CN204255775U - Material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature - Google Patents
Material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN204255775U CN204255775U CN201420790732.0U CN201420790732U CN204255775U CN 204255775 U CN204255775 U CN 204255775U CN 201420790732 U CN201420790732 U CN 201420790732U CN 204255775 U CN204255775 U CN 204255775U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under a kind of service temperature, belongs to precision actuation field.Realize the synchronized or synchronous friction speed displacement of Long Distances Biaxial synchronous by the piezoelectric actuator of four groups of quadrature arrangement to export, in conjunction with embedded high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet, be that millimetre-sized block materials or the membraneous material twin shaft static stretch carried out under high/low temperature service condition is tested or dynamic fatigue test for characteristic dimension.Be easy to the micro-imaging equipment realizing there is with the scanning electron microscope of larger vacuum cavity or other open bearing space, as optical microscope, atomic force microscope, high-speed camera etc. are combined, the twin shaft static stretch test of various modes or the twin shaft dynamic fatigue test of large frequency range can be carried out, be convenient to carry out to all kinds of structured material or functional material under complicated service condition, as high/low temperature condition, the Evolution Microstructure behavior of quiet dynamic plane stress condition and the research of fatigue failure mechanism.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to precision actuation field, the in-situ mechanical field tests of fatigue of materials performance, material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under espespecially a kind of service temperature.This platform is by using with the compatibility of the Image-forming instrument equipment such as scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and optical microscope, can study the fatigue failure mechanism of material under high/low temperature Service Environment and plane stress state, for understanding, disclose the fatigue damage of material and promoting the service reliability of engineering structure and stability provides method of testing.
Background technology
Material and goods thereof are when alternate load effect, although the load amplitude suffered by it is far below its yield strength or tensile strength, through repeatedly, long-term distortion accumulation, the final behavior that rupture failure occurs is all caused by fatigue failure usually.Owing to lacking the further investigation to fatigue of materials failure mechanism and tired Micro Mechanical Properties, all kinds ofly be difficult to predictability and greatly destructive and cause huge economic loss because of it because of the fatigue of materials accident caused that lost efficacy, the fatigue break of large-scale water turbine draft cone occurred as China in 1998 and scrapping of Japanese Environment monitor satellite in 2003.
Under existing micro-scale, the test of fatigue mechanics performance is mostly by after the ex situ test of business-like fatigue tester, the high resolution observations function of recycling scanning electron microscope etc., material local defect place stress to be concentrated and the slippage produced and micro-crack nucleation and fatigue fracture conduct a research, or miniaturization original position stretching tester realizes reciprocal stretching, compressed action under utilizing scanning electron microscope, but be generally applied in the less demanding low-cycle fatigue test of loading frequency.Commercialization fatigue tester being most widely used with electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine, product as the company such as American MTS and Instron is applied very general in the research institutions of China, these testing machines generally include the hydraulic system unit such as hydraulic power unit, hydraulic valve, oil cylinder, integrated high performance frequency generator, can realize the drive load function of large frequency range.But because this kind of testing machine volume is comparatively large, what be difficult to realize with all kinds of imaging device is integrated, does not generally possess the function realizing original position testing fatigue.And be limited to the revolution inertia of servomotor and stepper motor, especially be integrated with comparatively after larger reduction ratio speed reduction structure, existing miniaturization tester for elongation is difficult to the loading realizing upper frequency, is namely difficult to carry out the requirement of the high cycle fatigue test more met under each class A of geometric unitA actual condition.Therefore, the manufacture and exploit of original position testing fatigue instrument is faced with the pressing issues such as miniaturized structure and test frequency raising.In addition, the imaging time obtaining HD image because of scanning electron microscope and AFM is longer, be difficult to carry out image acquisition to the test specimen bearing middle and high frequency alternate load in real time, the method for carrying out image acquisition after therefore generally taking certain circulating cycle number is observed the fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior caused because of alternate load.
The type hydraulic actuator fatigue tester that the only a few that Shimadzu Corporation of Japan releases can use with scanning electron microscope compatibility, this instrument can realize ± the maximum load power of 5kN and the effective amplitude of 10mm, but the highest loading frequency is only 10Hz, though had larger lifting to the testing fatigue loading frequency that original position stretching testing tool can provide, but still be difficult to the requirement meeting medium, high frequency testing fatigue.In addition, hydraulic drive unit and the specimen holder unit of this instrument are fixedly installed on the sealing baffle of scanning electron microscope respectively, do not use the multiple degrees of freedom article carrying platform of scanning electron microscope, be difficult to realize scanning electron microscope to the searching of test specimen area-of-interest and specific observation, and due to testing tool and scanning electron microscope integrative installation technology, cause other functions of this scanning electron microscope to be difficult to normal use.
