower area.
- Figure 2b shows a plan view of the window 9 of FIG Figure 2a .
- the essentially plate-shaped side parts 25 of the soffit frame 10 can also be seen in this representation. It is easy to see here that the side parts 25 of the reveal frame 10 are also screwed to the window frame 16 by means of screws 26 .
- Figure 2c shows a cross section through building 1 in the area of window 9.
- Figure 3a shows an enlarged detail in the area of a door 27 of a building according to the invention.
- the door 27 is also supported by load transfer elements 19 already described above.
- the installation of these load transfer elements 19 is analogous to the installation of the window 9 described above.
- the reveal frame 10', which holds the door 27, also includes a lintel area 12 with a roller blind box 13 and a foot part 14, which has essentially the same shape as the foot section 14 of the reveal frame 10 of the window 9.
- the foot section 14 of the reveal frame 10' is detachably connected to an end face of the base plate 3 by a screw 29 which is screwed into a dowel 30 in the base plate 3.
- the foot part 14 is also bonded to the base plate 3 by means of an adhesive layer 31 .
- Such an adhesive layer can also be found between the foot part 14 and the insulating board 7 .
- the entire outer area of the foot part 14 is sealed with a sealing material 32 . This sealing material 32 extends to the insulating panel 17 and covers the end face 33.
- a water drainage channel 34 is arranged.
- Window 9 shown differs from that in Figure 2a Window 9 shown primarily in that the foot part 14 of the soffit frame 10 is screwed to the base plate 6 of the wall element 5 by means of a screw 35 and a dowel 36 arranged in the base plate 6 . This enables a non-positive load transfer of the window.
- figure 4 shows perspective representations and side views of the individual elements of the soffit frame 10.
- the left-hand representation shows a side view of the soffit frame 10 with the window 9 arranged therein.
- the reveal frame 10 includes the roller blind box 13 and an insulating wedge 37 arranged between the roller blind box 13 and the window 9 .
- the foot part 14 comprises a base rail 38 which rests on the base plate 6 and is flush with it. Furthermore, the foot part 14 includes a support strip 39 on which the window 9, separated by a compriband 40, rests. A compriband 40 is also arranged between the window 9 and the insulating wedge 37 .
- the foot part 14 includes furthermore, an end rail 41, which closes the foot part 14 of the reveal frame 10 towards the outside. This end rail 41 is also used to pass through a fastener, in particular a screw 35, for fastening the reveal frame 10 to the base plate 6.
- a side part 25 of the reveal frame 10 is shown.
- a compriband 40 is arranged between the side part 25 and the window 9 .
- the side part 25 also includes a base rail 38 and an end rail 41 through which a screw 35 extends into the base plate 6 .
- figure 5 shows an enlarged representation of the door 27 according to FIG Figure 3a in the foot area.
- a floor covering 52 a screed layer 53 and a styrofoam layer 54 available as a footfall sound insulation layer in this representation.
- figure 6 shows a cross section through a panel-like wall element 5 according to the invention with a base plate 6 and an insulating panel 7 connected to the base plate 6 and forming an outside of a building wall.
- a ring anchor 42 is integrated into the wall element 5, which comprises steel rods 43, which extend from the base plate 6 extend into the insulation board 7.
- figure 7 shows an assembly table 44 for the production of a wall element 5.
- a formwork frame 45 is set up.
- An insulating board 7 is inserted into the shuttering frame 45 and fills the shuttering frame 45 in terms of surface area, so that the outer circumference of the insulating board 7 rests against the inner circumference of the shuttering frame 45 .
- the insulating board 7 has a recess 8 in which a reveal frame 10 is arranged.
- the soffit frame 10 protrudes beyond the insulation panel 7, with its height H corresponding to the height H of the shuttering frame 45.
- the steel rods 43 of the annular anchor 42 protrude from the insulation panel 7, the steel rods 43 running in pairs in a V-shape, the tips of three V-shaped pairs of steel rods 43 being connected to one another via a connecting rod 46 in each case.
- FIG 8 shows enlarged representations of a window 9 of a building according to the invention in the area of a roller shutter box 13.
