DE102014019773A1 - Apparatus and method for distinguishing solid objects, cooking fumes and smoke by means of the display of a mobile telephone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic device with a display. At least one pixel of the display functions as a transmitter (H) whose light intensity is modulated at least synchronously with a transmission signal (S5) and which feeds into a first transmission path (I1). This first transmission path (I1) terminates at an object (O) to be measured, which reflects and / or transmits the light of the at least one pixel functioning as a transmitter (H) and feeds it as an optical object signal into a second transmission path (I2) Receiver (D) ends. A compensation transmitter (K), which is fed by a compensation transmission signal (S3), feeds into a third transmission path (I3) an optical compensation light signal which also terminates at the receiver (D). The object signal and the compensation light signal are superimposed in the receiver (D). The overall light signal thus obtained by superposition is converted by the receiver (D) into a receiver output signal (S1). On the basis of this receiver output signal (S1), at least one controller (CT) now controls the amplitude of the transmission signal (S5) or the amplitude of the modulation of the said pixel, which functions as transmitter (H), and / or the amplitude of the compensation signal (S3). such that the relevant signal components of the transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) in the receiver output signal (S1) disappear, at least for a specific signal component of a transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3). The pixels of the display are used as transmitters of a proximity sensor system, an air quality sensor, a color sensor, a surface classification device or a gesture recognition system.

Description

introduction

The invention relates to a device and a method for a chamberless air condition sensor, in particular for a chamberless smoke and / or vapor and / or aerosol and / or dust and / or particle sensor, by means of a display for use in mobile electronic devices with a display is particularly suitable. Especially the use as a danger detector and especially as a smoke detector in the foreground.

Air condition sensors are used in particular as smoke and / or vapor and / or aerosol and / or dust and / or particle detectors and / or detectors of other loads on the room air. In the following text, therefore, the term air condition sensor can always be read as one of these types of detectors. This may be a stationary and / or mobile air condition sensor.

Numerous fire and flame detectors are known from the patent literature. The following, not complete list gives a rough overview:
WO 2014 022 525 A3 . EP 2 624 229 A1 . EP 2 624 228 A2 . DE 20 2012 008 716 U1 . EP 2 500 883 A2 . EP 2 402 920 A2 . EP 2 348 495 A1 . DE 10 2009 047 358 A1 . WO 2011 141 730 A1 . DE 10 2009 046 556 A1 . EP 2 270 762 A2 . JP 2010 073 025 A . US 2010 073 926 A1 . EP 2 472 486 A1 . US 8 106 784 B2 . JP 2009 211 327A . EP 2 093 734 A1 . EP 2 093 732A1 . EP 2 252 984 A1 . EP 1 870 866 A1 . KR 100 741 784B1 . EP 1 783 712 A1 . EP 1 709 606 A1 . EP 1 883 911 A2 . EP 1 687 786 A2 . EP 1 683 123A1 . WO 2005 043 479 A1 . EP 1 683 124 A1 . DE 10 2004 002 591 A1 . US 2004 080 321 A1 . EP 1 552 489 B1 . EP 1 376 504 A1 . EP 1 376 505 A1 . EP 1 664 751 A1 . US 6,545,608B1 . EP 1 298 615 B1 . EP 1 298617B1 . EP 1 282 092 B1 . EP 1 573 696 A1 . EP 1 783 711 A1 . EP 1 258 848 B1 . US 2002 089 426 A1 . US 2002 153 499 A1 . EP 1 247 267 A1 . US 2001 020 899A1 . US 2001 038 338 A1 . US 2002 060 632 A1 . US 2005 057 366 A1 . EP 1 087 352 A1 . DE 10 054 111 A1 . EP 1 049 061 B1 . EP 1 049 061 B2 . EP 1 261 953 A1 . DE 19 808 872 A1 . DE 19 733 375A1 . JPH 10 154 283 A . US 5,751,218 A . JPH 10 111 988A . JPH 10 116 396A . JPH 09 231 483A . JP 4 625 046 B2 . JP 4 714 759 B2 . JP 3 451 510 B2 . US Pat. No. 5,625,342 . EP 1 012 587 A1 . JPH 08 305 978 A . US 5 568 130 A . US 5 563 766 A . DE 29 609 124 U1 . JP 3 035 458 B2 . WO 9 705 586 A1 . EP 0 658 264 A1 . US 5 333 418 A . JPH 06 111 154 A . GB2286667 A . EP 0 616 305 A1 . EP 0 582 975 A1 . EP 0 570 431 A1 . EP 0 475 884 A1 . EP 0 474 860 A1 . US 5 019 805A . EP 0 423 489 A1 . DE 4 018 781A1 . EP 0 399 244 B1 . DE 3 904 979 A1 . US 4,906,978 A . EP 0 299 410 B1 . US 4,758,827 A . U.S. 4,839,527A . EP 0 233 754 B1 . US 4,786,811 A . US 4,672,217 A . US 4,667,106 A . EP 0 175 940 A1 . US 4 547 673 A . US 4,529,976 A . DE 3 341 781 A1 . US 4 638 304 A . EP 0 143 976 A1 . EP 0 127 645 A1 . EP 0 120 881 A1 . GB 2 137 390 B . EP 0 141 162 B1 . US 4,387,369 A . US 4,430,646 A . JPS 6 024 996 B2 . EP 0 030 621 A1 . US 4 250 500 A . JPS 55 166 794 A . US 4,225,860 A . EP 0 016 351 A1 . US 4 401 978 A . US 4,300,133 A . EP 0 014 251 A1 . EP 0 014 874 B1 . EP 0 041 952 B1 . US 4,205,306 A . US 4 226 533 A . US 4,300,099 A . DE 2 908 099 A1 . DE 2 908 100 A1 . US 4 233 594 A . DE 2 946 507 A1 . DE7823178U1 . DE2846384A1 . DE2752690A1 . US4134111A . US4131888A . DE 2 714 450 A1 . US 4,114,088 A . DE 2 709 487 A1 . DE 2 703 233 A1 . DE 2 619 083 A1 . DE 2 619 082 A1 . DE 2 630 572 A1 . US 3 987 423 A . DE 2 604 872 A1 . US Pat. No. 3,949,390 . DE 2 541 290 A1 . US 3,919,702A . US 3 909 815 A . DE 2 454 196 A1 . DE 2 452 839 A1 . DE 2 519 267 A1 . DE 2 615 412 A1 . DE 2 453 061 A1 . DE 2 358 706 A1 . DE 2 453 062 A1 . DE 2 700 906 A1 . US Pat. No. 3,842,409 A . DE 2 413 162 A1 . CH 554 571 A . DE 2 408 374 A1 . CH 550 445 A . US Pat. No. 3,805,066 . US Pat. No. 3,999,079 . DE 2 402 493 A1 . DE 2 346 249 A1 . US 3,754,219 A . AU 472 425 B2 . DE 2 310 490 A1 . US 3,728,706 A. . FR 2 108 895 B1 . DE 2 130 889 A1 . DE 1 952 891 A1 . DE 2 023 953 A1 . US Pat. No. 3,430,220 . US Pat. No. 3,262,106 . US 3 246 312 A . US Pat. No. 3,470,551 . DE 1 798 135 U . US 2,209,193 A . US 2 351 587 A DE 10 2011 108 389 A1 . US 2006 0 164 241 A1

All these detectors, if they function as smoke and / or vapor and / or aerosol and / or dust and / or particle detectors, have in common that they have a smoke chamber, which includes the actual inner measuring range and a smoke diffusion path. The purpose of the smoke diffusion section is to direct the smoke into the interior of the measuring device without letting light and / or other disturbance variables into the interior of the detector. At the same time, it provides a light-shielded measuring volume. However, the smoke chamber is an aesthetic and architectural disadvantage, since it is necessary that this chamber jumps out of the ceiling when mounted stationary.