The characteristics such as piezoelectric device responds because it is quick, compact structure is compact, good reliability are also used on the testing fatigue of microscale component.Wherein, PI Corp. is proposed piezo-electric type fatigue loading module, and is successfully applied in the fatigue properties research of microscale component.2005, the D.Son etc. of South Korea Seoul national university has built the fatigue test device based on piezoelectric actuator, high cycle fatigue performance for Ni-based MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) component processed photoetching, electroforming and injection moulding (LIGA) is studied, this proving installation comprises piezoelectric actuator, three-shaft displacement and manually adjusts platform and CCD module, strain controlling pattern is adopted in test process, loading frequency is 20Hz, result shows, when stress ratio R is 0.13, the fatigue strength of this Ni-based MEMS component is about 143MPa, and fatigue lifetime is about 4 × 10
4secondary.2010, the T.Tsuchiya of Kyoto Univ Japan etc. also adopt piezoelectric driving technology to develop a kind of device for fatigue of materials failure performance test micro electronmechanical under high humidity environment, test specimen is the single crystal silicon material of 100 μm × 13 μm × 3.3 μm, and be placed in one and have in the environmental chamber of circulation airflow, the temperature and humidity of air-flow is adjustable.This proving installation adopts the Polytec piezoelectric actuator of PI Corp., and is placed on the manual accurate operation platform of three axles of large platform optical microscope, and can realize maximum load power is 0.2N, and effective exercise stroke is ± 15 μm, and limit loading frequency is 100Hz.Found by test, when ambient humidity be 60%, stress ratio R is 0.15, the fatigue lifetime of monocrystalline silicon thin film is 2.72 × 10
5secondary.But the output displacement due to piezoelectric device is many in tens micron levels, be difficult to realize loading the large stroke reciprocating of block materials, and the flexure hinge mechanism of large rigidity often weakens the output displacement of piezoelectric device in piezoelectric actuator, the flexible hinge of little rigidity, then due to its inertial force, is difficult to realize the quick response under higher loading frequency.
To sum up, up to now, three classes can be summarized as to the research of original position testing fatigue both at home and abroad: one is the low-cycle fatigue test that the lower frequency utilizing original position stretching testing tool to realize under scanning electron microscope loads; Two is the Long Distances testing fatigues to block materials utilizing hydraulic-driven technology to realize under scanning electron microscope, but its loading frequency is limited, and is difficult to adjust imaging region; Three is test based on the high-cycle fatigue of the microscale component of piezoelectric driving technology under CCD.Said method is because structure is comparatively large, local accent frequency is not enough, there is the factor such as machinery inertial and enlargement ratio deficiency, limit the further investigation to Fatigue Damage Mechanism under scanning electron microscope, and the fatigue test device under said method shorter mention temperature Service Environment plane stress state.Because the fatigue failure of material and goods thereof is often owing to stress state and the temperature environment of complexity, therefore, design is a kind of is used for twin shaft Mechanics Performance Testing, compact, measuring accuracy is high, and can realize compatiblely using the fatigue test device under service temperature very necessary with the multiple Image-forming instrument such as scanning electron microscope.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under a kind of service temperature, solves the problems referred to above that prior art exists.Size of main body of the present utility model is 149mm × 139mm × 29mm, can compatiblely in the vacuum cavity of Zeiss EVO18 type scanning electron microscope and FEI Quant250 model scanning electron microscope etc. use.Compared to existing electro-hydraulic servo type or motor driving type fatigue tester, the utility model realizes the synchronized or synchronous friction speed displacement of Long Distances Biaxial synchronous by the Piexoelectric actuator of four groups of quadrature arrangement and exports, in conjunction with embedded high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet or Peltier sheet, can be that millimetre-sized block materials or the membraneous material static stretch carried out under high/low temperature service condition is tested or dynamic fatigue test for characteristic dimension.Can to the research of the Evolution Microstructure behavior of engineering structure under complicated service condition and fatigue failure mechanism to the research of material fatigue failure behavior under plane stress state.Meanwhile, the high/low temperature temperature value-added tax function that the utility model utilizes high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet and Peltier sheet to realize, can build close to the physical field environment under the true service condition of material, for the correlativity disclosing the thermal fatigue behavior of material under microscale and deformation damage provides method of testing.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature, comprise dual spindle piezoelectric driver element, heating/refrigerating unit, cruciform specimen grip unit, biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and base supports unit, wherein, flexible hinge 9 in dual spindle piezoelectric driver element is threaded connection mode and is rigidly connected with the pull pressure sensor 8 in biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and the pedestal 7 in base supports unit respectively, lower clamp body 15 in cruciform specimen grip unit is rigidly connected respectively by the guide rail slide block 6 in thread connecting mode and base supports unit, and to pitch respectively by the gauge length of the extensometer 13 in the internal thread hole of its side draw-in groove and rear end and biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and pull pressure sensor 8 is fastenedly connected, heating/refrigerating unit is installed draw-in groove 16 by disc type and is embedded in the pilot hole of the pedestal 7 be installed in base supports unit,
