CN206141462U - 机动车辆的装饰零件 - Google Patents

机动车辆的装饰零件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN206141462U
CN206141462U CN201621194463.7U CN201621194463U CN206141462U CN 206141462 U CN206141462 U CN 206141462U CN 201621194463 U CN201621194463 U CN 201621194463U CN 206141462 U CN206141462 U CN 206141462U
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China
Prior art keywords
material layer
opening
front surface
translucent part
motor vehicles
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CN201621194463.7U
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English (en)
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G·托帕特
G·博
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Faurecia Interieur Industrie SAS
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Faurecia Interieur Industrie SAS
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Abstract

本实用新型提出具有满意的外观并且它的装饰层可以局部背后照明的装饰零件。涉及机动车辆的装饰零件(1)，其包括装饰层(6)，装饰层包括至少一第一材料层(14)，第一材料层具有后表面(22)和前表面(20)，并限定形成通过第一开口(28)通向前表面(20)和通过第二开口(30)通向后表面(22)的槽。装饰层(6)另外包括至少部分接受在从前表面(20)到后表面(22)穿过第一材料层(14)的槽(26)中的至少一半透明零件，半透明零件在后表面与前表面之间的槽(26)中具有尺寸比第一开口(28)的尺寸大和/或比第二开口(30)的尺寸大的截面。

Description

机动车辆的装饰零件
技术领域
本实用新型涉及机动车辆的装饰零件，其包括装饰层，装饰层包括至少一第一材料层，第一材料层具有后表面和前表面，第一材料层限定通过第一开口通向前表面并通过第二开口通向后表面的槽。
背景技术
在一装饰零件中，可能希望得到照亮的装饰层的前表面，以便在其中显示信息、扩散环境光、或者赋予装饰零件特殊的外观。在这种情况下，希望光源位于装饰层的后表面一侧，以便从装饰零件外看不见光源，并且光源可以很容易纳入到装饰零件所在的结构中。则人们叫做背后照明装饰零件。
但是，当装饰层不是半透明时，例如当该层由木质材料如木材形成时，背后照明很难实施。
在这种情况下，已知例如将装饰层钻孔，以便使光通过钻孔穿过装饰层。但是，这些钻孔不能令人满意，因为它们破坏装饰层的外观。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的之一是克服这些缺点，提出具有满意的外观并且它的装饰层可以局部背后照明的装饰零件。
因此，本实用新型涉及上述类型的装饰零件，其中装饰层另外包括至少部分接受在第一材料层的槽中的至少一半透明零件，半透明零件从前表面到后表面穿过第一材料层，半透明零件在后表面与前表面之间的槽中的截面尺寸大于第一开口的尺寸，并且/或者大于第二开口的尺寸。
半透明零件通过镶嵌在第一材料层中的就位允许穿过装饰层扩散光。半透明零件产生穿过第一材料厚度的光线透出点。另外，半透明零件镶嵌在装饰层中改善了装饰零件的外观和状态。
根据符合本实用新型的装饰零件的其它特征；
-半透明零件是刚性的；
-装饰零件包括位于装饰层后表面一侧的光源，该光源能够照亮装饰层的后表面，使得光线通过半透明零件穿过装饰层；
-半透明零件具有前表面，半透明零件的前表面在第一开口中在第一材料层的前表面的连续部分中延伸；
-半透明零件由半透明球体形成，或者具有基本为锥形或截锥形的形状；
-半透明零件在第一材料层的前表面与后表面之间的槽中的截面尺寸严格大于第一材料层的厚度；
-装饰零件包括延伸在第一材料层后表面上的半透明加固层；
-半透明零件通过后表面从第一材料层突起，半透明零件嵌在加固层中；
-装饰零件包括多个分布在装饰层上的半透明零件。
附图说明
阅读下面作为例子给出并参照以下附图进行的描述将了解本实用新型的其它方面和特征，其中：