Moreover, it is difficult for the prior art systems to correctly distinguish smoke, haze and particles. This is particularly difficult in those jobs where such pressures on the air naturally occur.

Finally, the smoke diffusion path leads to a dead time, in which the room already fills with smoke and the detector can not respond because the smoke chamber is not yet filled with smoke.

The invention presented here is based mainly related to the Halios ^® technology.

One particular method is the Halios ^® -IRDM method which is disclosed in particular in the following trademarks and registrations:
EP 1 913 420 B1 . DE 10 2007 005 187 B4 . DE 10 2005 045 993 B4 . DE102012024597.1 . DE102013013664.4 . EP12156720.0 . EP14161553.4 . EP14161556.7 . EP14161 559.1 . EP 1 979 764 B8 . EP 1 979 764 B1 . WO 2008 092 611 A

In the Halios ^® IRDM method, a light pulse is emitted and its light transit time is determined.

There is a special form of the more general HALIOS ^® process, which is known for example from the following disclosures:
EP 2016 480 B1 . EP 2 598 908 A1 . WO 2013 113 456 A1 . EP 2 594 023A1 . EP 2 653 885 A1 . EP 2 405 283 B1 . EP 2 602 635 B1 . EP 1 671 160 B1 . EP 2016 480 B1 . WO 2013 037 465 A1 . EP 1 901 947 B1 . US 2012 0326 958 A1 . EP 1 747 484 B1 . EP 2 107 550 A3 . EP 1 723 446 B1 . EP 1 435 509 B1 . EP 1 410 507 B1 . EP 801 726 B1 . EP 1 435 509 B1 . EP 1 269 629 B1 . EP 1 258 084 B1 . EP 801 726 B1 . EP 1 480 015 A1 . EP 1 410 507 B1 . DE 10 2005 045 993 B4 . DE 4 339 574 C2 . DE 4 411 770 C1 . DE4411773C2 . WO2013083346A1 . EP2679982A1 . WO2013076079 A1 . WO 2013 156 557 A1 . DE 10 2014 002 788 A1 . DE 10 2008 016 938 B3 ,

The following applications also relate Halios ^® systems:
EP12199090.7 . EP12199090.7 . WO / 2014/096385 . DE 10 2014 002 194 A1 . DE 10 2014 002 788 A1 . DE 10 2014 002 486 A1

• • ein Sender (H), der von einem Sendesignal (S5) gespeist wird, in eine erste Übertragungsstrecke (I1) einspeist und
• • diese erste Übertragungsstrecke (I1) an einem zu vermessenden Objekt (O) endet, das das Licht des Senders (H) reflektiert und/oder transmitteiert und
• • als optisches Objektsignal in eine zweite Übertragungsstrecke (I2) einspeist, die an einem Empfänger (D) endet und
• • und ein Kompensationssender (K), der durch ein Kompensationssendesignal (S3) gespeist wird, in eine dritte Übertragungsstrecke (I3) ein optisches Kompensationslichtsignal, das ebenfalls an dem Empfänger (D) endet, einspeist und
• • dass sich das Objektsignal und das Kompensationslichtsignal im Empfänger (D) überlagern, wobei aus dem Stand der Technik lineare und multiplizierende Überlagerungen bekannt sind, und
• • dass das so durch Überlagerung erhaltene Gesamtlichtsignal durch den Empfänger (D) in ein Empfängerausgangssignal (S1) gewandelt wird und
• • dass auf Basis dieses Empfängerausgangssignals (S1) zumindest ein Regler (CT) nun das Sendesignal (S5) und/oder das Kompensationssignal (S3), insbesondere in ihrer Amplitude, so ausregelt, dass zumindest für einen bestimmten Signalanteil eines Sendesignals (S5) und/oder Kompensationssendesignals (S3) die relevanten Signalanteile des Sendesignals (S5) und/oder Kompensationssendesignals (S3) im Empfängerausgangssignal (S1) verschwinden.

All these methods have in common that

• A transmitter (H), which is fed by a transmission signal (S5), feeds into a first transmission path (I1) and
• • This first transmission path (I1) ends at an object to be measured (O), which reflects the light of the transmitter (H) and / or transmits and
• • As an optical object signal in a second transmission path (I2) feeds, which ends at a receiver (D) and
• • and a compensation transmitter (K), which is fed by a compensation transmission signal (S3), in a third transmission path (I3) an optical compensation light signal, which also ends at the receiver (D), feeds and
• That the object signal and the compensation light signal are superimposed in the receiver (D), linear and multiplying superpositions being known from the prior art, and
• • that the total light signal thus obtained by superposition is converted by the receiver (D) into a receiver output signal (S1), and
• • that on the basis of this receiver output signal (S1) at least one controller (CT) now the transmission signal (S5) and / or the compensation signal (S3), in particular in their amplitude, so that at least for a certain signal component of a transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3), the relevant signal components of the transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) in the receiver output signal (S1) disappear.

Reference is made to the patent literature listed above.

• • dass dabei nicht nur die Amplitude eines Kompensationssendesignals (S3) und/oder die Amplitude eines Sendesignals (S3) durch den Regler (CT) geregelt wird,
• • sondern auch die Phase dieser beiden Signale gegeneinander und/oder die Verzögerung zumindest der relevanten Signalanteile dieser beiden Signale gegeneinander geregelt wird.

A Halios ^® IRDM system is additionally characterized by

• That not only the amplitude of a compensation transmission signal (S3) and / or the amplitude of a transmission signal (S3) is regulated by the controller (CT),
• • But the phase of these two signals against each other and / or the delay of at least the relevant signal components of these two signals is controlled against each other.

In contrast to phase control, a delay regulation is preferably used when the transmission signal (S5) is not monofrequent but band-limited.

Quite essential now is the need to be able to build a compact and inexpensive detector of air quality by means of a very compact air quality sensor that can be installed in a mobile device.

Although already revealed the US 2014 0 340 216 A1 a smoke detector for mobile electronic devices. The US 2014 0 340 216A1 However, for example, discloses in their 2 a smoke detector, which again according to the prior art requires a smoke chamber. However, because space is typically very limited in mobile devices such as cell phones, smart phones, tablet PCs, electronic watches and heart rate monitors, laptops, and similar devices, and is an essential general selection feature for usable technologies in such devices, the size of the smoke chamber must be so small in that either no reliable signal is obtained or the characterization of the signal of, for example, a smoke sensor in such a device is associated with such uncertainties that reliable alarming is not possible. In short: the in the US 2014 0 340 216 A1 The technical teaching disclosed is not functional and, due to a lack of reliability, carries the risk of false alarms and the retention of rescue workers in such false alarms that are urgently needed elsewhere. In addition, such an unreliable electronic device as a smoke detector would weigh the user in a security that does not exist to the necessary extent. A use of the technique according to the US 2014 0 340 216 A1 For the smoke detector to be used, therefore, according to the current state of the art, more damage than expected can be expected. To remedy this is the core task of this invention.

Such an air quality sensor, which solves the problems described above, can of course be used in other mobile and stationary equipment such as cooker hoods, kitchen appliances, smart cooking pots, ovens, microwave ovens, toasters, electric grills and other heat-generating kitchen appliances and other such appliances.

Object of the invention

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a reliable method and to propose a device that the measurement volume compared to the possible measurement volume of US20140340216A1 significantly increased and reduced the risk of false alarms. Furthermore, the measuring device must be as compact as possible with few components and take up as little space as possible. At the same time, such a device and such a method can also be used for other purposes.

This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1.

Description of the invention

The invention is based inter alia on the technical teachings of the still unpublished German patent applications DE 10 2014 009 641.6 and DE 10 2014 009 642.4 which are attached as a copy to this application and are in their entirety part of this disclosure. In addition, it utilizes the technical teachings of the aforementioned and listed references, which are also part of this disclosure in combination with the methods and apparatus disclosed herein.

