CN112082886A - Small high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine providing orthogonal loading - Google Patents
Small high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine providing orthogonal loading Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a small-sized high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine for providing orthogonal loading, and relates to the technical field of material fatigue test tests.A low cycle driving unit of the testing machine adopts an axial driving load generated by the inverse piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric driving group, and the axial driving load is amplified by a load transmission mechanism and then transmitted to a test piece to provide an axial low cycle tension-compression fatigue load for the test piece; the high-frequency driving unit generates high-frequency vibration by depending on the dielectric elastomer and provides a vertical high-frequency vibration fatigue load for a test piece; the force sensor monitors the axial stress condition of the test piece, the displacement sensor monitors the vibration frequency and the vertical displacement, the input voltage of the high-low cycle driving unit is adjusted according to the active disturbance rejection control algorithm, and the amplitude value and the frequency ratio of high-low cycle load on the test piece are accurately controlled. The testing machine disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, small in size, stable in loading, accurate and rapid, can provide mutually orthogonal decoupled high-low cycle composite fatigue loads, and can be matched with a scanning electron microscope to carry out a composite fatigue in-situ test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material fatigue test, in particular to a small high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine which is driven by a dielectric elastomer and can provide orthogonal loading.
Background
The traditional material testing means can be divided into macroscopic mechanical property testing and microscopic structure observation, wherein the macroscopic mechanical property testing uses a universal testing machine, and the microscopic structure observation requires sampling treatment on a test piece and can be observed through an electron microscope. The in-situ testing machine for in-situ testing the mechanical property of the material from a microscopic angle by means of a scanning electron microscope can effectively and directly inspect the microscopic characteristics and failure mechanism of the material under various loads in the testing process, and is an advanced testing device in the field of material science. At present, foreign companies have successfully developed in-situ testing machines which can be used in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope, and although they can perform in-situ fatigue tests under certain conditions, these in-situ testing machines have several disadvantages due to the limitations of the space and testing means of the scanning electron microscope.
(1) The loading of orthogonal high and low cycle composite fatigue loads cannot be realized. The existing in-situ testing machine can only apply tension and compression loads in the axial direction, and can carry out uniaxial high-low cycle composite fatigue test by changing the amplitude and frequency ratio of the high-low cycle loads. The existing in-situ testing machine is difficult to realize the loading of high-cycle vibration load orthogonal to the direction of low-cycle load and cannot simulate the real load condition and the complex stress state required by a test piece due to the limited structure and loading mode.
(2) The driving mode of the low-cycle driving unit is difficult to meet the in-situ test requirement. The low-cycle driving unit of the existing in-situ testing machine can be classified into two types of traditional motor driving and hydraulic driving, and the requirements of the in-situ testing are difficult to meet. The testing machine driven by the motor is difficult to realize high-frequency loading due to the limitation of a driving principle, so that the testing time is long and the efficiency is low; the in-situ fatigue testing machine driven by hydraulic pressure has larger size, can only be used in cooperation with a customized scanning electron microscope, and has poor universality.
(3) The high-cycle drive unit cannot be matched with an in-situ test system. The existing in-situ testing machine cannot load high-cycle load orthogonal to the direction of low-cycle load, because the electromagnetic induction excitation principle of the traditional high-cycle load cannot be applied to the in-situ testing machine, when the high-cycle load is applied by electrifying the testing machine, a space electromagnetic field excited in a testing area can generate strong electromagnetic interference on precision instruments such as a scanning electron microscope and the like, so that the microstructure of a test piece is difficult to observe, and the requirement of small-size in-situ testing cannot be met.
(4) Large volume and high cost. The existing electric and hydraulic fatigue testing machines are generally complex in structure, can be normally used only by being equipped with various accessories, often occupy overlarge testing space, and are high in manufacturing cost and poor in economical efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a small high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine which is driven by a dielectric elastomer and can provide orthogonal loading, so as to meet the application requirements of orthogonal loading, stable loading, small volume, low energy consumption, high compatibility, high robustness and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a provide compound fatigue in situ test machine of small-size height low week of orthogonal loading, this testing machine includes four modules of centre gripping positioning system, low week drive unit, high week drive unit and loading control system.
The clamping and positioning system mainly comprises a base, a high-low circumference clamp, a sensor chuck, an output shaft chuck and a rolling bearing mechanism; the base is a supporting and positioning part of the whole testing machine; one end of the flat-plate-type test piece is clamped by a low-circumference left clamp and a high-circumference clamp in a segmented mode, the other end of the flat-plate-type test piece is fixed on the sensor chuck through a low-circumference right clamp, and the low-circumference left clamp is connected with the output shaft chuck.
