CN87107195A - 用试剂/催化剂再生控制SOx-NOx-颗粒的注入和袋滤室综合系统 - Google Patents
用试剂/催化剂再生控制SOx-NOx-颗粒的注入和袋滤室综合系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
披露了一种控制/烧煤锅炉系统产生的排放物SOx，NOx和颗粒的方法。把一种粉末状的试剂/催化剂加入温度低于该粉末熔点，位于锅炉和节煤器中间的燃烧烟道气流中。当烟道气穿过节煤器时，试剂/催化剂和氨与SOx和NOx发生反应。当该气体穿过在滤室袋中形成的滤饼时，完成进一步的反应。
Description
这项发明涉及烧煤电厂排放物控制。更详细地说，涉及一种新的改进了的方法。这方法用注入装置和织物过滤袋室组成的综合系统来控制同时存在的SOX，NOX和颗粒。
为了处理烧煤电厂产生的颗粒，氧化硫和氧化氮排放物，先进的控制技术在过去二十年期间得到迅速发展。
大量的转用低硫煤给在这些应用中常用的集尘器（静电除尘器）带来了沉重的负担。因为这种煤产生高电阻率的飘尘，这使它更难以收集，而且同时要求增加颗粒效率。因而在70年代后期电力公用工业开始大规模地把可选择的技术-织物过滤器滤室-应用到颗粒控制上。
在袋滤室中飘尘通过过滤从烟道气中分离出来。即当气体穿过管型织物滤袋时，飘尘在滤袋的上游侧被收集。烟道气通过该口袋，一般地是从里向外，而飘尘以所谓的滤饼的形式被收集起来。收集在这个袋中的物质成为过滤介质的一部分。当滤饼在整个运行过程中加厚到一定程度后，必须把这些袋子进行清理以避免产生过量的压力降，从而保持有适当的气体流量。袋滤室的使用给该公用事业设备提供了转换煤的选择，因为袋滤室的收集效率对燃烧特性来说是比较不灵敏的。
然而，当煤燃烧时，大部分硫含量转变成了氧化硫（SOX），通常是SO2和SO3。此外氮氧化物（统用NOX表示）也形成了。NOX和SOX控制设备在袋滤室上游的应用和放置将影响入口条件。和这种设备有关的袋滤室的全面设置，同工厂空气加热器，烟道气体温度、烟道气体成份以及包括材料性质在内的织物过滤器技术指标：如材料成分，拉伸强度，抗磨性，耐化学性和温度限制构成了必须仔细考虑，综合和控制的主要参数，以使得到令人满意的全面的工厂排放物控制。
在美国专利4，309，386中（该专利被转让给本项发明的代理人），一个热的催化剂袋滤室（高于600°F）被同时用来排除颗粒和还原NOX。根据这份专利的说明，用某种催化剂处理过滤袋以便在从气流中滤出颗粒物质的同时促进选择催化还原过程。袋滤室位于氨注入系统下游处。在这种袋滤室中烟道气流容易受到处理过的袋子作用从而除去NOX。然而这种系统有几种潜在的缺陷。特别是用催化剂浸渍过的袋子往往只有有限的使用寿命，必须定期更换整个袋子。并且催化剂易受SOX中毒。在含有大量SOX气体的情况下中毒能导致丧失还原NOX的能力。
因此，连续不断的改进措施一直在采用能令人满意的控制SOX和NOX排放物的催化剂织物袋滤室的排放物控制系统中寻找。
本发明提供了一个在把NOX还原成无害的N2同时从烟道气流中收集和清除SOX和颗粒的注入和袋滤室综合系统。
根据这项发明，把一种适当的试剂/催化剂，例如铝酸钠（Sodium aluminate），以一种细粉末形式气动地注入锅炉内的某一区域。该区域处于热催化剂袋滤室上游且温度低于该种试剂/催化剂熔点。热催化剂袋滤室工作在600°F到800°F温度范围内（近似315℃到427℃）且位于锅炉节煤器出口和空气加热器之间。氨也在那附近注入。NOX和氨之间的反应把NOX转化为无害的氮气，而SOX和试剂间的反应产生继续随烟道气一起流动的固体颗粒。反应剂的混合物，反应产物和烟道气继续流向袋滤室。在那儿所有颗粒被从烟道气中分离出来。
当烟道气流从注入点流向织物滤袋时，注入技术有利地为试剂/催化剂同SOX和NOX的反应提供了一段延续时间。当固体颗粒在滤袋中作为滤饼被收集起来，且烟道气继续穿过滤饼时就进一步发生反应。
根据本项发明的择优配置，试剂/催化剂随同飘尘一起从袋滤室分离出来用于再生。由SOX引起的催化剂中毒不再是个问题，因为本项发明采用的工艺条件力图实现试剂/催化剂同SOX反应以从气流中清除SOX。而另一方面由于试剂/催化剂通过再生得到连续不断的补充，这个反应也是可行的。
附图的主要说明
唯一的附图是一张简化了的流程图，用以说明实施本项发明工艺流程的择优配置。
如附图所示，一个烧煤锅炉10包括一个节煤器12。众所周知，设计节煤器是为了在气体离开锅炉10的蒸汽发成区和过热区后转移烟道气中的热。节煤器的出口通过烟道气导管14连接袋滤室16。颗粒在这儿被收集在滤袋中（图中没有画出）。处理过的气体从袋滤室16通过导管18排向一个空气预热器20。然后经过导管22通向烟囱24，最后排向外界大气中。
注入管26，28分别把固体试剂/催化剂和氨注入位于袋滤室16的上游，温度低于试剂/催化剂熔点的区域。如图所示，例如把固体试剂/催化剂和氨注入在节煤器的上游。亦即注入在锅炉和节煤器的中间。
用一些壁注入器气动注入试剂/催化剂的方法是可取的。氨宁可在主过热器和节煤器之间注入，因为在更上游的位置注入将可能由于氧化而导致氨的过量损耗。在节煤器入口处的温度通常在700°F到1000°F之间，而优先选用的工作范围是600°F到800°F。在此温度范围内将不与氨发生反应的试剂选择分离出来。
