CN211353432U

CN211353432U - Integrative planting device is used to liquid manure ration

Info

Publication number: CN211353432U
Application number: CN201921172678.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任妮; 刘杨; 陈丹艳; 戴秀; 李子豪; 黄淼
Original assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-07-24
Filing date: 2019-07-24
Publication date: 2020-08-28
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-24

Abstract

An integrated planting device for quantitatively applying liquid manure mainly comprises a planting area, a liquid manure quantitative pipe, a water storage wall cavity, an evaporation prevention system and the like, wherein the bottom of the planting area is a leakage layer, the liquid manure quantitative pipe comprises a square pipe with scales and a ceramic round pipe, and the liquid manure flow is controlled by a stop valve. The bottom of the water storage wall cavity is provided with a sponge layer, a water replenishing pipeline and a water discharging pipe which are used for storing bottom leakage water and supplemented irrigation water. The anti-evaporation system consists of a top part and a side surface which are used for preventing evaporation. The utility model discloses prestore the liquid manure solution earlier and take the scale square pipe, according to the actual production needs, through keeping off valve regulated flow, must close a grade valve when not needing to exert. And supplementing irrigation through the water storage wall cavity. The excess water can be discharged through a bottom water discharge pipe. The utility model discloses can the ration use liquid manure, supply and irrigate, can be used to soil or soilless culture, prevent that moisture from evaporating in a large number and not influencing crop growth, improve water and soil utilization, increase of production.

Description

Integrative planting device is used to liquid manure ration

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of facility agricultural production, facility gardening equipment, water and fertilizer integrated facilities and the like, in particular to an integrated planting device for quantitatively applying water and fertilizer.

Background

Due to agricultural non-point source pollution, commercial development and utilization of a large amount of land and the like, the amount of culturable soil is reduced day by day, and the implementation of facility agricultural production is an important direction for future development in China. At present, the scale of domestic facility agriculture reaches more than 370 million hectares, and the domestic facility agriculture occupies about 80 percent of the horticultural area of the facilities in the world. Wherein the vegetable planting area reaches more than 400 hectares, the yield is about 3 hundred million tons, and the yield accounts for 38 percent of the total vegetable yield. In recent years, facility gardening equipment is developed and applied rapidly, and the characteristics of large facility scale, large industrial function, large equipment requirement, obvious equipment technical progress, large new trend influence, rapid equipment industry development speed and the like are presented. Wherein, the production operation machines, the plant protection equipment, the water and fertilizer integration equipment, the environment regulation and control equipment, the automatic irrigation equipment, the facility production matching integration technology and the like in the equipment technology are continuously researched, developed and applied. The facilities and equipment have the fastest specific gravity development such as energy conservation, structure and machinery, irrigation, control and the like. In addition, the five aspects of related automation intellectualization, informatization digitization, greening ecology, large-scale intensification and whole process-comprehension have remarkable trends, and equipment innovation and application upgrading are greatly promoted.

However, the current national facilities have low gardening mechanization rate in general, and the development of different facilities and different links is extremely unbalanced. For example, the links of land preparation and water and fertilizer are relatively high, the links of seed and harvest are low, and the environment is controlled in the middle. The equipment is urgent to upgrade from the basic level. In addition, production support data such as water and soil environment atmosphere, facility environment control indexes, plant protection early warning indexes, water and fertilizer are different from a cultivation expert database, timeliness and accuracy cannot meet the requirement of efficient production, and the advantages of production equipment for facility gardening cannot be revealed. The technical insufficiency of the complete equipment which combines and integrates the greenhouse and the production equipment with the cultivated species and the technology, in particular the complete equipment with good economic benefit, is the problem to be solved at present. Although the simplest of the current-stage facility horticulture is planting pots which are various in the market and have varying functions, most of the planting pots are separated from drip irrigation systems, and a small number of models allow for effective utilization of moisture, but do not allow for utilization of fertilizers, and particularly do not allow for accurate water and fertilizer quantitative application in the market and do not allow for water absorption and drainage functions of the planting soil itself. The water and fertilizer are only controlled at the source in the large-area facility room production, the loss of pipelines is not considered, and a large amount of energy is consumed. The water and fertilizer integrated equipment in large-area production is expensive in cost and is not beneficial to popularization in individual rural growers.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a water and fertilizer quantitative application integrated planting device which comprises a planting area (1), a water and fertilizer quantifying pipe (4), a stop valve (12), a water storage wall cavity (13) and an anti-evaporation system, wherein the bottom of the planting area (1) is composed of a screen (6) and a perforated floor (7), the water and fertilizer quantifying pipe (4) is composed of a square pipe (5) with scales and a ceramic round pipe (10), and a sponge layer (8), a water replenishing pipeline (3) and a water discharging pipe (9) are arranged at the bottom of the water storage wall cavity (13).

