CN1997703B - 抗刮伤的聚烯烃 - Google Patents
抗刮伤的聚烯烃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1997703B CN1997703B CN2005800230623A CN200580023062A CN1997703B CN 1997703 B CN1997703 B CN 1997703B CN 2005800230623 A CN2005800230623 A CN 2005800230623A CN 200580023062 A CN200580023062 A CN 200580023062A CN 1997703 B CN1997703 B CN 1997703B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alpha
- olefin
- butyl
- maleinization
- phenyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VMRGZRVLZQSNHC-ZCXUNETKSA-N n-[(z)-octadec-9-enyl]hexadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC VMRGZRVLZQSNHC-ZCXUNETKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940113162 oleylamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005466 alkylenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O UAUDZVJPLUQNMU-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ORAWFNKFUWGRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Docosanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O ORAWFNKFUWGRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2H-benzotriazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2NN=NC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKGXIVRSAKPDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)C=C(Cl)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 DKGXIVRSAKPDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NJCDRURWJZAMBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1h-1,3,5-triazin-2-one Chemical compound OC1=NC=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 NJCDRURWJZAMBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 9
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- FUSNPOOETKRESL-ZPHPHTNESA-N (z)-n-octadecyldocos-13-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FUSNPOOETKRESL-ZPHPHTNESA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 26
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 22
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- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 11
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- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- DMVOXQPQNTYEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DMVOXQPQNTYEKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- PMNGNPRHPYYVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxyundecane-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCO)S(O)(=O)=O PMNGNPRHPYYVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/14—Esterification
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/48—Isomerisation; Cyclisation
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- C08L23/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
- C08L23/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having ten or more carbon atoms
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
Abstract
在聚烯烃基材,例如聚丙烯、聚乙烯或热塑性烯烃模塑件中加入用长链醇或长链胺官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃和伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺并用添加剂使它们具有抗刮伤性。这些聚烯烃具有良好的耐气候性、抗刮伤性、良好的加工性、良好的机械强度、良好的保光性、还没有粘性。该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃例如是马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃与牛脂脂肪醇的酯或半酯。该脂肪酸酰胺例如是油基棕榈酸酰胺或硬脂基芥酸酰胺。
Description
本发明的目的是抗刮伤(scratch resistant)聚烯烃组合物。本发明的另一个目的是往聚烯烃组合物中加入某些抗刮伤添加剂时,使其聚烯烃组合物具有抗刮伤性。这种聚烯烃组合物例如是热塑性烯烃(TPO)模塑件。该模塑件例如在汽车应用中是有用的。
US6048942公开了热塑性烯烃组合物,它含有选自聚硅氧烷、硬脂酸金属盐、饱和脂肪酸酰胺和未饱和脂肪酸酰胺抗擦伤性添加剂。
JP-A-2002338778教导含有脂肪酸酰胺的接枝共聚物组合物。
US5731376公开了通过包含聚有机硅氧烷而改进抗刮伤性的聚丙烯嵌段共聚物。该组合物还可以含有脂肪酸酰胺。
US5585420教导了抗刮伤聚烯烃组合物,它含有板状无机填充剂。该组合物还可以含有高橡胶乙烯-丙烯共聚物、脂肪酸酰胺、聚有机硅氧烷或环氧树脂。
JP-A-2002003692公开了含有脂肪酸酰胺的聚丙烯树脂。
JP-A-62072739的目的是由特定聚烯烃与橡胶性物质和特定量的特定粒度云母配混制得的汽车部件模压制品。这种聚烯烃是由某些聚丙烯和用不饱和羧酸(酸酐),例如马来酸酐改性的聚烯烃组成的。
JP-A-63017947的目的是抗刮伤的丙烯聚合物组合物。
JP-A-2001261902的目的是聚丙烯树脂组合物,它们用作制备内部装饰的模塑材料。
US公开申请号2003/0004245教导聚烯烃与聚烯烃和α、β不饱和羧酸酯、酸或酸酐的反应产物的共混料。
在2004年的CPChem Specialty Chemicals数据卡片中描述了聚酸酐树脂。
令人惊奇地,曾发现在聚烯烃基材中加入用长链醇或长链胺官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃与伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺添加剂组合时,使聚烯烃基材变得具有抗刮伤性。
本发明涉及组合物,它含有:
a)聚烯烃,
b)用长链醇或长链胺官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃,以及
c)伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺。
还公开了一种使聚烯烃基材具有抗刮伤性的方法,该方法包括往所述的聚烯烃里加入有效量的(b)用长链醇或长链胺官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃和(c)伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺。