The low-cycle driving unit consists of a piezoelectric driving group and a load transmission mechanism; the piezoelectric driving group is in a parallel cylindrical shape, and the load transfer mechanism is a four-connecting-rod type force transfer mechanism; when the testing machine works, the piezoelectric driving group is electrified, stable and large-amplitude low-cycle load can be generated by utilizing the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, the low-cycle load is amplified by the four connecting rods of the load transfer mechanism and acts on the output shaft chuck, and then the low-cycle load is transferred to a test piece through the low-cycle left clamp in a friction loading mode, so that the axial low-cycle tension-compression fatigue load is provided for the test piece.
The high-cycle driving unit is driven by the dielectric elastomer, high-frequency vibration is generated by alternating electrostatic force after the dielectric elastomer is electrified and is directly transmitted to a clamped part of a test piece through the high-cycle clamp, and high-cycle vibration fatigue load orthogonal to the low-cycle load direction is provided for the test piece.
The loading control system consists of a force sensor, a displacement sensor and an external computer; the force sensor monitors the size of the axial tension and compression load applied to the test piece, the displacement sensor monitors the information such as the displacement and the frequency of the end part of the test piece, signals collected by the sensor are transmitted to the computer for analysis, and the input voltages of the piezoelectric working group and the dielectric elastomer are stably adjusted according to an adjusting mechanism of an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) algorithm, so that the amplitude value and the frequency ratio of the composite fatigue load loaded on the test piece are controlled.
Furthermore, two ends of the base are fixed ends for axially positioning the testing machine; the base is axially provided with three positioning bosses which are respectively used for placing the low-circumference driving unit and chucks at two ends of the test piece; the base is vertically provided with a positioning plane for placing a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor can freely move in the positioning plane.
Furthermore, the low-cycle driving unit locks the axial position of the piezoelectric driving set by utilizing the characteristic that the four-bar linkage mechanism amplifies linear displacement, so that the stable loading path is ensured, and the adjusting range of the output load amplitude of the low-cycle driving unit can be controlled by adjusting the geometric position of the four-bar linkage mechanism during assembly.
Furthermore, in the low-cycle load transmission path, a bearing mechanism is arranged at the joint of the output shaft chuck and the low-cycle left clamp, and the axis of the bearing is coaxial with the vibration center of the test piece, so that the high-cycle load and the low-cycle load are distributed in paths and are orthogonal to each other, the mutual decoupling of the high-cycle load and the low-cycle load is realized, and the problem of test piece slipping caused by overlarge load can be avoided.
Furthermore, the connecting part of the low-circumference right clamp and the test piece adopts a flexible connecting structure, so that the interference of non-axial load on the test piece during low-circumference loading is eliminated.
Furthermore, the connection parts of the piezoelectric driving group, the dielectric elastomer and other non-electrical components are insulated and protected by polyimide films, so that the failure of the driving unit caused by short circuit or breakdown is avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, good robustness, accurate loading, stable work, good compatibility, capability of realizing high-frequency orthogonal loading and the like, and is particularly shown in the following aspects:
(1) the loading of orthogonal high and low cycle composite fatigue loads can be realized. The low-cycle driving unit adopts a piezoelectric driving mode to carry out tension and compression load loading, the high-cycle driving unit adopts a dielectric elastomer to realize high-frequency vibration load loading, load transmission paths are mutually independent, loads are mutually orthogonally decoupled, mutual interference cannot be generated, and the real load condition and the complex stress state required by a test piece can be simulated.
(2) The low-cycle driving mode can meet the requirements of in-situ tests. The low-cycle driving unit is formed by the piezoelectric driving group and the four-connecting-rod load transfer mechanism, has a stable loading path, no impact, small structural size, is convenient to use in cooperation with a scanning electron microscope, and can meet the requirements of in-situ fatigue tests.
(3) The high cycle drive unit can be matched to an in situ test system. The high-cycle driving unit is driven by the dielectric elastomer, can realize high-frequency loading, does not generate electromagnetic interference on other electronic components, can be used together with a displacement sensor and a scanning electron microscope, can be matched with an in-situ test system, and can meet the requirements of in-situ fatigue tests.
(4) Simple structure, small size, high efficiency and quick response. The invention does not need an accessory system and a transmission device of the traditional testing machine, has simple structure, avoids redundant energy loss in the loading process, and has high efficiency and quick response.