Furthermore, the water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4) consists of a square pipe (5) with scales, a ceramic round pipe (10) and a cover (11).

Furthermore, the stop valve (12) is composed of a baffle plate (22) with a handle and a slot II (24), two sides of the baffle plate (22) with the handle are rubber edges (23), the handle is arranged on the upper part of the baffle plate, the slot II (24) is close to the water storage wall cavity (13) in the square pipe (5) with the scale, and the bottom of the slot II is lower than the inner surface of the pipeline.

Furthermore, the water storage wall cavity (13) is composed of a planting area (1) with three hollow inner and outer walls and a sponge layer (8) at the bottom.

Furthermore, the evaporation prevention system is composed of two-stage evaporation system top evaporation prevention and side evaporation prevention, wherein the top evaporation prevention is formed by inserting two half side cover plates (15) into the top cover slot (2), the top cover slot (2) is isolated from the water storage wall cavity, the side evaporation prevention is formed by two side insertion plates (17) through the side insertion holes (14), and the middles of the half side cover plates (15) and the side insertion plates (17) are semicircular.

Further, the water and fertilizer solution is pre-stored through a square pipe (5) with scales.

In actual production, the stop valve is opened, water and fertilizer permeate into the planting area through the soil water potential or hydraulic pressure of the planting area, and the water and fertilizer is quantitatively and accurately applied to crop roots. The excessive liquid manure passes through bottom leakage layer and gets into water storage wall cavity in the crop growth process, when planting the district liquid manure not enough, can inhale through the sponge layer. In addition, irrigation water can be supplemented through a water supplementing pipeline, water at the root part is supplemented from the bottom, and water evaporation is reduced. Meanwhile, the evaporation amount is reduced in multiple layers through an evaporation prevention system. The utilization rate of the water and the fertilizer is improved.

The invention applies water and fertilizer quantitatively according to the actual production requirement and recycles the leakage water. When the water content is insufficient, the irrigation can be supplemented, and the redundant water content can be discharged in time. According to actual production needs, the evaporation prevention systems at different levels can be opened separately or simultaneously, evaporation is reduced, and water resources are fully utilized. Saving water and fertilizer and improving the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer.

Drawings

In order to illustrate the invention and its arrangement more clearly, the figures necessary for the description of the invention and its arrangement will be briefly described below, it being apparent to those skilled in the art that other figures can be obtained from these figures without inventive faculty;

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an integrated planting device for quantitatively applying liquid manure according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an integrated planting device for quantitatively applying liquid manure according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of the top anti-evaporative of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a side anti-evaporation flashboard according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of the flapper valve of the present invention.

1. A planting area; 2. a top cover slot; 3. a water replenishing pipeline; 4. a water and fertilizer quantitative pipe; 5. a square tube with scales; 6. screening a screen; 7. a bottom plate with holes; 8. a sponge layer; 9. a water discharge pipe; 10. a ceramic round tube; 11. a cover; 12. a stop valve; 13. a water storage wall cavity; 14. side jacks; 15. half of the top cover; 16. a handle I; 17. a side insert plate; 18. blocking strips; 19. a handle II; 20. a slot I; 21. a thin plate; 22. a baffle plate with a handle; 23. a rubber edge; 24. and a slot II.