聚烯烃实例是:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯、聚乙烯(它任选地可以是交联的),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度和高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度和超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。
聚烯烃,即在前段例举的单烯烃聚合物,例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯,可以采用不同的方法,特别采用下述方法制备得到:
i)自由基聚合法(通常在高压与高温下)。
ii)使用催化剂的催化聚合法,该催化剂通常含有一种或一种以上的周期表第IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族的金属。这些金属一般有一个或一个以上的配位体,典型地氧化物、卤化物、醇化物、酯、醚、胺、烷基、烯基和/或芳基,它们可以是p-或s-配位的。这些金属配合物可以是自由形态的或固定在基材上的,典型地固定在活化氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或二氧化硅上。这些催化剂可以是溶于或不溶于聚合介质中的。这些催化剂本身可以用于该聚合反应中或可以使用另外的活化剂,典型地金属烷基、金属氢化物、金属烷基卤化物、金属烷基氧化物或金属烷基氧丙环,所述的金属是周期表第Ia、IIa和/或IIIa族的元素。可以方便地还使用酯、醚、胺或甲硅烷基醚基团使这些活化剂改性。这些催化剂系统通常称之Phillips、Standard Oil Indiana、Ziegler(-Natta)、TNZ(DuPont)、金属茂或单位点催化剂(SSC)。
2.在1.)提到的聚合物混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯、聚丙烯与聚乙烯(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)的混合物,不同类聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃和二烯烃彼此或与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物、丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、丙烯/异丁烯共聚物、乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物、乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯/庚烯共聚物、乙烯/辛烯共聚物、丙烯/丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯/-烷基丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯/烷基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯乙酸酯共聚物以及它们与一氧化碳的共聚物,或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离子键聚合物),以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯的三元共聚物,例如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基-降冰片烯;这样的共聚物彼此以及与在前面1)提到聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙烯乙酸酯共聚物(EVA)、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、LLDPE/EVA、LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其它聚合物的混合物,例如聚酰胺。
4.在前面1)提到聚合物与冲击性改善剂的共混料,例如乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体共聚物(EPDM)、乙烯与更高α-烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯-辛烯共聚物)、聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯共聚物。这些共混料在工业上通常称之TPO(热塑性聚烯烃)。
本发明的聚烯烃是例如聚丙烯或聚乙烯,其中包括聚丙烯均-和共聚物、聚乙烯均-和共聚物。例如聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和聚丙烯无规和冲击性(多相)共聚物。本发明的优选聚烯烃包括聚丙烯均聚物、聚丙烯冲击性(多相)共聚物及其共混料,TPO,例如聚丙烯均聚物和冲击性共聚物与EPDM或乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物的共混料。
本发明的聚烯烃特别地是TPO。TPO例如是约10至约90重量份丙烯均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物,和约90至约10重量份乙烯和C3-C8α-烯烃的弹体共聚物。例如在US6048942中公开了TPO。
马来酸化α-烯烃例如是如US申请2003/0004245中所公开的。该马来酸化α-烯烃例如是α-烯烃与马来酸酐或马来酸的反应产物。该反应是采用本技术领域中已知的方式进行的。例如,可以采用在自由基引发剂存在下的熔体法进行这个反应。这些自由基引发剂例如是过氧化物或有机偶氮化合物。
例如,该马来酸化α-烯烃的α-烯烃是从C3直到约C33,例如该α-烯烃是C18-C26α-烯烃,例如C22-C26或C18α-烯烃。
该马来酸化α-烯烃是用长链醇或长链胺官能化的。即该马来酸化α-烯烃与长链醇或长链胺进行反应,生成酯或酰胺或酰亚胺产物。
例如,该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是由与长链醇反应得到的酯或半酯产物,或是由与长链伯或仲胺反应得到的酰胺或酰亚胺产物。通过加热该半酰胺可以制备酰亚胺。该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃可以是酯和酰胺的混合物。
在适当的溶剂中,在没有从该反应混合物中被除去水的这样的条件下,把醇滴加到搅拌的酸催化的马来酸化α-烯烃溶液中可以生成半酯衍生物。适当的溶剂例如是甲基异丁基酮。合适的酸催化剂包括硫酸、甲烷磺酸和p-甲苯磺酸。使用过量的醇,并除去驱动该反应向完全酯化进行的水,可以制备二酯。
例如,官能化马来酸化α-烯烃是下式的酯或半酯:
式中:
R是C16-C24烷基,
R1和R2独自是氢、C1-C22烷基或C2-C22烯基,其中R1和R2中至少一个是C12-C22烷基或烯基,以及
n是使平均分子量为约20000至约50000的整数。
例如,该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是下式的伯或仲酰胺:
式中:
R是C16-C24烷基,
R1、R2、R3和R4独自是氢或C1-C22烷基或C2-C22烯基,其中R1、R2、R3和R4中至少一个是C12-C22烷基或烯基,以及
n是使平均分子量为约20000至约50000的整数。
例如,该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是下式酰亚胺:
式中:
R是C16-C24烷基,
R1是C12-C22烷基或烯基,以及
n是使平均分子量为约20000至约50000的整数。
例如R是C16烷基或是C20-24烷基。
例如,该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃与牛脂脂肪醇、蓖麻油醇[CAS#540-11-4]或油醇的半酯或酯。即马来酸化α-烯烃与长链醇的半酯或酯反应产物。
例如,该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃与油酰胺、芥酸酰胺(erucamide)、硬脂酰胺、山萮酸酰胺、油基棕榈酸酰胺、硬脂基芥酸酰胺、乙烯-双-硬脂酰胺或乙烯-双-油酰胺的酰胺,或是马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃与油酰胺、芥酸酰胺、硬脂酰胺或山萮酸酰胺的酰亚胺。即马来酸化α-烯烃与长链胺的酰胺或酰亚胺反应产物。
伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺的脂肪基团是C11-C21烷基或C11-C21烯基。该仲脂肪酸酰胺不是双酰胺,即亚甲基-双或乙烯-双酰胺。
该伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺例如是至少一种选自油酰胺、芥酸酰胺、硬脂酰胺、山萮酸酰胺、油基棕榈酸酰胺和硬脂基芥酸酰胺的化合物。
特别地,该脂肪酸酰胺是仲脂肪酸酰胺,例如硬脂基芥酸酰胺或油基棕榈酸酰胺。
合适的脂肪酸酰胺例如是在US6228915中公开的。
