CN1980968B - 基于聚氨酯的增稠剂 - Google Patents
基于聚氨酯的增稠剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1980968B CN1980968B CN2005800224209A CN200580022420A CN1980968B CN 1980968 B CN1980968 B CN 1980968B CN 2005800224209 A CN2005800224209 A CN 2005800224209A CN 200580022420 A CN200580022420 A CN 200580022420A CN 1980968 B CN1980968 B CN 1980968B
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- PBJZAYSKNIIHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;oxirane Chemical class C1CO1.CCOC(N)=O PBJZAYSKNIIHMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种增稠剂,其基于非离子性的可在水中分散的或在水中溶解的聚氨酯的水性制剂,该聚氨酯可通过下列组分的反应制备:(a)一种或多种亲水性多元醇,该多元醇每分子含至少两个OH基和至少两个选自官能团-O-(醚基)和-COO-(酯基)的官能团,该亲水化合物的分子量至少为300,(b)一种或多种每分子具有至少一个泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的疏水化合物,该疏水化合物的分子量为100~500,并且该疏水化合物的每个分子含至少一个直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的具有至少5个相连的C原子的烷基链,其中所述C原子不连接杂原子,(c)一个或多个至少是双官能团的异氰酸酯其特征在于,该化合物a)、b)和c)以当量比即OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)为1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)相互反应,其要满足下列条件:x是0.05~1.2范围内的数,y是(0.2~1.05)x范围内的数,该增调剂的特征在于,特别对水性分散体有极好的增稠效果。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种增稠剂,其基于非离子性的在水中可分散或可溶的具特殊结构的聚氨酯的水性制剂。
技术背景
专业人员将在水可稀释的水相中或主要在水相中的聚氨酯溶液或聚氨酯分散液称为HEUR增稠剂(缩写HEUR源自“nonionic hydrophobicallymodified ethylene oxide urethane block copolymer(非离子性的疏水改性的环氧乙烷氨基甲酸乙酯嵌段共聚物)”),并早己在不同的应用领域用于增稠水基的乳胶漆中。
70年代末,在US-A-4079028所描述的HEUR型增稠剂是由直链和/或支链的聚乙二醇嵌段和疏水链段制成的,其基本经氨基甲酸乙酯基团(在应用时由胺代替醇产生尿素基团)相互连接。
该HEUR增调剂的增调作用的原理认为是,该聚乙二醇链段确保了与水的相容性,该疏水链段经相互缔合以及与分散粘合剂细粒的缔合以在待增稠的乳胶漆中构成产生粘性的三维分子复合体。
在市售的HEUR增稠剂中的优选疏水链段是长链的通常为单官能团的醇,如正辛醇、正十二烷醇、异十三烷醇、异壬基酚或蓖麻油酸甲基酯。这些醇主要以这种形式,但也以与一些小当量的环氧乙烷的加成产物的形式使用。
在市售的HEUR增稠剂中主要应用的多官能团异氰酸酯链段通常是双官能团的。如可使用亚甲基-二-(4-环己基)-二异氰酸酯、间/对-四亚甲基亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或4/2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。在市售的HEUR增稠剂中应用的聚乙二醇链段通常也是双官能团的,其分子量在几千道尔顿范围,如4500或10000道尔顿。
HEUR增稠剂各链段的使用比例,即支链或非支链的聚乙二醇、单官能团的或多官能团的疏水醇、预乙氧化的单官能团的或多官能团的疏水醇、使链加长的双官能团的或多官能团的短链醇的使用比例,通常这样选用该比例,以向每个因羟基而具活性的乙二醇链段端基均提供一个疏水醇。
HEUR增稠剂的羟基封端的合成链段通过与双官能团的或多官能团的异氰酸酯的反应而相互连接,该相互发生加成反应的异氰酸酯基团以及“H-酸”基团(通常为OH基;也可能是NH2基)的当量使用比按照下述进行选用,使得对于每个“H-酸”基团当量,即通常每个OH-基,存在有至少略小于一个的异氰酸酯基团当量.换句话说:通常将OH∶NCO的当量比调节到至少1∶1,这里最理想是1∶1或与NCO基相比OH-基过量约5~10%(相应于OH∶NCO的当量比为1.05∶1~1.1∶1),以确保最终产品(HEUR-增稠剂)不含游离的NCO-基,该NCO基是不希望的,因为一方面是基于毒性原因,另一方面是因为在其后于待增稠的配方中使用时会引起与配方组分的二次反应.在制备HEUR增稠剂时该聚乙二醇链段和疏水醇链段的OH基比异氰酸酯链段的NCO基稍过量约5~10%的基本原理也已是上述US-A-4079028教导的一部分(参见该文献的栏3,行17).
