CN202903624U - Testing device for fatigue mechanical performances of piezoelectric actuation type material - Google Patents
Testing device for fatigue mechanical performances of piezoelectric actuation type material Download PDFInfo
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- CN202903624U CN202903624U CN 201220566370 CN201220566370U CN202903624U CN 202903624 U CN202903624 U CN 202903624U CN 201220566370 CN201220566370 CN 201220566370 CN 201220566370 U CN201220566370 U CN 201220566370U CN 202903624 U CN202903624 U CN 202903624U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a testing device for fatigue mechanical performances of a piezoelectric actuation type material and belongs to the field of precision drive. The testing device comprises a piezoelectric driving unit, a specimen clamping unit, a piezoelectric stack pretightening unit and a signal detection unit. The load/displacement output of a larger stroke can be realized by four groups of piezoelectric stacks which are symmetrically mounted. The device can be used by combining with a mainstream scanning electron microscope which is provided with a vacuum chamber and a Raman spectrometer, an X-ray diffractometer and various optical microscopic imaging systems which are provided with open loading platforms, and carry out constant strain or variant strain fatigue test in a given frequency or a frequency sweep under observation of the observation instruments. The testing device for the fatigue mechanical performances of the piezoelectric actuation type material disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of small volume, compact structure, high test precision, high rigidity, good compatibility, adjustable strain values and testing frequency, and capability of carrying out further study on failure mechanisms and performance evolution laws of various materials under the action of cyclic loads through implementing in-situ fatigue testing for stretching modes of small size specimens.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to accurate driving field, particularly original position micro nanometer mechanics field tests, espespecially a kind of piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device.Can use with main flow microscopic observation equipment (such as scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, the high depth-of-field microscope of 3D and optical microscope etc.) is compatible, carry out the original position testing fatigue of stretching/compressing mode under high driving frequency, provide method of testing for disclosing fatigue damage and the fracture mechanism of material under micro-nano-scale.
Background technology
Material or member are being subjected to repetition or alternate load to do the time spent, although the suffered load amplitude of material or member is much smaller than its tensile strength or yield strength, even less than elastic load, but accumulate through distortion repeatedly, final fracture destroys normally because due to the fatigue load.According to statistics, in the inefficacy case of all kinds of mechanical component, approximately caused by fatigure failure more than 80%.Appearance along with large capacity, high-power, high-speed, high-level efficiency test unit, those conditions of work of bearing reciprocal or shock loads are harsher, the problem of fatigue failure is more outstanding, in the correlative study for the proving installation of torture test and fatigue failure, early stage work mainly concentrates on the macroscopic law aspect of fatigure failure, and to the research of tired microscopic mechanism, owing to being subject to the restriction of research technique, mostly by metaloscope, slippage or the problem such as fracture of material sample surface under alternate load studied.After the 1950's, the appearance of all kinds of electron microscopes and other observation quasi-instruments and constantly perfect has promoted the research of tired microscopic mechanism greatly.The development of dislocation theory then provides theoretical foundation to the microexamination of fatigue crack initiation and expansion.Original position microcosmic fatigue mechanics measuring technology can be summarized as: the technology of measured material microfissure germinating under the fatigue load effect of stretching/compressing or beam mode, expansion, damage failure procedure, performance development rule etc. being carried out dynamic monitoring by Image-forming instruments such as scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, the high depth-of-field microscope of 3D and optical microscopes, under the low-cycle fatigue condition, because plus load exceeds limit of elasticity mostly, therefore, the fatigue lifetime of material is many less than 10
4Inferior, the frequency of the alternate load observation instrument that can suit carries out real-time online observation to the surface that may germinate initial crack; Under the high cycle fatigue condition, add the yield strength that pulsating stress is lower than material, even be lower than limit of elasticity, material is in regime of elastic deformation, and stress-strain relation meets Hooke's law substantially, therefore, observation instrument can't carry out real-time observation to crack initiation and expansion, only suit under the interval of certain cycle period, to suspend the fatigue load effect, thereby realize " accurate original position testing fatigue ".
