DE1546161B2 - Verfahren zur reinigung von metallgegenstaenden und reinigungs masse - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reinigung von metallgegenstaenden und reinigungs masseInfo
- Publication number
- DE1546161B2 DE1546161B2 DE19641546161 DE1546161A DE1546161B2 DE 1546161 B2 DE1546161 B2 DE 1546161B2 DE 19641546161 DE19641546161 DE 19641546161 DE 1546161 A DE1546161 A DE 1546161A DE 1546161 B2 DE1546161 B2 DE 1546161B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning
- metal
- objects
- hlb value
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000013355 Mycteroperca interstitialis Species 0.000 claims 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical group ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RNVCVTLRINQCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N RNVCVTLRINQCPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045641 monobasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/40—Specific cleaning or washing processes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US339606A US3330769A (en) | 1964-01-23 | 1964-01-23 | Metal cleaning |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1546161A1 DE1546161A1 (de) | 1969-07-17 |
| DE1546161B2 true DE1546161B2 (de) | 1972-03-02 |
Family
ID=23329806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19641546161 Pending DE1546161B2 (de) | 1964-01-23 | 1964-12-10 | Verfahren zur reinigung von metallgegenstaenden und reinigungs masse |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3330769A (xx) |
| JP (1) | JPS4930615B1 (xx) |
| BE (1) | BE658442A (xx) |
| CH (1) | CH485871A (xx) |
| DE (1) | DE1546161B2 (xx) |
| FR (1) | FR1420885A (xx) |
| GB (1) | GB1092867A (xx) |
| NL (1) | NL149235B (xx) |
| SE (1) | SE319664B (xx) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3494795A (en) * | 1967-08-07 | 1970-02-10 | Fremont Ind Inc | Spray cleaning method for removing oil,grease,dirt and embedded oxides from painted surfaces |
| US3909437A (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1975-09-30 | Dow Chemical Co | Noncorrosive acid, solvent and nonionic surfactant composition |
| US3979219A (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1976-09-07 | Fremont Industries, Inc. | Wood finish remover |
| US4100096A (en) * | 1976-06-04 | 1978-07-11 | Addressograph Multigraph Corp. | Cleaner for hydrophilic metal surfaces of lithographic duplicators |
| BE871631A (fr) * | 1978-10-27 | 1979-04-27 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede de decapage continu de toles en acier. |
| US4541945A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-09-17 | Amchem Products | Inhibitor-containing acid cleaning compositions and processes |
| US4608086A (en) * | 1983-01-19 | 1986-08-26 | Tennant Company | Membrane remover/etchant |
| JPS60224818A (ja) * | 1984-04-20 | 1985-11-09 | Itochu Shoji Kk | 原綿中の色物除去方法およびその装置 |
| JPH0525713A (ja) * | 1991-05-17 | 1993-02-02 | Murata Mach Ltd | 混打綿工程の異物検出装置 |
| US5658869A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1997-08-19 | Singer; Barrie | Metal finishing composition |
| JP3673357B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-27 | 2005-07-20 | メルテックス株式会社 | めっき用の前処理洗浄剤 |
| US8227027B2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2012-07-24 | Presspart Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for applying a polymer coating to an internal surface of a container |
| CN101932315B (zh) * | 2007-12-07 | 2014-08-06 | 普莱斯博有限两合公司 | 施加聚合物涂料于容器内表面的方法 |
| CN104289468A (zh) * | 2007-12-07 | 2015-01-21 | 普莱斯博有限两合公司 | 施加聚合物涂料于容器内表面的方法 |
| US20190189312A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-20 | National Cheng Kung University | Pretreatment of Thick-Film Aluminum Electrode for Metal Plating |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2261700A (en) * | 1939-04-03 | 1941-11-04 | Nat Aluminate Corp | Cleaning composition |
| US2326837A (en) * | 1940-01-13 | 1943-08-17 | Nat Carbon Co Inc | Cleaning composition and method for its use |
| US2399267A (en) * | 1940-07-27 | 1946-04-30 | Solventol Chemical Products In | Cleaning method |
| US2571581A (en) * | 1948-09-09 | 1951-10-16 | Detrex Corp | Degreasing machine |
| US2683343A (en) * | 1952-11-15 | 1954-07-13 | Gen Motors Corp | Tumbling process |
| US3041285A (en) * | 1955-05-27 | 1962-06-26 | Purex Corp Ltd | Composition for cleaning and polishing aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US2942956A (en) * | 1958-10-13 | 1960-06-28 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Aluminum brightener compositions |
| US3162547A (en) * | 1961-07-31 | 1964-12-22 | Rohr Corp | Secondary deoxidizer for aluminum and its alloys |
-
1964
- 1964-01-23 US US339606A patent/US3330769A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-11-19 GB GB47240/64A patent/GB1092867A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-12-10 DE DE19641546161 patent/DE1546161B2/de active Pending
- 1964-12-17 JP JP39070790A patent/JPS4930615B1/ja active Pending
-
1965
- 1965-01-14 FR FR1893A patent/FR1420885A/fr not_active Expired
- 1965-01-15 CH CH59665A patent/CH485871A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1965-01-18 BE BE658442D patent/BE658442A/xx unknown
- 1965-01-21 SE SE783/65A patent/SE319664B/xx unknown
- 1965-01-22 NL NL656500857A patent/NL149235B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE658442A (xx) | 1965-05-17 |
| NL6500857A (xx) | 1965-07-26 |
| JPS4930615B1 (xx) | 1974-08-14 |
| NL149235B (nl) | 1976-04-15 |
| US3330769A (en) | 1967-07-11 |
| CH485871A (de) | 1970-02-15 |
| FR1420885A (fr) | 1965-12-10 |
| GB1092867A (en) | 1967-11-29 |
| DE1546161A1 (de) | 1969-07-17 |
| SE319664B (xx) | 1970-01-19 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 |