CN214307197U - 用于旋转机器的声学阻尼器以及旋转机器 - Google Patents

用于旋转机器的声学阻尼器以及旋转机器 Download PDF

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CN214307197U
CN214307197U CN202020869017.1U CN202020869017U CN214307197U CN 214307197 U CN214307197 U CN 214307197U CN 202020869017 U CN202020869017 U CN 202020869017U CN 214307197 U CN214307197 U CN 214307197U
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cooling air
cover
air inlet
acoustic damper
damping chamber
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费尔南多·比亚焦利
雷亚尔·哈基姆杜瓦诺
达留什·奥利维兹·帕利斯
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/005Combined with pressure or heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/24Heat or noise insulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12Cooling of plants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/96Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05D2260/963Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by Helmholtz resonators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00018Manufacturing combustion chamber liners or subparts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型涉及用于旋转机器的声学阻尼器以及旋转机器。一种用于旋转机器(10)的声学阻尼器(100)包括至少一个壁(104)、至少一个冷却空气入口(120和122)、至少一个出口(102)以及至少一个盖(128和130)。至少一个壁从喷燃器(24)前板(90)的背侧(96)延伸,使得至少一个壁部分地限定阻尼室(106)。至少一个冷却空气入口限定在前板的背侧内,并且被构造成将冷却空气流(124)引导到阻尼室中。至少一个出口限定在前板的背侧内,并且被构造成将冷却空气流从阻尼室中引导出来。至少一个盖至少部分地定位在至少一个冷却空气入口上方,并且被构造成降低阻尼室内的冷却空气流的速度。

Description

用于旋转机器的声学阻尼器以及旋转机器
技术领域
本公开的领域整体涉及气体涡轮引擎,并且更具体地讲,涉及用于气体涡轮引擎内的高频阻尼器。
背景技术
气体涡轮引擎通常包括以串行流构造布置的至少一个压缩机、至少一个喷燃器和至少一个涡轮。通常,压缩机将压缩空气引导到喷燃器,在此喷燃器中使该压缩空气与燃料流混合并燃烧,从而形成引导到涡轮的高温燃烧气体流。然而,至少一些喷燃器内的燃烧可能不稳定,因为喷燃器内的燃烧动力学可能不稳定。具体地讲,在燃烧期间热量释放与由燃烧引起的压力增加相结合可导致喷燃器内产生声学压力振荡。