Described dual spindle piezoelectric driver element by four quadrature arrangement and the piezoelectric actuator of coplanar installation form, each piezoelectric actuator is made up of piezoelectric stack I 1, piezoelectric stack II 2 and flexible hinge 9, piezoelectric stack I, II 1,2 adopts serial arrangement for exporting alternating displacement or the constant displacement of higher magnitude, flexible hinge 9 adopts arc transitional type hinge format, and in its rhombus, envelope structure is amplified the controlled displacement that piezoelectric stack I, II 1,2 exports;
Described heating/refrigerating unit comprises high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10 and disc type installs draw-in groove 16, wherein high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10 embeds in the rectangular channel being installed on disc type installation draw-in groove 16, and the width of rectangular channel is consistent with the width of high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10;
Described cruciform specimen grip unit comprises clamp body 14, lower clamp body 15, clamp body trip bolt 17 and cruciform specimen 3, described upper clamp body 14 and lower clamp body 15 have the groove and boss structure that are used in conjunction with each other respectively, to realize the centering of cruciform specimen 3 on two orthogonal draw directions;
Described biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit comprises four groups of pull pressure sensor 8 and extensometer 13, wherein two pull pressure sensor 8 at right angle settings of arbitrary neighborhood, and the mode that is threaded connection is rigidly connected with lower clamp body 15 and flexible hinge 9 respectively, two extensometers 13 also at right angle setting of arbitrary neighborhood, and its elasticity gauge length fork installation by adhering is in the rectangle draw-in groove of lower clamp body 15; At an angle to each other in orthogonal drawing plane of one group of adjacent pull pressure sensor 8 and extensometer 13 is 45 °;
Described base supports unit comprises lip block 5, guide rail slide block 6, pedestal 7 and line slideway 18, described guide rail slide block 6 pairs of lower clamp body 15 tensile axis rectilinear motion upwards play the guiding role, line slideway 18 is threaded connection mode and is fixedly mounted in the rectangular recess of pedestal 7, and pedestal 7 is rigidly connected by lip block 5 and flexible hinge 9 transition.
The loading that described piezoelectric stack I 1 and the elastic elongation of piezoelectric stack II 2 and return motion correspond to tested cruciform specimen 3 is respectively Tension and Compression, piezoelectric stack I, II 1,2 is in the state of bearing compression stress all the time, often organizing offside piezoelectric stack exports synchronous with constant amplitude displacement frequently, to guarantee that tested cruciform specimen 3 bears coaxial variable to motion; Often organize the different amplitude variation shape that adjacent side piezoelectric stack also exports the distortion of the synchronous constant amplitude with frequency or synchronous pilot frequency, to be separately implemented at the plane stress state of identical or different stress ratio on two orthogonal draw directions; In the series arrangement structure of piezoelectric stack I 1 and piezoelectric stack II 2 and the diamond type of flexible hinge 9, envelope topological structure realizes the displacement equations ratio of piezoelectric stack I, II 1,2 output displacement is 7.4.
Described upper clamp body 14 has diamond groove, and two lozenges angles of this groove are 120 °, and lower clamp body 15 then has rhombus boss, and this boss shape matches with the diamond groove of upper clamp body 14, and two lozenges angles are also 120 °; The shape of the bare terminal end of cruciform specimen 3 and rhombus boss, groove is also consistent, the centering of bearing under tensile load operating mode for cruciform specimen 3 towards one group of lozenges of cruciform specimen 3 guage section is located, one group of lozenges of cruciform specimen 3 guage section then bears the centering location under compressive load operating mode for cruciform specimen 3 dorsad, all with the broached-tooth design vertical with stretching/compressing direction on rhombus boss and groove, to increase the clamping stability under alternate load effect.
The quantity of described high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10 is eight, and thickness, width and length specification are all consistent, integral embedded type is installed on disc type and installs in draw-in groove 16, high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet and Peltier sheet are respectively used to heat tested cruciform specimen 3 and freeze, the topological structure of eight high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet cross envelopes fully carries out heat radiation or cold emission to four sections of guage section of cruciform specimen 3, high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet and Peltier sheet are according to the different any switching laws of temperature Service Environment, it is high temperature resistant quartz ware that disc type installs draw-in groove 16.