包含有颗粒，SOX和NOX的燃烧烟道气在穿过节煤器12流向袋滤室16时同试剂/催化剂发生反应。当气体从注入点流过袋滤室时，催化剂同SOX和NOX和氨（NH3）发生反应。当催化剂被收集在滤袋中且烟道气穿过它时发生进一步反应。
铝酸钠是优选出来的试剂/催化剂。其它的试剂/催化剂包括钛，钒，锰，钴，铁，镍，铜和锌等过渡金属氧化物;氧化铝（特别是γ-Al2O3）和被碱化了的氧化铝;碱和碱土氧化物和碳酸盐;以及矿物如片钠铝石（dawsonite），方沸石（analcite），镁钠闪石（magnesioriebeckite），长石（feldspars），明矾石（alunite），锐钛矿（anatase），蓝铜矿（azurite），铝土矿（bauxite），绿镍矿（bunsenite），针铁矿（gothite），赤铁矿（hematite），铁尖晶石（iron spinel），钛铁矿（ilmenite），孔雀石（malachite），水锰矿（manganite），方锰矿（manganosite），蜜蜡石（mellite），菱铁矿（siclerite）和尖晶石（spinel）。
废的试剂/催化剂同飘尘一道从袋滤室中除去。
废的物质中包含有以硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐形式出现的来自烟道气中的硫。这些废物质和飘尘被送进流化床气化器30。煤在这儿作为能源被添加进来，并把硫酸盐废物质的温度升高到足以使硫以二氧化硫和硫化氢形式馏出的程度。接着，用次级袋滤室，沉淀器或高效旋风分离器这一类的微粒收集器32把试剂/催化剂同飘尘一起从气流中分离出来。然后在混合槽34中用水把收集后的固体物质变成淤浆。其中试剂/催化剂变成溶液。最后这些淤浆被导入一个固体分离器36，例如带式过滤器或离心机。灰尘在这儿被清除出系统。另外，包含有再生了的试剂/催化剂溶液作为补充再循环回到锅炉10。在把这些试剂/催化剂注入该锅炉之前需要一个干燥器40。
从流化床气化器出来的废气将要导入克劳斯装置38（Klaus plant）。该装置能把SO2和H2S以硫元素的形式回收。在流化床气化器30生成的部分蒸气要用来运行克劳斯装置38。低热值气体同从粉磨机42出来的粉煤一起作为补充燃料将要送回锅炉10。（原文为12）。或者供给其它工艺过程使用。有一种可能性是这种气体能用于氨的生产中，而氨本身又可作为补充用于NOX还原过程。
Claims (9)
1、一个控制由烧煤锅炉系统排放污染物的方法，这个系统包括一个锅炉，一个节煤器，一个织物过滤器袋滤室和一个空气加热器，并由流体管线相连接的成套系统，在大约600°F到800°F温度范围内，从燃烧烟道气流中除去SOX，NOX和颗粒，其步骤如下：
(a)在织物过滤袋室的上游，温度低于试剂/催化剂熔点的区间内把粉末状的试剂/催化剂和氨加入到燃烧烟道气流中；
(b)当烟道气流通过袋滤室时，一些试剂/催化剂和氨同SOX和NOX发生反应形成反应产物；
(c)在一定温度范围内通过过滤把所用颗粒，反应产物和试剂/催化剂从烟道气中分离出来的袋滤室中形成滤饼；
(d)烟道气流穿过滤饼使试剂/催化剂与SOX和NOX(进一步)反应形成反应产物和净化气体；以及
(e)使净化了的气体排出袋滤室穿过空气加热器。
2、根据专利要求1的方法，在该方法中试剂/催化剂是铝酸钠。
3、根据权利要求1的方法，在该方法中试剂/催化剂是从钛，钒，锰，钴，铁，锞，铜和锌这一类金属氧化物中选出。
4、根据权利要求1的方法，在该方法中试剂/催化剂是从氧化铝和碱化了的氧化铝这一类物质中选出。
5、根据权利要求1的方法，在该方法中试剂/催化剂是从碱和碱土金属氧化物及其碳酸盐一类物质中选出。
6、根据权利要求1的方法，在该方法中试剂/催化剂是从片铝酸钠，方沸石，镁钠闪石，长石，明矾石，锐钛矿，蓝铜矿，铝土矿，绿镍矿，针铁矿，赤铁矿，铁尖晶石，钛铁矿，孔雀石，水锰矿，方锰矿，蜜蜡石，菱铁矿和尖晶石这一类矿物中选出。
7、根据权利要求1的方法，在该方法中进料步骤（a）包括把试剂/催化剂添加在锅炉和节煤器中间。
8、根据权利要求7的方法，在该方法中反应步骤（b）包括当烟道气流穿过节煤器流向袋滤室时使一些试剂/催化剂和氨同SOX和NOX反应形成反应产物。
9、根据权利要求1的方法，该方法进一步包括把滤饼加热到足以从饼中挥发和馏出二氧化硫和硫化氢，并生成含有可回收的试剂/催化剂的固体物质，从这些固体物质中分离出可回收的试剂/催化剂，以及在该方法中进料步骤（a）把试剂/催化剂送入燃烧气流。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/932,754 US4793981A (en) | 1986-11-19 | 1986-11-19 | Integrated injection and bag filter house system for SOx -NOx -particulate control with reagent/catalyst regeneration |
