DE102016106780B4 - Device on a card or card - Google Patents

Abstract

Device on a carding or carding machine, which preferably extends over the entire working width of the carding machine or card, comprising at least one functional side or functional surface which can come into direct or indirect contact with fiber material, the device having at least one cavity which is at least partially along its length, wherein in the cavity (20d, 20e) a deformation device (21) is arranged, with which within the cavity (20d, 20e) a force for bending the device can be generated, characterized in that the deformation device (21) is formed is to exert a point or line load on a wall of the cavity (20d, 20e), wherein the deformation device (21) comprises two elements with an adjustable stop (24), wherein on one element acts a buckling load, and on the other element Tensile load acts.

Description

The invention relates to a device on a carding or carding machine, which preferably extends over the entire working width of the carding machine or card, comprising at least one functional side or functional surface which can come into direct or indirect contact with fiber material, wherein the device has at least one cavity, which extends at least partially along its length, according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a deformation device and a measuring device.

On cards of the current type, covers with flexible trimmings (traveling lids) and / or fixed card elements with all-steel trimmings are used as carding elements for the carding process. The actual trimmings are absorbed by high-precision carrier components. Usually, today used as a support member extruded aluminum profiles. These have many advantages in addition to such. As low weight, high rigidity, etc., but the disadvantage that they deform in one-sided heating, which is the case with carding, to the heated side. The higher the component, the greater the temperature difference that affects the deflection. This deformation leads to a non-constant carding gap, which in turn results in a non-optimal technological carding result.

The carrier profiles for carding elements are today designed as completely closed aluminum extruded profiles. The heat generated during the carding process is dissipated to a large extent on the Festkardierelemente and the revolving lid to the outside. The necessary temperature gradient within the profile cross-section leads to the deformation of the Festkardierelements. The greater this gradient, the greater the deformation.

By warming up but not only creates a thermal expansion over the entire working width of the card, but it also creates thermal gradients on the embodiments of the various components of the card. For example, at the drum surface, a temperature of 45 ° C may arise. One of the drum gege located over Kardierelement will also reach this temperature on the side of the drum set. On the other hand, on the side of the carding element facing away from the drum, which, owing to the working width and the accuracy of the elements, have a height of several centimeters due to their design, the temperature reaches a significantly lower value (eg 28 ° C.). The difference in temperature over a carding element can thus amount to a few degrees Celsius. How big this temperature difference is depends on the nature of the element (construction, material), the work of carding (speed, production), the distance of the element to the roller and how the heat that results can be dissipated.

This thermal gradient causes the elements to sag across the width of the card. This deflection creates a narrower carding gap in the middle than outside. This creates a non-uniform carding gap that widens outwards. This leads to a reduced carding quality and / or a poorer Nissenauflösung. This can also lead to "side flight" of the fibers. This means that fibers accumulate in the edge region and even settle, especially outside the working width. These effects are expressed in a card with a working width of 1 meter, but increase with increasing working width, z. B. if the working width is greater than 1 meter, for example, 1.2 meters and more. The deviation caused by the above-mentioned effects can not be neglected here, but are a problem for the carding quality of the card. The problem of thermal deflection is added to the mechanical deflection, which increases with increasing working width.

The fact that festkardierelemente and revolving flat bars warm up during operation of the card, the extruded aluminum Festkardierelemente or Wanderdeckelstäbe act on the outside (side facing away from the drum) as heat sinks that release their heat by free convection to the surrounding air. This creates a low temperature gradient within the extruded profile. The side facing the drum is warmer and therefore expands more than the outward facing side, causing the fixed card or moving top bar to bend towards the drum. This flexing (and also the stretching of the drum) causes the carding nip in the center of the machine to become narrower, thus making the web more uneven and the quality worse. In addition, side flight can arise.

The DE 10 2010 053 178 A1 and the DE 10 2011 009 938 A1 describe a Kardierelement which is compressed along its longitudinal axis by means of pull rod and thereby receives a hollow contour. The tension rod provides a double-sided threaded end on which a nut or a threaded sleeve can be screwed.