-图1是符合本实用新型第一实施例的装饰零件的一部分的示意剖视图；
-图2是图1的装饰零件的区域II的示意图；
-图3是符合第二实施例的装饰零件d一部分与图2类似的示意图。
具体实施方式
描述中，术语“内”和“外”都相对装饰零件位于机动车辆中时的方向定义，术语“内”表示用于朝向机动车辆车身，并且对于机动车辆乘坐者是不可见的。术语“外”表示用于朝向车辆的座舱内。术语“前”表示零件向外的一侧，术语“后”表示零件向内的一侧。
下文中，光在可见光范围内，即由波长一般在380纳米至780纳米之间的电磁波组成。下文中，术语“半透明”是指传输光的物体，即具有的光传输率在5％到100％之间。术语“不透明”是指几乎不或完全不让光通过的物体，即光传输率小于5％、甚至接近0％的物体。术语“透明”是指通过折射传输光的物体，穿过透明体可以清晰看到物体，即光传输率接近100％的物体。
图1所示的装饰零件例如是机动车辆仪表板的主体、装饰板或机动车辆的别的零件。装饰零件1的外表面可以从机动车辆的座舱2内看见。
根据图1的实施例，装饰零件1从外向内包括：覆盖层4、装饰层6、加固层8、半透明支撑零件10和光源12。当然，装饰零件1可以包括或多或少的层，只有装饰层对本实用新型是主要的。
根据本实用新型，装饰层6包括第一材料层14和至少一半透明零件16。
如图1所示，装饰层6包括四个分布在第一材料层14上的半透明零件16。
第一材料层14包括例如一天然木层，或一些木层的重叠。
第一材料例如是木材、碳纤维、石材。
在所示例子中，第一材料层14例如是木质纤维素制成的木质装饰层。第一材料层14例如是木质薄板，最好是天然木质薄板。覆盖层6包括单一木质层或重叠的多个木质层。作为变型，第一材料层14是金属层、编织的或无纺的纺织层、纤维加固的塑料层、或矿物层。金属层例如是金属薄板，尤其是铝薄板。纺织层例如是天然纤维或合成纤维的编织层，尤其是棉纤维、羊毛纤维、麻纤维、塑料纤维。纤维加固塑料层是碳纤维加固的塑料(PRFC或英文的CFRP：碳纤维加固塑料)，或aramide纤维(公知的商业名称Kevlar)。矿物层例如是页岩石，例如板岩或云母。
第一材料层14具有可从机动车辆的座舱2看见的前表面20，和朝向机动车辆的车身的后表面22。后表面22与前表面20基本平行。
第一材料层14足够薄，以便具有一定的柔软度，和因此能够三维成型。例如，第一材料层14具有装饰零件1的复杂三维形状，并尤其形成不可展开的表面。特别是，如下面描述的，第一材料层14能够变形，以便可以镶嵌每个半透明零件16。另外，有利地是，第一材料层14足够厚，以便基本不透明。
第一材料层14具有的在前表面20与后表面22之间测量的厚度例如为0.1mm到0.8mm。在该厚度范围内，第一材料层14足够厚，以便深色的第一材料具有小于或等于5％的传输率。实际上，第一材料层14的传输率取决于使用的第一材料，例如树种或木材可能的颜色。例如，对相同的厚度，橡树层比乌木层透光，橡树一般是比乌木更透光的树种。
第一材料层14限定槽26，槽26通过第一开口28通向前表面20，并通过第二开口30通向后表面22，即槽26穿过第一材料层14，并且一方面在前表面20上和另一方面在后表面22上开放。
如图2所示，半透明零件16部分地接受在第一材料层14的槽26中。半透明零件16从前表面20到后表面22穿过第一材料层14。
槽26的形状与半透明零件16接受在槽26中的部分互补。例如，如果半透明零件16由球体形成，槽26的形状为在开口28、30处截去的球形腔。
第一开口28是光源12的光通过它从装饰层6出来并可照亮座舱2的开口。因此，第一开口28的形状基本为机动车辆乘坐者感觉的光点的形状。例如，第一开口28的形状为盘形。例如第一开口28的尺寸d1在0.1mm至2mm之间。
第二开口30是装饰层6背后照明时光源12的光线的入口。有利地，第二开口30足够小，使得当光源12熄灭时，不能从座舱区辨认出开口30后的零件。第二开口30的尺寸d2例如在0.2mm至2mm之间，并最好为0.8mm。
在前表面20与后表面22之间的槽26中的半透明零件16具有的截面32的尺寸d大于第一开口28的尺寸d1。另外，半透明零件16的截面32的尺寸d大于第二开口30的尺寸d2。
在所示例子中，半透明零件16嵌入，使得它具有最大尺寸的截面32基本位于第一材料层14中的槽26的中心，即距两个开口28、30的距离相等。
另外，根据一实施例，半透明零件16的截面32的尺寸d严格大于第一材料层14的厚度。例如在位于前表面20与后表面22之间的槽26中心的半透明零件16的部分的尺寸d在第一材料层14的厚度e的100％到300％之间。
有利地，半透明材零件16是透明的。作为变型，它只是半透明的。
有利地，半透明零件16是刚性的。刚性是指在施加轧制压力时，半透明零件16不变形，或变形非常小。因此，半透明零件16耐受轧制时施加的压力。例如半透明零件16的材料具有高于2000Mpa的杨氏模量。
例如半透明零件16由玻璃或合成材料如塑料制成，例如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)。