烷基是直链或支链的,例如是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、n-丁基、仲-丁基、异丁基、叔-丁基,2-乙基丁基、n-戊基、异戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、n-己基、1-甲基己基、n-庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、n-辛基、2-乙基己基、1,1,3-三甲基己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、1-甲基十一烷基、十二烷基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、三癸基、四癸基、五癸基、六癸基、七癸基、八癸基、二十烷基(icosyl)或二十二烷基(docosyl)。
有2-22个碳原子的烯基是支链或非支链基,例如像乙烯基、丙烯基(烯丙基)、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、n-2,4-戊二烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、n-2-辛烯基、n-2-十二烯基、异-十二烯基、油基、n-2-十八烯基或n-4-十八烯基。
该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃添加剂[组分(b)]与伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺添加剂[组分(c)]的重量∶重量比例如是约1∶1至约20∶1,例如约1∶1至约15∶1,约1∶1至约10∶1,约1∶1至约7∶1或约1∶1至约5∶1。例如,该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃与伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺的重量∶重量比是约1.5∶1,约2∶1,约3∶1或约4∶1。
加到该聚烯烃基材的官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃和伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺添加剂两者之和例如是以该聚烯烃基材重量为基以重量计约1%至约15%。例如该添加剂两者之和是以该聚烯烃基材重量为基以重量计约1%至约10%,约3%至约7%,或约3%至约5%。
优选地,组分(b)加到该聚烯烃的量是以该聚烯烃重量计0.05-15%,特别地1-10%,例如1-7%。
优选地,组分(c)加到该聚烯烃的量是以该聚烯烃重量计0.05-15%,特别地1-10%,例如1-7%。
本发明的添加剂可以单个或彼此混合加到该聚烯烃基材中。如果希望,在加到聚烯烃之前,例如通过干共混、压实或呈熔体,可以把这些单个组分彼此混合起来。
采用已知的方法,例如以粉末状干共混,或例如在惰性溶剂、水或油中以溶液、分散体或悬浮液形式湿混加入本发明的添加剂。例如,在模塑前后或也可采用将溶解或分散的添加剂或添加剂混合物施用到聚烯烃材料上,接着或不接着蒸去该溶剂或悬浮/分散剂,可以加入本发明的添加剂。它们可以直接加到加工装置(例如挤塑机、密炼机等)中,例如以干混合物或粉末,或以溶液或分散体或悬浮液或熔体加入。
可以使用配备搅拌器的可加热容器,例如使用封闭装置,像捏合机、混合器或搅拌容器加入所述的添加剂。优选地,采用挤塑机或捏合机加入所述的添加剂。是否在惰性气氛中或在氧气存在下进行加工不是实质性的。
可以使用所有通常的混合设备把该添加剂加到该聚烯烃基材中,其中聚烯烃被熔化并与该添加剂混合。本技术领域的技术人员知道这些合适的设备。它们主要是混合器、捏合机和挤塑机。
加工包括挤出、共捏合、拉挤成型、压塑、片材挤塑、热成型、注塑或滚塑。优选地,加工时在挤塑机中加入该添加剂进行这种加工。
特别优选的加工设备是单-螺杆挤塑机、反向旋转和同向旋转双-螺杆挤塑机、滚塑设备、星形齿轮挤塑机、环型挤塑机或共捏合机。也可能使用有至少一个可以抽真空除去气体的室的加工设备。
例如在《Handbuch der Kunststoffextrusion,Vol.1 Grundlagen,Editors F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1989,pp.3-7,ISBN:3-446-14339-4(Vol.2 Extrusionsanlagen 1986,ISBN 3-446-14329-7)中描述了合适的挤塑机和捏合机。
例如,该螺杆长度是螺杆直径的1-60倍,优选地是螺杆直径的35-48倍。该螺杆的旋转速度优选地是10-600转每分钟(rpm),非常特别优选地25-300rpm。
最大挤出量取决于该螺杆直径、旋转速度和传动力。也可以通过改变这些提到的参数或采用给出剂量的称重设备,在低于最大挤出量的水平下实施本发明的方法。
如果加入多个组分,这些组分可以进行预混合或单个加入。
也可以把本发明的添加剂喷射到该聚烯烃材料上。它们能稀释其它的添加剂(例如任选的常见添加剂)或它们的熔体,因此也可以将它们与这些添加剂一起喷射到该材料上。在聚合反应催化剂去活化时通过喷射添加其添加剂是特别有利的;在这种情况下,放出的液流可以用于使该催化剂失活。在球状聚合的聚烯烃的情况下,例如采用喷射方法任选地将本发明的添加剂连同其它的添加剂一起施用可能是有利的。
本发明的添加剂和任选的其它添加剂也可以加到呈母料形式(“浓缩物”)的聚烯烃中,它含有加入一种聚合物中的这些组分,其浓度例如是以重量计约1%至约40%,优选地约2%至约20%。该聚合物应该不必与最后添加该添加剂的聚烯烃相同。采用这样一些操作,可以使用粉末、颗粒、溶液、悬浮液状或胶乳状的聚合物。
这种加入可以在成型操作之前或期间进行,或采用将溶解或分散的化合物施用到聚烯烃上,接着或不接着蒸去溶剂。把本发明添加剂加到聚烯烃的另一种可能性是在使这些相应单体聚合之前、期间或直接在其后,或在交联之前加入这些添加剂。关于这点,可以添加本发明的添加剂,否则呈封装形式(例如使用蜡、油或聚合物)。
含有这里描述的本发明添加剂的聚烯烃可以用于生产模塑制品、旋塑制品、注塑制品,吹塑制品、型材等。
本发明的聚烯烃可以任选地还含有以重量计约0.01%至约5%,优选地约0.025%至约2%,特别地约0.1%至约1%各种其它的添加剂,例如下面列出的化合物或其混合物。
1. 抗氧化剂
1.1. 烷基化单苯酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔-丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-n-丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-双十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚、壬基苯酚,它们在侧链上是直链或支链的,例如2,6-二-壬基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十一烷-1-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十七烷-1-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十三烷-1-基)苯酚及其混合物。
1.2. 烷基硫甲基苯酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-叔-丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷基硫甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3. 氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二-叔-戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基硬脂酸酯、双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)己二酸酯。
1.4.生育酚类,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5. 羟基化硫代二苯基醚,例如2,2′-硫代双(6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔-丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔-丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双-(3,6-二-仲-戊基苯酚)、4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫化物。