The pull rod causes a sometimes unspecific buckling of the carding, the only by an appropriate design of the profile of the carding in the right direction the desired effect generated. Another disadvantage is the superposition of a bending load during carding with the buckling load by the tension rod, whereby a particularly light and thin-walled profile can not be used. In the area of the nut or the threaded sleeve, a high surface pressure arises on the carding element, which is undesirable.

In the DE 103 36 477 B3 discloses a trough having in its cavity a rod which cooperates with at least one strut. The rod can be claimed by the end faces with a bending load, so that the deflection of the trough can be compensated due to its own weight. With multiple struts in the cavity results in a wave-shaped deformation of the trough, which is undesirable.

The DE 20 2007 002 975 U1 discloses the compensation of the deflection of a trough in which act on these at several points from the outside actuating forces.

The object of the invention is the development of a device on a card or card, with a thermal deformation of a component is adjustable and which is inexpensive to produce. Furthermore, the formation of an associated measuring device is the subject of the invention.

These objects are achieved according to the preamble of claims 1 and 12 with the respective characterizing features. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention can be used on a carding machine or carding machine, which preferably extends over the entire working width. It comprises at least one functional side or functional surface which may come into direct or indirect contact with fibrous material, the device having at least one cavity extending at least partially along its length.

The invention includes the technical teaching that a deformation device is arranged in the cavity, with which a force for bending the device can be generated within the cavity. The functional side or functional surface can be designed as a sliding surface, for example on a feed or intake trough, with which fiber flakes or a fleece are fed to a roller or a belt. However, the functional side or functional surface can also be designed as a surface which has or can accommodate elements for carding. This can be arranged between the functional surface, such as a revolving lid, and the fiber material still a fastenable clothing.

The invention is based on the recognition that a force for bending or for thermal compensation is necessary and advantageous only within the device. Forces applied to the device from outside must be significantly larger because of the cross-sectional shape of a carding element, for example, in order to achieve the same effect. In this case, the forces acting from outside on the device can be nonspecific and cause a multiple deformation, which is partially undesirable. With the deformation device according to the invention can be bent very concave or convex with a much smaller load, the device, with temperature fluctuations (starting temperature operating temperature) can be compensated. Providing the force to bend the device within the cavity creates a tamper-proof and invisible to the user solution that is fully integrated with the device. The fact that the force required for bending is generated exclusively within the device, the cross-section of the device can be reduced, since it does not have to absorb external forces. In this case, the strained deformation device can act within the device as additional stabilization or cross-sectional reinforcement.

Advantageously, the functional side or functional surface on a carding and / or cleaning and / or acceptance and / or covering function. Thus, in particular the gaps between two components over the full working width can be adjusted.

The deformation device is designed to exert a point or line load on an (arbitrary) wall of the cavity. Thus, the device is deformed very targeted.

In this case, the deformation device may comprise two elements with an adjustable stop, wherein on one element acts a buckling load, and on the other element acts a tensile load. Due to the kink load on a wall of the cavity creates a point or parabolic strain, so that this wall convexly convex and the opposite wall bends concave. The arrangement of the deformation device within the cavity allows almost any deformation of the device, which is not achievable with acting from the outside on the device forces in the accuracy.

The adjustable stop, with which the buckling load is generated, allows a lasting Setting the deformation or a pre-deformation to compensate for temperature fluctuations.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the deformation device is positively secured within the cavity against rotation or tilting.

According to an advantageous embodiment, a sliding lining is arranged between the deformation device and the walls of the cavity. The sliding coating can advantageously consist of a shrinking tube (for example Teflon-coated) comprising the deformation device, or simply of a lubricant, so that the resultant of the buckling load is converted into a bending load as exclusively as possible without frictional losses.

Preferably, the deformation device has a first end, at which the first element is connected to the second element. The connection must be designed so that it can absorb the compressive force to achieve the buckling load. At a second end of the stop is arranged. The stop is adjustable or displaceable formed along the deformation device and generates the required compressive force, which leads to the buckling load on an element. Advantageously, so that the deformation device is operated from one side, which greatly facilitates the adjustability of the device, especially for large working widths.