近来HEUR增稠剂越来越多地作为弥散型化妆制剂的增稠剂(参见如EP-A-787486)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于聚氨酯的增稠剂,其与现有技术的聚氨酯增稠剂相比,使用同样的量就使得增稠产品达到高粘度,尽管该增稠剂的成品形式固有粘度较小,。此外,如所希望的可在不使用挥发性有机溶剂的情况下制备该增稠剂。
令人意外地发现,可明显提高HEUR增稠剂的增稠效果,只要:
1.将疏水化合物每分子中具有至少一个泽列维季诺夫活泼(Zerewitinoff-aktive)氢原子(ZH-基团)的(对NCO基团)呈活性的官能团(在醇情况下是OH基)与亲水的多元醇的活性OH基的比值提高到明显大于常用值1,并且
2.相对于OH基和ZH基的总和提供明显大于1当量的多官能异氰酸酯。
本发明的目的是提供一种增稠剂,其基于非离子性的可在水中分散的或在水中溶解的聚氨酯的水性制剂,该聚氨酯可通过下列组分的反应制备:
(a)一种或多种亲水性多元醇(a),该多元醇每分子含至少两个OH基和至少两个选自官能团-O-(醚基)和-COO-(酯基)的官能团,该亲水化合物的分子量至少为300,
(b)一种或多种每分子具有至少一个泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的疏水化合物,该疏水化合物的分子量为100~500,并且该疏水化合物的每个分子含至少一个直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的具有至少5个相连的C原子的烷基链,其中所述C原子不连接杂原子,并且
(c)一个或多个至少双官能团的异氰酸酯,其特征在于,该化合物a)、b)和c)以当量比即OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)为1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)相互反应,其要满足下列条件:
·x是0.05~1.2范围内的数,并且
·y是(0.2~1.05)x范围内的数。
表达式OHa)表示化合物a)的伯(端基)OH基。表达式ZHb)表示具有泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的对于NCO-基呈反应性的基b)。表达式NCOc)表示化合物c)的异氰酸酯基。
在本发明中,化合物a)的当量是OH当量,化合物b)的当量是泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的当量,化合物c)的当量是NCO当量。
虽然当量的概念对聚氨酯领域的专业人员而言是熟知的,但在下面为了明了起见对其进行解释。
术语当量按通用含义理解,是针对分子中所提供的活性基团。例如1mol的一元醇含1mol的OH基;1mol的二元醇含2mol的OH基;1mol的三元醇含3mol的OH基等。同样,1mol的二异氰酸酯(NCO官能度=2)含2mol的NCO基,1mol(平均)官能团为2.3的聚异氰酸酯混合物平均含2.3mol的NCO基等。例如要使醇和异氰酸酯相互如此反应,即所用的化合物在OH基或NCO基应呈一定的比,则建议使用活性基团的比例而不用重量比或摩尔比。OH∶NCO比即表示当量比。
通常当量比表示在所使用的反应剂中指定的活性基团的数目比。
为直观起见,首先通过以简单方法推算当量比的实例进行说明.例如按本发明使下列组分反应生成聚氨酯:
·1mol的每分子含两个OH基的聚乙二醇(PEG,OH官能度=2)
·4mol的每分子含一个OH基的疏水醇(OH官能度=1),和
·4mol的二异氰酸酯(NCO官能度=2),则
·所使用的PEG含2mol的OH基,
·所使用的疏水醇含4mol的OH基,并且
·所使用的二异氰酸酯含8mol的NCO基。
该聚乙二醇的OH基、该疏水醇的OH基与该二异氰酸酯的NCO基的数目比为2∶4∶8或1∶2∶4。或反过来:如果所述组分(PEG、疏水醇和二异氰酸酯)要以当量比1∶3∶3反应,则以摩尔比0.5∶3∶1.5或1∶6∶3使用聚乙二醇、疏水醇和二异氰酸酯。
为了明了和清楚起见需明确指出,y通过乘积得出。y的表达式“(0.2~1.05)x”意指x与0.2~1.05范围内一个数的乘积,该x总使用其给定范围内的一个具体数。
在一个实施方案中,化合物a)、b)和c)以当量比OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)=1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)相互反应,其中x是0.05~1.2范围内的数,y是(0.2~1.05)x范围内的数。
在另一实施方案中,化合物a)、b)和c)以当量比OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)=1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)相互反应,其中x是0.15~1.1范围内的数,y是(0.5~1.03)x范围内的数。