In the scriptures DE 10 2014 009 641.6 and DE 10 2014 009 642.4 The idea of a free-space measuring path for an air condition sensor is already disclosed. This step allows the previously annoying small measurement volume in mobile devices, the functionality of the US 2014 0 340 216 A1 unfortunately, avoid, avoid.

In contrast to the two said unpublished German patent applications DE 10 2014 009 641.6 and DE 10 2014 009 642.4 discloses the document presented here, moreover, a further simplification of the structure, so that the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.

In the methods described in unpublished German patent applications DE 10 2014 009641.6 and DE 10 2014 009 642.4 and ^Halios® systems, the light propagation time from a transmitter (H) to a receiver (D), ie the mean distance to the ground or to an aerosol cloud, and secondly the reflection amplitude are evaluated. If transmitters (H) with different center of gravity wavelengths (λ _S ) are used, it is possible to conclude that a coarse-grained reflection spectrum can be used to distinguish between objects, cooking fumes and smoke.

From the said German patent applications DE 10 2014 009 641.6 and DE 10 2014 009 642.4 It is known that it is favorable to derive a so-called feature vector from the amplitude and delay measurements of the different channels with different center-of-wavelength (λ _S ) of the respective channel-specific transmitter / receiver combinations and then this, for example by means of an HMM recognition method that typically by a processor is performed to compare with predefined prototypes. Because of the greatest similarity, the system then selects the most probable state and / or predicts the probable evolution.

The disadvantage of these methods is that more than one compensation transmitter (K) and several transmitters (H) are needed for a functioning system to achieve sensitivity at several centroid wavelengths (λ _S ), which makes the system more expensive.

According to the invention it has now been recognized that, in contrast to the two German patent applications DE 10 2014 009 641.6 and DE 10 2014 009 642.4 it is not necessary to use more than one transmitter (H) and one compensation transmitter (K). For this purpose, according to the invention, the time measurement signal of the optical sensor, here a Halios ^® system, sampled discrete-time and the temporal sequence of Halios ^® metrics family of transformation in a transform unit or controller so obtained (ST) subjected. Of course, the system described here with those of the two German patent applications DE 10 2014 009 641.6 and DE 10 2014 009 642.4 be combined.

The aim of this transformation is, as part of the feature extraction, as described for example in the German patent application DE 10 2014 009 642.4 (please refer 8th is the same and the local reference numerals FE) above, to obtain a meaningful feature vector which already allows a Halios ^® -Messkanal a distinction of substances.

According to the invention, it has been recognized as a problem of a displacement of the measuring volume outside of the electronic device that such a system must also be able to distinguish between objects and aerosols. It is conceivable, for example, when mounting such a sensor in a mobile phone as the operating location of such an air quality sensor, that the air condition sensor is covered by an object, such as a piece of paper or a finger, without a present in the device proximity sensor detects this. According to the invention it was recognized that the timing of the respective Halios ^® - signal from the type of the object (O) in the measurement path (I1, I2) depends. To make this temporally different behavior of the evaluation by the state recognition system accessible is the task of said transformation. The values obtained by the transformation enter into the feature vector for evaluation.

Various transformations are known from mathematics that can be performed by the transformation unit or a controller (ST).

These are, for example, the Fourier transformation, the Hankel transformation, the Hilbert transformation, the cosine transformation, the short-term Fourier transformation, the Laplace transformation, the Mellin transformation, the sine transformation, the radon transformation, the wavelet transform and the two-sided Laplace transform and the Z transform.

In addition to these continuous transformations but rather the discrete transformations required to process the Halios ^® -Ausgangssignals usually come into question. These are, for example, the Bluestein FFT algorithm, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the discrete sine transform (DST), the Fourier transform for discrete-time signals, the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). , the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the discrete Hartley transform (DHT), the Hadamard transform, the fast wavelet transform, the wavelet packet transform, and the Z transform.

The following describes the application of the discrete Fourier transform. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that similar results can be achieved with other advantages and disadvantages with the other aforementioned transformations with different boundary conditions, so that need not be further elaborated here.

According to the invention it has now been recognized that the measurement signal of the respective spectra Halios ^® -Messwertsignals depending on the type of the object (O) obtained by a Fourier transform representation. Reference is made to the following figures.

It has been observed that water vapor produces a Halios ^® signal that corresponds to a white noise. In the measured value signal spectrum of water vapor, no frequencies dominate. The same is true of smoke.

If a solid object moves in front of the Halios ^® system, dominant peaks of higher amplitude are created.

Description of the figures

The invention will be explained below with reference to the attached exemplary figures. Decisive for the claimed scope are the claims.

1 shows the planned usage situation. The cloud of smoke (SM) is located above the electronic device, here a mobile phone (MP), with the transmitter (H). In the housing of the electronic device, here the mobile telephone (MP), a first opening (O1) for the exit of the light of the transmitter (H) in the measuring space above the mobile phone (MP) is mounted as an exemplary electronic device. Of course, other electronic devices with more or fewer transmitters (H) and corresponding first openings (O1) are conceivable. The light of the transmitter (H) is thus irradiated in a first transmission path (I1), which practically equals the emission lobe of the transmitter (H). The particles in the smoke or aerosol cloud (SM) now reflect the light of the transmitter (H). Some now scatter the light back at a suitable angle (α) so that the light from the transmitter (H) scattered back at the smoke or aerosol cloud (SM) falls on the receiver (D). It typically has a second opening (O2) in the electronic device, here a mobile phone (MP), happen. Of course, here again devices with more than one second opening (O2) and more than one receiver (D) conceivable. Reference should be made to the above-mentioned literature in this connection. In this case, the cloud of smoke (SM) scatters the light of the transmitter (H) in the middle at an average scattering point (AR) in a second transmission path (I2), which ends at the receiver (D). If no cloud of smoke (SM) is present, the light is scattered back much later. On the one hand, due to Huygen's principle, the duration of the light increases and, on the other hand, the successfully backscattered amplitude of the light backscattered into the receiver (D) decreases. The corresponding first transmission path (I1 ') and the corresponding second transmission path (I2') are typically longer without the smoke cloud (SM).

2 shows a Halios ^® controller according to the prior art, as it can be used for the device according to the invention. The receiver output signal (S1) is multiplied by the transmission signal (S5) in a first multiplication unit (M1). This shifts low-frequency interferers to higher frequencies. The useful signal itself is then found in the spectrum then typically in the range of 0Hz again. From the literature, the use of intermediate frequencies is known at this point. In this way, a filter input signal (S8) is formed. This is filtered in the subsequent first, typically linear first filter (F1) such that the resulting filter output signal (S9) typically no longer has any portions of the transmission signal (S5). Preferably, it is a DC signal. Since the first filter (F1) is typically a low-pass filter, it has an upper filter cut-off frequency (ω _g ). This is preferably chosen so that it is smaller than half the frequency bandwidth (Δω) of the transmission signal (S5). By the way, with this transmission signal (S5), the transmitter (H) is controlled. In the simplest case, the first filter (F1) is an integrator. In that case, the combination of the first multiplication unit (M1) and the first filter (F1) forms a scalar product between the transmission signal (S5) and the receiver output signal (S1). The filter output signal (S9) is then a measure of the extent to which portions of the transmission signal (S5) are contained in the receiver output signal (S1). For a good linearization of the overall control behavior, the filter output signal (S9) to the measured value signal (S4) is now significantly amplified, preferably with the aid of an amplifier (V1). This measured value signal (S4) is typically simultaneously the measured value signal which represents the measured value for the attenuation in the transmission path consisting of the first transmission path (I1), object (O) or smoke (SM) and second transmission path (I2). This forward transformation by the scalar product formation between the transmission signal (S5) and the receiver output signal (S1) into the signal space of the transmission signal (S5) can now be reversed. For this purpose, the measured value signal (S4) is again multiplied by a second multiplication unit (M2) and the transmission signal (S5). This produces a compensation presignal (S6). This compensation bias signal (S6) is typically proportional to the proportion of the transmit signal (S5) in the receiver output signal (S1) with respect to a constant multiplication factor, which is typically negative. If the compensation transmitter (K) is, for example, an LED, then it is necessary for the compensation transmission signal (S3) to be provided with an offset (B1) in an adder with respect to the compensation bias signal (S6). In the example, all these device parts are combined in a controller (CT). At port (a), the transmit signal (S5) is fed to the controller (CT). At port (b), the receiver output signal (S1) is input. The measured value signal, the measured value signal (S4), is output at connection (d). At port (e), the compensation transmit signal (S3) is output from the controller (CT).