In an advantageous embodiment, an element is designed as a tension rod and another element as a buckling bar. This creates a very inexpensive device with which the gap is adjustable, for example, between a carding element and a drum. This embodiment is supplemented by a stop comprising a nut and a disc. Both components are adjustable along the longitudinal axis of the tension rod, in which, for example, the nut along a threaded portion on the tension rod is rotatable. Due to the adjustability of the stop, in which a pressure force is exerted on the front side of the buckling bar via the disc, the deformation of the device can be adjusted very accurately and permanently. The invention can thus be realized very inexpensively by simple components.

The deformation device according to the invention for use on a machine in spinning preparation, in particular carding or carding, comprises a first element and a second element, which are connected to one another at a first end. At a second end, a stop is arranged, with which a pressure or buckling load on the first element is exercisable. By mounting or using the deformation device in the cavity of a device on a card or carding this can be easily concave or convex deformed in almost any direction.

• 1: eine schematisch Seitenansicht einer Karde mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
• 2: einen Querschnitt durch ein umlaufendes Kardierelement;
• 3a - 3d: zwei Darstellungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einer zugehörigen Vergrößerung;
• 4: eine Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in dem Hohlraum eines Kardierelementes;
• 5: eine in einer Karde installierte schematische Meßvorrichtung;
• 6: eine Vliesmulde mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.

Further, measures improving the invention will be described in more detail below together with the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:

• 1 a schematic side view of a card with the device according to the invention;
• 2 a cross-section through a circumferential carding element;
• 3a - 3d two representations of the device according to the invention with an associated magnification;
• 4 a representation of the device according to the invention in the cavity of a Kardierelementes;
• 5 a schematic measuring device installed in a card;
• 6 : a fleece trough with the device according to the invention.

1 shows a card according to the prior art, in the fiber flakes via a shaft to a feed roller 1 , a dining table 2 , about several lunatics 3a . 3b . 3c , to the drum 4 or the drum. On the drum 4 the fibers of the fiber flakes by means of fixed and arranged on a revolving lid circulating carding 20 parallelized and cleaned. The resulting batt is subsequently via a customer 5 , a doffer roll 6 and several nip rolls 7 . 8th , to a non-woven element 9 promoted the batt with a funnel 10 transformed into a sliver, which via take-off rolls 11 . 12 to a subsequent processing machine or jug 15 passes.

2 shows a cross section through a circulating Kardierelement 20 or flat bar, in which, for the sake of simplicity, the foot area 20c of the flat bar 20 arranged set is not shown. To 2 exists the carding element 20 , which is extruded from aluminum, for example, from a back part 20a and a support body 20b , Below the supporting body 20b is a foot area 20c arranged on which a set, not shown, can be fastened. The carding element 20 has at least one, in this embodiment, two cavities 20d . 20e on, extending along the longitudinal axis of the carding element 20 extend. In one of these cavities 20d or 20e is the device according to the invention according to the 3a - 3d inserted.

3a shows a deformation device according to the invention 21 that have a first and a second end 21a . 21b includes. A first element of the deformation device 21 is loaded approximately midway on bending or buckling and deforms such that a point or line load on the back 20a from the inside, which causes a deformation of the entire carding element 20 effected in the same load direction. In this embodiment, the first element is a buckling bar 22 educated. A second element of the deformation device 21 , here as a pull rod 23 formed, ensures the generation of the bending or buckling of the first element. In this embodiment, one is on the second element in the axial longitudinal direction of the deformation device 21 adjustable stop 24 arranged, which exerts a compressive force on the first element, so that it bends. The stop 24 is formed along the longitudinal axis of the deformation device 21 to proceed and thereby a compressive force on the buckling bar 22 exercise. In the embodiment of 3a - 3d are a bent stick 22 and a pull rod 23 at a first end 21a firmly connected. The compound can be solvable or insoluble. In any case, it must be suitable for applying the counterforce to the pressure force. At the second end 21b points the tie rod 23 a threaded shaft 23a on top of which a disc 26 with a mother 25 was mounted. The mother 25 gets on the threaded shaft 23a screwed on and pushes the disc 26 against a front edge of the buckling bar 22 , With further tensing of the mother 25 becomes the buckling bar 22 kinked, causing it to become centered within the cavity 20d on one side applies and a bend of the Kardierelementes 20 caused. The tension rod 23 can be designed as a threaded rod and the buckling bar 22 For example, as a flat steel with rectangular cross-section. This can simultaneously a positive connection within the cavity 20d be achieved, causing the buckling bar 22 can not move laterally under load.