- the left representation shows a longitudinal section, the right representation a plan view.
- the difference to the figures 2a and 2 B lies in particular in the different design of the load transfer element 47.
- the load transfer element 47 comprises a tube 48 with an M14 internal thread.
- the tube 48 is connected to a contact plate 49 by means of a screw 50 which is screwed into the internal thread of the tube 48.
- the contact plate 49 is detachably connected to the window frame 16 by means of screws 51 .
- the tube 48 also has a V-shaped end which is embedded in the concrete cover 4 .
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gebäude, insbesondere Haus (1), Halle oder dergleichen in Fertigbauweise mit einer Gebäudehülle, umfassend eine Mehrzahl, insbesondere vier Außenwände (2), eine Bodenplatte (3) aus Beton sowie mindestens eine Decke (4), wobei die Außenwände jeweils aus mindestens einem plattenartigen Wandelement (5) aufgebaut sind, wobei ein Wandelement (5) eine Basisplatte (6) sowie eine mit der Basisplatte (6) verbundene, die Außenseite des Gebäudes (1) bildende Dämmschicht (7) umfasst, wobei die Basisplatte (6) Blähton enthält und wobei mindestens ein plattenartiges Wandelement (5) mindestens einer Außenwand (2) eine Aussparung (8) für eine Türe oder ein Fenster (9) aufweist, in welche Aussparung (8) ein Leibungsrahmen (10) zur Montage einer Türe oder eines Fensters angeordnet ist, wobei der Leibungsrahmen (10) mindestens teilweise in die Basisplatte (6) eingegossen ist.The invention relates to a prefabricated building, in particular a house (1), hall or the like, with a building envelope comprising a plurality of, in particular four, outer walls (2), a floor slab (3) made of concrete and at least one ceiling (4), the outer walls are each made up of at least one panel-like wall element (5), one wall element (5) comprising a base panel (6) and an insulating layer (7) connected to the base panel (6) and forming the outside of the building (1), the base panel (6) contains expanded clay and wherein at least one panel-like wall element (5) of at least one outer wall (2) has a recess (8) for a door or a window (9), in which recess (8) a reveal frame (10) for mounting a Door or a window is arranged, wherein the reveal frame (10) is at least partially cast into the base plate (6).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Gebäude, insbesondere Haus, Halle oder dergleichen in Fertigbauweise mit einer Gebäudehülle, umfassend eine Mehrzahl, insbesondere vier Außenwände, eine Bodenplatte aus Beton sowie mindestens eine Decke.The present invention relates to a prefabricated building, in particular a house, hall or the like, with a building envelope comprising a plurality of, in particular four, outer walls, a concrete floor slab and at least one ceiling.
Unterhalb der aus Beton bestehenden Bodenplatte kann ein Keller angeschlossen sein. Es kann jedoch auch sein, dass es sich um ein Gebäude ohne Keller handelt, bei dem die Bodenplatte den Abschluss des Gebäudes zum Erdboden hin bildet.A basement can be connected below the concrete floor slab. However, it may also be a building without a basement, where the floor slab forms the closure of the building to the ground.
Die mindestens eine Decke kann als im Wesentlichen ebene Deckenplatte ausgebildet sein. Insbesondere bei Bungalows kann die Decke jedoch auch in der Form des Daches und damit abgewinkelt ausgebildet sein.The at least one ceiling can be designed as a substantially flat ceiling panel. In the case of bungalows in particular, however, the ceiling can also be designed in the shape of the roof and thus be angled.
Bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Häusern, die in der Regel aus Ziegel oder Holz gefertigt sind, sind häufig Wärmebrücken vorhanden, wodurch Energie in Form von Wärme verloren geht. Derartige Wärmebrücken sind häufig im Bereich von Fenstern oder bei Anschlüssen zwischen Außenwänden und Decken zu beobachten. Ein weiteres Problem der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Gebäude besteht darin, dass die Errichtung zeit- und arbeitsintensiv ist. Insbesondere bei Ziegelhäusern sind viele Arbeitskräfte nötig, um ein Gebäude in einer einigermaßen akzeptablen Zeit zu errichten.In the houses known from the prior art, which are usually made of brick or wood, thermal bridges are often present, as a result of which energy is lost in the form of heat. Such thermal bridges can often be observed in the area of windows or at connections between external walls and ceilings. Another Problem of the buildings known from the prior art is that the erection is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Brick houses, in particular, require a lot of labor to erect a building in a reasonably acceptable amount of time.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Gebäude zur Verfügung zu stellen, welches die oben geschilderten Nachteile überwindet.The object of the present invention is to provide a building which overcomes the disadvantages described above.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Gebäude mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a building having the features of claim 1 .
Durch die Tatsache, dass die Außenwände jeweils aus mindestens einem plattenartigen Wandelement aufgebaut sind, welches eine Blähton enthaltende Basisplatte sowie eine mit der Basisplatte verbundene Dämmschicht umfasst, kann ein Gebäude zur Verfügung gestellt werden, welches besonders energieeffizient ist. So hat sich herausgestellt, dass gerade die Kombination einer Basisplatte mit Blähton und einer darauf angeordneten Dämmschicht besonders wärmeisolierende Eigenschaften aufweist. Hinzu kommt nun ein weiteres Merkmal, welches es ermöglicht, das erfindungsgemäße Gebäude vollständig wärmebrückenfrei konstruieren zu können. So sind Leibungsrahmen, welche zur Aufnahme von Türen und/oder Fenstern dienen, mindestens teilweise in die Basisplatte eingegossen. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass auch im Bereich der Fenster oder Türen keinerlei Wärmebrücken entstehen können.Due to the fact that the outer walls are each made up of at least one panel-like wall element, which includes a base panel containing expanded clay and an insulating layer connected to the base panel, a building can be provided which is particularly energy-efficient. It has been found that the combination of a base plate with expanded clay and an insulating layer arranged on top of it has particularly good heat-insulating properties. There is now another feature that makes it possible to construct the building according to the invention completely free of thermal bridges. Thus, reveal frames, which are used to accommodate doors and/or windows, are at least partially cast into the base plate. This ensures that no thermal bridges can form in the area of the windows or doors.
Durch die Tatsache, dass die Leibungsrahmen mindestens teilweise in die Basisplatte eingegossen sind, sind keinerlei weitere Verbindungsmittel zwischen den Leibungsrahmen und der Basisplatte vonnöten. Durch das Eingießen der Leibungsrahmen in die Basisplatte entsteht eine äußerst feste stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Leibungsrahmen und Basisplatte.Due to the fact that the soffit frames are at least partially cast into the base plate, no further connecting means are required between the soffit frame and the base plate. Casting the soffit frame into the base plate creates an extremely strong material connection between the soffit frame and base plate.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes handelt es sich bei dem Blähton um Liapor®. Der Blähton ist vorzugsweise in einer Betonmatrix, vorzugsweise umfassend Sand und Zement eingebettet. Dadurch entsteht ein besonders wärmeisolierender Beton, welcher sich äußerst einfach verarbeiten lässt.In a preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention, the expanded clay is Liapor® . The expanded clay is preferably embedded in a concrete matrix, preferably comprising sand and cement. This creates a particularly heat-insulating concrete that is extremely easy to work with.
Mit Vorteil ist die Dämmschicht aus Graphitpartikel enthaltendem Polystyrol, insbesondere Neopor® RG30 gefertigt. Diese Materialien eignen sich besonders gut zur Isolierung des erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes, insbesondere der Gebäudehülle.The insulating layer is advantageously made of polystyrene containing graphite particles, in particular Neopor® RG30 . These materials are particularly suitable for insulating the building according to the invention, in particular the building envelope.
Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes sind die Außenwände jeweils aus geschosshohen plattenartigen Wandelementen aufgebaut, welche jeweils eine die Außenfassade des Gebäudes bildende Dämmschicht sowie eine mit der Dämmschicht, vorzugsweise über Stahlstäbe verbundene Basisplatte umfassen. Auf diese Art und Weise wird erreicht, dass die Außenwände durchgehende, Blähton aufweisende Basisplatten aufweisen. Diese Basisplatten erstrecken sich in dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel über die gesamte Höhe des erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes, ohne Unterbrechungen oder Lücken aufzuweisen. Auf diese Art und Weise werden besonders gute Dämmwerte erreicht. Die mindestens eine Decke des erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes ist in der Regel eine Beton-Filigrandecke mit gegossenem Ringanker. Die Decke ist in der Regel über Verbindungselemente, insbesondere Stahlstäbe mit den Außenwänden des Gebäudes verbunden. In der Regel sind in sämtlichen Außenwänden Fenster und/oder Außentüren vorgesehen, welche vorzugsweise in der Dämmschicht angeordnet sind. Durch die Anordnung dieser Elemente in der Dämmschicht wird eine weitere Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz erreicht. Mit den plattenartigen Wandelementen des erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes ist es möglich, dass zumindest die Außenwände als vorgefertigte Elemente zu einer Baustelle verbracht werden und dort sofort weiterverarbeitet werden können. Die werkseitig erstellten Außenwände werden durch Montage auf der Baustelle miteinander verbunden und montiert, sodass in kürzester Zeit das erfindungsgemäße Gebäude erstellt werden kann. Somit wird eine enorme Zeit- und Arbeitsersparnis beim Rohbau erreicht.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the building according to the invention, the outer walls are each made up of floor-to-ceiling panel-like wall elements which each comprise an insulating layer forming the outer facade of the building and a base plate connected to the insulating layer, preferably via steel rods. In this way it is achieved that the outer walls have continuous base plates made of expanded clay. In the exemplary embodiment described, these base plates extend over the entire height of the building according to the invention without having any interruptions or gaps. Particularly good insulation values are achieved in this way. The at least one ceiling of the building according to the invention is usually a filigree concrete ceiling with a cast ring beam. The ceiling is usually connected to the outer walls of the building via connecting elements, in particular steel rods. As a rule, windows and/or external doors are provided in all external walls, which are preferably arranged in the insulating layer. The arrangement of these elements in the insulating layer achieves a further increase in energy efficiency. With the panel-like wall elements of the building according to the invention, it is possible for at least the outer walls to be taken to a construction site as prefabricated elements and processed there immediately. The factory-made exterior walls are assembled on site connected and assembled so that the building according to the invention can be created in a very short time. This saves an enormous amount of time and work during the shell construction.
Mit Vorteil sind Fenster und/oder Türen über Lastabtragungselemente abgestützt, welche vorzugsweise Stahlstifte oder Stahlrohre umfassen, welche an einem Ende vorzugsweise V-förmig ausgebildet sind und am anderen Ende mit einem Flachstahl verbunden sind, wobei die V-förmigen Enden der Lastabtragungselemente vorzugsweise in einem Sturzbereich oberhalb des Fensters oder der Türe eingebettet sind und wobei die Flachstähle mit jeweils einem Fenster- oder Türrahmen verschraubt sind.Advantageously, windows and/or doors are supported via load transfer elements, which preferably comprise steel pins or steel tubes, which are preferably V-shaped at one end and connected to a flat bar at the other end, the V-shaped ends of the load transfer elements preferably being in one Lintel area are embedded above the window or door and the flat steels are each bolted to a window or door frame.
Wie bereits oben erwähnt, dienen die Leibungsrahmen in den Außenwänden des erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes zur Fixierung, insbesondere Verschraubung von Fenstern und/oder Türen. Zudem werden diese Elemente durch die Leibungsrahmen auch abgestützt. Hierdurch wird ein tragender stabiler Sitz der Fenster und Türen in der Außendämmung gewährleistet. Ein weiterer Lastabtrag wird durch die beschriebenen Lastabtragungselemente erreicht. Durch diese Lastabtragungselemente wird ein besonders stabiles Konstrukt aus Außenwänden, Leibungsrahmen sowie Fenster und/oder Türen erreicht.As already mentioned above, the soffit frames in the outer walls of the building according to the invention serve to fix, in particular screw, windows and/or doors. In addition, these elements are also supported by the reveal frames. This ensures a load-bearing, stable fit of the windows and doors in the external insulation. A further load transfer is achieved by the load transfer elements described. A particularly stable structure made up of outer walls, reveal frames and windows and/or doors is achieved by means of these load transfer elements.