1.6. 亚烷基双苯酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔-丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔-丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔-丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔-丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基-苯基)-3-n-十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔-丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯、双[2-(3′叔-丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷、2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双-(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基2-甲基苯基)-4-n-十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7. 苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四-叔-丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚、十八烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯、十三烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、二-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基-巯基-乙酸异辛酯、双-(4-叔-丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫醇对苯二甲酸酯、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰尿酸酯、1,3,5-三s-(4-叔-丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰尿酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基-磷酸双十八烷基酯和3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基-磷酸单乙酯,钙盐。
1.8. 羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如双十八烷基-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)-丙二酸酯、二-十八烷基-2-(3-叔-丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-丙二酸酯、二-十二烷基巯基乙基-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯、双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯。
1.9. 芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10. 三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰尿酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔-丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰尿酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰尿酸酯。
1.11. 苄基膦酸酯,例如二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、二乙基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、双十八烷基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、双十八烷基-5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙酯钙盐。
1.12. 酰氨基苯酚,例如4-羟基-月桂酸酰替苯胺、4-羟基-硬脂酸酰替苯胺、2,4-双-辛基巯基-6-(3,5-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-s-三嗪和辛基-N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-氨基甲酸酯。
1.13. β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、n-辛醇、i-辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰尿酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.14.β -(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的 酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、n-辛醇、i-辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰尿酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.15.β -(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙烯乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊基乙二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰尿酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.16. 3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙烯乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊基乙二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰尿酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.17. β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酰胺,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二酰胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)酰肼、N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(Uniroyal供应的NaugardXL-1)。
1.18. 抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19. 胺类抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二-异丙基-p-苯二胺、N,N′-二-仲-丁基-p-苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-p-苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-p-苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基庚基)-p-苯二胺、N,N′-二环己基-p-苯二胺、N,N′-联苯基-p-苯二胺、N,N′-双(2-萘基)-p-苯二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基-p-苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-p-苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基-p-苯二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基-p-苯二胺、4-(p-甲苯氨磺酰基)联苯基胺、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二-仲-丁基-p-苯二胺、联苯基胺、N-烯丙基联苯基胺、4-异丙氧基联苯基胺、N-苯基-1-萘基胺、N-(4-叔-辛基苯基)-1-萘基胺、N-苯基-2-萘基胺、辛酸化联苯基胺,例如p,p′-二-叔-辛基联苯基胺、4-n-丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰基氨基苯酚、4-壬酰基氨基苯酚、4-十二烷酰基氨基苯酚、4-十八烷酰基氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚、2,4′-二氨基联苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基联苯基甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基联苯基甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(o-甲苯基)双胍、双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔-辛酸化N-苯基-1-萘基胺、单-和二烷基化叔-丁基/叔-辛基联苯基胺混合物、单-和二烷基化壬基联苯基胺混合物、单-和二烷基化十二烷基联苯基胺混合物、单-和二烷基化异丙基/异己基联苯基胺混合物、单-和二烷基化叔-丁基联苯基胺混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单-和二烷基化叔-丁基/叔-辛基吩噻嗪混合物、单-和二烷基化叔-辛基-吩噻嗪、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯。