3a shows the unstressed deformation device 21 and 3b the tensioned deformation device 21 , In the corresponding enlargements of the 3c and 3d is the respective position of the stop 24 So here's the mother 25 with the disc 26 shown.

The deformation device 21 is suitable in any orientation one of the four insides of the cavities 20d or 20e to apply a bending force. Preferably, the deformation device 21 so in the cavities 20d or 20e mounted so that the foot area is bent convexly or concavely. The dimensions of the deformation device are 21 designed so that these form-fitting with the cavity 20d or 20e cooperates and thereby an indefinite tilt or twist within the cavity 20d or 20e is avoided. Since profiles made of aluminum are not always pulled exactly flat, but can easily deform due to subsequent treatment or internal stresses, the deformation device 21 also used to the carding element 20 just align.

4 shows the use of a deformation device 21 in the upper cavity 20d a shortened Kardierelementes 20 , The deformation device 21 is completely in the cavity 20d integrated and not recognizable from the outside. For this purpose, not shown frontal covers the profile of the carding 20 close. At the first end 21a are the tension rod 23 and the buckling bar 22 firmly connected to each other, for example, welded. At the opposite second end 21b is the stop 24 arranged, in this embodiment of a disc 26 and a mother 25 exists on the threaded shaft 23a are screwed on. By twisting the nut 25 towards the first end 21a becomes the buckling bar 22 kinked and deformed by the dimension Y. The buckling bar 22 is due to its elastic deformation on the upper wall within the cavity 20d instead of the theoretical point load in practice causes a parabolic line load, the Kardierelement 20 bends by the dimension X The resulting bending line deviates from a central to the carding 20 attacking point load only slightly off. Important is a positive connection within the cavity 20 at least for the buckling rod 22 so that this front end does not touch the bearing surface on the disc 26 can dodge. The deformation of the buckling bar 22 inside the cavity 20d by the dimension Y causes such a deformation of the carding 20 that the foot area 20c along its longitudinal axis receives a small concave contour (by the dimension X), which in turn can lead to an approximately flat surface by the additional heat influence during carding. About the deformation device 21 can the carding element 20 outside the card so pre-set and deform that the foot area 20c is level with the set in the heated operating condition and thus the exact same distance to the drum over the working width 4 having. The back part 20a of the carding element 20 is then at least slightly convex. An installation position of the deformation device rotated by 180 ° 21 inside the cavity 20d or 20e causes an opposite deformation of the carding element 20 so that the foot area 20c receives a convex contour.

At the first end 21a the deformation device 21 are the tension rod 23 and the buckling bar 22 firmly connected. This can be done via a welded joint, a clamp or for example, a screw connection. In any case, this connection must be the counterforce to the pressure force of the stop 24 muster.

The stop 24 who in this embodiment as a mother 25 with disc 26 is formed and along the longitudinal axis of the deformation device 21 a compressive force on the buckling bar 22 can also alternatively be designed as a mechanical, hydraulic (eg hydraulic punch), pneumatic or electrical solution. The advantage of this deformation device 21 Among other things, the fact that an adjustability of only one side is possible, which greatly simplifies the adjustment or readjustment. Another advantage of this illustrated feasibility is the very inexpensive manufacturability by means of standard parts. With a second nut for countering or a thread that is flat in the pitch, a self-locking is additionally generated, which enables a fast driving style, including vibrations, even in robust operation.