The quantity of described extensometer 13 is four, and its elasticity gauge length fork is by the fastening draw-in groove being arranged on lower clamp body 15 of embedded mode, and the geometrical axis of each extensometer 13 and adjacent pairwise orthogonal stretching axis are mutually 45 °; According to the ratio of the on-load voltage of adjacent two piezoelectric actuators, determine that the absolute displacement of two adjacent lower clamp bodies 15 also exists this ratio, therefore measure mutually perpendicular adjacent two lower clamp bodies 15 along the absolute displacement on respective stretching/compressing direction by single extensometer 13, quantitatively can detect along the deflection on different loading direction tested cruciform specimen 3; The elastic displacement obtained by four extensometers 13 carries out equalization process, accurately can calculate the deflection of cruciform specimen 3.
Described pedestal 7 center is provided with tray type structure for strengthening pedestal rigidity, and which is provided with array counterbore, fixedly mounts for the objective table having an open carrying environment with scanning electron microscope or other; Along each tensile axis to, the rectangular plate-like structure of pedestal 7 is processed with groove by Linear cut mode, for installing line slideway 18 and guaranteeing the depth of parallelism that four line slideways 18 are installed along respective stretching/compressing direction; In addition, when removal installs draw-in groove 16 for the disc type of installing high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10, the center positioning hole of pedestal 7 also can pass through visible light source or X ray, and visible light transmissive source, bottom can be utilized to carry out morphology observations to cruciform specimen 3 or utilize X ray to carry out X-ray diffraction analysis to cruciform specimen 3.
Under described service temperature, the size of main body of material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform is 149mm × 139mm × 29mm.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: compact conformation, measuring accuracy are high, and size of main body is 149mm × 139mm × 29mm.Compared with prior art, the utility model utilizes the piezoelectric actuator of the special topological structure of compact to export the synchronized or synchronous friction speed displacement of controlled Biaxial synchronous, in conjunction with the heating function of high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet or the refrigerating function of Peltier sheet, the high-cycle fatigue test under temperature service condition can be carried out.In addition, the utility model is by using with the compatibility of the Image-forming instrument equipment such as scanning electron microscope, can study the fatigue failure mechanism of material under high/low temperature Service Environment and plane stress state, for understanding, disclose the fatigue damage of material and promoting the service reliability of engineering structure and stability provides method of testing.Practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present utility model, forms a application's part, and illustrative example of the present utility model and explanation thereof, for explaining the utility model, are not formed improper restriction of the present utility model.
Fig. 1 is overall appearance structural representation of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is schematic top plan view of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is schematic front view of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is cross specimen holder cell schematics of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 is dual spindle piezoelectric driver element schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 is flexible hinge deformation principle schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 7 is heating/refrigerating cell schematics of the present utility model;
Fig. 8 is base supports cell schematics of the present utility model;
Fig. 9 is cruciform specimen practical distortion computing method schematic diagram of the present utility model.
In figure: 1, piezoelectric stack I; 2, piezoelectric stack II; 3, cruciform specimen; 4, piezoelectric actuator trip bolt; 5, lip block; 6, guide rail slide block; 7, pedestal; 8, pull pressure sensor; 9, flexible hinge; 10, high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet; 11, lower clamp body mounting screw; 12, piezoelectric stack pre-loading screw; 13, extensometer; 14, upper clamp body; 15, lower clamp body; 16, disc type installs draw-in groove; 17, clamp body trip bolt; 18, line slideway.
Embodiment
Detailed content of the present utility model and embodiment thereof is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
See shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature of the present utility model, comprise dual spindle piezoelectric driver element, heating/refrigerating unit, cruciform specimen grip unit, biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and base supports unit, wherein, flexible hinge 9 in dual spindle piezoelectric driver element is threaded connection mode and is rigidly connected with the pull pressure sensor 8 in biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and the pedestal 7 in base supports unit respectively, lower clamp body 15 in cruciform specimen grip unit is rigidly connected respectively by the guide rail slide block 6 in thread connecting mode and base supports unit, and to pitch respectively by the gauge length of the extensometer 13 in the internal thread hole of its side draw-in groove and rear end and biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and pull pressure sensor 8 is fastenedly connected, heating/refrigerating unit is installed draw-in groove 16 by disc type and is embedded in the pilot hole of the pedestal 7 be installed in base supports unit,
Shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, described dual spindle piezoelectric driver element by four quadrature arrangement and the piezoelectric actuator of coplanar installation form, each piezoelectric actuator is by piezoelectric stack I 1, piezoelectric stack II 2 and flexible hinge 9 form, piezoelectric stack I, II 1, 2 adopt serial arrangement for exporting alternating displacement or the constant displacement of higher magnitude, flexible hinge 9 adopts arc transitional type hinge format, in its rhombus, envelope structure is to piezoelectric stack I, II 1, the 2 controlled displacements exported are amplified, piezoelectric stack I, II 1, 2 are connected with flexible hinge 9 by piezoelectric stack pre-loading screw 12.