在已知喷燃器内,声学压力振荡通常发生在正常操作条件期间,并且可取决于喷燃器内的燃料与空气的化学计量比、喷燃器内的总质量流和/或其他操作条件。久而久之,声学压力振荡可导致设备损坏或其他操作问题。为了有利于降低声学压力振荡的影响,至少一些喷燃器包括至少一个声学阻尼器,该至少一个声学阻尼器吸收声学压力振荡且降低压力振荡的幅度。为了防止损坏声学阻尼器并保持声学阻尼器清洁,将压缩冷却空气流引导到声学阻尼器中。然而,如果压缩冷却空气流以高速度进入声学阻尼器,则该声学阻尼器内的压力可能减小,从而允许热燃烧气体流入到声学阻尼器中。相比之下,如果冷却空气流处于低速度,则在声学阻尼器内冷却可能是无效的。
发明内容
在一个方面,提供了一种用于旋转机器的声学阻尼器。旋转机器包括至少一个喷燃器,该至少一个喷燃器包括具有前侧和相对背侧的前板。声学阻尼器包括至少一个壁、至少一个冷却空气入口、至少一个出口和至少一个盖。该至少一个壁从前板的背侧延伸并限定阻尼室。该至少一个冷却空气入口限定在前板的背侧内,并且被构造成将冷却空气流引导到阻尼室中。至少一个出口限定在前板的背侧内,并且被构造成将冷却空气流引导出阻尼室。该至少一个盖至少部分地定位在至少一个冷却空气入口上方,并且被构造成降低阻尼室内的冷却空气流的速度。
在另一方面,提供了一种在喷燃器的前板上制造声学阻尼器的方法。该方法包括限定穿过前板的出口。该出口从前板的前侧延伸到前板的背侧。该方法还包括在前板的背侧内限定至少一个冷却空气入口。该方法还包括在前板的背侧上形成至少一个壁。至少一个壁和前板的背侧限定阻尼室。该方法还包括形成至少部分地定位在至少一个冷却空气入口上方的至少一个盖。该至少一个盖被构造成降低阻尼室内冷却空气流的速度。
在另一方面中,提供了一种旋转机器。该旋转机器包括至少一个喷燃器和至少一个声学阻尼器。该至少一个喷燃器包括具有前侧和相对背侧的前板。该至少一个声学阻尼器定位在前板的背侧上,并且包括至少一个壁、至少一个冷却空气入口、至少一个出口和至少一个盖。该至少一个壁从前板的背侧延伸并限定阻尼室。该至少一个冷却空气入口限定在前板的背侧内,并且被构造成将冷却空气流引导到阻尼室中。至少一个出口限定在前板的背侧内,并且被构造成将冷却空气流引导出阻尼室。该至少一个盖至少部分地定位在至少一个冷却空气入口上方,并且被构造成降低阻尼室内的冷却空气流的速度。
附图说明
图1为示例性旋转机器的示意图;
图2为与图1所示旋转机器的燃烧器区段一起定位的示例性喷燃器的透视图;
图3为可定位在图2所示喷燃器内的示例性前板的后视图;
图4为可定位在图3所示前板的背侧上的示例性声学阻尼器的透视图;
图5为与图4所示的声学阻尼器一起使用的示例性盖的透视图;
图6为图4所示的盖的剖面顶视图;
图7为可与图4所示的声学阻尼器一起使用的另选的盖的透视图;
图8为可与图4所示的声学阻尼器一起使用的另一另选的盖的透视图;和
图9为制造声学阻尼器(诸如图4所示的声学阻尼器)的示例性方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本文所述的示例性声学阻尼器和方法有利于降低声学阻尼器内冷却流的速度,减少喷燃器内的声学振荡,以及减少声学阻尼器中吸入热气体。本文所述的示例性声学阻尼器包括从喷燃器的前板的背侧延伸的至少一个壁。壁和前板的背侧限定阻尼室。前板的背侧还限定至少一个冷却空气入口和至少一个出口。冷却空气入口被取向成将冷却空气流引导到阻尼室中,并且出口被取向成从阻尼室引导冷却空气流。该阻尼器还包括至少一个盖,该至少一个盖在冷却空气的流动路径内并且从前板的背侧以及冷却空气入口上方延伸。
在操作期间,声学阻尼器的出口使得声学振荡能够通到声学阻尼器中,从而阻尼声学压力振荡并减少对喷燃器的损坏。进入阻尼室的冷却空气流使声学阻尼器冷却并有利于减少对声学阻尼器的损坏。阻尼室内冷却空气流的速度降低阻尼室内的压力。压力降低可使得热燃烧气体能够被吸入或引导到阻尼室中,从而潜在地对声学损坏造成损坏。盖有利于降低冷却空气流的速度并减少由于吸入燃烧气体而对声学阻尼器造成的潜在损坏。
除非另外指示,否则如本文所使用的近似语言,诸如“大体地”、“基本上”和“约”指示如本领域普通技术人员将认识到的,如此修饰的术语可以仅适用于近似程度,而不是绝对或完美程度。近似语言可以用于修饰可以允许变化的任意定量表示,而不会导致与其相关的基本功能的变化。因此,由一个或多个术语(诸如“约”、“大约”和“基本上”)修饰的值不限于指定的精确值。在至少一些情况下,近似语言可以对应于用于测量值的仪器的精度。这里以及整个说明书和权利要求书中,可以识别范围限制。除非上下文或语言另有指示,否则这些范围可以组合和/或互换,并且包括其中包含的所有子范围。