在一个优选的实施方案中,化合物a)、b)和c)以当量比OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)=1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)相互反应,其中x是0.3~1.05范围内的数,y是(0.5~1.02)x范围内的数。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,化合物a)、b)和c)以当量比OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)=1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)相互反应,其中x是0.5~1.02范围内的数,y是(0.7~1.01)x范围内的数。
组分(a)
按定义该亲水多元醇(a)的每个分子含至少两个OH基和至少两个选自-O-(醚基)和-COO-(酯基)的官能团,该亲水化合物的分子量至少为300,优选至少为1000。因此组分(a)是本发明的HEUR型聚氨酯的亲水性分子链段。要强调指出的是,该化合物(a)基本上与化合物(b)是不同的,该化合物(b)不是亲水性的而是疏水性的。
适用的化合物(a)例如是环氧乙烷的聚合产物,其混合聚合产物或接枝聚合产物以及通过多元醇或其混合物缩合所得的聚醚和通过多元醇、酰胺、聚酰胺和氨基醇的乙氧基化所得的聚醚。例如合适的化合物(a)是聚乙二醇、环氧乙烷与三甲醇丙烷的加成产物、EO-PO-嵌段共聚物、OH-封端的聚醚如多官能团聚己内酯型。
优选化含物(a)是聚醚多元醇。其为每分子含至少两个OH基和至少两个官能团-O-(醚基)的亲水性多元醇(a)。该聚醚多元醇通常有如此强的亲水性,以致在室温(20℃)下是水可溶的。
为制备本发明的聚氨酯,优选合适的是至少主要含聚乙二醇的聚醚多元醇。如果该聚乙二醇平均含20~400个烷氧基单元,则可达到特别好的结果。
作为化合物(a)优选的是通式为HO-(CH2-CH2-O)n-H的二元醇,其中n可取20~400之间的值。这里指的是聚乙二醇,其为环氧乙烷与乙二醇或水的缩合产物。优选将该聚乙二醇的分子量调节到1000~15000。
组分(b)
组分(b)是每个分子含至少一个泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的疏水化合物,该疏水化合物的分子量为100~500,并且该疏水化合物的每个分子含至少一个直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的具有至少5个相连C原子的烷基链,该链不与杂原子相连。术语“杂原子”是专业人员已知的,碳和氢当然不是杂原子。
众所周知,在N、O或S上连结的氢称为泽列维季诺夫活泼氢(有时仅称“活性氢”),只要其按泽列维季诺夫(Zerewitinoff)所发现的方法之一通过与碘化甲基镁反应而产生甲烷。含泽列维季诺夫活泼氢的化合物的典型例子是含有羧基、羟基、氨基、亚氨基或硫羟基作为官能基团的化合物。
对化合物(b)重要的是,该化合物(b)的分子的主链(Grundgerüst)主要呈疏水特性,即主要具有烃基,该烃基可以是脂族或芳脂族的。优选该化合物(b)的分子的主链是脂族的,其可以是饱和或不饱和的、直链或支链的。
该化合物(b)除了具有含泽列维季诺夫活泼氢的对NCO呈活性的官能团外,每个分子还可包含一个或两个其它极性基团。该些极性基团可以是含泽列维季诺夫活泼氢的官能团,也可是如-Cl、-F或-Br的基团。
在一个实施方案中,该疏水醇(b)除含对异氰酯呈活性的OH基外还含对异氰酸酯呈惰性的一个或两个其它极性基团。在已提及的每个分子中有一个或两个这种基团的前提下,按本发明优选作为另外的极性基团的是醚基、酯基、酰胺基和/或噁唑啉。此处的实例是蓖麻醇噁唑啉(Ricinoloxazolin)和蓖麻子脂肪酸甲基酯
化合物(b)优选每分子含6~24个碳原子。优选的是该化合物仅含一个对NCO呈活性的含泽列维季诺夫活泼氢的官能团。例如每分子具有6~24个碳原子的醇、羧酸和胺。
优选使用疏水的醇(其后也称为疏水醇)作为化合物(b),该疏水醇的每个分子必须含对NCO基呈活性的OH-基。优选该疏水醇的每个分子共有6~24个碳原子。除每个分子中必需的对NCO基呈活性的OH基外,该疏水醇还可含一个或两个OH-基。例如是α,β-二元醇,其例如是通过α-烯烃与过酸反应并接着用水使所得的环氧乙烷开环而得到的。
特别优选是使用每个分子含6~24个C原子,优选含8~20个C原子的醇作为疏水醇(b)。该醇可以是饱和的或不饱和的、直链的或支链的。所述链长范围的脂肪醇和羰基合成醇是特别优选的。更特别优选的是每个分子具有8~20个C原子的直链饱和醇,可单独或混合地使用。
合适的醇(b)的实例如下:
·源自天然的或在铝烷基催化剂存在下由乙烯的齐格勒合成反应生成的严格直链醇。特别优选的醇(b)是:正辛醇、正癸醇、正十二烷醇、正十四烷醇、正十六烷醇、正十八烷醇。