Traditional torture test is normally carried out at the dissimilar fatigue tester that is comprised of electrohydraulic servo device or stepper motor, such as stretching/compressing torture test, torsional fatigue test, draw and turn round torture test and repeated bend test, wherein repeated bend test can also be divided into plain bending and rotary bending fatigue test two classes.Electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine is the fatigue tester that the most often uses at present, mainly by formations such as hydraulic power unit, various hydraulic valve, power and displacement transducer, operating cylinder, various specimen holder (such as three-point bending, Compression and Expansion etc.) and control softwares.What can reflect the electo hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine technical merit is mainly high-precision force, displacement transducer, control accuracy and range of control, hydraulic pressure components and parts and frequency generator (low-limit frequency 10
-5Hz and more than the highest frequency 1000Hz).Along with limit fatigue lifetime of structural member brings up to 10
9More than inferior, the extra-long fatigue life testing machine is demanded development urgently.In addition, also having the proving installation of the fatigue behaviour under some specific conditions, is to work under the rolling contact conditions as a large class machine parts is arranged in the engineering reality, such as rolling bearing, gear, worm gear, cam, roll etc.Under the circulating contact effect of stress, the surface of these parts is easy to occur the breakoff phenomenon of contact fatigue, such as spot corrosion, peel off etc.
In position observation aspect, be used for the instrument of observation test specimen surface topography than other, it is high that scanning electron microscope has the imaging multiplying power, sweep velocity is fast, be subjected to the depth of field to affect the advantages such as little, and optical microscope is subjected to the impact of its principle, is difficult to obtain the picture rich in detail that the imaging multiplying power surpasses 1000 times, and then there is long problem sweep time in atomic force microscope.But the research and development of the testing fatigue instrument under the scanning electron microscope are faced with problems: (1) is because being vacuum environment in the airtight cavity of scanning electron microscope, need the signal acquisition process unit of proving installation and PC control unit etc. are picked out outside the airtight cavity by the mode in the punching of the sealing baffle place of vacuum cavity, and do strict encapsulation process at the mating interface place, therefore, need to solve the vacuum compatibility issue of proving installation and scanning electron microscope.(2) generally need at least high pressure more than the 10KV because electron gun excites high-power electron beam, so the beam bombardment position is under the high intensity electromagnetic field effect, the emc issue of proving installation and scanning electron microscope also needs solution.(3) vacuum cavity of existing commercialization scanning electron microscope is all limited, and the imaging operating distance is strict, vacuum cavity such as the scanning electron microscope of Hitachi TM-1000 model is the circumference of diameter 140mm, its imaging operating distance scope is 1.5mm to 3.5mm, the scanning electron microscope of larger cavity, be of a size of the circumference of diameter 360mm such as the vacuum cavity of Zeiss Evo 18 type scanning electron microscope, its maximum functional distance is 15mm, therefore, the structure compatible of proving installation and scanning electron microscope also needs to solve.
At present, for the above three-dimensional macro test specimen of characteristic dimension grade, most of fatigue of materials Mechanics Performance Testing devices all rely on electro-hydraulic servo or motor is realized drive load, and there are the problems such as the large or response frequency of structure is not enough, as realize the fatigue test device of drive load with motor, because of machinery inertial and the impact of its driving-chain in commutation process, be difficult to realize high-frequency test.Testing fatigue for microscale members such as nanotube and membraneous materials, often need to carry out the material preparation in conjunction with chemical treatment methods such as mask, burn into depositions by MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) technique, complex process, and the problem that has effect, there is totally different difference in the macroscopic material of test result and engineering reality, therefore, design a kind of volume small and exquisite, measuring accuracy is high, fast response time, and can be compatible with the multiple Image-forming instrument implementation structure such as scanning electron microscope, vacuum is compatible and the fatigue test device of electromagnetic compatibility is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device, has solved the problems referred to above that prior art exists.It has that volume is small and exquisite, compact