To clearly specify the direction of buckling, the buckling bar 22 From the cross section ago be formed so that it kinks preferentially only in one direction. The buckling bar 22 can also be centered to the tension rod 23 be lined with a compressible medium in tenths, so that a narrow viewing gap is created. It is easier and even safer to use the buckling bar 22 on its front side at the contact point of the disc 26 beveled so that the force application point below the center of gravity, closer to the tie rod 23 lies. It is even easier, the buckling bar 22 before attachment with the tie rod 23 at the first end 21a Manual prone easily, so that already in the welded state between tension rod 23 and buckling bar 22 a Sichtsspalt in tenth range arises. This approach will cause the buckling 22 when inserted into the cavity of the cover profile acts as a leaf spring, generates a corresponding insertion resistance, ensures a clean system of functional surfaces and no longer alone when handling the Kardierelementes 20 can fall out.

The assembly of the deformation device 21 in the carding element 20 happens by lateral insertion of the deformation device 21 in the cavity 20d or 20e of the carding element 20 with completely dissolved nut 25 , Between the cavity 20d or 20e and the deformation device 21 There must be enough game to do this. The deformation device 21 is preferably installed sufficiently lubricated and lubricated. Alternatively, the entire deformation device 21 - With the exception of the adjustment - wrapped in a slippery (Teflon-coated), not shown heat shrink tubing. The shrink tube is dimensional in the realization of the game between deformation device 21 and cavity 20d or 20e to take into account. The shrink tubing prevents corrosion and contact corrosion should the selected material pairing in the stress series be far apart. By very lightly tightening the mother 25 becomes the deformation device 21 already against falling out of the cavity 20d secured.

To pass through the pre-bend of the carding element 20 during operation a flat foot area during the thermal load 20c to get the pull rod 23 and the buckling bar 22 have the same thermal expansion coefficient and therefore consist of the same material.

Between the cavity 20d in the carding element 20 and the deformation device 21 There is no positive or positive connection, only a limited frictional engagement, which can be further reduced by a lubrication or a sheath. The different thermal expansion coefficients of the carding element 20 (Aluminum) and the deformation device 21 (Steel, composite material, etc.) have no influence on the overall system. The carding element 20 and the deformation device 21 can expand or shrink differently, even in opposite directions, without influencing each other. A room temperature caused bending of the carding element 20 in the sense of a bimetallic effect is largely excluded. In order to avoid unforeseeable interactions between different material pairings, preferably both the carding element 20 as well as the deformation device 21 be made of the same material, for example aluminum.

In an alternative embodiment, the buckling bar 22 also at the first end 21a with the pull rod 23 be connected and at the second end 21b on the tie rod 23 be slidably guided. By applying a bending force in the middle between the tension rod 23 and the buckling bar 22 For example, by a hydraulic punch, a fluid muscle or a mechanical device, the same result is achieved. The buckling bar 22 becomes the bending rod and also brings a parabolic surface load on an inner wall of a cavity 20d . 20e , resulting in deformation of the entire carding element 20 leads.

In a further alternative embodiment, the tension rod 23 be executed at the opposite ends, each with a left and a right-hand thread, which in each case a stop on both sides 24 exhibit. The buckling bar 22 , then between two slices 26 is trapped, the carding element 20 convex or bend concave. That assumes, however, that the buckling bar 22 parallel to the tie rod 23 is arranged and thus the bending / bending line is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tension rod.

In a further embodiment, at least a part of the buckling bar 22 contain a shape memory alloy. Because the expansion behavior of the buckling bar 22 is determined by its temperature change, when using a shape memory alloy, the required restoring force by the carding 20 self generated because of the buckling bar 22 how a leaf spring works. With appropriate design of the deformation device can thus be a carding 20 generate, which always has the optimum contour at every practical temperature. Due to the adjustable stop 24 let the carding elements 20 for a common initial state (for example 22 ° C or 24 ° C ambient temperature).

The embodiments listed above relate to carding elements 20 , which can be used both as Festkardierelemente or in the form of rotating flat bars.