2. 紫外光吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1. 2-(2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,例如在下述美国专利中公开的已知商品羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑和苯并三唑:3004896、3055896、3072585、3074 910、3189615、3218332、3230194、4127586、4226763、4275004、4278589、4315848、4347180、4383863、4675352、4681905、4853471、5268450、5278314、5280124、5319091、5410071、5436349、5516914、5554760、5563242、5574166、5607987、5977219和6166218,例如2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3,5-二-t-丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-t-丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-t-辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(3,5-二-t-丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(3-t-丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-仲-丁基-5-t-丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3,5-二-t-戊基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3,5-双-α-枯基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-t-丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-(ω-羟基-八-(乙烯氧基)羰基-乙基)-,苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-十二烷基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-t-丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基羰基)乙基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、十二烷酸化2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔-丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔-丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己氧基)-羰基乙基)-2-羟基苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔-丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-t-丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-t-丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基)-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-t-丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基-2H-苯并三唑、2,2’-亚甲基-双(4-t-辛基-(6-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚)、2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-t-辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3-t-辛基-5-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氟-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-t-辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-t-丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-t-辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-5-t-辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-t-辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、甲基3-(5-三氟甲基-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-t-丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯、5-丁基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-t-辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-t-丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-t-丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-丁基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-t-丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑和5-苯基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-t-丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑。
2.2. 2-羟基苯酮,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3. 取代和未取代苯甲酸酯,例如4-叔-丁基苯基水杨酸酯、苯基水杨酸酯、辛基苯基水杨酸酯、二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、双(4-叔-丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、2,4-二叔丁基苯基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯、十六烷基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯、十八烷基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯、2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸酯。
2.4. 丙烯酸酯和丙二酸酯,例如α-氰基-β,β-联苯基丙烯酸乙酯或异辛酯、α-甲酯基-肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-p-甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯或丁酯、α-甲酯基-p-甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯、N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基-二氢吲哚、SanduvorPR25、p-甲氧基苯亚甲基丙二酸二甲酯(CAS#7443-25-6)和SanduvorPR31、二-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)p-甲氧基苯亚甲基丙二酸酯(CAS#147783-69-5)。
2.5. 镍化合物,例如2,2′-硫代-双-[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]镍配合物,像有或没有附加配位体的1∶1或1∶2配合物,附加配位体例如是n-丁基胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺、二硫代氨基甲酸二丁酯镍、单烷基酯镍盐,例如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸甲酯或乙酯,酮肟镍配合物,例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟、1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑镍配合物,有或没有附加配位体。