Shown in Figure 7, described heating/refrigerating unit comprises high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10 and disc type installs draw-in groove 16, wherein high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10 embeds in the rectangular channel being installed on disc type installation draw-in groove 16, and the width of rectangular channel is consistent with the width of high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10;
Shown in Figure 4, described cruciform specimen grip unit comprises clamp body 14, lower clamp body 15, clamp body trip bolt 17, lower clamp body mounting screw 11 and cruciform specimen 3, described upper clamp body 14 and lower clamp body 15 have the groove and boss structure that are used in conjunction with each other respectively, to realize the centering of cruciform specimen 3 on two orthogonal draw directions;
Described biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit comprises four groups of pull pressure sensor 8 and extensometer 13, wherein two pull pressure sensor 8 at right angle settings of arbitrary neighborhood, and the mode that is threaded connection is rigidly connected with lower clamp body 15 and flexible hinge 9 respectively, two extensometers 13 also at right angle setting of arbitrary neighborhood, and its elasticity gauge length fork installation by adhering is in the rectangle draw-in groove of lower clamp body 15; At an angle to each other in orthogonal drawing plane of one group of adjacent pull pressure sensor 8 and extensometer 13 is 45 °;
Shown in Figure 8, described base supports unit comprises lip block 5, guide rail slide block 6, pedestal 7 and line slideway 18, described guide rail slide block 6 pairs of lower clamp body 15 tensile axis rectilinear motion upwards play the guiding role, line slideway 18 is threaded connection mode and is fixedly mounted in the rectangular recess of pedestal 7, and pedestal 7 is rigidly connected with flexible hinge 9 transition by lip block 5, piezoelectric actuator trip bolt 4.
The loading that described piezoelectric stack I 1 and the elastic elongation of piezoelectric stack II 2 and return motion correspond to tested cruciform specimen 3 is respectively Tension and Compression, piezoelectric stack I, II 1,2 is in the state of bearing compression stress all the time, often organizing offside piezoelectric stack exports synchronous with constant amplitude displacement frequently, to guarantee that tested cruciform specimen 3 bears coaxial variable to motion; Often organize the different amplitude variation shape that adjacent side piezoelectric stack also exports the distortion of the synchronous constant amplitude with frequency or synchronous pilot frequency, to be separately implemented at the plane stress state of identical or different stress ratio on two orthogonal draw directions; In the series arrangement structure of piezoelectric stack I 1 and piezoelectric stack II 2 and the diamond type of flexible hinge 9, envelope topological structure realizes the displacement equations ratio of piezoelectric stack I, II 1,2 output displacement is 7.4.
Described upper clamp body 14 has diamond groove, and two lozenges angles of this groove are 120 °, and lower clamp body 15 then has rhombus boss, and this boss shape matches with the diamond groove of upper clamp body 14, and two lozenges angles are also 120 °; The shape of the bare terminal end of cruciform specimen 3 and rhombus boss, groove is also consistent, the centering of bearing under tensile load operating mode for cruciform specimen 3 towards one group of lozenges of cruciform specimen 3 guage section is located, one group of lozenges of cruciform specimen 3 guage section then bears the centering location under compressive load operating mode for cruciform specimen 3 dorsad, all with the broached-tooth design vertical with stretching/compressing direction on rhombus boss and groove, to increase the clamping stability under alternate load effect.
The quantity of described high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10 is eight, and thickness, width and length specification are all consistent, integral embedded type is installed on disc type and installs in draw-in groove 16, high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet and Peltier sheet are respectively used to heat tested cruciform specimen 3 and freeze, the topological structure of eight high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet cross envelopes fully carries out heat radiation or cold emission to four sections of guage section of cruciform specimen 3, high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet and Peltier sheet are according to the different any switching laws of temperature Service Environment, it is high temperature resistant quartz ware that disc type installs draw-in groove 16.
The quantity of described extensometer 13 is four, and its elasticity gauge length fork is by the fastening draw-in groove being arranged on lower clamp body 15 of embedded mode, and the geometrical axis of each extensometer 13 and adjacent pairwise orthogonal stretching axis are mutually 45 °; According to the ratio of the on-load voltage of adjacent two piezoelectric actuators, determine that the absolute displacement of two adjacent lower clamp bodies 15 also exists this ratio, therefore measure mutually perpendicular adjacent two lower clamp bodies 15 along the absolute displacement on respective stretching/compressing direction by single extensometer 13, quantitatively can detect along the deflection on different loading direction tested cruciform specimen 3; The elastic displacement obtained by four extensometers 13 carries out equalization process, accurately can calculate the deflection of cruciform specimen 3.