conformation, measuring accuracy is high and the rigidity high, compare existing electro-hydraulic servo or motor driving type fatigue test device, the utility model utilizes the piezoelectric stack of four groups of symmetrical expressions installations to realize the load of larger stroke/displacement output, can carry out quantitative measurement to the fatigue limit of measured material, endurance limit, S-N curve, magnetic hysteresis loop etc., the utility model is comprised of piezo-electric drive units, test specimen grip unit, piezoelectric stack preload unit and detecting signal unit.The utility model is by embedding feedforward feedback integrated control method in the strain control, but the elevator system response speed improves control accuracy, and realizes the collaborative work of piezo-electric drive units and detecting signal unit.On this basis, general structure based on its miniaturization, this device can be combined with the main flow scanning electron microscope with vacuum cavity and Raman spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and all kinds of optical microphotograph imaging system with open article carrying platform, carry out the constant strain under given constant frequency or the frequency sweep or become the strain fatigue test, also can carry out online observation to the fatigue crack initiation and propagation phenomenon, for disclose material under microscale the fatigue mechanics performance and the correlativity of deformation damage method of testing is provided.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device, comprise piezo-electric drive units, the test specimen grip unit, piezoelectric stack preload unit and detecting signal unit, wherein, piezoelectric stack 2 in the piezo-electric drive units remains that with arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 in the piezoelectric stack preload unit face contacts, the radial pull pressure sensor 3 that clamp body 4 in the test specimen grip unit is threaded connection in mode and the detecting signal unit keeps being rigidly connected, and the linear potentiometer in the detecting unit 13 and radial pull pressure sensor 3 all with piezo-electric drive units in framework 14 also be threaded connection mode and keep being rigidly connected;
Described piezo-electric drive units comprises four groups of coplanar and Parallel Symmetric is installed piezoelectric stack 2, framework 14 and arc transitional type flexible hinges 1, wherein four groups of piezoelectric stack 2 parallel connections are arranged, and the simultaneously synchronous response displacement of output under the constant amplitude equifrequency voltage signal of Piezoelectric Driving power supply drives, four groups of arc transitional type flexible hinges 1 are integrated in fact with framework 14, and framework 14 is rigidly connected by framework trip bolt 17 and fixed pedestal 10;
Described test specimen grip unit comprises clamp body 4, test specimen clamping screw 5, pressing plate 6 and test specimen 15, wherein clamp body 4 and pressing plate 6 are realized spacing to the centering of wide test specimen 15 by wide boss and groove structure, described boss and groove have intensive broached-tooth design, can improve the stability of test specimen 15 clampings, test specimen clamping screw 5 is used for being fastened on pressing plate 6 on the clamp body 4 and reliable holding force being provided;
Described piezoelectric stack preload unit comprises arc sliding voussoir I 7, fixedly voussoir 8, voussoir pretension screw 9, arc sliding voussoir II 11 reach fixedly voussoir trip bolt 16, wherein fixedly voussoir 8 is rigidly connected by fixing voussoir trip bolt 16 and fixed pedestal 10, pretightning force is provided by voussoir pretension screw 9, and voussoir pretension screw 9 can move along test specimen 15 stretching/compressing directions and realizes piezoelectric stack 2 is carried out forward pretension and reverse self-locking;
Described detecting signal unit comprises radial pull pressure sensor 3, potentiometer gib screw 12 and linear potentiometer 13, wherein radial pull pressure sensor 3 is rigidly connected with clamp body 4 and framework 14 respectively by the external thread connected mode, the fixing base part of linear potentiometer 13 is fastenedly connected by potentiometer gib screw 12 and framework 14, and whole heavy investing in the groove of framework 14 bottoms, anterior back springing type push rod and clamp body 4 bottoms keep Elastic Contact.
Described four groups of arc transitional type flexible hinges 1 adopt the interior envelope topological structure of parallelogram to arrange, every group of flexible hinge is composed in series by the lonely shape Flexible element of level Four, every two-stage Flexible element axis is orthogonal, and its angular deformation elasticity output can be testing fatigue provides accurate line strain; Four groups of piezoelectric stack 2 coplanar arranging, its space topological structure is parallel, under identical voltage signal driver, coaxial two groups of piezoelectric stacks 2 are exported coaxial variables to motion each other, and the sync response deflection of output is consistent.