3 shows a more complex controller (CT) of the prior art. Unlike the controller (CT) of the 2 This controller (CT) also regulates the delay of the transmission signal during the passage of the transmission path consisting of a first transmission path (I1), the reflection of the object (O) and a second transmission path (I2). For this purpose, it forms, for example, a delayed transmission signal (S5d) from the transmission signal (S5) by means of a delay unit (Δt1). From this delayed transmission signal (S5d) and the transmission signal (S5), an orthogonalization unit (ORT) forms the two exemplary, mutually orthogonal analysis signals (S5o1 and S5o2). Here, orthogonal means that the multiplication of these orthogonal analysis signals with each other and the subsequent filtering in the described first filter (F1) yields zero. As before, a scalar product (SP) is formed between the receiver output signal (S1) and the respective orthogonal analysis signal (S5o1 and S5o2). As a result, the measured value signal (S4) and the delay measured value signal (S4d) are formed. With a suitable choice of the first orthogonal analysis signal (S5o1), after back transformation with the second multiplier (M2) and the transmission signal (S5) again the said compensation leading signal is obtained, which, however, still has to be delayed in time here as a non-phase-compensated compensation bias signal (S6v). This is done in a second delay unit (Δt2) as a function of the delay measured value signal (S4d). Further treatment is analogous to 2 ,

4 schematically shows exemplary transmission and analysis signals.

5 shows a schematic overall system for a simple Halios ^® measurement system Halios ^® IRDM properties (see bibliography in the introduction). The signal generator (G1) generates the transmission signal (S5). This transmission signal (S5) is used to operate with a transmitter offset (BH) provided the transmitter (H). The transmitter (H) transmits to the transmission path already described and simplified here, consisting of the first transmission path (I1) and the second transmission path (I2). The object (O) is part of the transmission path (I1, I2) and not shown for clarity. The receiver (D) at the other end of the transmission link (I1 & I2) converts the signal from the transmission path into a receiver output signal (S1). The controller (CT) accordingly 1 now generates from the receiver output signal (S1) with the aid of the transmission signal (S5) the compensation transmission signal (S3) which controls the compensation transmitter (K), typically also linearly superimposing a third transmission path (I3) with previously known properties into the receiver (D ). The controller (CT) outputs the measured value signal (S4) and the delay measured value signal (S4d). These are evaluated by the controller (ST) according to the invention. The controller is preferably equipped with a processor, such as a signal processor, and communicates with the outside world via an interface (IF), which may be wireless and / or wired via a data bus (DB).

6a represents the time course of Halios ^® -Ausgangssignals constitute (S4), when the system does not measure reflection.

6b represents the Fourier transform of the signal (S4) 6a after Fourier transformation by the controller (ST). In the range of 0 Hz, there is approximately a delta function.

7a represents the time course of Halios ^® -Ausgangssignals constitute (S4), if the system measures the reflection of water vapor. The signal is much more disturbed than in the 6a ,

7b Represents the Fourier transform of the signal (S4) of the reflection of water vapor 7a After Fourier transformation by the control (ST). Although in this case approximately a delta function results in the range of 0 Hz. This is a little bit increased. It is important, however, that the Fourier transform yields a more or less homogeneous noise floor, which can be detected as such.

8a represents the time course of Halios ^® -Ausgangssignals constitute (S4), if the system measures the reflection of smoke density decreases. The signal is much more disturbed than in the 6a ,

8b Turns off the Fourier transform of the signal of reflection of smoke (S4) with decreasing density 8a After Fourier transformation by the control (ST). Although in this case approximately a delta function results in the range of 0 Hz. This is a little bit increased. It is important, however, that the Fourier transform yields a more or less homogeneous noise floor, which can be detected as such. It also shows, in contrast to water vapor, two sidebands that can be used to detect and discriminate against water vapor.

9a represents the time course of Halios ^® -Ausgangssignals constitute (S4), if the system measures the reflection of smoke density increases. The signal is much more disturbed than in the 6a ,

9b The Fourier transform of the signal (S4) represents the reflection of smoke with increasing density 9a After Fourier transformation by the control (ST). Although in this case approximately a delta function results in the range of 0 Hz. This is a little bit increased. It is important, however, that the Fourier transform yields a more or less homogeneous noise floor, which can be detected as such. It also shows, in contrast to water vapor again, the two sidebands, which can be used for the detection and differentiation of water vapor.

10a represents the time course of Halios ^® -Ausgangssignals constitute (S4), if the system measures the reflection of an object which happens twice the sensor. This is the case at the two humps (W1 and W2).

10b Represents the Fourier transform of the signal 10a after Fourier transformation by the controller (ST). In the range of 0 Hz, approximately a delta function again results. Well, however, in contrast to 7b the spectrum is not evenly distributed. Rather, the spectrum shows two symmetrical mountains and two symmetrical to the 0Hz line valleys in which practically no signal is present. Surprisingly, the lower frequencies are particularly significant. As a result, it is now possible, for example by thresholding in certain frequency ranges to distinguish the cases.

11a represents the time course of Halios ^® -Ausgangssignals constitute (S4), if the system measures the reflection of an object which happens quickly once the sensor. This can be seen on the spike

11b Represents the Fourier transform of the signal 11a after Fourier transformation by the controller (ST). In the range of 0 Hz, approximately a delta function again results. Well, however, in contrast to 7b the spectrum is not evenly distributed. Rather, the spectrum again shows two symmetrical mountains and two symmetrical to 0Hz line, but now narrow valleys in which practically no signal is present. Surprisingly, the lower frequencies are particularly significant. As a result, it is now possible, for example by thresholding in certain frequency ranges to distinguish the cases.

12 shows the picture of the 6 with the difference that in the former 6b now three thresholds are drawn, which should not be active in the area of the central Dirac peak and therefore are not drawn in this area. In this example, four areas (I, II, III, IV) are defined by three thresholds. If all three thresholds are not exceeded in the respective scope, so is the state of Halios ^® system of that it no object detected. So he corresponds to the 6a ,

13 now shows the thresholds of 12 but now applied to 7 , As can easily be seen, the signal is located in the relevant scopes of the thresholds in area II. This can thus be considered as steam.

14 , now shows the thresholds of 12 but now applied to 10 , As can easily be seen, the signal is located in the relevant scopes of the thresholds in area I. This can be considered as a massive object in the measuring range.

15 , now shows the thresholds of 12 but now applied to 9 , As can easily be seen, the signal is located in the relevant scopes of validity of the thresholds in area IV. This can be considered smoke in the measuring range.