2.6. 空间位阻胺稳定剂,例如4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-烯丙基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)n-丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯、1-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和琥珀酸缩合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔-辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪线性或环状缩合物、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷-四羧酸酯、1,1′-(1,2-乙二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-n-丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-n-辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺环[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪线性或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-n-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-n-丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺环[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-和4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶混合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪缩合产物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪缩合产物以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(CAS Reg.No.[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-n-十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-n-十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺环[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺环[4,5]癸烷和表氯醇反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双-甲酰基-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基-亚甲基-马来酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-烯烃-共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
该空间位阻胺也可以是在US5980783中描述的其中一种化合物,本文将其相关部分作为参考文献加以引用,即所述US5980783的第64-72栏列出的组分I-a),I-b)、I-c)、I-d)、I-e)、I-f)、I-g)、I-h)、I-i)、I-j)、I-k)或I-I)化合物,特别地光稳定剂1-a-1、1-a-2、1-b-1、1-c-1、1-c-2、1-d-1、1-d-2、1-d-3、1-e-1、1-f-1、1-g-1、1-g-2或1-k-1。
该空间位阻胺也可以是在专利US6046304和6297299中描述的化合物,本文将其公开作为参考文献加以引用,例如像在权利要求10或38或在实施例1-12或D-1至D-5其中描述的化合物。
2.7. 在N-原子上用羟基-取代的烷氧基取代的空间位阻胺,例如像下述化合物1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-六癸酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-烃氧基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶与选自如下的碳基的反应产物:t-戊醇、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)琥珀酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)戊二酸酯和2,4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪。
2.8. 草酰胺,例如4,4′-二辛氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二-叔-丁草酰二苯胺(butoxanilide)、2,2′-双十二烷氧基-5,5′-二-叔-丁草酰二苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰二苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔-丁基-2′-乙草酰二苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二-叔-丁草酰二苯胺的混合物、o-和p-甲氧基-双取代的草酰二苯胺混合物和o-和p-乙氧基-双取代的草酰二苯胺混合物。
2.9. 三-芳基-o-羟基苯基-s-三嗪,例如下述美国专利公开的已知的商品的三-芳基-o-羟基苯基-s-三嗪和三嗪:3843371、4619956、4740542、5096489、5106891、5298067、5300414、5354794、5461151、5476937、5489503、5543518、5556973、5597854、5681955、5726309、5736597、5942626、5959008、5998116、6013704、6060543、6242598和6255483,例如4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、Cyasorb1164,Cytec Corp、4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二羟基苯基)-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-溴苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-乙酸基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二羟基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双(4-联苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基羰基亚乙氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、2-苯基-4-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲-戊氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-苄氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-n-丁氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二-n-丁氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-壬氧基*-2-羟基丙氧基)-5-α-枯基苯基]-s-三嗪(*表示辛氧基、壬氧基和癸氧基混合基团)、亚甲基双-{2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪}、在3∶5′、5∶5′和3∶3′位按5∶4∶1比桥接的亚甲基桥接二聚物混合物、2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-异辛氧基羰基异亚丙氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-己氧基-5-α-枯基苯基)-s-三嗪、2-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-4,6-双[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-仲-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪、4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-s-三嗪和4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-s-三嗪混合物、Tinuvin400,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.、4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-(2-乙基己氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-s-三嗪和4,6-联苯基-2-(4-己氧基-2-羟基苯基)-s-三嗪。