·一些(mehr oder weniger)强甲基支化、乙基支化、丙基支化、丁基支化或高级烷基支化的醇,其由烯烃如丙烯和/或丁烯、需要时与乙烯一起进行低聚和共低聚并接着进行贵金属催化的加氢甲酰基化(需要时还可发生异构化)所得到的。特别优选的醇(b)是Exxon公司的Exxal 8、Exxal 9、Exxal 10、Exxal 11、Exxal 13,Degussa公司的异壬醇以及BASF公司的异癸醇和异十三烷醇。
·在2-位上支化的醇:这里涉及专业人员所熟知的格尔伯特(Guerbet)醇,其通过伯醇经所谓的格尔伯特反应的二聚化而得。在此特别优选的醇(b)是:Sasol公司的Isofol 12,Cognis公司的Rilanit G16。
·通过用低聚烯烃的弗瑞德-克来福特-烷基化所得的醇,其除饱和烃基外还含芳环。在此特别优选的醇(b)是:异辛基酚和异壬基酚。
·除必须有的OH基外,含一个或多个其它极性基团的醇也适用作疏水醇(b),但在一定程度上该醇在整体上还是分类为疏水化合物。这类醇的代表例是蓖麻油酸甲基酯,其由Cognis公司以商品名“Edenor MeRi”市售。
在一个实施方案中,所述醇(b)也可以其与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的烷氧基化的产物的形式使用。
组分(c)
所有多官能团的芳族、脂环族和脂族的异氰酸酯均适合作为至少两官能团的异氰酸酯(c)。优选该合适的多官能团异氰酸酯平均包含2个~最多4个NCO基。二异氰酸酯特别适合作为化合物(c)。
适用的异氰酸酯例如为:1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、氢化MDI(H12MDI)、亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)、4,4’-二苯基二甲基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二烷基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和四烷基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苄基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、亚甲苯酰基二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体,需要时为混合物,1-甲基-2,4-二异氰酸根-环己烷、1,6-二异氰酸根-2,2,4-三甲基己烷、1,6-二异氰酸根-2,4,4-三甲基己烷、1-异氰酸根甲基-3-异氰酸根-1,5,5-三甲基环己烷、氯化的二异氰酸酯和溴化的二异氰酸酯、含磷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸根苯基全氟乙烷、四甲氧基丁烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、丁烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、亚乙基-二异氰酸酯、苯二甲酸-二-异氰酸根乙基酯、其它含反应性卤素原子的聚异氰酸酯如1-氯甲基苯基-2,4-二异氰酸酯、1-溴甲基苯基-2,6-二异氰酸酯、3,3-二-氯甲基醚-4,4’-二苯基二异氰酸酯。例如通过2mol的六亚甲基-二异氰酸酯与1mol的硫二甘醇或二羟基二己基硫化物反应产生的含硫聚异氰酸酯。其它重要的二异氰酸酯是三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸根丁烷、1,2-二异氰酸根十二烷和二聚脂肪酸-二异氰酸酯。部分封端(partly masked)的聚异氰酸酯也是有益的,其可形成自交联的聚氨酯,如二聚甲苯二异氰酸酯,或如与酚、叔丁醇、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、己内酰胺部分反应的聚异氰酸酯。
按本发明优选是,用于制备聚氨脂所用的异氰酸酯(c)至少主要含异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和/或四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)。优选是组分(c)仅选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)。
在一个优选实施方案中,使用含官能度为2的异氰酸酯(二官能异氰酸酯)。
在另一实施方案中,如需要则部分地或全部都使用官能度在2以上的异氰酸酯以制备含支链结构的聚氨酯。
本发明待用的聚氨酯的制备
本发明待用的聚氨酯可按专业人员己知的所有有关方法制备。最终产品优选不含游离的NCO基或尽可能不含NCO基。该制备优选在无水条件下进行,即可通过共沸混合物除水、通过在导入氮气流下加热或通过使用无水反应物而实现。