Described piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device size of main body is about 105mm * 92mm * 28mm, can be installed on the article carrying platform of main flow scanning electron microscope by one group of threaded hole on its fixed pedestal 10, because of test specimen 15 and radial pull pressure sensor 3, linear potentiometer 13 devices such as electromagnetic susceptibility such as grade have certain space length, therefore described proving installation can be realized the structure compatible with scanning electron microscope, vacuum compatibility and Electro Magnetic Compatibility, proving installation can also be at other imaging devices with open loading structure (such as optical microscope simultaneously, laser confocal microscope etc.) carry out corresponding testing fatigue under the observation.
Described arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 be symmetry arrangement in twos spatially, and with the fixing surface of contact of voussoir trip bolt 16 be arc-shaped curved surface, the planar ends of arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 contacts with piezoelectric stack 2 maintenance faces, contacts with fixing voussoir trip bolt 16 retention wires; Fixedly voussoir trip bolt 16 has 13.5 ° wedge shape inclination angle, can realize auto-lock function, and maximum pretightning force can arrive 325.6N.
Width be set be 3mm on the described clamp body 4, highly for 0.5mm and with the laciniation that goes out by the line cutting processing, width be set equally be 3mm, the degree of depth on the pressing plate 6 and be 0.5mm and with the laciniation that goes out by electrosparking, the degree of depth of the bare terminal end of test specimen 15 also is 3mm, can guarantee the centering of test specimen 15 in the stretching/compressing mode testing fatigue of different-thickness by this wide restriction mode.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: compare with current material fatigue property test device, the utility model volume is more small and exquisite, size of main body only is 105mm * 92mm * 28mm, displacement loads resolution can be low to moderate 200nm, alternate load frequency adjustable extent is large, on the vacuum cavity article carrying platform that is installed on various main flow electron microscopes, try out the trans-scale in-situ testing fatigue with characteristic dimension grade test specimen, in addition, the utility model is by embedding the feedforward feedback integrated control method in the strain control, but elevator system response speed, improve control accuracy, and the collaborative work of realization piezo-electric drive units and displacement detecting unit, by the test frequency of upper computer software, the setting parameters such as amplitude.But the inherent features such as magnetic hysteresis loop under the different cycle specificities of automatic acquisition test specimen.In sum, the utility model is to enriching original position micro nanometer mechanics content measurement and promoting material mechanical performance measuring technology and equipment to have important theory significance and good application and development future.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present utility model, consists of the application's a part, and illustrative example of the present utility model and explanation thereof are used for explaining the utility model, do not consist of improper restriction of the present utility model.
Fig. 1 is overall appearance structural representation of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is that master of the present utility model looks schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is schematic top plan view of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is the fundamental diagram of piezoelectric stack preload unit of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 is the fundamental diagram of flexible hinge of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 is the work schematic diagram of test specimen grip unit of the present utility model.
Among the figure: 1. arc transitional type flexible hinge, 2. piezoelectric stack, 3. radial pull pressure sensor, 4. clamp body, 5. test specimen clamping screw, 6. pressing plate, 7. arc sliding voussoir I, 8. fixedly voussoir, 9. voussoir pretension screw, 10. fixedly voussoir trip bolt, 17. framework gib screws of fixed pedestal, 11. arc sliding voussoir II, 12. potentiometer gib screws, 13. linear potentiometers, 14. frameworks, 15. test specimens, 16..
Embodiment
Further specify detailed content of the present utility model and embodiment thereof below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device of the present utility model comprises piezo-electric drive units, the test specimen grip unit, piezoelectric stack preload unit and detecting signal unit, wherein, piezoelectric stack 2 in the piezo-electric drive units remains that with arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 in the piezoelectric stack preload unit face contacts, the radial pull pressure sensor 3 that clamp body 4 in the test specimen grip unit is threaded connection in mode and the detecting signal unit keeps being rigidly connected, and the linear potentiometer in the detecting unit 13 and radial pull pressure sensor 3 all with piezo-electric drive units in framework 14 also be threaded connection mode and keep being rigidly connected.