3. 金属钝化剂,例如N,N′-联苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰基肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)肼、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、3-水杨酰基氨基-1,2,4-三唑、双(苯亚甲基)草酰基二酰肼、草酰二苯胺、异邻苯二甲酰基二酰肼、癸二酰基联苯基酰肼、N,N′-二乙酰基己二酰基二酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)草酰基二酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)硫代丙酰基二酰肼。
4. 亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如三苯基亚磷酸酯、联苯基烷基亚磷酸酯、苯基二烷基亚磷酸酯、三(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三月桂基亚磷酸酯、三十八烷基亚磷酸酯、二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二异癸氧基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4,6-三(叔-丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨糖醇三亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)4,4′-亚联苯基二亚膦酸酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四-叔-丁基-二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四-叔-丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亚磷酸酯、2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四-叔-丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯]、2-乙基己基(3,3′,5,5′-四-叔-丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯。
特别优选的是下述的亚磷酸酯:
三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯(Irgafos168,Ciba SpecialtyChemicals Corp.)、三(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯,
5. 羟胺,例如N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二十四烷基羟胺、N,N-二十六烷基羟胺、N,N-二十八烷基羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-甲基-N-十八烷基羟胺和由氢化牛脂胺衍生的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
6. 硝酮,例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基(tridcyl)硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、N-甲基-α-十六烷基硝酮和由N,N-二烷基羟胺衍生得到的硝酮,而N,N-二烷基羟胺是氢化牛脂胺衍生得到的。
7. 氧化胺,例如在美国专利5844029和5880191中公开的氧化胺衍生物、二癸基甲基氧化胺、十三烷基氧化胺、三(十二烷基)氧化胺和三(十六烷基)氧化胺。
8. 苯并呋喃酮(benzofuranone)和二氢吲唑酮,例如在US4325863、US4338244、US5175312、US5216052、US5252643、DE-A-4316611、DE-A-4316622、DE-A-4316876、EP-A-0589839、EP-A-0591102、EP-A-1291384中公开的那些化合物,或3-[4-(2-乙酸基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3′-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酸基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2-乙酰基-5-异辛基苯基)-5-异辛基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
9. 除酸剂(Thiosynergists),例如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂脂。
10. 过氧化物消除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸酯,例如月桂基、硬脂基、肉豆蔻基或十三烷基酯,巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑锌盐、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二(十八烷基)二硫醚、季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
11. 聚酰胺稳定剂,例如铜盐与碘化物和/或磷化合物并用和二价锰盐。
12. 基本辅助稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、双氰胺、三烯丙基氰尿酸酯、尿素衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、高级脂肪酸碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山嵛酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾、邻苯二酚酸锑或邻苯二酚酸锌。
13. 成核剂,例如无机物质,像滑石,金属氧化物,像二氧化钛或氧化镁,优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物,例如单-或多羧酸及其盐,例如4-叔-丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、联苯基乙酸、琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物,离子共聚物(离子键聚合物)。
14. 填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃泡、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨、木粉和其它天然产品粉或纤维、合成纤维。
15. 分散剂,例如聚氧化乙烯蜡或矿物油。
16. 其它的添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、染料、增白剂、流变学添加剂、催化剂、流动调节剂、滑爽剂、交联剂、交联助促进剂、卤素清除剂、消烟剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、澄清剂,例如取代和未取代的双苯亚甲基山梨糖醇,苯并嗪酮紫外吸收剂,例如2,2’-p-亚苯基-双(3,1-苯并嗪-4-酮),Cyasorb3638(CAS#18600-59-4)和发泡剂。
优选的其它添加剂是一种或多种选自添加剂位阻胺光稳定剂、羟胺稳定剂、有机磷稳定剂、苯并呋喃酮稳定剂和羟基苯基苯并三唑、羟基苯基-s-三嗪或苯酮紫外光吸收剂。
该聚烯烃组合物具有良好的耐气候性(对热、氧和光的稳定性)、抗刮伤性、良好的加工性、良好的机械强度、良好的保光性,还没有粘性。该聚烯烃模塑件例如适用于汽车应用,即保险杆等。
本发明的另一部分是组分(b)和(c)混合物作为聚烯抗刮伤剂的用途。
下面的实施例更详细地说明本发明。除非另外指出,所有的百分数都是以重量份表示的。
实施例1:聚烯烃的抗刮伤性
A制备2∶1(重量∶重量)该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃与硬脂基芥酸酰胺共混料[组分(b)和(c)混合物;发明的共混料]。该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是C22-C26α-烯烃与马来酸酐聚合物的牛脂脂肪醇酯:
式中:
R1和R2是牛脂,R是C20-C24烷基,而n是平均值约45。
为比较性能而评价的其它添加剂是油酰胺、硬脂基芥酸酰胺和DowCorning MB 50-321聚硅氧烷添加剂。重量百分数是以聚丙烯为基的。将该添加剂混配在冲击性改善共聚物聚丙烯(从市场上获得的Basell的PROFAX7523)和高冲击性聚丙烯(3-5熔体流)中,其中含有20-30%滑石和2-3%炭黑。使用25mm双螺杆挤塑机,采用工业标准条件进行所有混配。所有配合还含有稳定剂,例如羟基苯基苯并三唑紫外光吸收剂、位阻胺光稳定剂、位阻苯酚抗氧化剂和有机磷加工稳定剂。注塑板是使用BOY 50-M注塑机,采用标准条件由这些混配样品制得的。
除冲击性性能外,进行了几个试验评价天候老化前后的抗刮伤性。结果列如下。
标准五指刮伤试验准则(Daimler Chrysler Corporation TestNumber LP-463DD-18-1,日期2002-07-24)