Mit Vorteil umfasst ein Leibungsrahmen einen Fußteil, welcher im Falle eines Türleibungsrahmens mit der Bodenplatte verdübelt und verklebt ist und im Falle eines Fensterleibungsrahmens mit einer Basisplatte eines Wandelements verschraubt sein kann, wobei im Falle eines Türleibungsrahmens vorzugsweise eine Abdichtung im gesamten Bereich des Fußteiles vorgesehen ist. Mit Vorteil ist der Leibungsrahmen aus expandiertem Polystyrol, insbesondere EPS-Hartschaum gefertigt.Advantageously, a reveal frame includes a foot part which, in the case of a door reveal frame, is dowelled and glued to the base plate and, in the case of a window reveal frame, can be screwed to a base plate of a wall element, with a door reveal frame preferably being sealed in the entire area of the foot part. The reveal frame is advantageously made of expanded polystyrene, in particular EPS rigid foam.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein plattenartiges Wandelement zur Herstellung einer Gebäudewand, insbesondere einer Außenwand eines Gebäudes, umfassend eine Basisplatte sowie eine mit der Basisplatte verbundene, eine Außenseite der Gebäudewand bildende Dämmschicht, wobei die Basisplatte Blähton enthält, wobei das Wandelement mindestens eine Aussparung für eine Türe oder ein Fenster aufweist, in welche Aussparung ein Leibungsrahmen zur Montage einer Türe oder eines Fensters angeordnet ist, wobei der Leibungsrahmen mindestens teilweise in die Basisplatte eingegossen ist.The present invention also relates to a panel-like wall element for producing a building wall, in particular an outer wall of a building, comprising a base panel and an insulating layer connected to the base panel and forming an outside of the building wall, the base panel containing expanded clay, the wall element having at least one recess for a Has a door or a window, in which recess a reveal frame for mounting a door or a window is arranged, the reveal frame being cast at least partially into the base plate.
Das erfindungsgemäße plattenartige Wandelement wird in der Regel zunächst an einem Herstellungsort, wie beispielsweise einer Fertigungshalle hergestellt und anschließend zu einer Baustelle verbracht. Durch den speziellen Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Wandelements aus einer Blähton enthaltenden Basisplatte und einer auf der Basisplatte angeordneten Dämmschicht sowie mindestens einem Leibungsrahmen, welcher in die Basisplatte mindestens teilweise eingegossen ist, kann ein Gebäude mit optimalen Wärmedämmeigenschaften errichtet werden. So ist mit diesen Wandelementen die Errichtung eines KfW 40-Hauses möglich. Dieses hat einen Energieverbrauch von weniger als 5 kWh/Jahr.The panel-like wall element according to the invention is usually first produced at a production site, such as a production hall, and then brought to a construction site. Due to the special construction of the wall element according to the invention from a base plate containing expanded clay and an insulating layer arranged on the base plate and at least one reveal frame which is at least partially cast into the base plate, a building with optimal thermal insulation properties can be erected. With these wall elements, the construction of a KfW 40 house is possible. This has an energy consumption of less than 5 kWh/year.
Mit Vorteil handelt es sich bei dem Blähton der Basisplatte um Liapor®, wobei der Blähton vorzugsweise in eine Betonmatrix, vorzugsweise umfassend Sand und Zement eingebettet ist, wobei die Basisplatte mit der Dämmschicht vorzugsweise über Verbindungselemente, insbesondere Metallstäbe verbunden ist.The expanded clay of the base plate is advantageously Liapor® , the expanded clay preferably being embedded in a concrete matrix, preferably comprising sand and cement, the base plate preferably being connected to the insulating layer via connecting elements, in particular metal rods.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wandelements, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte:
- a) Bereitstellen eines Schalungsrahmens auf einem Untergrund;
- b) Einlegen einer den Schalungsrahmen flächenmäßig ausfüllenden Dämmplatte in den Schalungsrahmen, wobei die Dämmplatte mindestens eine Aussparung für ein Fenster und/oder eine Türe aufweist;
- c) Anordnen eines Leibungsrahmens in der Aussparung der Dämmplatte, wobei der Leibungsrahmen die Dämmplatte überragt;
- d) Aufbringen einer fließfähigen, aushärtbaren, Blähton enthaltenden Masse zur Herstellung einer Basisplatte auf die Dämmplatte;
- e) Härten lassen der Blähton enthaltenden Masse und Entnehmen des fertigen Wandelements aus dem Schalungsrahmen.