在图1-3所示例子中，半透明零件16由半透明球体形成，即由球形的零件形成。半透明零件的截面32的尺寸d等于球体的直径。
例如，如后面将要描述的，半透明球体被部分截去。
半透明零件16具有可从座舱看见的前表面40。
在图1-3所示例子中，半透明零件16的前表面4 0在第一开口28中在第一材料层14的前表面20的连续部分中延伸。因此前表面40与第一开口28互补并基本为平面。
覆盖层4的功能是保护装饰层6，例如防止可能导致第一材料层14加速老化的紫外线辐射。覆盖层4例如为合成树脂，如清漆，例如以聚氨酯或其它为基础的清漆。覆盖层4可以是有色的、半透明的或透明的。
加固层8延伸在第一材料14的后表面22上。加固层8位于半透明支撑零件10上。加固层8保证半透明支撑零件10与装饰层6之间的附着性。
在图1、2所示的第一实施例中，加固层8具有一些与半透明零件16一部分的形状吻合的穿孔42。半透明零件16镶嵌在加固层8中，并且通过后表面从加固层8突出。
加固层8的材料例如是编织物，如纺织物或无纺物、或纸或硬纸壳，或塑料膜或其它材料。
加固层8最好是半透明的。由于形成它的材料，或由于它的设置(例如编织物网格的大小)，或者由于材料选择和设置的结合，加固层因此允许光线通过。另外，加固层8由软材料形成。软是指加固层不是刚性的，并且可以成型。
半透明支撑材料10由可注入到注入工具中的材料形成。半透明支撑零件10例如基本是刚性的，和因此可以保持加固层8和装饰层6的形状，并加固装饰零件1。半透明支撑零件10例如由可注入塑料形成，例如由纤维特别是玻璃纤维加固的或未加固的PC、ABS-PC、聚酰胺(PA)。
光源12位于装饰层的后表面一侧。光源12例如位于与装饰层6相对的半透明支撑零件10一侧。光源12例如固定在机动车辆的车身上。光源12可在点亮状态与熄灭状态之间操纵。光源12例如包括至少一灯泡和/或电发光二极管。光源12能够照亮装饰层6的后表面，以使光线通过半透明零件16穿过装饰层6。光源12可以包括光导件，如一个或多个用于将光分配在装饰零件1的表面的光纤。
现在描述装饰零件1的制造方法。
提供加固层8和第一材料初始层。该第一材料初始层的厚度基本大于第一材料层14的设置厚度e。
提供一轧机。例如轧机包括能够在第一材料层14的表面20、22之间提供连续压力以便减小第一材料层厚度的两个相对旋转的轧辊。
通过例如粘贴将第一材料层14和加固层8组装在一起，因此形成可以成型的软复合体。
在图1的例子中，在轧制步骤之前将加固层8组装到第一材料层14上。
在轧制步骤前，用于形成半透明零件16的半透明球体置于第一材料层14的前表面20上。例如球体的放置是随机的。
在第一材料层14的轧制步骤的过程中，借助轧机轧制被半透明球体覆盖的第一材料层14。轧制过程中，第一材料层14达到它的最终厚度e，并且球体镶嵌在第一材料层14中，即球体深入到第一材料层14的厚度中，第一材料形成围绕球体的槽26。
例如，通过轧机施加的与第一材料层14基本垂直的在球体与第一材料层之间的压力在1bar到100bar之间。
第一材料层14的变形度为，第一材料14变形，以限定用于球体的槽26，然后与球体的形状吻合。例如，在木质材料的情况下，在施加球体的压力时，木质材料的纤维轻微压扁，以便使更大尺寸的截面通过。木质材料随后返回平衡状态，使得第一和第二开口28、30收缩，以便与球体的形状吻合。
因此，在轧制的过程中进行半透明零件16在第一材料层14中的镶嵌。
另外，在轧制前使加固层8与第一材料层14组装的所示例子中，半透明零件16还刺穿加固层8。因此半透明零件镶嵌在加固层8中。
为了制造图1的装饰零件，该方法包括球体抛光的步骤。球体的抛光在前表面20一侧进行。抛光可以使球体具有被截断的表面，形成半透明零件16的前表面40，前表面40在第一开口28中延伸在第一材料层14的前表面20的连续部分中。抛光可以使与球体有关的突起变平。
在轧制和抛光后添加覆盖层4。覆盖层4通过固结第一材料层加固镶嵌，并且可以使装饰零件1的外表面光滑。
另外，半透明支撑零件10例如通过注入施加在加固层8上。因此半透明支撑零件10与半透明零件的形状吻合。
光源12相对装饰零件1的其它部分就位，以使得光线通过每个半透明零件16穿过装饰层6。
符合第二实施例的装饰零件50示于图3。在该实施例中，半透明零件16具有后表面52，后表面52在第二开口30中在第一材料层14的后表面22的连续部分中延伸。
该制造方法与前面所述制造方法的不同在于，球体在其镶嵌后从后表面22的一侧抛光。
另外，加固层8在轧制和抛光步骤后组装到装饰层6上。
该设置可以得到比第一实施例的装饰零件1更大的第二开口30。另外，加固层8不包括穿孔42，并保持完整。
在该第二实施例中，加固层8是半透明的。
根据未出示的第三实施例，半透明零件16的前表面40相对第一材料层14的前表面20突出。该设置是有利的，例如在装饰零件1、50上产生织构效果。
因此装饰零件1、50具有带有光点的木层的整体外形。光线不直接进入座舱，感觉到的效果质量更好。