需要时该聚氨酯的制备可在溶剂或稀释剂中进行。有可能是需要在反应进行中增加粘度。该溶剂或稀释剂应对NCO-基呈惰性。例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯以及乙二醇的二烷基醚、二甘醇等是适用的。溶剂或稀释剂可在一开始就存在于系统中或在聚氨酯制备过程中和/或在其制备后加入。
反应温度本身并不重要。优选为40~130℃,特别是60~115℃。反应温度的选择宜使反应进行得足够快,并且副产物应尽可能少。
在一个实施方案中,反应在催化剂存在下进行。通常可使用:
a)含金属的化合物,如二丁基锡二乙酸酯、二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、二丁基锡(2-乙基-己酸酯)、辛酸锡、氯化锡、油酸钾、四-(2-乙基己基)-钛酸酯、钴-2-乙基-己酸酯、铁-2-乙基-己酸酯、环烷酸锌(Zinknaphtenate)、氯化铁、和/或
b)含氨基的化合物,如三乙胺、1,4-二氮杂-二环辛烷、1,8-二氮杂-二环[5.4.0]十一烯。
本发明所用的必须含组分(a)、(b)和(c)的聚氨酯的OH/ZH/NCO的比可在宽的范围内变化,且应遵守上述的条件。
组分(a)、(b)和(c)相互反应的顺序通常依本专业人员己知的方法而定。
在一个实施方案中,聚醚多元醇(a)先与异氰酸酯(c)反应。由于上述要遵守的当量关系,所得的中间产物包含脲基甲酸酯。接着加入醇(c)。
在另一个实施方案中,同时加入组分(a)、(b)和(c)。这时希望的是,设定为优选范围中的较高反应温度,和/或使用有利于中间体脲基甲酸酯结构形成的催化剂。
在所有情况下,优选将反应进行到该产品仅具有最少量的残余NCO含量。该残余NCO含量优选为零,即通过取样和测定NCO含量跟踪反应进程,只要不再检测出残余NCO含量时就终止该反应。
增稠剂浓缩物
本发明另一目的是提供一种增稠剂浓缩物,其包含:
(A)水,
(B)非离子性的、在水中可分散或在水中可溶的聚氨酯,该聚氨酯可通过下列反应制备:
(a)一种或多种亲水多元醇(a),其每个分子含至少两个OH基和至少两个选自官能团-O-(醚基)和-COO-(酯基)的官能团,该亲水化合物的分子量至少为300,
(b)一种或多种其每个分子含至少一个泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的疏水化合物,该疏水化合物的分子量至少为100~500,并且该疏水化合物的每个分子含至少一个直链或支链、饱和或不饱和的具有至少5个相连的无杂原子连接的C原子的烷基链,和
(c)一种或多种至少是双官能团的异氰酸酯,
其中化合物(a)、(b)和(c)以下列当量比相互反应:
OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)=1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)
其符合下列条件:
·x是0.05~1.2范围内的数,并且
·y是(0.2~1.05)x范围内的数;
并且
(C)任选地一种或多种有机溶剂和/或非离子性表面活性剂,所述非离子性表面活性剂的类型是由环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷与含8~18个C原子的醇的加成化合物。
关于化合物(B)的优选实施方案,上面的描述是适用的。
溶剂(C)涉及挥发性有机类溶剂。例如可以是小分子的醇如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、甘油、三甲醇丙烷。
作为由环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷与含8~18个C原子的醇的加成化合物类型的非离子性表面活性剂(C),优选每mol醇含2~4mol环氧乙烷的那些。该醇的碳链可以是饱和的或不饱和的、直链的或支链的。这类合适的化合物(C)的实例是Dehydol O4(Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co.KG公司的市售产品),其为每mol辛醇4mol环氧乙烷的加成产物。
此外,本发明还涉及本发明的增稠剂或增稠浓缩物在增稠含水系统,优选含水分散体中的应用,该分散体选自含水的汽车用漆和工业用漆、印刷色料和纺织色料、颜料印刷膏、含水药物配剂、化妆配剂或药妆配剂、植物保护配剂、填料分散体和颜料分散体、清洁剂和涂料、洗涤剂配料、粘结剂配料、蜡配料和抛光剂配料,以及在石油开采中的应用。
实施例
所用的缩写字
PEG:聚乙二醇E 8000(Dow Chemical公司的聚乙二醇;羟基数=13)
IPDI:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI,Degussa/Hüls公司)
TMXDI:间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI,Cytec公司)
i-C10-OH:异癸醇(氧代甲基化丙烯三聚物,(市售产品“Exxal 10”,ExxonMobil Chemical公司)
BuOc-OH:2-丁基-1-辛醇
Dehydol O4:4mol环氧乙烷在1mol正辛醇上的加成产物(Cognis公司)