Described pedestal 7 center is provided with tray type structure for strengthening pedestal rigidity, and which is provided with array counterbore, fixedly mounts for the objective table having an open carrying environment with scanning electron microscope or other; Along each tensile axis to, the rectangular plate-like structure of pedestal 7 is processed with groove by Linear cut mode, for installing line slideway 18 and guaranteeing the depth of parallelism that four line slideways 18 are installed along respective stretching/compressing direction; In addition, when removal installs draw-in groove 16 for the disc type of installing high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet 10, the center positioning hole of pedestal 7 also can pass through visible light source or X ray, and visible light transmissive source, bottom can be utilized to carry out morphology observations to cruciform specimen 3 or utilize X ray to carry out X-ray diffraction analysis to cruciform specimen 3.
See shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature involved by the utility model, the overall dimensions of this test platform is about 149mm × 139mm × 29mm, be designed by the vacuum cavity of FEI Quant 250 model and Zeiss EVO18 type scanning electron microscope and image-forming condition, can use with Olympus DSX-500 and LeicaDM-2700 optical microphotograph imaging system compatibility simultaneously.The components and parts related in the utility model and concrete model are: the model of piezoelectric stack I 1 and piezoelectric stack II 2 is XP-8 × 8/18, and its maximum nominal displacement is 22 μm, and static capacity is 1.6 μ F, and response frequency is 45kHz.The model of extensometer 13 is YSJ-2.5, and range is 2.5mm, and the linearity is 0.25%.The model of pull pressure sensor 8 is JLCS-V, and range is 100N, and the linearity is 0.5%.High-temperature electric heat alloy sheet is high-resistance electrothermic alloy, and its material is Cr20Ni80, and the Peltier cooling piece model used is TEC1-19906, and its rated voltage is 24V, and cold output is 86.4W, and thermopair logarithm is 199.The agent structure of pedestal 7, upper clamp body 14, lower clamp body 15 and flexible hinge 9 all adopts Linear cut mode to process, the laciniation of upper clamp body 14 and lower clamp body 15 and rectangular groove structure all adopt electric spark mode to process, the guide rail locating surface of pedestal 7 and all adopt grinding to carry out planarization with the mounting plane of scanning electron microscope objective table.
The material that flexible hinge 9 uses is 65Mn alloy, and this alloy meets the preparation requirement of GB/T 1222-2007.After thermal treatment and Cold-draw Hardening, 65Mn alloy can realize higher intensity, and its yield strength is better than 430MPa, and the cyclic deformation limit is better than 400MPa.In test process, be the impact that the hysteresis phenomenon weakened in piezoelectric stack I 1 and piezoelectric stack II 2 compression and decompression process brings tensile and compressible strain, adopt feedforward feedback integrated control method, with elevator system response speed, improve control accuracy.By multichannel precision power supply, eight piezoelectric stacks are powered simultaneously, and in control loop, piezoelectric stack output voltage waveforms and frequency are followed the tracks of, utilize its output shift quantity as feedback sources, stack the sequential of excitation, phase place and frequency in conjunction with piezoelectricity unit and carry out effective compensation to inputting multichannel analog voltage signal.The analog voltage signal adopting Art USB2817 multi-Channel Data Acquisition Card to export four groups of extensometers 13 and pull pressure sensor 8 through carrying out precision synchronous collection, this signal compares with given reference digital signal in host computer (PC) software, the foundation of Setting signal is piezoelectric stack input voltage-output displacement relation, comparison signal obtains the voltage signal for compensating piezoelectric stack output displacement by PI parameter tuning, and final control system realizes the accurate control to piezoelectric stack output displacement.