(5) The self-disturbance-rejection control, the loading is accurate and stable, and the robustness is good. The loading control system dynamically adjusts the input voltage of the high-low cycle driving unit according to the adjusting mechanism of an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) algorithm, can stably control the amplitude and frequency ratio of high-low cycle composite fatigue loads, is high in speed, has no impact, is more accurate in loading, and is convenient for observation matched with a scanning electron microscope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the general structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a test piece of the present invention in a segmented clamping state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a low cycle drive unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a base according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a test piece used in the present invention.
The reference numerals have the meanings given below: 1. a load transfer mechanism; 2. a piezoelectric drive group; 3. an output shaft chuck; 4. a low-circumference left clamp; 5. a test piece; 6. a low-circumference right clamp; 7. a sensor cartridge; 8. a force sensor; 9. a displacement sensor; 10. a dielectric elastomer; 11. a high-circumference clamp; 12. a base; 13. a rolling bearing mechanism; 121. positioning a first boss; 122. a second positioning boss; 123. positioning the platform; 124. and a third positioning boss.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
The in-situ testing machine provided by the invention can carry out orthogonal loading high-low cycle composite in-situ fatigue test on a flat plate type test piece, and defines the length direction of the test piece as an axial direction (namely the length direction of the testing machine) and the thickness direction (namely the height direction of the testing machine) of the test piece as a vertical direction.
Fig. 1 and 2 show the general structure of the present invention. The load transmission mechanism 1 and the piezoelectric driving group 2 form a low-cycle driving unit to provide low-cycle fatigue load for the test piece 5; the dielectric elastomer 10 is a high-cycle drive unit and provides a high-cycle vibration load for the test piece 5; the output shaft chuck 3, the low-circumference left clamp 4, the low-circumference right clamp 6, the sensor chuck 7, the high-circumference clamp 11, the base 12 and the rolling bearing mechanism 13 jointly form a clamping and positioning system. According to the position shown in the figure, the left side of the test piece 5 is clamped and fixed on the output shaft chuck 3 by the low-circumference left clamp 4 and the high-circumference clamp 11 in a segmented manner (figure 3), the right side of the test piece 5 is fixed on the sensor chuck 7 by the low-circumference left clamp 4, and the base 12 provides positioning and supporting for other modules; the force sensor 8, the displacement sensor 9 and an external computer (not shown in the figure) form a loading control system, and the amplitude and frequency ratio of the composite fatigue load loaded on the test piece in the test process are controlled.
Fig. 4 shows a specific structure of the low-cycle drive unit, one side of which is fixed on the left end face of the base 12 and the other side of which is connected with the output shaft chuck 3; after the low-cycle driving unit is electrified, the parallel piezoelectric driving group 2 generates axial deformation, displacement is amplified and converted into axial driving load through the load transmission mechanism 1 to act on the output shaft chuck 3, the output shaft chuck 3 transmits the driving load to the low-cycle left clamp 4 through a set of rolling bearing mechanism 13, and then the load is transmitted to the test piece 5 through a friction loading mode, so that the application of the axial low-cycle tension-compression fatigue load is realized.
The high-cycle clamp 11 is directly connected with the high-cycle drive unit dielectric elastomer 10, and during testing, the dielectric elastomer 10 generates high-frequency mechanical vibration under the action of electrostatic force after being electrified, and directly acts on the left end of the test piece 5 through the high-cycle clamp 11, so that a vertical high-cycle vibration fatigue load is provided for the test piece 5.
Fig. 5 shows the structure of the base of the present invention. Two ends of the device are fixed ends, threaded holes for connecting the low-cycle driving unit and the force sensor 8 are respectively arranged on the two end faces, and the two threaded holes are coaxial; three positioning bosses with different heights, namely a first positioning boss 121, a second positioning boss 122 and a third positioning boss 124, are axially arranged on the base 12 and are respectively used for supporting the low-cycle driving unit, the output shaft chuck 3 and the sensor chuck 7; the base 12 is vertically provided with a positioning platform 123 for supporting the displacement sensor 9.