Described piezo-electric drive units comprises four groups of coplanar and Parallel Symmetric is installed piezoelectric stack 2, framework 14 and arc transitional type flexible hinges 1, wherein four groups of piezoelectric stack 2 parallel connections are arranged, and the simultaneously synchronous response displacement of output under the constant amplitude equifrequency voltage signal of Piezoelectric Driving power supply drives, four groups of arc transitional type flexible hinges 1 are integrated in fact with framework 14, and framework 14 is rigidly connected by framework trip bolt 17 and fixed pedestal 10;
Described test specimen grip unit comprises clamp body 4, test specimen clamping screw 5, pressing plate 6 and test specimen 15, wherein clamp body 4 and pressing plate 6 are realized spacing to the centering of wide test specimen 15 by wide boss and groove structure, described boss and groove have intensive broached-tooth design, can improve the stability of test specimen 15 clampings, test specimen clamping screw 5 is used for being fastened on pressing plate 6 on the clamp body 4 and reliable holding force being provided;
Described piezoelectric stack preload unit comprises arc sliding voussoir I 7, fixedly voussoir 8, voussoir pretension screw 9, arc sliding voussoir II 11 reach fixedly voussoir trip bolt 16, wherein fixedly voussoir 8 is rigidly connected by fixing voussoir trip bolt 16 and fixed pedestal 10, pretightning force is provided by voussoir pretension screw 9, and voussoir pretension screw 9 can move along test specimen 15 stretching/compressing directions and realizes piezoelectric stack 2 is carried out forward pretension and reverse self-locking;
Described detecting signal unit comprises radial pull pressure sensor 3, potentiometer gib screw 12 and linear potentiometer 13, wherein radial pull pressure sensor 3 is rigidly connected with clamp body 4 and framework 14 respectively by the external thread connected mode, the fixing base part of linear potentiometer 13 is fastenedly connected by potentiometer gib screw 12 and framework 14, and whole heavy investing in the groove of framework 14 bottoms, anterior back springing type push rod and clamp body 4 bottoms keep Elastic Contact.
Described four groups of arc transitional type flexible hinges 1 adopt the interior envelope topological structure of parallelogram to arrange, every group of flexible hinge is composed in series by the lonely shape Flexible element of level Four, every two-stage Flexible element axis is orthogonal, and its angular deformation elasticity output can be testing fatigue provides accurate line strain; Four groups of piezoelectric stack 2 coplanar arranging, its space topological structure is parallel, under identical voltage signal driver, coaxial two groups of piezoelectric stacks 2 are exported coaxial variables to motion each other, and the sync response deflection of output is consistent.
The size of main body of described piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device is about 105mm * 92mm * 28mm, can be installed on the article carrying platform of main flow scanning electron microscope by one group of threaded hole on its fixed pedestal 10, because of test specimen 15 and radial pull pressure sensor 3, linear potentiometer 13 devices such as electromagnetic susceptibility such as grade have certain space length, therefore described proving installation can be realized the structure compatible with scanning electron microscope, vacuum compatibility and Electro Magnetic Compatibility, proving installation can also be at other imaging devices with open loading structure (such as optical microscope simultaneously, laser confocal microscope etc.) carry out corresponding testing fatigue under the observation.
Described arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 be symmetry arrangement in twos spatially, and with the fixing surface of contact of voussoir trip bolt 16 be arc-shaped curved surface, the planar ends of arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 contacts with piezoelectric stack 2 maintenance faces, contacts with fixing voussoir trip bolt 16 retention wires; Fixedly voussoir trip bolt 16 has 13.5 ° wedge shape inclination angle, can realize auto-lock function, and maximum pretightning force can arrive 325.6N.
Width be set be 3mm on the described clamp body 4, highly for 0.5mm and with the laciniation that goes out by the line cutting processing, width be set equally be 3mm, the degree of depth on the pressing plate 6 and be 0.5mm and with the laciniation that goes out by electrosparking, the degree of depth of the bare terminal end of test specimen 15 also is 3mm, can guarantee the centering of test specimen 15 in the stretching/compressing mode testing fatigue of different-thickness by this wide restriction mode.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, the overall dimensions of the little fatigue device main part of the piezoelectric actuated type of symmetrical expression that the utility model is related is 105mm * 92mm * 28mm, has good structure compatible with the Hitachi TM-1000 type scanning electron microscope that vacuum cavity is less in the present main flow commercialization scanning electron microscope, vacuum compatibility and Electro Magnetic Compatibility, also can guarantee and have compatible use of scanning electron microscope of large scale vacuum cavity more, can be combined with the observation instrument that other classes have an open loading form simultaneously, the concrete model of purchasing part that relates in the utility model can be: piezoelectric stack 2 models are XMT PST-150, linear potentiometer 13 models are Sakae 13FLP25A-5K, radial pull pressure sensor 3 models are JLBM-3.Framework 14, arc sliding voussoir I 7, fixedly voussoir 8 all adopts the line cutting processing, adopts the electric spark mode to process laciniation at the test specimen bare terminal end of framework 14, and fixed pedestal 10 adopts finish-millings processing, and does the grinding planarization at locating surface.