聚氨酯制备
实施例1(用于对比)
在1升的四颈烧瓶中加有207.1g(24mmol)的聚乙二醇E 8000(DowChemical公司的聚乙二醇;羟基数=13)。进行两次抽真空、并充氮。接着抽成真空并将初始装置(Ansatz)加热到110℃。在此温度下于至少10mbar的真空下脱水两小时。然后充氮气,并继续通小量氮气流以保持保护气氛。在其后整个反应中用120r.p.m.的搅拌器转数搅拌。之后依次加入7.6g(48mmol)的异癸醇和10.7g(48mmol)的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI,Degussa/Hüls公司)。在加料及其后的反应时间中反应温度保持在110℃。
经1小时反应后,加入0.05g的1,8-二氮杂-二环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(Nitroil公司)作为催化剂.
一旦不再检测到残余异氰酸酯时(经约2小时的总反应时间后的情况),在无继续加热或冷却措施下先加入143.6g的Dehydol 04 deo(4mol环氧乙烷在1mol正辛醇上的加成产物,Cognis公司的市售产品),并搅拌到均匀。
这时温度下降到低于100℃。接着在搅拌下加入359.0g的去离子水,并搅拌到达均匀。
从反应容器中分离出约700g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣(为了进行该测量,在循环干燥箱中的10cm的铝蒸发舟中于105℃下干燥1~2g上述制备出的聚合物溶液约1.5小时)为48.6重量%,布氏粘度为2.75Pas(用转轴6的布氏RVT型粘度计以20r.p.m.转速于22℃下测定)。
实施例1a(本发明)
类似于实施例1处理,但使用11.4g(72mmol)的异癸醇而不是实施例1中所使用的7.6g(48mmol),用15.1g(68mmol)的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯而不是实施例1中所使用的10.7g(48mmol)。此外,使用146.9g的Dehydol 04deo而不是143.6g的Dehydol 04 deo和使用367.3g的去离子水而不是359.0g的去离子水。
从反应容器中分离出约730g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣为48.4重量%。
所得聚合物溶液的粘度为4.75Pas。
实施例1b(本发明)
类似于实施例1处理,但使用13.3g(84mmol)的异癸醇而不是实施例1中所使用的7.6g(48mmol),用16.5g(74mmol)的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯而不是实施例1中所使用的10.7g(48mmol)。此外,使用149.5g的Dehydol 04deo而不是143.6g的Dehydol 04 deo和使用373.8g的去离子水而不是359.0g的去离子水。
残余异氰酸酯在3小时反应时间后不再被检测出。
从反应容器中分离出约740g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣为49.1重量%。
所得聚合物溶液的粘度为4.0Pas。
实施例1c(本发明)
类似于实施例1处理,但使用15.2g(96mmol)的异癸醇而不是实施例1中所使用的7.6g(48mmol),用18.1g(82mmol)的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯而不是实施例1中所使用的10.7g(48mmol)。此外,使用150.8g的Dehydol 04deo而不是143.6g的Dehydol 04 deo和使用377.0g的去离子水而不是359.0g的去离子水。
从反应容器中分离出约750g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣为49.2重量%。
所得聚合物溶液的粘度为5Pas。
实施例2(用于对比)
在1升的四颈烧瓶中加有207.1g(24mmol)的聚乙二醇E 8000(DowChemical公司的聚乙二醇;羟基数=13).进行两次抽真空、并充氮.接着抽成真空并将初始装置(Ansatz)加热到110℃.在此温度下于至少10mbar的真空下脱水两小时.然后充氮气,并继续通小量氮气流以保持保护气氛.在其后整个反应中用120r.p.m.的搅拌器转数搅拌.之后依次加入8.9g(48mmol)的2-丁基-1-辛醇、11.7g(48mmol)的间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI,Cytec公司)和(作为催化剂的)0.05g的1,8-二氮杂-二环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(Nitroil公司).在加料及其后的反应时间中反应温度保持在110℃.