附加地,除非另外指示,否则术语“第一”、“第二”等在本文中仅用作标记,并且不旨在对这些术语所涉及的项目施加顺序、位置或分级要求。此外,例如,对“第二”项目的引用不要求或排除存在例如“第一”或较低编号的项目或者“第三”或更高编号的项目。
图1为可与本公开的实施方案一起使用的示例性旋转机器10的示意图。在示例性实施方案中,旋转机器10为气体涡轮,该气体涡轮包括进气区段12、在进气区段12下游联接的压缩机区段14、在压缩机区段14下游联接的燃烧器区段16、在燃烧器区段16下游联接的涡轮区段18和在涡轮区段18下游联接的排气区段20。大致管状的壳体36至少部分地包封进气区段12、压缩机区段14、燃烧器区段16、涡轮区段18和排气区段20中的一者或多者。在另选的实施方案中,旋转机器10为具有转子桨叶的任意机器,对于所述机器,本公开的实施方案能够如本文所述起作用。在示例性实施方案中,涡轮区段18经由转子轴22联接到压缩机区段14。应当注意,如本文所用,术语“联接”不限于部件之间的直接机械、电气和/或通信连接,但也可以包括多个部件之间的间接机械、电气和/或通信连接。
在气体涡轮10的操作期间,进气区段12朝向压缩机区段14引导空气。压缩机区段14将空气压缩至更高的压力和温度。更具体地讲,在压缩机区段14内,转子轴22向联接到转子轴22的至少一排周向压缩机桨叶40 赋予旋转能量。在示例性实施方案中,每排压缩机桨叶40之前是从壳体36 径向向内延伸的一排周向压缩机定子叶片42,该一排周向压缩机定子叶片将空气流引导到压缩机桨叶40中。压缩机桨叶40的旋转能量增加空气的压力和温度。压缩机区段14朝向燃烧器区段16排放压缩空气。
在燃烧器区段16中,将压缩空气与燃料混合并点燃以产生朝向涡轮区段18引导的燃烧气体。更具体地讲,燃烧器区段16包括至少一个喷燃器 24,在该喷燃器中将燃料例如天然气和/或燃料油注入到空气流中,并且将燃料-空气混合物点燃以产生朝向涡轮区段18引导的高温燃烧气体。
涡轮区段18将来自燃烧气体流的热能转换为机械旋转能。更具体地讲,在涡轮区段18内,燃烧气体向联接到转子轴22的至少一排周向转子桨叶70赋予旋转能量。在示例性实施方案中,每排转子桨叶70之前是从壳体36径向向内延伸的一排周向涡轮定子叶片72,该一排周向涡轮定子叶片将燃烧气体引导到转子桨叶70中。转子轴22可联接到负载(未示出),诸如但不限于发电机和/或机械驱动应用。排出的燃烧气体从涡轮区段18向下游流入到排气区段20中。
图2为喷燃器24的透视图,该喷燃器与燃烧器区段16一起定位并包括示例性前板90。图3为定位在喷燃器24内的前板90的后视图。喷燃器 24包括至少一个喷燃器壁80,该喷燃器壁限定喷燃器室82、喷燃器入口 84和喷燃器出口86。前板90联接到喷燃器入口84并限定前板入口92。前板90具有前侧94和与前侧94相对的背侧96。前板90定位在喷燃器24 上,使得背侧96联接到喷燃器24,并且前侧94背离喷燃器24取向。如图 3所示,多个声学阻尼器100延伸跨过前板90的背侧96。在示例性实施方案中,约三十至约四十个声学阻尼器100定位在前板90的背侧96上。然而,使得喷燃器24能够如本文所述操作的任意数量的声学阻尼器100可定位在前板90的背侧96上。前板90限定从前侧94穿过前板90延伸到背侧 96的多个出口102。
在操作期间,来自压缩机区段14的压缩空气流穿过前板入口92和喷燃器入口84而被引导到喷燃器24中。将燃料流注入到压缩空气流中,并且将压缩空气和燃料的混合物点燃。喷燃器24内的燃烧可能不稳定,因为喷燃器24内的燃烧动力学可能不稳定。具体地讲,在燃烧期间热量释放与由燃烧引起的压力增加相结合可导致喷燃器24内的声学压力振荡。声学压力振荡通常发生在正常操作条件期间,并且可取决于喷燃器24内的燃料与空气的化学计量比、喷燃器24内的总质量流和/或其他操作条件。声学压力振荡可导致设备损坏或其他操作问题。然而,声学阻尼器100有利于吸收声学压力振荡且/或降低压力振荡的幅度。具体地讲,出口102使得声学压力振荡能够进入其中声学压力振荡被阻尼的声学阻尼器100。