Control for piezoelectric stack in the utility model 2, the components and parts and the instrument that relate to have: data collecting card, processor, the proportional integral algorithm, power amplifier, interface circuit, can obtain accordingly piezoelectric stack voltage/displacement data relation consists of, and with this basis as strain control method in the testing fatigue, on this basis, by the piezoelectric stack element being carried out the power circuit design and trial-production of steady stimulation, the tracking of voltage waveform and frequency, feedback and compensation, and to the waveform of voltage signal, energisation mode, the sequential control of piezoelectric element excitation, phase place and frequency etc. can effectively solve piezoelectric stack sluggishness and creep problem to the experimental study of machine assembly impact.Control method to piezoelectric stack 2 is the feedforward feedback integrated control method, and effectively the elevator system response speed improves control accuracy.Meanwhile, considering that piezoelectric stack 2 needs transfer in suitable pretightning force effect can produce stable deflection and load output, and because under the high-frequency excitation signal effect, piezoelectric stack 2 can produce loosening even form the gap with link, cause transmission failure, compare with the wedge shape firmly beforehand means of transmission, adopt the line of cambered surface plane form to contact the reliability that firmly beforehand means can further increase pretension, and because line contact firmly beforehand means can effectively reduce frictional resistance with respect to the face firmly beforehand means, therefore, this firmly beforehand means has improved pretightning force fan-out capability and pretension efficient.In the specific design, fixedly to have key groove be α to voussoir 8, and arc sliding voussoir I 7, arc sliding voussoir II 11 and the friction factor that fixedly line contacts between the voussoir 8 are μ.As shown in Figure 4, voussoir pretension screw 9 is to arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 pretightning forces
F s , promote arc sliding voussoir I 7 and arc sliding voussoir II 11 along coaxial variable to moving, realize the pretension to piezoelectric stack 2, the pretightning force size is
F c ,
The pass that the arrangement above-mentioned relation obtains mechanism's power output and pretightning force is:
F c ?=?
F s （cosα-μsinα）/（sinα+μcosα）
Have this can be extremely, when α＜arctan μ, wedge has auto-lock function, and further, by optimal design, fixedly voussoir 8 has 13.5 ° wedge shape inclination angle, can realize auto-lock function, and maximum pretightning force can arrive 325.6N.
Piezoelectric stack voltage/obtaining of displacement data relation is that (the measurement stroke is 1mm by utilizing LK-G100 type laser micrometer under the Pre strained state, resolution is 0.01 μ m) output displacement of the test specimen retained part of framework 14 is realized when detecting different constant input, because steady electric field is made time spent piezoelectric crystal electricity and is raised slow arrangement, piezoelectric stack 2 can show creep, be in voltage-drop loading and the uninstall process, under the same voltage, the deflection of piezoelectric stack 2 is also inconsistent, but see on the general trend, its distortion/voltage curve keeps the substantially linear rule in the omnidistance meeting of voltage-drop loading unloading.Under Pre strained state, during given crest voltage 150V, the displacement output valve of the test specimen retained part of framework 14 is 28 μ m, when single step voltage is 0.5V, the actual elongation of piezoelectric stack is about 0.056 μ m, realizes the testing fatigue of single-axis bidirectionals because the utility model adopts the piezoelectric stack 2 of four groups of symmetry arrangement, considers simultaneously that given single step magnitude of voltage can stablize and below the 0.5V under more satisfactory condition, therefore, loading resolution of the present utility model is better than 0.11 μ m.In voltage-drop loading and the uninstall process, the maximum difference of output displacement is 2.6 μ m, and therefore amount of hysteresis of the present utility model is 0.0928.Accordingly, can make up piezoelectric stack voltage-displacement data pass is that feedforward control provides data model.In addition, the flexible hinge that adopts in the utility model has compact conformation, machinery-free friction, noiseless, nothing assembling error, gapless, steady, the various advantages such as resolution is high, zero sluggishness that need not to lubricate, move for just justifying flexible hinge, and has preferably anti-fatigue performance.The utility model selects modified 65Mn behind HB220 ~ 240 as the rapidoprint of arc transition flexible hinge 1 and framework 14.The control method that adopts in the utility model is the feedforward feedback integrated control method, be used for weakening intrinsic sluggishness and the caused systematic error of creep properties of piezoelectric stack 2, it is that feedforward control provides data model that piezoelectric stack voltage-displacement data closes, ratio, the integration control model of feedback for optimizing.
