CS196315B2 - Method of glass etching - Google Patents
Method of glass etching Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS196315B2 CS196315B2 CS765152A CS515276A CS196315B2 CS 196315 B2 CS196315 B2 CS 196315B2 CS 765152 A CS765152 A CS 765152A CS 515276 A CS515276 A CS 515276A CS 196315 B2 CS196315 B2 CS 196315B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- etching
- radical
- acid
- surfactants
- glass
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- -1 inorganic acid fluoride Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- JHDXAQHGAJXNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate;tetraethylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JHDXAQHGAJXNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical class Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005315 stained glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNDRMMRAACCQKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F HNDRMMRAACCQKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diammonium sulfite Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])=O PQUCIEFHOVEZAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005338 frosted glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- YAFKGUAJYKXPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J lead tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Pb](F)(F)F YAFKGUAJYKXPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YFSUTJLHUFNCNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorooctanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SNGREZUHAYWORS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005401 pressed glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
- C03C15/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching for making a smooth surface
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752535333 DE2535333C3 (de) | 1975-08-07 | 1975-08-07 | Verfahren zum Säureätzen, insbesondere zum Säurepolieren von geschliffenen Glasgegenständen unter Zusatz von säurebeständigen Netzmitteln |
| DE19752556429 DE2556429C3 (de) | 1975-12-15 | 1975-12-15 | Verfahren zum Mattätzen von Glasgegenständen unter Zusatz von säurebeständigen Netzmitteln |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS196315B2 true CS196315B2 (en) | 1980-03-31 |
Family
ID=25769251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS765152A CS196315B2 (en) | 1975-08-07 | 1976-08-06 | Method of glass etching |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4055458A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT362891B (de) |
| CS (1) | CS196315B2 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2320275A1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1526870A (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1066134B (de) |
| NL (1) | NL7608776A (de) |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6039176A (ja) * | 1983-08-10 | 1985-02-28 | Daikin Ind Ltd | エッチング剤組成物 |
| DE3343704A1 (de) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-06-13 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aetzen von lochrasterplatten, insbesondere fuer plasma-kathoden-display |
| DE3344958C1 (de) * | 1983-12-13 | 1984-07-19 | VEGLA Vereinigte Glaswerke GmbH, 5100 Aachen | Verfahren zum Verloeten eines Stromanschlusselementes mit dem Stromzufuehrungsleiter einer heizbaren Glasscheibe |
| US4620934A (en) * | 1984-04-26 | 1986-11-04 | Allied Corporation | Soluble fluorinated cycloalkane sulfonate surfactant additives for NH4 |
| US4517106A (en) * | 1984-04-26 | 1985-05-14 | Allied Corporation | Soluble surfactant additives for ammonium fluoride/hydrofluoric acid oxide etchant solutions |
| US5120605A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1992-06-09 | Zuel Company, Inc. | Anti-reflective glass surface |
| US4944986A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-07-31 | Zuel Company | Anti-reflective glass surface |
| US5091053A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1992-02-25 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Matte finishes on optical fibers and other glass articles |
| US5200024A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1993-04-06 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Wet chemical etching technique for optical fibers |
| US5101457A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1992-03-31 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber with an integral lens at its end portion |
| US5258131A (en) * | 1990-04-13 | 1993-11-02 | Austen-Chase Industries Inc. | Products for treating asbestos |
| FR2682946B1 (fr) * | 1991-10-25 | 1995-02-24 | Claudio Speziari | Composition pour la renovation du verre et procede de mise en óoeuvre. |
| WO1996004412A1 (en) * | 1994-08-01 | 1996-02-15 | Komatsu Electronic Metals Co., Ltd. | Process for producing decorative silicone |
| JP3972133B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-15 | 2007-09-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ウエハ処理液及びその製造方法 |
| ES2138486B1 (es) * | 1996-04-15 | 2000-08-16 | Perez Rafel Becedas | Nueva formulacion de acido fluorhidrico y sus aplicaciones. |
| ES2111494B1 (es) * | 1996-06-25 | 1999-04-01 | Solid Step Company S L | Composiciones para el tratamiento de superficies de naturaleza mineral que contienen silice. |
| ES2112213B1 (es) * | 1996-06-25 | 1999-04-01 | Solid Step Company S L | Metodo para mejorar la adherencia en superficies de naturaleza mineral que contienen silice. |
