DE102014218367A1 - Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102014218367A1
DE102014218367A1 DE102014218367.7A DE102014218367A DE102014218367A1 DE 102014218367 A1 DE102014218367 A1 DE 102014218367A1 DE 102014218367 A DE102014218367 A DE 102014218367A DE 102014218367 A1 DE102014218367 A1 DE 102014218367A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
gas diffusion
diffusion electrode
silver
carbon nanotubes
fluoropolymer
Prior art date
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DE102014218367.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Bulan
Jürgen Kintrup
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Covestro Deutschland AG
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Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Covestro Deutschland AG filed Critical Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority to DE102014218367.7A priority Critical patent/DE102014218367A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2015/069723 priority patent/WO2016037866A1/de
Priority to US15/510,286 priority patent/US10711356B2/en
Priority to KR1020177006461A priority patent/KR20170051440A/ko
Priority to CN201580048714.2A priority patent/CN106795639B/zh
Priority to EP15760123.8A priority patent/EP3191620B1/de
Priority to JP2017513487A priority patent/JP2017536473A/ja
Publication of DE102014218367A1 publication Critical patent/DE102014218367A1/de
Priority to JP2020191631A priority patent/JP2021038465A/ja
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
    • C25B11/069—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of at least one single element and at least one compound; consisting of two or more compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
    • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
    • C25B11/095—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/8668—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8896—Pressing, rolling, calendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M8/083—Alkaline fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/8689—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H01M8/146—Fuel cells with molten hydroxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
DE102014218367.7A 2014-09-12 2014-09-12 Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Withdrawn DE102014218367A1 (de)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014218367.7A DE102014218367A1 (de) 2014-09-12 2014-09-12 Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
PCT/EP2015/069723 WO2016037866A1 (de) 2014-09-12 2015-08-28 Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US15/510,286 US10711356B2 (en) 2014-09-12 2015-08-28 Oxygen-consuming electrode and method for producing same
KR1020177006461A KR20170051440A (ko) 2014-09-12 2015-08-28 산소-소모 전극 및 그의 제조 방법
CN201580048714.2A CN106795639B (zh) 2014-09-12 2015-08-28 耗氧电极及其制造方法
EP15760123.8A EP3191620B1 (de) 2014-09-12 2015-08-28 Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
JP2017513487A JP2017536473A (ja) 2014-09-12 2015-08-28 酸素消費電極およびその製造方法
JP2020191631A JP2021038465A (ja) 2014-09-12 2020-11-18 酸素消費電極およびその製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014218367.7A DE102014218367A1 (de) 2014-09-12 2014-09-12 Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Publications (1)

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DE102014218367A1 true DE102014218367A1 (de) 2016-03-17

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DE102014218367.7A Withdrawn DE102014218367A1 (de) 2014-09-12 2014-09-12 Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10711356B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP3191620B1 (https=)
JP (2) JP2017536473A (https=)
KR (1) KR20170051440A (https=)
CN (1) CN106795639B (https=)
DE (1) DE102014218367A1 (https=)
WO (1) WO2016037866A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106941180A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-07-11 上海汉行科技有限公司 一种混合电池体系正极
CN108823613A (zh) * 2018-05-24 2018-11-16 西安建筑科技大学 一种轻质热压覆金属箔基二氧化铅电极的制备方法
JP7249574B2 (ja) * 2018-06-07 2023-03-31 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 燃料電池用ガス拡散層、膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池
KR102013864B1 (ko) * 2018-10-23 2019-08-23 (주) 테크로스 전기분해수 및 uv 처리를 이용하는 유기물의 고도 산화 방법
TWI820501B (zh) * 2021-10-27 2023-11-01 台灣奈米碳素股份有限公司 電極的製造方法及其催化層

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GB1469930A (en) 1974-10-11 1977-04-06 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Carbon filaments
EP0056004A2 (en) 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Production of carbon filaments in the presence of iron monoxide
WO1986003455A1 (en) 1984-12-06 1986-06-19 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Carbon fibrils, method for producing same, and compositions containing same
DE102005023615A1 (de) 2005-05-21 2006-11-23 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasdiffusionselektroden
WO2007093337A2 (de) 2006-02-16 2007-08-23 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von katalysatoren
WO2009036877A2 (de) 2007-09-14 2009-03-26 Bayer Materialscience Ag Kohlenstoffanoröhrchenpulover, kohlenstoffanoröhrchen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
WO2010069490A1 (de) 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Elektrochemisches verfahren zur reduktion molekularen sauerstoffs
DE102009058833A1 (de) 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 Bayer Technology Services GmbH, 51373 Stickstoff-dotierte Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen mit Metall-Nanopartikeln
EP2397578A2 (de) 2010-06-16 2011-12-21 Bayer MaterialScience AG Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