In addition, in order to ensure the orthogonal decoupling of the low-cycle tensile and compressive fatigue load and the high-cycle vibration fatigue load, a rolling bearing mechanism 13 is arranged at the joint of the output shaft chuck 3 and the low-cycle left clamp 4, and the axis of the bearing is coaxial with the vibration center of the test piece 5, so that the mutual interference between the high-cycle load and the low-cycle load is eliminated, the path-divided loading of the high-cycle load and the low-cycle load is ensured, and the orthogonal decoupling of the composite fatigue load is realized.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the force sensor 8 is a strain tube type tension and pressure sensor, and the displacement sensor 9 is a laser displacement sensor, but other sensors with similar functions may be used instead. In this embodiment, the test piece 5 is a specially-made flat test piece (fig. 6), and compared with a flat test piece for a standard material test, the middle test section of the test piece 5 is designed to have a certain shrinkage in the thickness direction, and of course, a standard flat test piece or other types of test pieces can also be subjected to an in-situ test by using the principle of the present invention, and only the structure of the fixture needs to be adjusted according to the situation.
The overall size of the tester of the invention is 314mm × 60mm × 120mm, the size of the low-circumference drive unit is 21mm × 22mm × 20mm, and the size of the high-circumference drive unit is 35mm × 35mm × 5 mm.
Portions of the invention not disclosed in detail are well within the skill of the art.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all inventions utilizing the inventive concept are protected.
Claims (7)
1. A small high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine providing orthogonal loading is characterized by comprising a low cycle driving unit, a high cycle driving unit, a clamping and positioning system and a loading control system;
the low-cycle driving unit consists of a four-connecting-rod type load transfer mechanism (1) and a parallel cylindrical piezoelectric driving group (2); when the test device works, the piezoelectric driving group is electrified, an axial driving load generated by the inverse piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric material is amplified by the load transmission mechanism (1) and acts on the output shaft chuck (3), and then is transmitted to the test piece (5) through the low-circumference left clamp (4), so that an axial low-circumference tensile-compression fatigue load is provided for the test piece (5);
the high-cycle driving unit is driven by a dielectric elastomer (10), after electrification, the dielectric elastomer (10) generates high-frequency vibration due to alternating electrostatic force, and the high-frequency vibration is directly transmitted to a clamped part of the test piece (5) through a high-cycle clamp (11) to provide a vertical high-cycle vibration fatigue load for the test piece;
the clamping and positioning system consists of an output shaft chuck (3), a low-circumference left clamp (4), a low-circumference right clamp (6), a sensor chuck (7), a high-circumference clamp (11), a base (12) and a rolling bearing mechanism (13); the left side of the test piece (5) is clamped and fixed on the output shaft chuck (3) in a segmented manner through a low-circumference left clamp (4) and a high-circumference clamp (11), and the right side of the test piece is fixed on the sensor chuck (7) through a low-circumference right clamp (6); the base (12) provides support and positioning for the whole testing machine; the rolling bearing mechanism (13) is arranged at the joint of the output shaft chuck (3) and the low-cycle left clamp (4), the axis of the bearing is coaxial with the vibration center of the test piece (5), and orthogonal decoupling of high-cycle fatigue load and low-cycle fatigue load is ensured;
the loading control system comprises a force sensor (8), a displacement sensor (9) and the like, wherein the force sensor (8) monitors the axial stress condition of the test piece (5), and the displacement sensor (9) monitors the vibration frequency and the vertical displacement of the test piece, so that the loading is stable, and the input voltage and the loading frequency of the driving unit are dynamically adjusted.
2. The compact high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ tester providing orthogonal loading according to claim 1, wherein the low cycle left clamp (4) transfers the load to the test piece (5) by means of friction loading.
3. The small-sized high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine providing orthogonal loading according to claim 1, characterized in that two ends of the base (12) are fixed ends, and two end faces are respectively provided with a threaded hole for connecting the low cycle driving unit and the force sensor (8), and the two threaded holes are coaxial.
4. The small-sized high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ testing machine for providing orthogonal loading according to claim 1, characterized in that the base (12) is provided with three positioning bosses with different heights in the axial direction and a positioning platform in the vertical direction.
5. The compact high-low cycle compound fatigue in-situ tester providing orthogonal loading according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals collected by the sensors (8,9) are transmitted to a computer for analysis, and the adopted adjustment mechanism is an active disturbance rejection control algorithm.
6. The small-sized high-low circumference composite fatigue in-situ testing machine for providing orthogonal loading according to claim 1, wherein the connection part of the low circumference right clamp (6) and the test piece (5) adopts a flexible connection structure.
7. The small-sized high-low cycle composite fatigue in-situ testing machine for providing orthogonal loading according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection parts of the piezoelectric driving group (2) and the dielectric elastomer (10) and other non-electric components are insulated and protected by polyimide film.
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Cited By (1)
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