- a) providing a formwork frame on a substrate;
- b) Insertion of an insulating board that fills the formwork frame over an area into the formwork frame, the insulating board having at least one recess for a window and/or a door;
- c) arranging a soffit frame in the recess of the insulating board, the soffit frame protruding beyond the insulating board;
- d) applying a free-flowing, hardenable mass containing expanded clay to produce a base plate on the insulation board;
- e) Allow the mass containing expanded clay to harden and remove the finished wall element from the formwork frame.
Der Begriff "den Schalungsrahmen flächenmäßig ausfüllende Dämmplatte" meint, dass die Dämmplatte mit ihrem Außenumfang am Schalungsrahmen im Wesentlichen anliegt. Um anschließend fließfähiges Basisplattenmaterial verteilen zu können, überragt der Schalungsrahmen die darin positionierte Dämmplatte, sodass Raum zur Aufnahme eines fließfähigen Basisplattenmaterials verbleibt. Durch die Tatsache, dass vor dem Aufbringen der fließfähigen, Blähton enthaltenden Masse auf die Dämmplatte der Leibungsrahmen in der Aussparung der Dämmplatte angeordnet wird, welcher die Dämmplatte überragt, wird der Leibungsrahmen in die fließfähige Masse eingegossen. Dies trägt zu einem wärmebrückenfreien Aufbau des Wandelements bei.The term “insulation board that fills the surface of the formwork frame” means that the outer circumference of the insulation board is essentially in contact with the formwork frame. In order to then be able to distribute flowable base plate material, the formwork frame protrudes beyond the insulating board positioned therein, so that space remains to accommodate a flowable base plate material. Due to the fact that before the flowable mass containing expanded clay is applied to the insulating board, the soffit frame is arranged in the recess of the insulating board, which projects beyond the insulating board, the soffit frame is cast into the flowable mass. This contributes to a thermal bridge-free construction of the wall element.
Mit Vorteil werden vor dem Aufbringen der Blähton enthaltenden Masse auf die Dämmplatte Wasser- und/oder Elektroleitungen auf der Dämmplatte oder in der Dämmplatte verlegt. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass die Wandelemente bereits werkseitig mit Grundputz im Innenbereich versehen werden können.Advantageously, before the mass containing expanded clay is applied to the insulation board, water and/or electrical lines are laid on the insulation board or in the insulation board. This makes it possible for the wall elements to be provided with base plaster in the interior at the factory.
Mit Vorteil enthält die Dämmplatte Verbindungselemente, insbesondere Metallstäbe eines Ringankers, welche vor dem Aufbringen der Blähton enthaltenden Masse aus der Dämmplatte ragen und von der Blähton enthaltenden Masse umflutet und von dieser eingeschlossen werden. Dies trägt zu einer besonders stabilen Verbindung zwischen der Dämmplatte und der ausgehärteten Basisplatte bei.Advantageously, the insulating board contains connecting elements, in particular metal rods of a ring anchor, which are before the application of the expanded clay containing mass protrude from the insulation board and flooded by the mass containing expanded clay and be enclosed by this. This contributes to a particularly stable connection between the insulation panel and the hardened base panel.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen und den Unteransprüchen. Hierbei können die einzelnen Merkmale für sich allein oder in Kombination miteinander verwirklicht sein.Further features of the invention result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings and the dependent claims. Here, the individual features can be implemented individually or in combination with one another.