In concrete test process, clamp method according to claims 3, first tested cruciform specimen 3 processes each to symmetrical structure by Linear cut mode, the angle of two lozenges is 120 °, and the shape of bare terminal end and rhombus boss, groove is also consistent.Before test, by mechanical buffing, electrochemical polish or crosscut mode, polishing is carried out to cruciform specimen 3, for the polycrystalline material can preparing metallographic, also prepare the metallographic structure with specific die degree by chemical corrosion.In addition, for under alternate load effect test specimen initial crack germinating and expansion phenomenon have for observation, microhardness testers can be utilized at the guage section of cruciform specimen 3 to thickness to prepare the micro indentation with specific three dimensional shape characteristic at the block materials of submillimeter level, also nano-hardness tester can be utilized to prepare nano impress pattern for the membraneous material of thickness within 50 μm, vickers indentation can be considered at materials synthesis, prepare and initial imperfection artificially prefabricated in process, high resolving power micro-imaging means can be utilized to carry out on-line monitoring with regard to the deformational behavior of this vickers indentation under alternate load and service temperature.After completing test material preparation, cruciform specimen 3 is installed on the rhombus boss of lower clamp body 15, carries out centering location by the diamond groove of upper clamp body 14.Further, laser displacement sensor (LK-G100) can be adopted to detect, for carrying out quantitative measurment to the right alignment in cruciform specimen 3 surface level and on vertical direction the side of cruciform specimen 3 and polished surface displacement respectively along test specimen tensile axis to uniform motion.Afterwards, close the airtight baffle plate of scanning electron microscope vacuum chamber and in XOY plane, drafted the accurate location of test point by the article carrying platform of scanning electron microscope self.Select test pattern to be static stretch test or testing fatigue, if static stretch test, in upper computer software, set strain rate or the rate of stressing of test, now the input voltage of piezoelectric stack is linear increment voltage signal; If testing fatigue, then in upper computer software, set the test frequency in different stretch direction, amplitude, now the input voltage of piezoelectric stack is sinusoidal signal or the pulse signal with characteristic frequency and amplitude.In test process, piezoelectric stack I 1 and piezoelectric stack II 2 are in pressured state all the time, and the highest loading frequency is lower than being 200Hz, with the resonance region away from test platform.The input voltage of piezoelectric stack derives from the voltage signal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) output, and this signal need can be used as effective input voltage by the power amplification rear of Piezoelectric Driving power supply.For realizing observation cruciform specimen 3 having been prepared to indented region deformation process under alternate load effect, complete given cycle index (as 10
2-5 × 10
2) after, should stop powering to piezoelectric stack, be beneficial to the release of piezoelectric stack stored charge in On The Cycle Working Process on the one hand, being convenient to scanning electron microscope carries out high resolution still observation to the propagation behavior of indented region fatigue crack on the one hand.In addition, as shown in Figure 9, when the voltage applied two neighboring piezoelectric actuator is respectively U
xand U
ytime, cruciform specimen 3 is respectively Δ d at the deflection of two orthogonal draw directions of correspondence
xwith Δ d
y, because flexible hinge 9 always works in its elastic deformation stage, U
x, U
y, Δ d
xwith Δ d
xthere is the relation as shown in formula (1), i.e. Δ d
xwith Δ d
yratio be equal to on-load voltage U
xwith U
yratio, again because of the initial geometrical axis of extensometer 13 and two orthogonal draw directions of cruciform specimen 3 be acute angle be 45 °, the therefore initial gage l of cruciform specimen 3
o, the current value l of extensometer 13 and Δ d
xwith Δ d
xthere is the relation as shown in formula (2).Therefore, l is worked as
o, l, U
xand U
ywhen being known quantity, Δ d
xwith Δ d
ycan calculate and try to achieve.On this basis, the result of calculation of four extensometers 13 is the accurate deflection Δ D that deflection that average value processing obtains is an orthogonal draw direction
xwith Δ D
y, computing method are as shown in formula (3) and (4).
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, be not limited to the utility model, for a person skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and variations.All the utility model is done any amendment, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under a service temperature, it is characterized in that: comprise dual spindle piezoelectric driver element, heating/refrigerating unit, cruciform specimen grip unit, biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and base supports unit, wherein, flexible hinge (9) in dual spindle piezoelectric driver element is threaded connection mode and is rigidly connected with the pull pressure sensor (8) in biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and the pedestal (7) in base supports unit respectively, lower clamp body (15) in cruciform specimen grip unit is rigidly connected respectively by the guide rail slide block (6) in thread connecting mode and base supports unit, and to pitch respectively by the gauge length of the extensometer (13) in the internal thread hole of its side draw-in groove and rear end and biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit and pull pressure sensor (8) is fastenedly connected, heating/refrigerating unit is installed draw-in groove (16) by disc type and is embedded in the pilot hole of the pedestal (7) be installed in base supports unit,
Described dual spindle piezoelectric driver element by four quadrature arrangement and the piezoelectric actuator of coplanar installation form, each piezoelectric actuator is made up of piezoelectric stack I (1), piezoelectric stack II (2) and flexible hinge (9), piezoelectric stack I, II (1,2) adopts serial arrangement for exporting alternating displacement or the constant displacement of higher magnitude, flexible hinge (9) adopts arc transitional type hinge format, and in its rhombus, envelope structure is amplified the controlled displacement that piezoelectric stack I, II (1,2) exports;
Described heating/refrigerating unit comprises high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet (10) and disc type installs draw-in groove (16), wherein high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet (10) embeds in the rectangular channel being installed on disc type installation draw-in groove (16), and the width of rectangular channel is consistent with the width of high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet (10);
Described cruciform specimen grip unit comprises clamp body (14), lower clamp body (15), clamp body trip bolt (17) and cruciform specimen (3), described upper clamp body (14) and lower clamp body (15) have the groove and boss structure that are used in conjunction with each other respectively, to realize the centering of cruciform specimen (3) on two orthogonal draw directions;
Described biaxial loading/displacement detecting unit comprises four groups of pull pressure sensor (8) and extensometer (13), wherein two pull pressure sensor (8) at right angle settings of arbitrary neighborhood, and the mode that is threaded connection is rigidly connected with lower clamp body (15) and flexible hinge (9) respectively, two extensometers (13) also at right angle setting of arbitrary neighborhood, and its elasticity gauge length fork installation by adhering is in the rectangle draw-in groove of lower clamp body (15); At an angle to each other in orthogonal drawing plane of one group of adjacent pull pressure sensor (8) and extensometer (13) is 45 °;
Described base supports unit comprises lip block (5), guide rail slide block (6), pedestal (7) and line slideway (18), described guide rail slide block (6) play the guiding role to lower clamp body (15) tensile axis rectilinear motion upwards, line slideway (18) mode of being threaded connection is fixedly mounted in the rectangular recess of pedestal (7), and pedestal (7) is rigidly connected by lip block (5) and flexible hinge (9) transition.