Detailed Description

The invention discloses a water and fertilizer quantitative application integrated planting device (figure 1), which is characterized in that: the invention relates to a water and fertilizer quantitative application integrated planting device (figure 1), which consists of a planting area (1), a water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4), a stop valve (12), a water storage wall cavity (13) and an anti-evaporation system, wherein the bottom of the planting area (1) consists of a screen (6) and a floor with holes (7), the water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4) consists of a square pipe (5) with scales and a ceramic round pipe (10), and a sponge layer (8), a water replenishing pipeline (3) and a water discharging pipe (9) are arranged at the bottom of the water storage wall cavity (13). The water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4) is composed of a square pipe (5) with scales and a ceramic round pipe (10). The water and fertilizer flow is controlled by a stop valve (12), the stop valve (12) is composed of a baffle plate (22) with a handle and a slot II (24), rubber edges (23) are arranged on two sides of the baffle plate (22) with the handle, the handle is arranged on the upper portion of the baffle plate, the slot II (24) is close to a water storage wall cavity (13) in a square pipe (5) with scales, and the bottom of the slot II is lower than the inner surface of the pipeline. The bottom of the water storage wall cavity (13) is provided with a sponge layer (8), a water replenishing pipeline (3) and a water discharging pipe (9) for storing bottom leakage water and supplemented irrigation water. Soil or a matrix or nutrient solution is filled in the planting area (1), and water and fertilizer solution enters through the water and fertilizer dosing pipe (4) according to the soil water potential or hydraulic pressure under the condition that the stop valve (12) is opened and is absorbed by the root system of crops. Surplus moisture can be stored in water storage wall cavity (13), for the water economy resource, prevents that the moisture from evaporating in a large number, can control the evaporation of water and other aerobic microorganisms's gas exchange through preventing the vaporization system. In the production of crops with large water demand, water can be supplemented through the water supplementing pipeline (3). The invention can carry out quantitative management of water and fertilizer according to the growth stage of crops, and accurately apply the water and fertilizer to the periphery of crop roots. The stop valve is closed in time without applying water and fertilizer solution so as to prevent the water and fertilizer of the root system of the crop from flowing back into the water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4). Considering the soil aeration condition, when the device is saturated with soil moisture, the excess moisture can be stored for reuse. In order to save water resources and prevent a large amount of moisture from evaporating, the evaporation of the moisture and the gas exchange of other aerobic microorganisms can be controlled by the evaporation prevention system. In the production of crops with large water demand, the irrigation can be supplemented from the bottom of the crop growth through a pipeline. Effectively reduces the water evaporation and fully utilizes each dripping resource. Can prevent the damage of crops caused by excessive moisture. Meanwhile, the device can reduce the energy loss and automatically adjust the application of water and fertilizer by soil moisture.

