JP2017536473A - 酸素消費電極およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
酸素消費電極およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
[実施例1(比較例)]
以下に電極の製造について説明する。
電極の製造は、実施例1に記載の通りに実行したが、CNTの代わりにCabot製のVulcanカーボンブラック グレードXC72Rを使用した。
窒素変性カーボンナノチューブNCNTは、流動床反応器(直径100mm)に導入された、国際公開第2007/093337号パンフレット(実施例1、触媒1)に記載の触媒を用いて製造した。60gの触媒および200gのNCNT(先行試験から)を最初に反応器中に導入し、そして30分間、27リットル/分の水素および3リットル/分の窒素流中で750℃において還元し、その後、水素流を停止し、窒素流を21.5リットル/分まで増加させ、そして同時に30g/分の供給速度でピリジンの導入を開始し、そして同様に750℃で30分間に継続した。冷却後、5.1重量%の窒素含有量を有する約400gのNCNTが得られた。さらなるNCNT材料を同様に製造し、そして少なくとも2個のNCNT製造バッチの混合物をその後製造し、次いで電極製造に使用した。
電気触媒に関して異なる組成物を有する電極を、実施例1の手順と同様の方法で製造した。しかしながら、40重量%の割合のPTFEの代わりに20重量%の割合のPTFEを使用し、そして60重量%のCNTの代わりに80重量%のCNTを使用し(比較例4)、実施例4に使用されたCNTは、流動床製造からの触媒の残渣含有量を除去するために、特別にクリーニングされたことが異なった。精製されたCNT材料は、0.02重量%のCNT触媒(CoおよびMn)の残渣含有量を有した。使用されたCNTは、0.15重量%のN含有量を有した。比較のために、80重量%の割合のCNTは、さらなる実施例(実施例5〜12)において、銀の割合を増加させることによって、段階的に置換された。PTFE、CNTおよび銀の含有量を以下の表1に示す。
Claims (18)
- 酸素還元用のガス拡散電極であって、前記ガス拡散電極が、少なくとも1枚のシート様導電性支持体と、前記支持体に適用されたガス拡散層および電気触媒とを有し、前記ガス拡散層が、少なくともカーボンナノチューブとPTFEとの混合物からなり、前記カーボンナノチューブおよびフルオロポリマーが粉末形態で前記支持体上に適用され、かつ圧縮されており、そして前記カーボンナノチューブが電気触媒として作用し、触媒およびフルオロポリマーの全含有量に基づき、1〜55重量%、好ましくは2〜35重量%の銀含有助触媒がさらなる電気触媒として存在することを特徴とする、ガス拡散電極。
- 第1にカーボンナノチューブおよび助触媒と、第2にフルオロポリマー、特にフルオロポリマーとしてのPTFEとの前記混合物が、1〜70%重量%、好ましくは5〜65%重量%、特に好ましくは10〜55%重量%のフルオロポリマーと、99〜30%重量%、好ましくは95〜35%重量%、特に好ましくは90〜45%重量%のカーボンナノチューブおよび助触媒とを含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 銀含有助触媒対カーボンナノチューブの重量比が、1:98〜55:40、好ましくは1:95〜30:65であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記電極が、0.2〜3mm、好ましくは0.2〜2mm、特に好ましくは0.2〜1mmの厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記電極の多孔率が70〜90%であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記助触媒が、銀、酸化銀または銀と酸化銀との混合物からなり、好ましくは銀からなり、銀酸化物は、好ましくは、酸化銀(I)であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記ガス拡散層が、前記支持体の表面に、片側または両側で適用され、好ましくは片側で適用されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブが、1重量%未満、特に0.5重量%未満、特に好ましくは0.3重量%以下の、特に遷移金属、特に好ましくはマンガンおよび/または鉄および/またはコバルトの、前記カーボンナノチューブを製造するために使用された前記触媒の触媒残渣の含有量を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブ粉末が凝集体として存在し、前記凝集体粒子の少なくとも95重量%が、30μm〜5000μm、特に好ましくは50μm〜3000μmの範囲の外径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記導電性支持体が、メッシュ、不織物、フォーム、織布、くみひも、または展延金属として構成されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 前記導電性支持体が、カーボンファイバー、ニッケル、銀、または貴金属によってコーティングされたニッケルからなり、前記貴金属が、好ましくは、銀、金および白金の1種またはそれ以上の群の中から選択され、特に好ましくは金であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極。
- 酸素還元用のガス拡散電極、特に請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極の製造方法であって、前記ガス拡散電極が、少なくとも1枚のシート様導電性支持体と、前記支持体に適用されたガス拡散層および電気触媒とを有し、かつ前記ガス拡散層が、少なくともカーボンナノチューブとフルオロポリマー、特にPTFEとの混合物からなり、前記カーボンナノチューブが電気触媒として作用し、前記カーボンナノチューブおよび前記フルオロポリマーが粉末形態で助触媒と一緒に乾燥混合され、次いで、前記支持体に適用され、そして押圧力の適用により圧縮され、触媒およびフルオロポリマーの全含有量に基づき、1〜55重量%、好ましくは2〜35重量%の銀含有助触媒が助触媒として使用されることを特徴とする、方法。
- 前記乾燥混合が、均質プレミックスを得るための第1段階において、前記混合物の温度が25℃以下、好ましくは20℃以下である状態で実行されることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥混合が、前記第1段階から均質プレミックスを得た後の混合ツールを使用する第2段階において、前記粉末混合物の温度が少なくとも30℃、好ましくは30℃〜80℃、特に好ましくは35℃〜70℃、非常に特に好ましくは40℃〜60℃である状態で実行されることを特徴とする、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