16 schematically shows a method according to the prior art supplemented by the inventive step of a transformation of the measured data. The physical interface detects, as previously described in the preceding figures, the measured value signal (S4). Within the control (ST), a transformation, here an FFT (fast Fourier transformation), is performed. This is done in the context of the feature extraction known from the prior art. The control (ST) thus generates the initial feature vector (FIG. 24 ). This can be used in another feature extraction stage together with the data of other sensors ( 37 ) are further processed. In this case, for example, the values can be filtered and / or simply and / or multiply integrated and / or differentiated. In addition, the initial feature vector ( 24 ) by the controller (ST) typically with a matrix, the LDA matrix ( 14 ), which increases the significance of the resulting optimized feature vector ( 38 ) elevated. In the following emission calculation ( 12 ) by the controller (ST), the optimized feature vector ( 38 ), for example, by distance calculation with prototype feature vectors, which are used as numerical values in a prototype database ( 15 ) are stored, for example, the controller (ST). In this case it is customary, in addition to the vectorial coordinates, in this prototype database ( 15 ) of the controller (ST) for each prototype to the first of its coordinates and secondly the dispersion of this prototype. If a distance between the optimized feature vector calculated by the controller (ST) now falls below 38 ) and a prototype of the prototype database ( 15 ), for example, also in the prototype end database ( 15 ) stored for this prototype scatter, so this prototype can be evaluated by the controller (ST), for example, as recognized. The scattering of the prototypes used in the prototype database ( 13 ) of the controller (ST), for example prototype can be stored specifically together with the respective prototype, here acts as a threshold value with which the controller (ST) calculates the calculated distance of an optimized feature vector (FIG. 38 ) compares to the respective prototype by subtraction. If the calculated distance is smaller, the optimized feature vector ( 38 ) within the threshold ellipsoid of the prototype in question. For example, if several prototypes were detected, the controller (ST) could use the prototype with the least distance to the optimized feature vector (ST). 38 ) as detected. Here are a variety of scenarios conceivable, which are not carried out here. Alternatively, both recognized prototypes can be output as list of hypotheses, the list of hypotheses containing the recognized prototypes with a probability that, for example, the calculated distance of the optimized feature vector (FIG. 38 ) to the respective prototype of the prototype database ( 15 ). The prototype database ( 15 ) of the controller (ST) and the LDA matrix ( 14 ) of the controller (ST) are typically pre-operationalized using a training database ( 18 ) and a training program ( 17 ) and stored in the controller (ST) or accessible to them in the relevant electronic device - such as a mobile phone (MP) - stored.

17 should the categorization by means of the prototype database ( 15 ) by the controller (ST). The picture shows the simplified case of an optimized feature vector ( 38 ) with two Dimensions. In general, a feature vector has significantly more dimensions. The two-dimensionality serves for better understanding. The figure shows by way of example four prototypes ( 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 ). For example, each exemplary prototype is a threshold ellipsoid ( 47 ). By way of example, three different representative optimized feature vectors ( 45 . 46 . 47 ). The first representative optimized feature vector ( 45 ) lies within the two threshold ellipsoids of two prototypes. In this case, the controller (ST) would have to decide between these two prototypes on the basis of an internal, previously defined rule that can be executed for the controller (ST) or pass both as potential solutions to a subsequent processing stage via the interface (IF). The second representative optimized feature vector ( 46 ) lies outside of all threshold ellipsoids and is therefore not assigned to a prototype and thus not recognized. The third representative optimized feature vector ( 48 ) is clearly within the threshold ellipsoid ( 47 ) and is thus clearly a prototype ( 41 ). This prototype ( 41 ) is thus uniquely identified as the optimized third feature vector ( 48 ) recognized. The third optimized feature vector ( 38 ) is thus clearly classified.

18 shows a sample hypothesis list with different classification possibilities and the corresponding probabilities for a determined optimized feature vector ( 38 ). These probabilities could be, for example, the optimized feature vector ( 38 ) identified four smallest distances to prototype database prototypes ( 15 ) be.

19 shows a further application of the invention. In the above examples the 1 to 18 There was always talk of only one transmitter (H) and one receiver (D). However, it is particularly advantageous if more than one transmitter (H) is used. 19 show the 1 now with several channels (H1, H2, H3). It is known from the prior art that it is possible to provide these several transmitters (H1, H2, H3) with different center-of-mass wavelengths (λ _S1 , λ _S2 , λ _S3 ), so that these then at these different center-of-mass wavelengths (λ _S1 , λ _S2 , λ _S3 ). In the example of 19 three further transmitters, a first transmitter (H1), a second transmitter (H2) and a third transmitter (H3) are provided. All these transmitters radiate into the measuring volume through suitable openings (O1, O1_2, O1_3). It would be desirable if the emission lobes of these three transmitters (H1, H2, H3) completely and homogeneously overlapped. According to the invention, it has been recognized that it makes sense to place the transmitters (H1, H2, H3) as close to each other as possible and to provide the same as possible illumination properties with respect to the illumination of the solid angle or aperture angle and orientation of the emission lobes, so that the spectral composition of the total emission lobe exists from the individual emission lobes of the respective transmitters (H1, H2, H3) does not change depending on the distance from these transmitters (H1, H2, H3). A good measure of this is obtained by considering the illumination intensity for an imaginary predefined finite area perpendicular to the common optical emission axis of the transmitters (H1, H2, H3) and the illumination intensity for the different centroid wavelengths (λ _S1 , λ _S2 , λ _S3 ) integrated over this area. Here, the relative ratios intensities of the illuminations for the different centroid wavelengths (λ _S1 , λ _S2 , λ _S3 ) should be less than 20%, better still less than 10%, better still less than 5%, better still less than 2 at different distances in the measurement volume of interest %, better less than 1%. A good prerequisite for this is when the opening angles of the emission lobes of the different transmitters (H1, H2, H3) are not more than 20%, better not more than 10%, better not more than 5%, better not more than 2%, better not differ more than 1%. Another important requirement is that the individual optical axes of the transmitters (H1, H2, H3) are aligned identically. For this purpose, the optical axes should typically not deviate more than 20 °, better still not more than 10 °, better still not more than 5 °, better not more than 2 ° from each other in the alignment. To the latter point, however, it should be noted that this alignment can be attenuated if the distance of an object to the sensor can be determined, for example, by evaluating the light transit time.

20 shows three intensity curves, which were recorded alternately in time using a Halios ^® system with three different transmitters (H1, H2, H3). The intensity (A) is given in relative units (au), which is perfectly sufficient for the typical utilization. The time (t) is given in system cycles and thus also in relative units (au). The first transmitter (H1) beamed as an example at 770nm as the first centroid wavelength (λ _S1 ). The second transmitter (H2) beamed here as an example at 855nm as the second centroid wavelength (λ _S2 ). The third transmitter (H3) beamed as an example here at 940 nm as the third centroid wavelength (λ _S1 ). In the example of 20 For example, the sensor according to the invention was placed in a small test smoke chamber which was smoked with the aid of a smoldering fire charge. In the first smoke measurement phase (M _SM1 ), the amount of smoke particles in the irradiated measurement volume increases continuously. The Halios ^® measurement signal increases continuously. Then the fire goes out because the chemical reaction of the fire can cease because of the lack of further availability of reactants. In the then Following the second smoke measurement phase (M _SM2 ), the smoke particles settle in the test smoke chamber. The measured value signal (S4) drops. Then the smoke chamber was opened and ventilated with it. The smoke escaped by convection. This can be seen in the third smoke measurement phase (M _SM3 ). As smoke particles also settle on the Halios ^® sensor, an irreversible offset occurs. However, this is irrelevant for an alarm, since only the beginning of the smoke development must be reliably detected. Possibly. So the device would have to be cleaned after such an incident, at least in terms of the optical surfaces. The data used here will be discussed later.

21 shows a similar measurement as the 20 , Instead of smoke, water vapor was used here. A common failure of smoke detectors is, as known from the prior art, the triggering of a smoke detector by other aerosols such as cooking fume. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to distinguish cooking vapor from smoke. During the water vapor _{measuring phase} (M _H2O ), the sensor according to the invention was exposed to water vapor. There were synchronous increases in the reflection.