图4为声学阻尼器100的透视图。声学阻尼器100包括至少一个壁 104,该至少一个壁与前板90的背侧96配合以限定阻尼室106。在示例性实施方案中,声学阻尼器100还包括顶部108。壁104、顶部108和前板90 的背侧96配合以限定阻尼室106。壁104、顶部108和背侧90在图4中被示出为透明的。
在例示的实施方案中,壁104为大致椭圆形的,并且从背侧96基本上垂直地延伸。具体地讲,在例示的实施方案中,壁104包括从背侧96基本上垂直延伸的两个半圆形弧部110和两个笔直部分112。笔直部分112从半圆形弧部110连续地延伸。顶部108包括半圆形弧部110上的两个半锥部 114以及笔直部分112上的两个成角部分116。成角部分116联接到半锥部 114,使得成角部分116形成限定在半锥部114之间的细长顶点118。在例示的实施方案中,半圆形弧部110、笔直部分112、半锥部114、成角部分 116、细长顶点118和前板90的背侧96配合以限定阻尼室106。另选地,声学阻尼器100和阻尼室106可具有使得声学阻尼器100能够如本文所述起作用的任意其他形状。具体地讲,声学阻尼器100和阻尼室106的形状可通过计算流体动力学(CFD)分析来确定,并且可基于喷燃器24内的燃料与空气的化学计量比、喷燃器24内的总质量流和/或任意其他操作条件来选择。
如图4所示,至少一个出口102从前侧94穿过前板90延伸到背侧 96。出口102使得声学压力振荡能够进入其中声学压力振荡被阻尼的阻尼室106。在示例性实施方案中,出口102为延伸穿过前板90的圆形导管。另选地,出口102可具有使得声学阻尼器100能够如本文所述起作用的任意其他形状。具体地讲,出口102a的形状可通过CFD分析来确定,并且可基于喷燃器24内的燃料与空气的化学计量比、喷燃器24内的总质量流和/ 或任意其他操作条件来选择。另外,尽管示例性实施方案针对每个声学阻尼器100仅包括单个出口102,但声学阻尼器100可包括使得声学阻尼器 100能够如本文所述操作的任意数量的出口102,包括但不限于两个、三个或更多个出口102。具体地讲,每个声学阻尼器100所包括的出口102的数量可通过CFD分析来确定,并且可基于喷燃器24内的燃料与空气的化学计量比、喷燃器24内的总质量流和/或任意其他操作条件来选择。
前板90的背侧96限定至少一个冷却空气入口。具体地讲,在示例性实施方案中,前板90的背侧96限定第一冷却空气入口120和第二冷却空气入口122。冷却空气入口被取向成将冷却空气流引导(如箭头124和126 所示)到阻尼室106中。具体地讲,第一冷却空气入口120被取向成引导第一冷却空气流(如箭头124所示),并且第二冷却空气入口122被取向成引导第二冷却空气流(如箭头126所示)。然而,声学阻尼器100可包括使得声学阻尼器100能够如本文所述起作用的任何其他数量的冷却空气入口,包括但不限于一个、三个或更多个冷却空气入口。具体地讲,每个声学阻尼器100所包括的冷却空气入口的数量可通过CFD分析来确定,并且可基于喷燃器24内的燃料与空气的化学计量比、喷燃器24内的总质量流和/或任何其他操作条件来选择。在示例性实施方案中,冷却空气流124 和126的来源是压缩机区段14,并且冷却空气流124和126通常具有比燃烧气体更高的压力,使得冷却空气流124和126穿过出口102被引导出声学阻尼器100。这样,冷却空气入口被取向成将冷却空气流124和126引导到阻尼室106中,并且出口102被取向成从阻尼室106引导冷却空气流124 和126。
在操作期间,喷燃器24将燃料-空气混合物点燃并产生朝向涡轮区段 18引导的高温燃烧气体。在燃烧期间热量释放与由燃烧引起的压力增加相结合可导致喷燃器24内产生声学压力振荡。声学压力振荡穿过出口102进入声学阻尼器100并且在阻尼室106内被阻尼。在燃烧期间释放的热量可损坏声学阻尼器100,并且冷却空气入口将冷却空气124和126引导到声学阻尼器100中,以降低声学阻尼器100的温度并有利于减少由于燃烧期间热量释放而造成的损坏。然而,阻尼室106内高速度的冷却空气流124和 126可降低阻尼室106内的压力,从而使得热燃烧气体能够被吸入阻尼室 106中。热气体可对声学阻尼器100造成损坏。