| US932,754 | 1986-11-19 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN87107195A true CN87107195A (zh) | 1988-07-27 |
| CN1010280B CN1010280B (zh) | 1990-11-07 |
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| CN87107195A Expired CN1010280B (zh) | 1986-11-19 | 1987-10-28 | 带试剂/催化剂再生的控制硫氧化物-氮氧化物-颗粒的方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4793981A (zh) |
| EP (2) | EP0468540B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPS63130125A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1010280B (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1273474A (zh) |
| DE (3) | DE3780411T4 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK605787A (zh) |
| ES (2) | ES2033317T3 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO168233C (zh) |
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| CN102580396A (zh) * | 2012-02-07 | 2012-07-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种浆态床f-t合成工艺中固体催化剂和浆液的分离方法 |
| CN102667343A (zh) * | 2009-09-25 | 2012-09-12 | 巴柏寇克动力环境公司 | 一体化锅炉和空气污染控制系统 |
| CN104307533A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-01-28 | 东南大学 | 天然菱铁矿石在制备scr脱硝催化剂中的应用 |
| CN104582813A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2015-04-29 | 太阳焦炭科技和发展有限责任公司 | 用于处理煤炭加工排放物的方法以及相关的系统和设备 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK605787D0 (da) | 1987-11-18 |
| ES2033317T3 (es) | 1993-03-16 |
| EP0268353B1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| DE3750750D1 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
| NO873641L (no) | 1988-05-20 |
| DE3780411D1 (de) | 1992-08-20 |
| US4793981A (en) | 1988-12-27 |
| EP0268353A1 (en) | 1988-05-25 |
| DE3780411T4 (de) | 1995-08-10 |
| ES2063424T3 (es) | 1995-01-01 |
| JPH045486B2 (zh) | 1992-01-31 |
| DE3780411T2 (de) | 1992-12-24 |
| JPS63130125A (ja) | 1988-06-02 |
| NO873641D0 (no) | 1987-08-28 |
| EP0468540B1 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| DK605787A (da) | 1988-05-20 |
| NO168233C (no) | 1992-01-29 |
| CA1273474A (en) | 1990-09-04 |
| EP0468540A1 (en) | 1992-01-29 |
| DE3750750T2 (de) | 1995-03-16 |
| NO168233B (no) | 1991-10-21 |
| CN1010280B (zh) | 1990-11-07 |
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