额定值 刮痕宽度 增白
1(最好) <0.2mm宽, 没有
几乎可见
2 0.2-0.3mm宽, 稍微
变形,在靠近角度可见 没有
3 0.3-0.4mm宽,清晰
可见
4 0.4-0.5mm宽 可见增白
在整个刮伤区
5(最坏) >0.5mm宽 在整个刮伤区白色
以及可能伴随碎片
结果(N=牛顿)
3N 6N 10N 15N
对照 1.5 4 4.5 5
1%油酰胺 1.5 2 3.5 4.5
3%Dow Corning MB 50-321 1.5 2.5 4 5
3%发明共混料 1.0 2 2 3.5
天候老化后的结果
在独立的详细研究中,显示了天候老化后的结果。氙弧WeatherOmeter,0.55W/m2辐照度(340nm),SAE J 1885-NAFTA内汽车方案,89℃黑板温度,干燥条件。抗刮伤性为600kJ/m2是理想的。标准五指试验额定值如下。
开始额定值 600KJS天候老
化后的额定值
3N 6N 10N 3N 6N 10N
3%硬脂基芥酸酰胺 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.5 4.5
3%官能化的马来酸
化α-烯烃 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 4.0 4.5
3%发明共混料 2.5 3 3.5 3 3 4
空白 3.5 4 4.5 3.5 4 4.5
含有硬脂基芥酸酰胺的板在受到600KJS照射后变成粘性的。本发明的共混料在天候老化时有令人惊奇的协同作用,而没有任何反作用。
改进的泰伯磨耗试验目视检查原则
额定值 刮痕宽度 相对性能
1(最好) <50mm 极佳
2 200-300mm 好
3 300-400mm 比较好
4 400-500mm 差
5(最差) >500mm 非常差
改进的泰伯磨耗试验对照 4
1%油酰胺 2.5
3%Dow Corning MB50-321 2.5
3%本发明的共混料 1.5
上述结果表明,在聚烯烃中使用本发明的共混料有显著的抗刮伤性改进。
Claims (9)
1.组合物,它含有:
a)聚烯烃,
b)用长链醇或长链胺官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃,以及
c)伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺,
其中该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是下式的酯或半酯:
式中:
R是C16-C24烷基,
R1和R2独自是氢、C1-C22烷基或C2-C22烯基,其中R1和R2中至少一个是C12-C22烷基或烯基,以及
n是使平均分子量为20000至50000的整数,
其中该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是下式的伯或仲酰胺:
式中:
R是C16-C24烷基,
R1、R2、R3和R4独自是氢或C1-C22烷基或C2-C22烯基,其中R1、R2、R3或R4中至少一个是C12-C22烷基或烯基,以及
n是使平均分子量为20000至50000的整数;
或
其中该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是下式酰亚胺:
式中:
R是C16-C24烷基,
R1是C12-C22烷基或烯基,以及
n是使平均分子量为20000至50000的整数,
其中伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺的脂肪基团是C11-C21烷基或C11-C21烯基,
其中该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃组分(b)与伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺组分(c)的重量∶重量比是1∶1至10∶1,
其中组分(b)的量是以组分(a)重量计0.05-15%,
其中组分(c)的量是以组分(a)重量计0.05-15%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中该聚烯烃是聚丙烯或聚乙烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃与牛脂脂肪醇、蓖麻油醇或油醇的半酯或酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中该官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃是马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃与油酰胺、芥酸酰胺、硬脂酰胺、山萮酸酰胺、油基棕榈酸酰胺、硬脂基芥酸酰胺、乙烯-双-硬脂酰胺或乙烯-双-油酰胺的酰胺;或其中该官能化的马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃是马来酸化C18-C26α-烯烃与油酰胺、芥酸酰胺、硬脂酰胺或山萮酸酰胺的酰亚胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中该脂肪酸酰胺是硬脂基芥酸酰胺或油基棕榈酸酰胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,它含有除组分(a)、(b)和(c)外还含有其它的添加剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,它含有一种或多种选自位阻胺光稳定剂、羟胺稳定剂、有机磷稳定剂、苯并呋喃酮稳定剂和羟基苯基苯并三唑、羟基苯基-s-三嗪或苯酮紫外光吸收剂的添加剂作为其它的添加剂。
8.使聚烯烃基材具有抗刮伤性的方法,该方法包括往所述的聚烯烃里加入有效量的权利要求1所述(b)用长链醇或长链胺官能化的马来酸化α-烯烃和(c)伯或仲脂肪酸酰胺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组分(b)和(c)混合物作为聚烯烃抗刮伤剂的用途。
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JP2009079117A (ja) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-16 | Prime Polymer:Kk | ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物 |
CN101970568B (zh) * | 2008-01-25 | 2013-11-20 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 汽车内饰应用的低粘度附加套件 |
JP2011521028A (ja) | 2008-05-15 | 2011-07-21 | サウディ ベーシック インダストリーズ コーポレイション | 充填ポリプロピレン組成物から作製された耐引掻性成形物品 |
WO2010072592A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Basf Se | Method of improving scratch resistance and related products and uses |
TWI477547B (zh) * | 2009-05-26 | 2015-03-21 | Basf Corp | 抗刮聚丙烯 |
ES2488621T3 (es) * | 2011-08-11 | 2014-08-28 | Borealis Ag | Composición mejorada en cuanto a la visibilidad del rayado y con baja pegajosidad superficial |
CN103717666B (zh) * | 2011-08-11 | 2016-06-29 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 具有改善的长期耐刮划性和降低的表面黏着性的组合物 |
WO2015005303A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-15 | 株式会社プライムポリマー | プロピレン系樹脂組成物およびその用途 |
CN108610553A (zh) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州睿烁环境科技有限公司 | 一种耐划伤pp塑料及其制备方法和应用 |
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EP1776416B1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
BRPI0513147A (pt) | 2008-04-29 |
ES2307190T3 (es) | 2008-11-16 |
BRPI0513147B1 (pt) | 2016-04-12 |
ATE397038T1 (de) | 2008-06-15 |
KR101175641B1 (ko) | 2012-08-22 |
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WO2006003127A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
CA2573027C (en) | 2013-04-02 |
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