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US20040197638A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-10-07 Mcelrath Kenneth O Fuel cell electrode comprising carbon nanotubes
SG178806A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2012-03-29 Univ Nanyang Tech Electrode materials for metal-air batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors
EP2228857A1 (de) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-15 Basf Se Verbesserte Membran-Elektrodeneinheiten
DE102010031571A1 (de) 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Bayer Materialscience Ag Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode
WO2012100354A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Zhongwei Chen Core-shell structured bifunctional catalysts for metal air battery/fuel cell
JP5660917B2 (ja) * 2011-02-04 2015-01-28 国立大学法人東京工業大学 燃料電池用空気極触媒とその製造方法
GB201101968D0 (en) 2011-02-04 2011-03-23 Afc Energy Plc Fuel cell assembly
DE102011005454A1 (de) * 2011-03-11 2012-09-13 Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sauerstoffverzehrelektroden
DE102011083118A1 (de) * 2011-09-21 2013-03-21 Future Carbon Gmbh Gasdiffusionsschicht mit verbesserter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit und Gasdurchlässigkeit
WO2014058984A2 (en) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc Gas diffusion electrodes and methods for fabricating and testing same
DE102014218368A1 (de) * 2014-09-12 2016-03-17 Covestro Deutschland Ag Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1469930A (en) 1974-10-11 1977-04-06 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Carbon filaments
EP0056004A2 (en) 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Production of carbon filaments in the presence of iron monoxide
WO1986003455A1 (en) 1984-12-06 1986-06-19 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Carbon fibrils, method for producing same, and compositions containing same
EP0205556B1 (en) 1984-12-06 1995-05-10 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Carbon fibrils, method for producing same, and compositions containing same
DE102005023615A1 (de) 2005-05-21 2006-11-23 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasdiffusionselektroden
WO2007093337A2 (de) 2006-02-16 2007-08-23 Bayer Materialscience Ag Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von katalysatoren
WO2009036877A2 (de) 2007-09-14 2009-03-26 Bayer Materialscience Ag Kohlenstoffanoröhrchenpulover, kohlenstoffanoröhrchen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
WO2010069490A1 (de) 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Elektrochemisches verfahren zur reduktion molekularen sauerstoffs
DE102009058833A1 (de) 2009-12-18 2011-06-22 Bayer Technology Services GmbH, 51373 Stickstoff-dotierte Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen mit Metall-Nanopartikeln
EP2397578A2 (de) 2010-06-16 2011-12-21 Bayer MaterialScience AG Sauerstoffverzehrelektrode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

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I. Moussallem, J. Jörissen, U. Kunz, S. Pinnow, T. Turek, "Chlor-alkali electrolysis with oxygen depolarized cathodes: history, present status and future prospects", J Appl. Electrochem. 2008, 38, 1177-1194
Iijima (Nature 354, 1991, 56-8)
Iijima 5 (S. Iijima, Nature 354, 56-58, 1991
ISO 13320:2009
Jo et al., Macromolecular Research, 2005, Vol. 13, S. 521-528
L. Lipp "Peroxide formation in a zero-gap chlor-alkali cell with on oxygendepolarized cathode", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 35: 1015-1024 (2005)
L. Lipp et al.
Lipp et al, J. Appl. Electrochem. 35 (2005) 1015 - Los Alamos National Laboratory "Peroxide formation during chlor-alkali electrolysis with carbonbased ODC"
Milne et al., Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2003, Volume X, S. 1-22; ISBN 1-58883-001-2
Moussallem et al "Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis with Oxygen Depolarized Cathodes: History, Present Status and Future Prospects", J. Appl. Electrochem. 38 (2008) 1177-1194
O. Ichinose et al.
O. Ichinose et al. "Effect of silver catalyst on the activity and mechanism of a gas diffusion type oxygen cathode for chloralkali electrolysis", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 34: 55-59 (2004)
P. Matter et al., "Oxygen reduction reaction activity and surface properties of nanostructured nitrogen-containing carbon", Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 264: 73-81 (2007)
S. lijima, Nature 354, 56-58, 1991

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Publication number Publication date
WO2016037866A1 (de) 2016-03-17
KR20170051440A (ko) 2017-05-11
US10711356B2 (en) 2020-07-14
CN106795639B (zh) 2020-01-07
EP3191620A1 (de) 2017-07-19
EP3191620B1 (de) 2018-12-19
JP2017536473A (ja) 2017-12-07
CN106795639A (zh) 2017-05-31
US20170298524A1 (en) 2017-10-19
JP2021038465A (ja) 2021-03-11

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