Specific works process of the present utility model is as follows:
The utility model is in concrete test process, at first, test specimen 15 is before carrying out testing fatigue and in-situ observation, for metal material or alloy material, need to adopt wire-electrode cutting and processing method to manufacture experimently out the test specimen 15 with stress weakness zone or prefabricated breach, namely guarantee its physical dimension, for nonmetallic materials, also need to guarantee by methods such as cuies the size of test specimen 15, in case of necessity, adopt the methods such as electropolishing, mechanical buffing that test specimen 15 is carried out planarization, to obtain the surface topography of the better smooth finish that in-situ observation needs.Test specimen 15 is installed on the serrate boss of the test specimen bare terminal end of framework 14 and clamp body 4, utilize afterwards test specimen clamping screw 5 that pressing plate 6 is fixing, the thickness of the width of the recess width of pressing plate 6 bottoms and the serrate boss on clamp body 4 tops and the bare terminal end of test specimen 15 is all consistent, guarantee the centering requirement of test specimen 15 with this, further, the position by adjusting anchor clamps and utilize level meter and the detection of clock gauge guarantees coplanarity and accurate location in the test specimen test process.Linear potentiometer 14 is for detection of the deflection between the test specimen bare terminal end of clamp body 4 and framework 14, this displacement signal is simulating signal, and by amplifying, filtering, noise reduction and analog to digital conversion, compare with given reference digital signal in host computer (PC) software, the foundation of given signal is aforementioned piezoelectric stack 2 output voltage displacement relations, comparison signal is adjusted by pid parameter and is obtained voltage signal for compensation piezoelectric stack 2 deflections, final control system realizes the accurate control to piezoelectric stack 2 output displacements. to the Motion Resolution rate, thereby realize the surperficial turning of micro/nano level, can realize the elaborate servo control of cutting-in.Meanwhile, radial pull pressure sensor 3 is connected by engage thread with framework 14 and clamp body 4 respectively, and its stand under load direction is identical with the direction of test specimen 15 Tensiles/compression alternate load.In position in the test process, determine observation instrument (such as scanning electron microscope) to test specimen 15 weakness zones draft observation station after, adopt strain control method, strain value and test frequency by the given initial testing of upper computer software, the amplitude and the frequency that namely are applied to the alternating voltage signal on the piezoelectric stack 2 by setting realize this function, finish certain circulating cycle number (such as 10
2) after, can stop the motion of piezoelectric stack 2, and carry out the observation of crack initiation (or expansion) phenomenon to drafting observation station by scanning electron microscope, namely realize this in-situ test pattern by the quasi-continuous observed pattern with specific interval time, this pattern can record the feature image of test specimen 15 simultaneously, but in conjunction with the host computer debugging software also Real-time Obtaining characterize S-N curve, endurance limit, the ess-strain magnetic hysteresis loop mechanical characteristic of measured material mechanical property.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present utility model only, is not limited to the utility model, and for a person skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and variations.All within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device, it is characterized in that: comprise piezo-electric drive units, the test specimen grip unit, piezoelectric stack preload unit and detecting signal unit, wherein, piezoelectric stack in the piezo-electric drive units (2) contacts with arc sliding voussoir I (7) and arc sliding voussoir II (11) face of remaining in the piezoelectric stack preload unit, the radial pull pressure sensor (3) that clamp body in the test specimen grip unit (4) is threaded connection in mode and the detecting signal unit keeps being rigidly connected, and the linear potentiometer in the detecting unit (13) and radial pull pressure sensor (3) all with piezo-electric drive units in framework (14) also be threaded connection mode and keep being rigidly connected;