另外，半透明零件16的形状可以有在第一开口28与第二开口30之间光线虹彩的效果。
在背后照明时，光线通过第一开口在座舱中出现。第一开口28的形状构成显现的发光盘。
半透明零件16的数量和位置可以变化。例如，半透明零件16不规律地分布在整个前表面20上，以便给装饰零件1、50以星空的外观，或者规则分布，以形成一图案。
在所示例子中，与每个半透明零件16相关的第一开口28具有相同的形状和尺寸。
作为变型，与每个半透明零件16相关的第一开口28具有不同形状或尺寸。
对于大于第一材料层厚度的直径d相同的球体，第一开口28的尺寸d1取决于球体深入第一材料层14的程度。球体越深入，第一开口28的直径越小。
在制造方法的一变型中，半透明零件在补充注模时镶嵌在装饰层6中。使球体和装饰层6处于一注入模型中。注入压力将球体镶嵌在装饰层6中，然后抛光前表面。
在一变型中，半透明零件16具有尺寸不同的前表面40和后表面52，以及尺寸在前表面50的尺寸与后表面52的尺寸之间的截面。例如，半透明零件16的形状为锥形、截锥形、金字塔形、或截断金字塔形或其它形。
因此，半透明零件16具有尺寸比第一开口28的尺寸和第二开口30的尺寸之一大但又比第一开口28的尺寸和第二开口的尺寸之另一小或相等的截面。该形状便于半透明零件16嵌入到第一材料层14中。
根据本实用新型一实施例，第一开口28的尺寸等于第二开口30的尺寸，并且半透明零件16在槽26中具有尺寸大于第二开口30和第一开口28的尺寸的截面。
根据本实用新型一实施例，第一开口28的尺寸大于第二开口30的尺寸，并且半透明零件16在槽26中具有尺寸大于第一开口28的尺寸并且大于第二开口30尺寸的截面。
根据本实用新型一实施例，第一开口28的尺寸大于第二开口30的尺寸，并且半透明零件16在槽26中具有尺寸大于第二开口30尺寸并小于第一开口28尺寸的截面。
根据本实用新型一实施例，第一开口28的尺寸小于第二开口30的尺寸，并且半透明零件16在槽26中具有尺寸大于第一开口28的尺寸并且大于第二开口30尺寸的截面。
根据本实用新型一实施例，第一开口28的尺寸小于第二开口30的尺寸，并且半透明零件16在槽26中具有尺寸大于第一开口28的尺寸并且小于第二开口30尺寸的截面。

Claims (8)

1.机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其包括装饰层(6)，装饰层包括至少一第一材料层(14)，第一材料层(14)具有后表面(22)和前表面(20)，第一材料层(14)限定槽(26)，所述槽通过第一开口(28)通向第一材料层的前表面(20)，并通过第二开口(30)通向后表面(22)，其特征在于，装饰层(6)另外包括至少部分接受在第一材料层(14)的槽(26)中的至少一半透明零件(16)，半透明零件(16)从第一材料层的前表面(20)到后表面(22)穿过第一材料层(14)，半透明零件(16)在后表面(22)与第一材料层的前表面(20)之间的槽(26)中具有尺寸比第一开口(28)的尺寸大和/或比第二开口(30)的尺寸大的截面。
2.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其特征在于，半透明零件(16)是刚性的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其特征在于，该机动车辆的装饰零件包括位于装饰层(6)的后表面一侧的光源(12)，光源能够照亮装饰层(6)的后表面，使得光线通过半透明零件(16)穿过装饰层(6)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其特征在于，半透明零件(16)具有前表面(40)，半透明零件的前表面在第一开口(28)中延伸在第一材料层(14)的前表面(20)的连续部分中。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其特征在于，半透明零件(16)由半透明球体形成，或者具有大致锥形或截锥形的形状。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其特征在于，半透明零件(16)在第一材料层的前表面(20)与后表面(22)之间的槽(26)中具有尺寸严格大于第一材料层(14)厚度的截面。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其特征在于，机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)包括延伸在第一材料层(14)的后表面(22)上的加固层(8)，加固层(8)是半透明的。
8.如权利要求7所述的机动车辆的装饰零件(1、50)，其特征在于，半透明零件(16)通过第一材料层的后表面(22)从第一材料层(14)突起，半透明零件(16)嵌在加固层(8)中。
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