为了降低冷却空气流124和126在阻尼室106内的速度,至少一个盖定位在阻尼室106内,部分地覆盖在冷却空气入口上方的。在示例的实施方案中,多个盖定位在阻尼室106内,使得盖至少部分地在冷却空气入口上延伸。具体地讲,第一盖128部分地覆盖第一冷却空气入口120,并且第二盖130部分地覆盖第二冷却空气入口122。每个盖定位在冷却空气流124 和126的路径内,以破坏阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126并降低阻尼室 106内冷却空气流124和126的速度。因此,盖有利于减少阻尼室106中吸入燃烧气体并减少由于吸入燃烧气体而对声学阻尼器100造成的损坏。
图5为声学阻尼器100内的第一盖128的透视图。壁104、顶部108和背侧90在图5中被示出为透明的。图6为第一盖128的剖面顶视图。在示例的实施方案中,盖为从背侧96延伸并且基本上覆盖冷却空气入口的中空半球形覆盖物或杯。具体地讲,每个盖具有限定盖开口134的半球形外壳 132。外壳132定位在冷却空气流124和126的路径内,以破坏阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126并有利于降低阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126 的速度。具体地讲,外壳132定位在冷却空气入口上方,使得盖开口134 背离出口102。
盖开口134被取向成将冷却空气流124和126引导到阻尼室106中。另外,冷却空气入口被取向成将冷却空气流124和126引导到外壳132的背部中,使得冷却空气流124和126必须转动以便离开盖开口134。此外,由于盖开口134被取向成远离出口102,因此冷却空气124和126必须再次转动以便通过出口102离开声学阻尼器100。因此,盖定位在冷却空气入口上方,以迫使冷却空气流124和126沿循阻尼室106内的曲折路径。因此,盖破坏阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126并降低阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126的速度。因此,盖有利于减少阻尼室106中吸入燃烧气体并有利于减少由于吸入燃烧气体而对声学阻尼器100造成的损坏。
在示例性实施方案中,外壳132具有半球形状。然而,外壳132可具有使声学阻尼器100能够如本文所述起作用的任何其他形状,包括但不限于圆柱形和/或平行六面体形状。具体地讲,每个外壳132的形状可通过 CFD分析来确定,并且可基于喷燃器24内的燃料与空气的化学计量比、喷燃器24内的总质量流和/或任意其他操作条件来改变。另外,盖可各自具有相同的形状或者盖可各自具有不同的形状。
如图6所示,每个盖具有盖直径136和从盖直径136基本上垂直地延伸至盖开口134的切割距离138。切割距离138确定盖开口134的尺寸。增大切割距离138使盖开口134远离盖的中心140移动,并减小盖开口134的尺寸。相反,减小切割距离138使盖开口134朝向盖的中心140移动,并且增大盖开口134的尺寸。在示例性实施方案中,盖直径136为约4毫米 (mm)至约10mm。更具体地讲,在示例性实施方案中,盖直径136为约 6mm。在示例性实施方案中,切割距离138在约0.5mm至约5mm之间。更具体地讲,在示例性实施方案中,切割距离138为约1.2mm。
盖直径136和切割距离138通过CFD分析来确定,使得盖破坏阻尼室 106内的冷却空气流124和126并降低阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126 的速度。然而,盖可具有使声学阻尼器100能够如本文所述操作的任何盖直径136和/或切割距离138。另外,盖可各自具有相同的盖直径136和/或切割距离138,或盖可各自具有不同的盖直径136和切割距离138。