Andere Umrechnungsmethoden sind natürlich denkbar und ggf. je nach Anwendungszweck und verwendeten Schwerpunktswellenlängen (λ_S1, λ_S2, λ_S3) sowie deren Anzahl sinnvoll. Der Radius (r) in Form der Gesamtamplitude (r) gibt die Entfernung des Objekts (O) von den Sendern (H1, H2, H3) und dem Empfänger (D) in Kombination mit der Reflektivität des Objekts (O) wieder. Die beiden Winkel (α, β) repräsentieren als Farbwinkel die Verfärbung der Luft durch die Partikel. Hierbei bedeutet Verfärbung nicht, dass die Schwerpunktswellenlängen (λ_S1, λ_S2, λ_S3) der Messung zwingend im sichtbaren Bereich liegen müssen. Die Winkel (α, β) sind somit unabhängig von der Reflektion des Objektes (O) und dem Abstand des Objekts (O) von den Sendern (H1, H2, H3) und dem Empfänger (H). Wie der 22 nun zu entnehmen ist, änderte der Rauch überraschender Weise ausschließlich den ersten Winkel (α). Der zweite Winkel (β) zeigte kaum ein Signal, bis die Testrauchkammer in der dritten Rauchmessphase (M_SM3) geöffnet wurde. Im Gegensatz dazu sei auf 19 verwiesen. 22 shows an exemplary coordinate transformation for the signal of the test smoke chamber measurement of 20 , This coordinate transformation is typically performed by the controller (ST) of the 5 carried out. This is typically done by the controller (ST) in the Feature Extraction step (FE & FFT, 11 ) of the 16 carried out. In the example of 22 is the first measured signal amplitude (A _{770 nm)} of the Halios ^® -Messschleife to the first transmitter (H1) with the first center wavelength (λ _S1) of 770nm and the second measuring signal amplitude (A _855nm) of the Halios ^® -Messschleife with the second transmitter (H2) with the second center wavelength (λ _S2) of 855nm and the third measuring signal amplitude (a _940nm) of the Halios ^® -Messschleife with the third transmitter (H3) the third center wavelength (λ _S3) of 940nm for an overall amplitude (r) and two angle signals ( α, β), a first angle (α) and a second angle (β), converted. For example, three transmitters (H1, H2, H3) with these exemplary center of gravity wavelengths (λ _S1 = 770 nm, λ _S2 = 855 nm, λ _S3 = 940 nm) were exemplary for this exemplary conversion of the exemplary measurement _{signal amplitudes} (A _770nm , A _855nm , A _940nm ) uses the following formulas:

Other conversion methods are, of course, conceivable and, if appropriate, depending on the purpose of the application and the centroid wavelengths used (λ _S1 , λ _S2 , λ _S3 ) and their number make sense. The radius (r) in the form of the total amplitude (r) represents the distance of the object (O) from the transmitters (H1, H2, H3) and the receiver (D) in combination with the reflectivity of the object (O). The two angles (α, β) represent the coloring of the air through the particles. In this case, discoloration does not mean that the centroid wavelengths (λ _S1 , λ _S2 , λ _S3 ) of the measurement must necessarily be in the visible range. The angles (α, β) are thus independent of the reflection of the object (O) and the distance of the object (O) from the transmitters (H1, H2, H3) and the receiver (H). Again 22 Now it can be seen, the smoke surprisingly changed only the first angle (α). The second angle (β) showed hardly a signal to test the smoke chamber in the third smoke measurement phase (M _SM3) has been opened. In contrast, be on 19 directed.

Zwei Unterschiede zur 22 fallen auf: Zum einen schlägt auch der zweite Winkel (β) nun auch aus, was ganz einfach an der anderen Färbung des Dampfes liegt. Zum anderen sind die Fourier-transformierten Signale aufgrund der Konvektion des Dampfes unruhiger. Dies kann im Zusammenwirken mit der zuvor schon erläuterten Fourier-Transformation genutzt werden, um hier eine bessere Unterscheidung zu ermöglichen. Es ist offensichtlich, dass somit durch eine Kombination aus der Nutzung eines fremdlichtrobusten Messprinzips, wie beispielsweise dem Halios^®-Messprinzip, der Nutzung verschiedener Schwerpunktswellenlängen (λ_S1, λ_S2, λ_S3) für die optischen Sender (H1, H2, H3) und einer geeigneten Aufbereitung der so erhaltenen Messwertsignalamplituden (S4, A_770nm, A_855nm, A_940nm) insbesondere durch Koordinatentransformationen und/oder Signaltransformationen wie der Fourier-Transformation und/oder weiteren Filterungen und/oder Integrationen und/oder Ableitungen sowie einer Signifikanzsteigerung durch die Multiplikation mit einer LDA-Matrix durch eine Steuerung (ST) ein sehr aussagekräftiger optimierter Feature-Vektor (38) erzeugt werden kann, der im einfachsten Fall durch einen Vergleich mit Schwellwerten zu einer Klassifikation genutzt werden kann und in komplizierteren Fällen durch einen HMM-Schätzalgorithmus verwendet werden kann, wie er hier beschrieben wurde. Natürlich ist auch eine Auswertung eines solchen optimierten Feature-Vektors (38) oder initialen Feature-Vektors (24) durch ein neuronales Netz oder ein Petri-Netz denkbar. Ganz generell geht es hier darum, mittels eines Schätzverfahrens, das vorzugsweise durch die Steuerung (ST) durchgeführt wird, den Zustand der Raumluft zu klassifizieren und auf eine Menge vorgegebener Zustände abzubilden und das Ergebnis dieser Klassifizierung auszugeben. 23 shows the measurement results 21 for water vapor now after the same transformation as that of 22 , Again, for this exemplary conversion of the exemplary measured value _{signal amplitudes} (A _770nm , A _855nm , A _940nm ), the exemplary three transmitters (H1, H2, H3) with these exemplary center of gravity wavelengths (λ _S1 = 770nm, λ _S2 = 855nm, λ _S3 = 940nm ) again using the following formulas:

Two differences to 22 On the one hand, the second angle (β) now also beats, which is simply due to the different color of the vapor. On the other hand, the Fourier-transformed signals are more restless due to the convection of the vapor. This can be used in conjunction with the previously explained Fourier transformation to better here To allow differentiation. It is obvious that thus by a combination of the use of an external light-robust measurement principle, such as the Halios ^® measurement principle, the use of different focus wavelengths (λ _S1 , λ _S2 , λ _S3 ) for the optical transmitter (H1, H2, H3) and a suitable processing of the measured value _{signal amplitudes} (S4, A _770nm , A _855nm , A _940nm ) obtained in this way, in particular by coordinate transformations and / or signal transformations such as Fourier transformation and / or further filtering and / or integrations and / or derivatives as well as a significant increase in multiplication with a LDA matrix by a controller (ST) a very meaningful optimized feature vector ( 38 ), which in the simplest case can be used for classification by comparison with threshold values and in more complicated cases can be used by an HMM estimation algorithm as described here. Of course, an evaluation of such an optimized feature vector ( 38 ) or initial feature vector ( 24 ) conceivable by a neural network or a Petri net. More generally, it is a question of classifying the state of the room air by means of an estimation method, which is preferably carried out by the controller (ST), and mapping it to a set of predefined states and outputting the result of this classification.