Described piezo-electric drive units comprises four groups of coplanar and Parallel Symmetric is installed piezoelectric stack (2), framework (14) and arc transitional type flexible hinges (1), wherein four groups of piezoelectric stacks (2) parallel connection is arranged, and the simultaneously synchronous response displacement of output under the constant amplitude equifrequency voltage signal of Piezoelectric Driving power supply drives, four groups of arc transitional type flexible hinges (1) are integrated with framework (14) is real, and framework (14) is rigidly connected by framework trip bolt (17) and fixed pedestal (10);
Described test specimen grip unit comprises clamp body (4), test specimen clamping screw (5), pressing plate (6) and test specimen (15), wherein clamp body (4) and pressing plate (6) are realized spacing to the centering of wide test specimen (15) by wide boss and groove structure, described boss and groove have intensive broached-tooth design, can improve the stability of test specimen (15) clamping, test specimen clamping screw (5) is used for pressing plate (6) is fastened on clamp body (4) upward and reliable holding force is provided;
Described piezoelectric stack preload unit comprises arc sliding voussoir I (7), fixedly voussoir (8), voussoir pretension screw (9), arc sliding voussoir II (11) reach fixedly voussoir trip bolt (16), wherein fixedly voussoir (8) is rigidly connected by fixing voussoir trip bolt (16) and fixed pedestal (10), pretightning force is provided by voussoir pretension screw (9), and voussoir pretension screw (9) can move along test specimen (15) stretching/compressing direction and realizes piezoelectric stack (2) is carried out forward pretension and reverse self-locking;
Described detecting signal unit comprises radial pull pressure sensor (3), potentiometer gib screw (12) and linear potentiometer (13), wherein radial pull pressure sensor (3) is rigidly connected with clamp body (4) and framework (14) respectively, the fixing base of linear potentiometer (13) partly is fastenedly connected by potentiometer gib screw (12) and framework (14), and whole sinking invests in the groove of framework (14) bottom anterior back springing type push rod and clamp body (4) bottom maintenance Elastic Contact.
2. piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described four groups of arc transitional type flexible hinges (1) adopt the interior envelope topological structure of parallelogram to arrange, every group of flexible hinge is composed in series by the lonely shape Flexible element of level Four, every two-stage Flexible element axis is orthogonal, and its angular deformation elasticity output can be testing fatigue provides accurate line strain; Coplanar the arranging of four groups of piezoelectric stacks (2), its space topological structure is parallel, under identical voltage signal driver, coaxial two groups of piezoelectric stacks (2) are exported coaxial variable to motion each other, and the sync response deflection of output is consistent.
3. piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device size of main body is 105mm * 92mm * 28mm, can be installed on the article carrying platform of main flow scanning electron microscope by one group of threaded hole on its fixed pedestal (10).
4. piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described arc sliding voussoir I (7) and arc sliding voussoir II (11) be symmetry arrangement in twos spatially, and with the fixing surface of contact of voussoir trip bolt (16) be arc-shaped curved surface, the planar ends of arc sliding voussoir I (7) and arc sliding voussoir II (11) contacts with piezoelectric stack (2) maintenance face, contacts with fixing voussoir trip bolt (16) retention wire; Fixedly voussoir trip bolt (16) has 13.5 ° wedge shape inclination angle, can realize auto-lock function, and maximum pretightning force can arrive 325.6N.
5. piezoelectric actuated shaped material fatigue mechanics performance testing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is 3mm that width is set on the described clamp body (4), highly be 0.5mm, and with the laciniation that goes out by the line cutting processing, it is 3mm that width is set on the pressing plate (6) equally, the degree of depth is 0.5mm, and with the laciniation that goes out by electrosparking, the degree of depth of the bare terminal end of test specimen (15) also is 3mm, can guarantee the centering of test specimen (15) in the stretching/compressing mode testing fatigue of different-thickness by this wide restriction mode.
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