In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- einen Längsschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Gebäude;
- Fig. 2a:
- einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus dem Gebäude von
Fig. 1 im Bereich des Fensters; - Fig. 2b:
- eine Draufsicht auf das Fenster des Gebäudes von
Fig. 1 ; - Fig. 2c:
- einen Querschnitt durch das Gebäude von
Fig. 1 im Bereich des Fensters; - Fig. 3a:
- einen Ausschnitt im Bereich einer Türe eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes im Querschnitt;
- Fig. 3b:
- eine Darstellung eines Fensters eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes im Querschnitt;
- Fig. 4:
- perspektivische Darstellungen der Elemente eines Leibungsrahmens eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes;
- Fig. 5:
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung aus der Türe gemäß
Fig. 3a im Fußbereich; - Fig. 6:
- einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Wandelement;
- Fig. 7:
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Schalungsrahmens mit darin angeordneter Dämmschicht zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Wandelements;
- Fig. 8:
- vergrößerte Darstellungen eines Fensters eines erfindungsgemäßen Gebäudes im Bereich des Rollokastens.
- Figure 1:
- a longitudinal section through a building according to the invention;
- Figure 2a:
- an enlarged section of the building
1 in the area of the window; - Figure 2b:
- a plan view of the window of the building from
1 ; - Figure 2c:
- a cross-section of the building
1 in the area of the window; - Figure 3a:
- a detail in the region of a door of a building according to the invention in cross section;
- Figure 3b:
- a representation of a window of a building according to the invention in cross section;
- Figure 4:
- perspective representations of the elements of a reveal frame of a building according to the invention;
- Figure 5:
- an enlarged representation from the door according to
Figure 3a in the foot area; - Figure 6:
- a cross section through a wall element according to the invention;
- Figure 7:
- a perspective view of a formwork frame with an insulating layer arranged therein for the production of a wall element according to the invention;
- Figure 8:
- enlarged representations of a window of a building according to the invention in the area of the roller blind box.
Nachfolgend werden gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit denselben Bezugsziffern gekennzeichnet.Elements that are the same or have the same function are identified below with the same reference numbers.
Die Basisplatten 6 der Wandelemente 5 sind mit der Bodenplatte 3 sowie der Decke 4 über rechtwinklig gebogene Metallstäbe 15 verbunden. Bei der Decke 4 handelt es sich um eine Filigrandecke. Die Metallstäbe 15 dienen insbesondere der Statik des Gebäudes. Das Fenster 9 sitzt mit seiner Scheibe 11 und seinem Rahmen 16 in der Dämmplatte 7, was eine Wärmebrückenfreiheit in diesem Bereich bewirkt. Unter der Bodenplatte 3 ist Dämmstoff in Form von XPS-Dämmstoff 17 angeordnet. Dieser Dämmstoff 17 umschließt auch die Stirnseiten der Bodenplatte 3. Das Gebäude 1 weist ferner ein Dach 18 auf. Auf der Decke 4 ist ebenfalls XPS-Dämmstoff 17 angeordnet.The
Der Fensterrahmen 16 des Fensters 9 ist im unteren Bereich mit dem Fuß 14 des Leibungsrahmens 10 mittels einer Schraube 24 verschraubt.The
Der Fußabschnitt 14 des Leibungsrahmens 10' ist mit einer Stirnseite der Bodenplatte 3 durch eine Schraube 29, welche in einen Dübel 30 in der Bodenplatte 3 eingeschraubt ist, lösbar verbunden. Neben dieser Befestigung ist der Fußteil 14 mit der Bodenplatte 3 mittels einer Klebstoffschicht 31 auch stoffschlüssig verbunden. Eine derartige Klebstoffschicht ist auch zwischen dem Fußteil 14 und der Dämmplatte 7 zu finden. Der gesamte Außenbereich des Fußteils 14 ist mit einem Abdichtmaterial 32 abgedichtet. Dieses Abdichtmaterial 32 erstreckt sich bis zur Dämmplatte 17 und bedeckt deren Stirnseite 33. Neben dem Fußteil 14 ist eine Wasserablaufrinne 34 angeordnet.The
Das in der
Der Fußteil 14 umfasst eine Basisschiene 38, welche auf der Basisplatte 6 aufliegt und mit dieser bündig abschließt. Des Weiteren umfasst der Fußteil 14 eine Auflageleiste 39, auf welcher das Fenster 9, getrennt durch ein Kompriband 40, aufliegt. Auch zwischen dem Fenster 9 und dem Dämmkeil 37 ist ein Kompriband 40 angeordnet. Der Fußteil 14 umfasst ferner eine Abschlussschiene 41, welche den Fußteil 14 des Leibungsrahmens 10 nach außen hin abschließt. Diese Abschlussschiene 41 dient auch zum Hindurchführen eines Befestigungsmittels, insbesondere einer Schraube 35, zur Befestigung des Leibungsrahmens 10 an der Basisplatte 6.The