24 Finally, shows a useful, further application of the air quality sensor according to the invention. In the example, as an example of an electronic device according to the invention, the mobile telephone (MP) has several sensors, of which at least one is a sensor according to the invention. The sensor according to the invention is, as already mentioned, typically able to determine a distance. If the light transit time is also included, the sensor according to the invention can separate the reflectivity of an object (O) from the distance and measure both. Thus, the air quality sensor according to the invention is able to detect the position of an object (O). Therefore, the air quality sensor according to the invention can also be used for a system for detecting three-dimensional gestures as a control element for the mobile telephone (MP) or another electronic device. The 20 shows this schematically. Assuming the case that the mobile phone would have at least three sensors according to the invention, then this is then able to track the position of an object (O) at least as a relative movement and to use for a three-dimensional or two-dimensional gesture recognition. In the example, the exemplary mobile telephone (MP) has as an exemplary electronic device, even more than eight sensors according to the invention. Then, the mobile phone (MP) or other electronic device to which the invention is applied is also capable of detecting rotations of the object, such as a hand. Another ability, not shown, is the measurement of the spectral properties of objects (O) by means of the device according to the invention. If the sensor according to the invention has one or more transmitters which can transmit at different center-of-mass wavelengths, then, as in US Pat 20 to 23 described, not only a characterization of aerosols possible, but of course the characterization of objects (O) in the test section. This can be done for biometric purposes, for example. Reference should be made to the corresponding patent literature. The sensor according to the invention can thus at the same time also be used in this case as a simple spectrometer and / or color sensor. It should be noted that the light absorption active luminous objects, such as a flame can be measured with such Halios ^® spectrometer, which is not possible with any other method. Finally, it should be noted that in a device with display, the display area can be used as a transmitter and / or as a variety of stations. It is obvious that it is advantageous if pixels of different colors are used for illumination. A disadvantage of this method, however, is the associated power consumption.

Advantages of the invention

The invention enables the integration of an air condition sensor, in particular a smoke detector, in mobile devices without having to lift the space limitations. Furthermore, the invention allows a distinction between smoke, steam and solids (e.g., hands and / or articles). At the same time, the invention may be used for other purposes such as three-dimensional gesture recognition and / or spectral measurement of objects.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

12

 emissions calculation

14

 LDA matrix

15

 Prototype database

17

 training

18

 Training database

24

 initial feature vector

37

 Data from other sensors

38

 optimized feature vector

39

 Classification result and / or list of hypotheses

41

 exemplary prototype

42

 exemplary prototype

43

 exemplary prototype

44

 exemplary prototype

45

 exemplary representative feature vector

46

 exemplary representative feature vector

47

 Threshold of the prototypes

48

 exemplary representative feature vector

α

 first angle

β

 second angle

.DELTA.t1

 first delay unit. This generates in the example the delayed transmission signal (S5d) from the transmission signal (S5)

.DELTA.t2

 second delay unit. This, in the example, delays the non-phase compensated compensation leading signal (S6v) to the compensation leading signal (S6) in response to the delay measurement signal (S4d).

Δω

Frequency bandwidth of the transmission signal (S5). This is typically Δω = ω _max - ω _min .

λ _S

 Centroid wavelength

λ _S1

 exemplary first centroid wavelength of exemplary 770nm

λ _S2

 second exemplary centroid wavelength of exemplarily 855nm

λ _S3

 third exemplary centroid wavelength of 940nm by way of example

ω _g

 Filter cut-off frequency

ω _max

 upper limit frequency of the transmission signal (S5)

ω _min

 Lower limit frequency of the transmission signal (S5)

au

 relative unit

A _770nm

Measurement signal amplitude, when the exemplary control circuit with a first transmitter (H1) with a first centroid wavelength (λ _S1 ) of 770nm is operated.

A _855nm

Measurement signal amplitude, when the exemplary control circuit with a second transmitter (H2) with a second center wavelength (λ _S2 ) of 855nm is operated.

A _940nm

Measurement signal amplitude, when the exemplary control circuit with a third transmitter (H3) with a third center wavelength (λ _S3 ) of 940nm is operated.

AR

 average scatter point

B1

 offset

bra

 transmitter offset

CT

 regulator

D

 receiver

DB

 Data bus of the interface (IF) for communication, for example, with a fire panel

F1

first filter. For example, the first filter may be a low-pass filter. This low-pass filter typically has an upper filter limit frequency ω _g . This is preferably chosen so that it is smaller than half the frequency bandwidth Δω of the transmission signal (S5).

G

 Signal generator. The exemplary signal generator generates the transmission signal (S5) here. The patent literature also discloses the generation and regulation of the transmission signal (S5) by the controller (CT).

H

 transmitter

H1

first station. The exemplary first transmitter radiates in the exemplary application with a first exemplary center of gravity wavelength (λ _S1 ) of 770nm.

H2

second transmitter. The exemplary second transmitter radiates in the exemplary application with a second exemplary centroid wavelength (λ _S2 ) of 855nm.

H3

third transmitter. The exemplary third transmitter radiates in the exemplary application with a third exemplary centroid wavelength (λ _S3 ) of 940nm.

I1

 first transmission path

I2

 second transmission path

I3

 third transmission path

IF

 wireless and / or wired digital and / or analog interface. This may be, for example, a mobile radio interface and / or an alarm signal of a fire alarm system.

K

 compensation transmitter

M1

 first multiplication unit

M2

 second multiplication unit

M _H2O

 Water vapor measurement phase

MP

 mobile phone

M _SM1

 first smoke measurement phase. In this phase, the incendiary burned in the test smoke chamber.

M _SM2

 second smoke measurement phase. At this stage, the fire in the test smoke chamber had already burned off and the smoke began to settle on the chamber walls and the sensor.

M _SM3

 third smoke measurement phase. In this phase, the test smoke chamber was opened and vented. The smoke escaped from the test smoke chamber.

O

 Object in the transmission path (I1, I2). This can also be the particles of a cloud of smoke (SM).

O1

 Outlet for transmitting the light of the transmitter (H) O1_1 Opening for the light emitted by the first transmitter (H1), transmitting, for example, at a center-of-mass wavelength of 770nm.

O1_2

 Opening for the exit of the light of the second transmitter (H2), which transmits, for example, with a center-of-mass wavelength of 855nm.

O1_3

 Opening for the exit of the light of the third transmitter (H3), which sends, for example, with a center-of-gravity wavelength of 940nm.

O2

 Opening for the entry of light backscattered by the smoke (SM) or object (O) into the device and to the receiver (D).

PLACE

 Orthogonalisierungseinheit

r

 total amplitude

S1

 Receiver output signal. Output signal of the receiver (D), which optionally optionally optionally amplified and filtered, in particular high-pass filtered. The receiver output signal may be analog or digital or an analog signal that was previously digitized.

S3

 Compensation transmission signal

S4

 Reading Signal

s4d

 Delay measurement signal

S5

 Broadcast signal. The transmission signal controls the transmitter (H). The transmission signal is typically monofrequent, but may also be band-limited with a lower limit frequency ωmin and an upper limit frequency ωmax, these two limit frequencies then being different. The transmit signal may also be a pseudorandom signal or a random or spread-code based signal.

s5d

 delayed transmission signal

S5o1

 first orthogonal analysis signal

S5o2

 second orthogonal analysis signal

S6

 Kompensationsvorsignal

S6V

 not phase-compensated compensation leading signal

S8

 Filter input signal

S8 '

 Filter input signal

S9

 Filter output

S9 '

 Filter output

SD

 Air condition sensor (here smoke detector)

SdT

 State of the art

SM

 cloud of smoke

SP

 scalar product

ST

 control

t

 Time

V1

 amplifier

W1

first hump in the signal of the Halios ^® sensor when the measured object passes the sensor for the first time.

W2

second hump in the signal from the Halios ^® sensor when the measured object passes the sensor a second time.

