DE1286683B - Synthetische Polyamidfaeden bzw. -fasern, die ein antistatisch machendes Mittel enthalten, und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung - Google Patents
Synthetische Polyamidfaeden bzw. -fasern, die ein antistatisch machendes Mittel enthalten, und Verfahren zu deren HerstellungInfo
- Publication number
- DE1286683B DE1286683B DEP31600A DEP0031600A DE1286683B DE 1286683 B DE1286683 B DE 1286683B DE P31600 A DEP31600 A DE P31600A DE P0031600 A DEP0031600 A DE P0031600A DE 1286683 B DE1286683 B DE 1286683B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- threads
- polyalkylene glycol
- polyamide
- weight
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 31
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 alkylene glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVNWZKBFMFUVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adipamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCC(N)=O GVNWZKBFMFUVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012803 melt mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- HHJJPFYGIRKQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;oxido-oxo-phenylphosphanium Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][P+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHJJPFYGIRKQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFFRSDWQMJYQNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-azaniumylhexylazanium;hexanedioate Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCCCC[NH3+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O UFFRSDWQMJYQNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 101100102503 Caenorhabditis elegans ver-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002930 fur substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004758 synthetic textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/90—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/247—Discontinuous hollow structure or microporous structure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU43578 | 1963-04-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1286683B true DE1286683B (de) | 1969-01-09 |
Family
ID=19723361
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP31600A Pending DE1286683B (de) | 1963-04-17 | 1963-04-16 | Synthetische Polyamidfaeden bzw. -fasern, die ein antistatisch machendes Mittel enthalten, und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE631199A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE1286683B (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR1362032A (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB990713A (en, 2012) |
| LU (1) | LU43578A1 (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL291670A (en, 2012) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0040080A3 (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1982-10-27 | Courtaulds Plc | Nylon 6 polymer and process for its manufacture |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT953596B (it) * | 1972-03-31 | 1973-08-10 | Snia Viscosa | Procedimento per la produzione di poliammidi aventi migliorate pro prieta antistatiche per impieghi tessili fili filati e manufatti tessili ottenuti da tali poliam midi |
| EP0033592A3 (en) | 1980-01-31 | 1982-12-22 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Conductive polymers, fibres made therefrom and process for manufacture |
| US8765255B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2014-07-01 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Breathable waterproof garment |
| JP5964287B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-23 | 2016-08-03 | ソルヴェイ（ソシエテ アノニム） | アルキレンオキシド部分を含む物質を含むポリアミド組成物 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB665914A (en) * | 1948-09-01 | 1952-02-06 | Wakefield & Co Ltd C C | Improvements in or relating to the anti-static treatment of textile fibres, filaments and yarns |
| GB779491A (en) * | 1953-03-13 | 1957-07-24 | Boehme Fettchemie Gmbh | A process for preventing the electrical charging of textile materials |
| GB828012A (en) * | 1957-04-29 | 1960-02-10 | Dexter Chemical Corp | A composition for application to textile material to impart antistatic and rewetting properties thereto |
-
0
- NL NL291670D patent/NL291670A/xx unknown
- BE BE631199D patent/BE631199A/xx unknown
-
1963
- 1963-04-16 DE DEP31600A patent/DE1286683B/de active Pending
- 1963-04-17 LU LU43578D patent/LU43578A1/xx unknown
- 1963-04-17 FR FR931739A patent/FR1362032A/fr not_active Expired
- 1963-04-17 GB GB15196/63A patent/GB990713A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB665914A (en) * | 1948-09-01 | 1952-02-06 | Wakefield & Co Ltd C C | Improvements in or relating to the anti-static treatment of textile fibres, filaments and yarns |
| GB779491A (en) * | 1953-03-13 | 1957-07-24 | Boehme Fettchemie Gmbh | A process for preventing the electrical charging of textile materials |
| GB828012A (en) * | 1957-04-29 | 1960-02-10 | Dexter Chemical Corp | A composition for application to textile material to impart antistatic and rewetting properties thereto |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0040080A3 (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1982-10-27 | Courtaulds Plc | Nylon 6 polymer and process for its manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB990713A (en) | 1965-04-28 |
| FR1362032A (fr) | 1964-05-29 |
| BE631199A (en, 2012) | |
| LU43578A1 (en, 2012) | 1963-06-17 |
| NL291670A (en, 2012) |
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