In 5 shows a perspective view of a revolving lid 17 with a plurality of individual circumferential carding elements 20 , In the embodiment, three measuring sensors 18a . 18b . 18c over the length (= working width) of the carding element 20 arranged distributed the the flatness of the back part 20a or determine the deviation from the theoretical flatness. It is crucial that the determination of the contour of the carding element 20 can be done in the installed state, without the carding elements 20 from the revolving lid 17 expand. Instead of the three measuring sensors 18a . 18b . 18c can also be a measuring sensor 18b be arranged on a cross member, not shown, wherein the measuring sensor 18 over the length (= working width) of the carding element 20 along the traverse is movable and thus determines the contour of the carding or its deviation from the theoretical flatness and forwards the measured values to a measuring system. The traverse can with the or the measuring sensors 18b be used for each card, so that a spinning if necessary, only one measuring device needed.

Thereby, that the contour of the carding elements 20 can be determined by the measuring sensors in the installed state, by adjusting the deformation device 21 on one end face of the carding elements 20 the carding gap without dismantling the carding elements 20 be determined and adjusted.

In 6 is an example of a hollow 14 for a card or card, which can be used as a feed or feed trough, and a uniform over the width supply of fiber flakes or a fleece to a spaced roller 16 provides. In contrast to cards, which have a maximum working width of 1.5 m at present, the working width of a carding machine can be up to 5 m. This causes deviations in the distance between the trough 14 and the roller 16 For example, due to manufacturing tolerances or due to the heating during operation, significantly larger than the card. To 6 is the deformation device according to the invention 21 in a cavity 14a the hollow 14 mounted and ensures due to the bias by the stop 24 for a bend in the hollow 14 , In contrast to the prior art, in which wells of large width are designed with adjustable segments, can on the deformation device 21 a over the entire width linear adjustment of the gap between trough 14 and roller 16 respectively.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

feed roll

2

dining table

3a, 3b, 3c

licker

4

drum

5

customer

6

doffer

7

Nipper

8th

Nipper

9

Vliesleitelement

10

funnel

11

off roll

12

off roll

13

carding

14

trough

14a

cavity

15

pot

16

roller

17

revolving flat

18a, 18b, 18c

measuring sensor

20

carding

20a

back

20b

supporting body

20c

footer

20d

cavity

20e

cavity

21

deformation device

21a

first end

21b

second end

22

buckling

23

tension rod

23a

threaded shaft

24

attack

25

mother

26

disc

Claims (12)

Device on a carding or carding machine, which preferably extends over the entire working width of the carding machine or card, comprising at least one functional side or functional surface which can come into direct or indirect contact with fiber material, the device having at least one cavity which is at least partially along its length, wherein in the cavity (20d, 20e) a deformation device (21) is arranged, with which within the cavity (20d, 20e) a force for bending the device can be generated, characterized in that the deformation device (21) is formed is to exert a point or line load on a wall of the cavity (20d, 20e), wherein the deformation device (21) comprises two elements with an adjustable stop (24), wherein on one element acts a buckling load, and on the other element Tensile load acts. Device after Claim 1 , characterized in that the functional side or functional surface has a carding and / or cleaning and / or acceptance and / or covering function. Device after Claim 1 , characterized in that the adjustable stop (24) is adapted to adjust the size of the point or line load to be generated. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformation device (21) is positively secured within the cavity (20d, 20e) against rotation or tilting. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sliding lining is arranged between the deformation device (21) and the walls of the cavity (20d, 20e). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformation device (21) has a first end (21a), on which the first element is connected to the second element. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformation device has a second end (21b) on which the stop (24) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop (24) is designed to exert a compressive load on an end face of an element. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an element as a pull rod (23) and another element as a buckling bar (22) is formed. Device after Claim 9 , characterized in that the stop (24) along the longitudinal axis of the tension rod (23) is adjustable. Device after Claim 10 , characterized in that the stop (24) comprises a nut (25) and a disc (26) which are rotatable along a threaded portion on the tension rod (23). Deformation device for use on a machine in spinning preparation, in particular carding or carding, comprising a first element and a second element, which are connected to one another at a first end (21a), wherein a stop (24) is arranged at a second end (21b) is, with a pressure or buckling load on the first element is exercisable.

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