W3

single hump as a spike in the signal of the Halios ^® sensor when the measured object passes the sensor once fast.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

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Claims (9)

Electronic device characterized by a. that the electronic device has a display and b. that at least one pixel of the display functions as a transmitter (H) whose light intensity is modulated at least synchronously with a transmission signal (S5) and which feeds into a first transmission path (I1), and a. that this first transmission path (I1) terminates at an object (O) to be measured, which reflects and / or transmits the light of the at least one pixel functioning as transmitter (H) and b. as an optical object signal in a second transmission path (I2), which ends at a receiver (D) and c. in that a compensation transmitter (K), which is fed by a compensation transmission signal (S3), feeds into a third transmission path (I3) an optical compensation light signal which also ends at the receiver (D), and d. in that the object signal and the compensation light signal are superimposed in the receiver (D) and e. that the total light signal thus obtained by superposition is converted by the receiver (D) into a receiver output signal (S1), and f. on the basis of this receiver output signal (S1) at least one controller (CT) now the amplitude of the transmission signal (S5) or the amplitude of the modulation of the said pixel, which acts as a transmitter (H), and / or the amplitude of the compensation signal (S3) adjusted so that the relevant signal components of the transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) in the receiver output signal (S1) disappear, and at least for a certain signal component of a transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) G. that the pixels of the display are used as transmitters of a distance sensor system Electronic device characterized by, h. that the electronic device has a display and i. that at least one pixel of the display functions as a transmitter (H) whose light intensity is modulated at least synchronously with a transmission signal (S5) and which feeds into a first transmission path (I1), and j. that this first transmission path (I1) terminates at an object (O) to be measured, which reflects and / or transmits the light of the at least one pixel functioning as transmitter (H) and k. as an optical object signal in a second transmission path (I2), which ends at a receiver (D) and l. in that a compensation transmitter (K), which is fed by a compensation transmission signal (S3), feeds into a third transmission path (I3) an optical compensation light signal which also ends at the receiver (D) and m. that the object signal and the compensating light signal in the receiver (D) are superimposed and that the total light signal thus obtained by superimposition is converted by the receiver (D) into a receiver output signal (S1) and o. at least one based on this receiver output signal (S1) Controller (CT) now the amplitude of the transmission signal (S5) or the amplitude of the modulation of said pixel, which acts as a transmitter (H), and / or the amplitude of the compensation signal (S3) so that at least for a certain signal component of a Transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) the relevant signal components of the transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) in the receiver output signal (S1) disappear and p. that the electronic device comprises a sub-device for the classification of aerosols and q. that the pixels of the display are used as transmitters of an air quality sensor or that the pixels of the display are used as transmitters of an air quality sensor which is intended to detect aerosol clouds outside the device. Electronic device characterized by r. that the electronic device has a display and s. that at least one pixel of the display functions as a transmitter (H) whose light intensity is modulated at least synchronously with a transmission signal (S5) and which feeds into a first transmission path (I1), and t. that this first transmission path (I1) terminates at an object (O) to be measured, which reflects and / or transmits the light of the at least one pixel functioning as transmitter (H) and u. as an optical object signal in a second transmission path (I2), which ends at a receiver (D) and v. in that a compensation transmitter (K), which is fed by a compensation transmission signal (S3), feeds into a third transmission path (I3) an optical compensation light signal which also ends at the receiver (D), and w. in that the object signal and the compensation light signal are superimposed in the receiver (D) and x. that the total light signal thus obtained by superposition is converted by the receiver (D) into a receiver output signal (S1), and y. on the basis of this receiver output signal (S1) at least one controller (CT) now the amplitude of the transmission signal (S5) or the amplitude of the modulation of the said pixel, which acts as a transmitter (H), and / or the amplitude of the compensation signal (S3) adjusted so that the relevant signal components of the transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) in the receiver output signal (S1) disappear, and at least for a certain signal component of a transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) z. that the pixels of the display are used as the transmitter of a color sensor. Electronic device characterized by aa. that the electronic device has a display and bb. that at least one pixel of the display functions as a transmitter (H) whose light intensity is modulated at least synchronously with a transmission signal (S5) and which feeds into a first transmission path (I1), and cc. that this first transmission path (I1) terminates at an object (O) to be measured, which reflects and / or transmits the light of the at least one pixel functioning as transmitter (H) and dd. as an optical object signal in a second transmission path (I2), which ends at a receiver (D) and ee. in that a compensation transmitter (K), which is fed by a compensation transmission signal (S3), feeds into a third transmission path (I3) an optical compensation light signal which also ends at the receiver (D), and ff. that overlap the object signal and the compensation light signal in the receiver (D) and gg. that the total light signal thus obtained by superposition is converted by the receiver (D) in a receiver output signal (S1) and hh. on the basis of this receiver output signal (S1) at least one controller (CT) now the amplitude of the transmission signal (S5) or the amplitude of the modulation of the said pixel, which acts as a transmitter (H), and / or the amplitude of the compensation signal (S3) adjusted so that the relevant signal components of the transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) in the receiver output signal (S1) disappear, and at least for a certain signal component of a transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) ii. that the pixels of the display are used as transmitters of a gesture recognition system. Electronic device characterized by jj. that the electronic device has a display and kk. that at least one pixel of the display functions as a transmitter (H) whose light intensity is modulated at least synchronously with a transmission signal (S5) and which feeds into a first transmission path (I1), and ll. that this first transmission path (I1) terminates at an object (O) to be measured, which reflects and / or transmits the light of the at least one pixel functioning as transmitter (H) and mm. as an optical object signal in a second transmission path (I2), which ends at a receiver (D) and nn. in that a compensation transmitter (K), which is fed by a compensation transmission signal (S3), feeds into a third transmission path (I3) an optical compensation light signal which also ends at the receiver (D), and oo. in that the object signal and the compensation light signal are superimposed in the receiver (D) and pp. that the total light signal thus obtained by superposition is converted by the receiver (D) into a receiver output signal (S1), and qq. on the basis of this receiver output signal (S1) at least one controller (CT) now the amplitude of the transmission signal (S5) or the amplitude of the modulation of the said pixel, which acts as a transmitter (H), and / or the amplitude of the compensation signal (S3) adjusted so that the relevant signal components of the transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) in the receiver output signal (S1) disappear, and at least for a certain signal component of a transmission signal (S5) and / or compensation transmission signal (S3) rr. that the electronic device comprises a sub-device for the classification of surfaces and ss. in that the pixels of the display are used as transmitters of a surface classification device. Electronic device according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by a. that the electronic device is a mobile phone and / or a smartphone, and / or a and / or a tablet PC and / or a desktop computer and / or another computer and / or an electronic clock and / or or a heart rate monitor and / or a portable monitoring unit for monitoring the health and / or patient condition and / or a laptop and / or a vehicle and / or a drone. Electronic device and / or air quality sensor according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by a. that more than two pixels of the display act as a transmitter (H). Electronic device and / or air quality sensor according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by a. that more than two pixels of the display act as a transmitter (H) and b. that at least these two pixels radiate with different center of gravity wavelength. Method for operating an electronic device according to one of the preceding claims comprising the steps a. determination of a temporal sequence of at least one measured value, in particular the amplitude measured value (A _{770 nm} , A _{855 nm} , A _{940 nm} ) and / or the transit time and / or the spectral angle (α, β), which _compensates the optical properties of an optical transmission path (I1, I2 ) and / or of objects (O) in this optical transmission path (I1, I2), wherein this transmission path (I1, I2) is located at least partially outside the electronic device and / or air quality sensor, a. Transformation of this temporal sequence into a transformed region, in particular into a frequency range, b. Optional selection of predetermined subregions and / or individual predetermined values in this transformed region, c. Performing a classification method using these selected predetermined sub-areas and / or the selected individual predetermined values in this transformed area and / or with the help of the transformed area, d. Transmission of at least one message representing a classification result, wherein the message may also be a measure performed by the electronic device and / or the controller (ST).

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