The invention is mainly used for soil or substrate cultivation, and can be used for water culture of a few plants, such as cress, scindapsus aureus, chlorophytum comosum and the like. When facility vegetables are planted, the invention has the specification that the volume scale of a water and fertilizer quantitative pipe is 500ml, the volume length, width and height of a planting area (1) are respectively about 50cm, 30cm and 40cm, the width of a water storage wall cavity (13) is 3cm, a half-side top cover (15) is 25m long, 30cm wide and 3cm high, the radius of a middle semicircle is 3cm, a side inserting plate (17) is 25m long, 28cm wide, 0.5cm thick and 3cm semicircular radius, the diameters of a water discharge pipe and a water replenishing pipe are respectively 2cm and 3cm, and the rest sizes are suitable. The planting area (1) is filled with soil for planting tomatoes, and nitrogen fertilizer is 300kg/hm according to the water and fertilizer requirement rule of the tomatoes²Phosphate fertilizer (P)₂O⁵)180kg/hm²Potash fertilizer (K)₂O)400kg/hm²Before field planting, 30 percent of nitrogen fertilizer, 70 percent of phosphate fertilizer and 30 percent of potash fertilizer are dissolved in water according to base fertilizers, and then the mixture is put into a water-fertilizer quantitative pipe (4) and is covered with a cover (11) after aligning with the highest scale. Then opening a stop valve (12), indicating that the soil is saturated in water when the water level in the water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4) is still, closing the stop valve (12), transplanting tomato seedlings, and covering the upper halfA side cover (15). After 7 days, the stop valve (12) is opened again, and the stop valve (12) is closed after the water and fertilizer are completely absorbed. The water replenishing pipeline is opened, water enters the water storage wall cavity (13), and the water replenishing pipeline (3) is closed after a certain amount of water is supplied. The water content of the soil is reduced by the evaporation of the water on the leaf surfaces of the crops, and the water in the water storage wall cavity (13) is absorbed by the sponge layer (8) at the bottom and the like. Dissolving 30% of nitrogen fertilizer, 30% of phosphate fertilizer and 30% of potassium fertilizer with water, loading into a water and fertilizer quantitative tube (4), opening until the fertilizer is completely absorbed in the flowering period, and closing the stop valve (12). Then the water replenishing pipeline (3) is opened, and the water replenishing pipeline (3) is closed after the water storage wall cavity (13) is full. If the water in the water storage wall cavity (13) is completely absorbed, water is supplemented every 10 days. 40 percent of nitrogen fertilizer and 70 percent of potassium fertilizer are dissolved in the first fruit at one time and are filled into a water fertilizer quantitative pipe (4), and a stop valve (12) is opened until the water fertilizer is completely absorbed. Then the water replenishing pipeline (3) is opened, and water is replenished every 7 days. The water and fertilizer utilization rate of the tomatoes is improved by about 10-15%, the water consumption of crops is reduced by about 30%, and film pollution is avoided.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an integrative planting device is used to liquid manure ration which characterized in that: the water and fertilizer quantitative pipe is composed of a planting area (1), a water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4), a stop valve (12), a water storage wall cavity (13) and an evaporation prevention system, wherein the bottom of the planting area (1) is composed of a screen (6) and a floor with holes (7), the water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4) is composed of a square pipe (5) with scales and a ceramic round pipe (10), and a sponge layer (8), a water replenishing pipeline (3) and a water discharging pipe (9) are arranged at the bottom of the water storage wall cavity (13).

2. The integrated planting device for quantitatively applying water and fertilizer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the water and fertilizer quantitative pipe (4) consists of a square pipe (5) with scales, a ceramic round pipe (10) and a cover (11).

3. The integrated planting device for quantitatively applying water and fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: keep off valve (12) constitute by taking handle baffle (22) and slot II (24), take handle baffle (22) both sides to be rubber limit (23), there is the handle on upper portion, slot II (24) are close to in taking scale square tube (5) water storage wall chamber (13), its bottom is less than the pipeline internal surface.

4. The integrated planting device for quantitatively applying water and fertilizer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the water storage wall cavity (13) is composed of a planting area (1) with hollow inner and outer walls on three sides and a sponge layer (8) at the bottom.

5. The integrated planting device for quantitatively applying water and fertilizer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the anti-evaporation system is composed of a two-stage evaporation system, wherein evaporation is prevented from the top and evaporation is prevented from the side, the top is formed by inserting two half side cover plates (15) into a top cover slot (2), the top cover slot (2) is isolated from a water storage wall cavity, evaporation is prevented from the side and is formed by two side insertion plates (17) through side insertion holes (14), and the middle of each half side cover plate (15) and the middle of each side insertion plate (17) are semicircular.

6. The integrated planting device for quantitatively applying water and fertilizer as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the water and fertilizer solution is pre-stored through a square pipe (5) with scales.