2. material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the loading that described piezoelectric stack I (1) and the elastic elongation of piezoelectric stack II (2) and return motion correspond to tested cruciform specimen (3) is respectively Tension and Compression, piezoelectric stack I, II (1,2) is in the state of bearing compression stress all the time, often organizing offside piezoelectric stack exports synchronous with constant amplitude displacement frequently, to guarantee that tested cruciform specimen (3) bears coaxial variable to motion; Often organize the different amplitude variation shape that adjacent side piezoelectric stack also exports the distortion of the synchronous constant amplitude with frequency or synchronous pilot frequency, to be separately implemented at the plane stress state of identical or different stress ratio on two orthogonal draw directions; In the series arrangement structure of piezoelectric stack I (1) and piezoelectric stack II (2) and the diamond type of flexible hinge (9), envelope topological structure realizes the displacement equations ratio of piezoelectric stack I, II (1,2) output displacement is 7.4.
3. material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described upper clamp body (14) has diamond groove, two lozenges angles of this groove are 120 °, lower clamp body (15) then has rhombus boss, this boss shape matches with the diamond groove of upper clamp body (14), and two lozenges angles are also 120 °; The shape of the bare terminal end of cruciform specimen (3) and rhombus boss, groove is also consistent, the centering of bearing under tensile load operating mode for cruciform specimen (3) towards one group of lozenges of cruciform specimen (3) guage section is located, one group of lozenges of cruciform specimen (3) guage section then bears the centering location under compressive load operating mode for cruciform specimen (3) dorsad, all with the broached-tooth design vertical with stretching/compressing direction on rhombus boss and groove, to increase the clamping stability under alternate load effect.
4. material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quantity of described high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet (10) is eight, and thickness, width and length specification are all consistent, integral embedded type is installed on disc type and installs in draw-in groove (16), high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet and Peltier sheet are respectively used to heat tested cruciform specimen (3) and freeze, the topological structure of eight high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet/Peltier sheet cross envelopes fully carries out heat radiation or cold emission to four sections of guage section of cruciform specimen (3), high-temperature electric heat alloy sheet and Peltier sheet are according to the different any switching laws of temperature Service Environment, it is high temperature resistant quartz ware that disc type installs draw-in groove (16).
5. material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the quantity of described extensometer (13) is four, its elasticity gauge length fork is by the fastening draw-in groove being arranged on lower clamp body (15) of embedded mode, and the geometrical axis of each extensometer (13) and adjacent pairwise orthogonal stretching axis are mutually 45 °; According to the ratio of the on-load voltage of adjacent two piezoelectric actuators, determine that the absolute displacement of two adjacent lower clamp bodies (15) also exists this ratio, measure mutually perpendicular adjacent two lower clamp bodies (15) along the absolute displacement on respective stretching/compressing direction by single extensometer (13), tested cruciform specimen (3) is quantitatively detected along the deflection on different loading direction; The elastic displacement that four extensometers (13) obtain is carried out equalization process, the deflection of cruciform specimen (3) is accurately calculated.
6. material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under service temperature according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pedestal (7) center is provided with tray type structure for strengthening pedestal rigidity, and which is provided with array counterbore, for fixedly mounting with scanning electron microscope or the objective table with open carrying environment; Along each tensile axis to, the rectangular plate-like structure of pedestal (7) is processed with groove by Linear cut mode, for installing line slideway (18) and guaranteeing the depth of parallelism that four line slideways (18) are installed along respective stretching/compressing direction; When removal disc type installs draw-in groove (16), the center positioning hole of pedestal (7), through visible light source or X ray, utilizes visible light transmissive source, bottom carry out morphology observations to cruciform specimen (3) or utilize X ray to carry out X-ray diffraction analysis to cruciform specimen (3).
7. material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform under the service temperature according to claim 1 to 6 any one, is characterized in that: under described service temperature, the size of main body of material twin shaft static and dynamic performance on-line testing platform is 149 mm × 29, mm × 139 mm.
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