一旦不再检测到残余异氰酸酯时(这是经约6小时的情况),在无继续加热或冷却措施下先加入139.1g的Dehydol 04 deo(4mol环氧乙烷在1mol正辛醇上的加成产物,Cognis公司的市售产品),并搅拌到均匀。这时温度下降到低于100℃。接着在搅拌下加入347.8g的去离子水,并搅拌到达均匀。
从反应容器中分离出约700g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣(为了进行该测量,在循环干燥箱中的10cm的铝蒸发舟中于105℃下干燥1~2g上述制备出的聚合物溶液约1.5小时)为48.0重量%,布氏粘度为3.25Pas(用转轴6的布氏RVT型粘度计以20r.p.m.转速于22℃下测定)。
实施例2a(本发明)
以类似于实施例2的程序处理下列物料量:
186.3g(22mmol)的聚乙二醇E 8000(Dow Chemical公司的聚乙二醇;羟基数=13)
9.9g(53mmol)的2-丁基-1-辛醇
12.9g(53mmol)的间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯
0.05g的1,8-二氮杂-二环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(Nitroil公司)
127.1g的Dehydol 04 deo
317.7g的去离子水。
从反应容器中分离出约640g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣为48.6重量%。
所得聚合物溶液的粘度为3.25Pas。
实施例2b(本发明)
以类似于实施例2的程序处理下列物料量:
165.7g(19mmol)的聚乙二醇E 8000(Dow Chemical公司的聚乙二醇;羟基数=13)
10.8g(58mmol)的2-丁基-1-辛醇
12.9g(53mmol)的间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯
0.05g的1,8-二氮杂-二环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(Nitroil公司)
114.1g的Dehydol 04 deo
285.2g的去离子水。
从反应容器中分离出约570g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣为48.9重量%。
所得聚合物溶液的粘度为3.0Pas。
实施例2c(本发明)
以类似于实施例2的程序处理下列物料量:
207.1g(24mmol)的聚乙二醇E 8000(Dow Chemical公司的聚乙二醇;羟基数=13)
13.6g(73mmol)的2-丁基-1-辛醇
17.2g(71mmol)的间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯
0.05g的1,8-二氮杂-二环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(Nitroil公司)
143.7g的Dehydol 04 deo
359.2g的去离子水。
从反应容器中分离出约720g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣为48.3重量%。
所得聚合物溶液的粘度为3.75Pas。
实施例2d(本发明)
以类似于实施例2的程序处理下列物料量:
434.9g(50mmol)的聚乙二醇E 8000(Dow Chemical公司的聚乙二醇;羟基数=13)
37.6g(202mmol)的2-丁基-1-辛醇
39.5g(162mmol)的间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯
0.11g的1,8-二氮杂-二环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(Nitroil公司)
330.3g的Dehydol 04 deo
825.8g的去离子水。
在该情况下,残余异氰酸酯在2小时反应时间后不再可检出。
从反应容器中分离出约1650g的粘性透明微黄的聚合物溶液。
该干残渣为48.2重量%。
所得聚合物溶液的粘度为2.25Pas。
分散体增稠效果的测定
将0.2%的按上述实施例所得的各聚合物活性物质(按无Dehydol 04的活性物质计算)用0.41g由31.4重量%的丙二醇和68.6重量%的水组成的混合物匀质化。
之后,加入20g的水性的聚丙烯酸酯分散体Neocryl XK 90(45%固含量;Neo Resins),用木质刮勺将该混合物搅匀约2分钟。
静置20小时后重新用木质刮勺仔细搅匀。
用具有球C50-1的布氏球板粘度计Haake RC 20-CPS-P在300s-1的剪切速率和4800s-1的剪切速率下测定粘度。
用具有测量球C的埃氏(Epprecht)球板粘度计在10000s-1剪切速率下剖定ICI粘度。
以同样的方法以具有球C50-1的布氏球板粘度计Haake RC 20-CPS-P在300s-1的剪切速率和4800s-1的剪切速率下测定在水性的乙烯基乙酸酯-乙烯-共聚物分散体Mowilith LDM 1871(53%固含量;Clariant)中聚氨酯的增粘效果。
所得粘度值列于表1和2。该表的第一栏示出各作为HEUR增稠剂使用的聚合物活性物质,表的第二到第五拦简要示出各增稠剂的结构参数(其值取自上述实施例)。
表1
表2
结论
其表明,用本发明制备的聚氨酯总体上实现了明显改进的增稠效果。
Claims (9)
1.增稠剂,其基于非离子性的、可在水中分散的或在水中溶解的聚氨酯的水性制剂,该聚氨酯通过下述的反应得到:
(a)一种或多种亲水性多元醇,该多元醇每分子含至少两个OH-基和至少两个选自官能团-O-(醚基)和-COO-(酯基)的官能团,该亲水性多元醇的分子量至少为300,
(b)一种或多种每分子具有至少一个泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的疏水化合物,该疏水化合物的分子量为100~500,并且该疏水化合物的每个分子含至少一个直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的具有至少5个相连的C原子的烷基链,其中所述C原子不连接杂原子,并且(c)一个或多个至少是双官能团的异氰酸酯,