在示例性实施方案中,声学阻尼器100包括两个盖,每个冷却空气入口对应一个盖。然而,声学阻尼器100可包括使得声学阻尼器100能够如本文所述起作用的任何其他数量的盖,包括但不限于一个、三个或更多个盖。具体地讲,第一盖128可定位在第一冷却空气入口120上方,但第二冷却空气入口122可不被第二盖130覆盖。盖的数量可通过CFD分析来确定,该CFD分析确定有利于减少热燃烧气体被吸入到声学阻尼器100中所需的盖的数量。另外,每个盖在声学阻尼器100内具有相对于壁104的位置。具体地讲,每个盖被定位成与壁104相距盖距离142。盖距离142为从盖开口134的中心144到壁104的距离。盖距离142确定盖与壁104之间的空间量,并且确定冷却空气124和126必须朝向出口102转动的空间量。
增加盖距离142增加了冷却空气124和126必须朝向出口102转动的空间量,并且减小了对冷却空气流124和126的阻力,这增加了冷却空气流124和126的速度。相反,减小盖距离142减小了冷却空气124和126必须朝向出口102转动的空间量,并且增大了对冷却空气流124和126的阻力,这减小了冷却空气流124和126的速度。在示例性实施方案中,盖距离142为约0.5mm至约10mm。更具体地讲,在示例性实施方案中,盖距离142为约1mm。CFD分析通过调节盖距离142以破坏阻尼室106内的冷却空气流124和126并降低阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126的速度来确定每个盖的位置。另外,CFD分析还同时调节每个盖的盖直径136和切割距离138,以破坏阻尼室106内的冷却空气流124和126并降低阻尼室106 内冷却空气流124和126的速度。此外,在另选的实施方案中,外壳132 可定位在冷却空气入口上方,使得盖开口134相对于出口102以任何取向定位,该取向使得盖能够如本文所述那样操作。
调节每个盖的盖直径136、切割距离138和盖距离142,以破坏阻尼室 106内的冷却空气流124和126并降低阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126 的速度,以便减少阻尼室106中热燃烧气体的吸入并减少对声学阻尼器100 的损坏。具体地讲,CFD分析调节盖直径136、切割距离138和盖距离 142,使得热燃烧气体的吸入减少。因此,盖有利于减少声学阻尼器100中热燃烧气体的吸入,减少对声学阻尼器100的损坏,并且改善喷燃器24和旋转机器10的可靠性。
图7为盖700的透视图。图8为盖800的透视图。盖700和800为盖的另选的实施方案。盖700的盖开口134包括多个盖孔702而不是上述盖开口134,并且盖800的盖开口134包括多个盖孔802而不是上述盖开口 134。盖孔702被构造成将冷却空气流124和126从外壳132中引导出来并引导到阻尼室106中。在例示的实施方案中,盖孔702是延伸穿过外壳132 的圆孔。然而,盖孔702可具有使盖700能够如本文所述操作的任何形状。在例示的实施方案中,盖700包括线性布置的三个盖孔702。然而,盖 700可包括能够使盖700如本文所述操作的任何布置的任何数量的盖孔 702。与盖开口134相比,盖孔702减小了冷却空气流124和126必须流出外壳132的面积,并且增大了对冷却空气流124和126的阻力,这减小了冷却空气流124和126的速度。因此,与盖相比,盖700还降低了冷却空气流124和126的速度。
盖800类似于盖700,不同的是盖800包括更多线性布置成两行的盖孔 802。盖孔802也大于盖孔702。因此,与盖开口134相比,盖孔802减小了冷却空气流124和126必须从外壳132流出的面积,但是与盖孔702相比,盖孔802增大了冷却空气流124和126必须从外壳132流出的面积。因此,盖800与盖相比降低了冷却空气流124和126的速度,并且与盖700相比增加了冷却空气流124和126的速度。冷却空气流124和126的速度可通过调节盖的盖开口134来调谐。具体地讲,第一盖128的盖开口134可以包括盖孔702,而第二盖130的盖开口134可以包括上述盖开口134。因此,调节盖的盖开口134,以破坏阻尼室106内的冷却空气流124和126并降低阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126的速度,以便减少阻尼室106中热燃烧气体的吸入并减少对声学阻尼器100的损坏。