| US5741358A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-21 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Corrosion inhibiting composition for treating asbestos containing materials |
| US5753032A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-05-19 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Composition and method to remove asbestos |
| US5753034A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-05-19 | W. R. Grace & Co. -Conn. | Composition and method to remove asbestos |
| US5753033A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-05-19 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Composition and method to remove asbestos |
| US5743841A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-04-28 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Foam composition for treating asbestos-containing materials and method of using same |
| US5753035A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-05-19 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Composition and method to remove asbestos |
| US5753031A (en) * | 1996-09-27 | 1998-05-19 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Composition and method to remove asbestos |
| CZ6492U1 (cs) * | 1997-07-10 | 1997-09-04 | Dalibor Blažek | Pilník, zejména pilník na nehty |
| EP0993016B1 (de) * | 1998-09-29 | 2006-11-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Plasma-Anzeige-Vorrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Zerlegung |
| US6587628B1 (en) | 1999-11-22 | 2003-07-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical fiber with improved strength in high humidity/high temperature environments |
| US6310018B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorinated solvent compositions containing hydrogen fluoride |
| FR2809722B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-31 | 2003-01-03 | Seppic Sa | Nouveau procede de depolissage chimique du verre comprenant un rincage avec une solution saline et objets depolis obtenus par ce procede |
| JPWO2002053508A1 (ja) * | 2000-12-27 | 2004-04-30 | 三輪 博 | ガラスエッチング組成物を用いた装飾ガラスの製造法 |
| US6929861B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2005-08-16 | Zuel Company, Inc. | Anti-reflective glass surface with improved cleanability |
| US6890452B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2005-05-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorinated surfactants for aqueous acid etch solutions |
| US7169323B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2007-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fluorinated surfactants for buffered acid etch solutions |
| US20070099806A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Stewart Michael P | Composition and method for selectively removing native oxide from silicon-containing surfaces |
| JP4417926B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-06 | 2010-02-17 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | ガラス基板の平坦化方法 |
| WO2014045141A2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-27 | Swissinso Sa | Laminated glazing with coloured reflection and high solar transmittance suitable for solar energy systems |
| US11745473B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2023-09-05 | Kromatix SA | Laminated glazing with coloured reflection and high solar transmittance, and solar energy systems employing the same |
| WO2014070546A1 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-08 | Corning Incorporated | Foam etchant and methods for etching glass |
| JP6543436B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-02 | 2019-07-10 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | ガラス電極の応答ガラス用洗浄キット及びガラス電極の応答ガラス洗浄方法 |
| RU2615596C2 (ru) * | 2015-04-08 | 2017-04-05 | Открытое акционерное общество "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт "Электрон" | Состав селективного травителя для химических процессов утонения кремниевых пластин |
| WO2019209776A1 (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | Corning Incorporated | Microfluidic devices and methods for manufacturing microfluidic devices |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2118386A (en) * | 1933-12-27 | 1938-05-24 | Harshaw Chem Corp | Hydrofluoric acid composition |
| NL302987A (de) * | 1963-01-12 | |||
| US3383255A (en) * | 1964-11-05 | 1968-05-14 | North American Rockwell | Planar etching of fused silica |
| LU49381A1 (de) * | 1965-08-24 | 1968-08-01 | ||
| FR1515566A (fr) * | 1967-03-23 | 1968-03-01 | Slip Pruf Service Corp | Procédé destiné à augmenter la résistance au glissement des surfaces vitrifiées et du béton |
-
1976
- 1976-07-30 US US05/709,995 patent/US4055458A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-08-05 GB GB32645/76A patent/GB1526870A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-08-05 AT AT0580276A patent/AT362891B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-08-05 IT IT50770/76A patent/IT1066134B/it active
- 1976-08-06 FR FR7624177A patent/FR2320275A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-08-06 CS CS765152A patent/CS196315B2/cs unknown
- 1976-08-06 NL NL7608776A patent/NL7608776A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1526870A (en) | 1978-10-04 |
| ATA580276A (de) | 1980-11-15 |
| FR2320275A1 (fr) | 1977-03-04 |
| NL7608776A (nl) | 1977-02-09 |
| US4055458A (en) | 1977-10-25 |
| IT1066134B (it) | 1985-03-04 |
| AT362891B (de) | 1981-06-25 |
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