其特征在于,该化合物a)、b)和c)以当量比即OHa)∶ZHb)∶NCOc)为1∶(1+x)∶2(1+y)相互反应,其要满足下列条件:
·x是0.05~1.2范围内的数,并且
·y是(0.2~1.05)x范围内的数;
其中,
式OHa)表示化合物a)的伯OH基;
式ZHb)表示化合物b)的具有泽列维季诺夫活泼氢原子的对于NCO-基呈反应性的官能团;和
式NCOc)表示化合物c)的异氰酸酯基。
2.权利要求1的增稠剂,其中组分(a)选自分子量为1000~15000聚乙二醇。
3.权利要求1或2的增稠剂,其中组分(b)选自含6~24个碳原子的脂肪醇。
4.权利要求1~3任一项的增稠剂,其中组分(c)选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯。
5.增稠剂浓缩物,其包含:
(A)水,
(B)权利要求1~4任一项的非离子性的、在水中可分散或在水中可溶的聚氨酯,并且
(C)任选地一种或多种有机溶剂和/或非离子性表面活性剂,所述非离子性表面活性剂的类型是由环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷与含8-18个C-原子的醇的加成化合物。
6.权利要求1~4任一项的增稠剂在增稠乳胶漆中的应用。
7.权利要求1~4任一项的增稠剂在增稠水性分散体中的应用。
8.权利要求7的应用,该水性分散体是化妆制剂。
9.权利要求7的应用,该水性分散体是清洁剂和涂料。
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DE102004008015A1 (de) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-09-08 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verdickungsmittel für Polyurethanbasis |
-
2004
- 2004-07-01 DE DE102004031786A patent/DE102004031786A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-06-22 WO PCT/EP2005/006743 patent/WO2006002813A2/de active Application Filing
- 2005-06-22 CA CA2571306A patent/CA2571306C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-22 CN CN2005800224209A patent/CN1980968B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-22 EP EP05746591A patent/EP1765900B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2005-06-22 ES ES05746591T patent/ES2354078T3/es active Active
- 2005-06-22 US US11/630,069 patent/US8334357B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-22 DE DE502005010345T patent/DE502005010345D1/de active Active
- 2005-06-22 JP JP2007519661A patent/JP4977018B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4079028A (en) * | 1975-10-03 | 1978-03-14 | Rohm And Haas Company | Polyurethane thickeners in latex compositions |
US4079028B1 (zh) * | 1975-10-03 | 1990-08-21 | Rohm & Haas | |
CN1334277A (zh) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-06 | 欧莱雅 | 新型阳离子缔合聚氨酯及其作为增稠剂的应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2008505232A (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
DE502005010345D1 (de) | 2010-11-18 |
US8334357B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
EP1765900A2 (de) | 2007-03-28 |
CA2571306A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
ES2354078T3 (es) | 2011-03-09 |
CN1980968A (zh) | 2007-06-13 |
JP4977018B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
CA2571306C (en) | 2013-02-12 |
WO2006002813A2 (de) | 2006-01-12 |
WO2006002813A3 (de) | 2006-06-08 |
EP1765900B1 (de) | 2010-10-06 |
US20080108775A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
DE102004031786A1 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
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