- 圧縮が、ローラー装置のローラーによって実行され、前記支持体および前記分散された粉末混合物に使用された(1または複数の)前記ローラーによって適用された前記線形押圧力が、好ましくは0.1〜1kN/cm、好ましくは0.2〜0.8kN/cmであることを特徴とする、請求項12〜14のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ローリングが、製造ルームの一定周囲温度で、特に20℃以下の温度で実行されることを特徴とする、請求項12〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- アルカリ媒体中での酸素還元用の酸素脱分極電極として、特に電気分解、特にクロルアルカリ電気分解における酸素脱分極カソードとして、またはアルカリ燃料電池における電極として、もしくは金属/空気電池における電極としての請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極の使用。
- 酸素脱分極カソードとして、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載のガス拡散電極を有する、特にクロルアルカリ電気分解用の電気分解装置。
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JP2019216084A (ja) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料電池用ガス拡散層、膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池 |
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CN106941180A (zh) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-11 | 上海汉行科技有限公司 | 一种混合电池体系正极 |
CN108823613A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-16 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种轻质热压覆金属箔基二氧化铅电极的制备方法 |
KR102013864B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-08-23 | (주) 테크로스 | 전기분해수 및 uv 처리를 이용하는 유기물의 고도 산화 방법 |
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JP2012188757A (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-10-04 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | 酸素消費電極の製造方法 |
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GB1469930A (en) | 1974-10-11 | 1977-04-06 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Carbon filaments |
CA1175616A (en) | 1981-01-05 | 1984-10-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Production of iron monoxide and carbon filaments therefrom |
US4663230A (en) | 1984-12-06 | 1987-05-05 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same |
JP4908846B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2012-04-04 | 三星電子株式会社 | 炭素ナノチューブ含有燃料電池電極 |
DE102005023615A1 (de) | 2005-05-21 | 2006-11-23 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gasdiffusionselektroden |
DE102006007147A1 (de) | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-23 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Katalysatoren |
DE102007044031A1 (de) | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchenpulver, Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
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DE102008063727A1 (de) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Elektrochemisches Verfahren zur Reduktion molekularen Sauerstoffs |
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JP2019216084A (ja) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料電池用ガス拡散層、膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池 |
JP7249574B2 (ja) | 2018-06-07 | 2023-03-31 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料電池用ガス拡散層、膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池 |
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KR20170051440A (ko) | 2017-05-11 |
CN106795639A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
US20170298524A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
DE102014218367A1 (de) | 2016-03-17 |
US10711356B2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
EP3191620A1 (de) | 2017-07-19 |
EP3191620B1 (de) | 2018-12-19 |
JP2021038465A (ja) | 2021-03-11 |
CN106795639B (zh) | 2020-01-07 |
WO2016037866A1 (de) | 2016-03-17 |
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