Ganz rechts in
Zur Herstellung eines fertigen Wandelements 5 wird nun fließfähiger Leichtbeton aus Blähton, Sand, Zement und Wasser auf die Dämmplatte 7 aufgebracht, bis diese Masse den Schalungsrahmen 45 ausfüllt. Nach dem Aushärten des Betons kann das fertige Wandelement aus Basisplatte 6 und Dämmplatte 7 aus dem Schalungsrahmen 45 entnommen werden.To produce a finished wall element 5 , flowable lightweight concrete made from expanded clay, sand, cement and water is now applied to the insulating
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
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EP21175280.3A EP4092214A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Plate-like wall element, prefabricated building with plate-like wall element and method for producing the wall element |
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EP21175280.3A EP4092214A1 (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Plate-like wall element, prefabricated building with plate-like wall element and method for producing the wall element |
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Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19854884A1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-15 | Heilit & Woerner Bau Ag | Method for producing an at least two-layer outer wall element and an outer wall element produced thereby |
DE19930567A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-18 | Schwoerer Haus Gmbh & Co | Concrete element, for parts of buildings and other structures, comprises two parallel outer walls and wall between produced by filling gap between outer walls with fresh concrete to bring the latter into its correct position |
DE10256813A1 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-06-24 | Roland Wolf | Concrete component, especially a hollow chamber wall element, used in building construction comprises a heat-insulating layer having a contact surface provided with a sealing material forming a water-tight boundary layer with fresh concrete |
DE102004022526A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-23 | Albert Hangleiter Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for manufacturing prefabricated concrete components involves placing vacuum insulation plate from above onto concrete for heat-insulating connection |
EP2224071A2 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-01 | Klaus Nielsen | A high-insulation concrete panel, its method of production and its use |
DE202015100100U1 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-01-23 | BAVARIA Plusenergiehaus GmbH | building |
DE202017104137U1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-22 | Rötzer-Ziegel-Element-Werk Gmbh | Wall element, ceiling element and building made therefrom |
-
2021
- 2021-05-21 EP EP21175280.3A patent/EP4092214A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19854884A1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-15 | Heilit & Woerner Bau Ag | Method for producing an at least two-layer outer wall element and an outer wall element produced thereby |
DE19930567A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-18 | Schwoerer Haus Gmbh & Co | Concrete element, for parts of buildings and other structures, comprises two parallel outer walls and wall between produced by filling gap between outer walls with fresh concrete to bring the latter into its correct position |
DE10256813A1 (en) * | 2002-12-04 | 2004-06-24 | Roland Wolf | Concrete component, especially a hollow chamber wall element, used in building construction comprises a heat-insulating layer having a contact surface provided with a sealing material forming a water-tight boundary layer with fresh concrete |
DE102004022526A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-23 | Albert Hangleiter Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for manufacturing prefabricated concrete components involves placing vacuum insulation plate from above onto concrete for heat-insulating connection |
EP2224071A2 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-01 | Klaus Nielsen | A high-insulation concrete panel, its method of production and its use |
DE202015100100U1 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-01-23 | BAVARIA Plusenergiehaus GmbH | building |
DE202017104137U1 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-22 | Rötzer-Ziegel-Element-Werk Gmbh | Wall element, ceiling element and building made therefrom |
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