图9为制造声学阻尼器100的示例性方法900的流程图。方法900包括限定902延伸穿过前板90的至少一个出口102。出口102从前板90的前侧94延伸到前板90的背侧96。方法900还包括在前板90的背侧96内限定904至少一个冷却空气入口。方法900还包括在前板90的背侧96上形成 906至少一个壁104。壁104和前板90的背侧96限定阻尼室106。方法900 还包括在前板90的背侧96上形成908至少一个盖。盖被取向成降低阻尼室106内冷却空气流124和126的速度。
本文所述的声学阻尼器100可使用使得声学阻尼器100能够如本文所述操作的任意制造技术来制造。在示例性实施方案中,每个声学阻尼器100 通过增材制造声学阻尼器100和前板90来制造。具体地讲,前板90被增材制造以在前板90内限定出口102以及冷却空气入口。然后在前板90的背侧96上增材制造声学阻尼器100和阻碍体。增材制造降低了在声学阻尼器100内形成盖的成本和时间。因此,增材制造声学阻尼器100有利于降低产生具有盖的声学阻尼器100的成本和制造时间,同时提高了喷燃器24 和旋转机器10的可靠性。
本文所述的示例性声学阻尼器和方法有利于降低声学阻尼器内冷却流的速度,减少喷燃器内的声学振荡,以及减少声学阻尼器中吸入热气体。本文所述的示例性声学阻尼器包括从喷燃器的前板的背侧延伸的至少一个壁。壁和前板的背侧限定阻尼室。前板的背侧还限定至少一个冷却空气入口和至少一个出口。冷却空气入口被取向成将冷却空气流引导到阻尼室中,并且出口被取向成从阻尼室引导冷却空气流。该阻尼器还包括至少一个盖,该至少一个盖在冷却空气的流动路径内并且从前板的背侧以及冷却空气入口上方延伸。
在操作期间,声学阻尼器的出口使得声学振荡能够通到声学阻尼器中,从而阻尼声学压力振荡并减少对喷燃器的损坏。进入阻尼室的冷却空气流使声学阻尼器冷却并有利于减少对声学阻尼器的损坏。阻尼室内冷却空气流的速度降低阻尼室内的压力。压力降低可使得热燃烧气体能够被吸入或引导到阻尼室中,从而潜在地对声学损坏造成损坏。盖有利于降低冷却空气流的速度并减少由于吸入燃烧气体而对声学阻尼器造成的潜在损坏。
本文所述的方法、装置和系统不限于本文所述的具体实施方案。例如,每个装置或系统的部件和/或每种方法的步骤可与本文所述的其他部件和/或步骤独立地和分别地使用和/或实践。此外,每个部件和/或步骤也可与其他组件和方法一起使用和/或实践。
虽然已根据各种具体实施方案描述了本公开,但本领域的技术人员将认识到,可在权利要求书的实质和范围内通过修改来实践本公开。尽管本公开的各种实施方案的具体特征可能在一些附图中示出而在其他附图中未示出,但这仅是为了方便。此外,在以上描述中对“一个实施方案”的引用不旨在被解释为排除也包含所述特征的附加实施方案的存在。根据本公开的原理,可以结合任何其他附图的任何特征来引用和/或要求保护附图的任何特征。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于旋转机器(10)的声学阻尼器(100),其特征在于,所述声学阻尼器(100)包括:
至少一个壁(104),所述至少一个壁(104)从燃烧室前板(90)的背侧(96)延伸,使得所述至少一个壁(104)至少部分地限定阻尼室(106);
至少一个冷却空气入口,所述至少一个冷却空气入口限定在所述前板(90)的所述背侧(96)内,所述至少一个冷却空气入口被取向成将冷却空气流(124)引导到所述阻尼室(106)中;
至少一个出口(102),所述至少一个出口(102)限定在所述前板(90)的所述背侧(96)内,所述至少一个出口(102)被取向成将所述冷却空气流(124)从所述阻尼室(106)中引导出来;和
至少一个盖,所述至少一个盖至少部分地在所述至少一个冷却空气入口上方延伸并被取向成降低所述阻尼室(106)内的所述冷却空气流(124)的速度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中所述至少一个冷却空气入口包括第一冷却空气入口(120)和第二冷却空气入口(122)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中所述至少一个盖包括部分地定位在所述第一冷却空气入口(120)上方的第一盖(128)和部分地定位在所述第二冷却空气入口(122)上方的第二盖(130)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中所述至少一个盖限定盖开口(134),所述盖开口(134)被构造成将所述冷却空气流(124)引导到所述阻尼室(106)中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中所述至少一个盖定位在所述至少一个冷却空气入口上方,使得所述盖开口(134)背离所述至少一个出口(102)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中所述至少一个盖包括至少一个半球形外壳(132)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中至少一个半球形外壳(132)限定约4毫米至约10毫米的盖直径(136)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中所述至少一个盖限定至少一个盖孔(702),所述至少一个盖孔(702)被构造成将所述冷却空气流(124)引导到所述阻尼室(106)中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的声学阻尼器(100),其中所述至少一个盖孔(702)包括多个盖孔(702)。
10.一种旋转机器(10),包括:
至少一个喷燃器(24),所述至少一个喷燃器(24)包括具有前侧和相对背侧(96)的前板(90);和
至少一个声学阻尼器(100),所述至少一个声学阻尼器(100)定位在所述前板(90)的所述背侧(96)上,其特征在于,所述至少一个声学阻尼器(100)包括:
至少一个壁(104),所述至少一个壁(104)从所述前板(90)的所述背侧(96)延伸,使得所述至少一个壁(104)部分地限定阻尼室(106);
至少一个冷却空气入口,所述至少一个冷却空气入口限定在所述前板(90)的所述背侧(96)内,所述至少一个冷却空气入口被取向成将冷却空气流(124)引导到所述阻尼室(106)中;
至少一个出口(102),所述至少一个出口(102)限定在所述前板(90)的所述背侧(96)内,所述至少一个出口(102)被取向成将所述冷却空气流(124)从所述阻尼室(106)中引导出来;和
至少一个盖,所述至少一个盖至少部分地在所述至少一个冷却空气入口上方延伸并被取向成降低所述阻尼室(106)内的所述冷却空气流(124)的速度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的旋转机器(10),其中所述至少一个冷却空气入口包括第一冷却空气入口(120)和第二冷却空气入口(122)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的旋转机器(10),其中所述至少一个盖包括部分地定位在所述第一冷却空气入口(120)上方的第一盖(128)和部分地定位在所述第二冷却空气入口(122)上方的第二盖(130)。
13.根据权利要求10所述的旋转机器(10),其中所述至少一个盖限定盖开口(134),所述盖开口(134)被构造成将所述冷却空气流(124)引导到所述阻尼室(106)中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的旋转机器(10),其中所述至少一个盖定位在所述至少一个冷却空气入口上方,使得所述盖开口(134)背离所述至少一个出口(102)。
15.根据权利要求10所述的旋转机器(10),其中所述至少一个盖包括至少一个半球形外壳(132)。
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