CN1971663A - Dry type manufacturing method of animal specimen - Google Patents
Dry type manufacturing method of animal specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN1971663A CN1971663A CN 200610098133 CN200610098133A CN1971663A CN 1971663 A CN1971663 A CN 1971663A CN 200610098133 CN200610098133 CN 200610098133 CN 200610098133 A CN200610098133 A CN 200610098133A CN 1971663 A CN1971663 A CN 1971663A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dry type making method for animal specimen that includes six steps: collecting material, reshaping antisepsis fix and tube cavity cast, alcohol dewatering fix, glycerol process, turpentine impregnation and air drying, material repairing tinction preservation or seal up for keeping. Thereinto, in step 1, the animal material is bleed and killed via health quarantine, in step 2, potting it with the formalin with colorless glycerin and phenol or alcohol solution, in step 3, controlling the concentration of every step and fixed time, in step 4, marinating it with glycerol moisture absorption soften liquid, and transfer it from low concentration to high concentration of glycerin, and the time is prolonged gradually, in step 5, treating it with turpentine continually, in step 6, printing it. The invention improves the present technique, the quality of specimen is improved greatly, and that can keep the original state of material, the color and the luster. The dried specimen is sanitation without peculiar smell, and good at handle and quality.
Description
(1) technical field:
The present invention relates to the method for making of a kind of anatomic teaching, especially a kind of dry type making method of zoological specimens with zoological specimens.
(2) background technology:
Often need to use the anatomic teaching sample in the teaching such as biology, medical science.
The anatomic teaching sample has following several method for making according to the difference of the material of animal self:
1, traditional formalin infuse method.Various materials are soaked in preservation in the formalin solution.Be suitable for various materials, comprise muscle, organ, fur, bone.2, skeleton specimen facture: bury method, the bleaching of chemicals degreasing method, dry with boiling method, hole.Be suitable for bone.3, peeling sample method.Be suitable for fur.4, alcohol, glycerine infuse method.Various materials are soaked in preservation in alcoholic solution, the glycerite.Be suitable for various materials.5, plasticizing preparation of specimen method: inject muscle, intraorganic tube chamber with colored pigment, with surrounding tissue with the chemicals transparence.Be suitable for having muscle, the organ of tube chamber.Show the tube chamber of muscle, organ emphatically.
The most normal employing is to preserve the anatomic teaching sample with the dipped into formalin method, promptly preserve the anatomic teaching sample as preservative fluid with 4～8% formalins, being about to material is immersed in 4～8% the formalin solution all the time, when needing to use, turn over cylinder in advance and take out the sample that is submerged in the pond, after 2～3 days, can use.
The weak point of dipped into formalin method is: 1, because formaldehyde can constantly volatilize, need just should to add formalin solution every some times and replenish.2, formaldehyde odor contaminated air, formalin solution contact human body skin have erosion action, and be unhygienic.3, use inconvenience, need turn over cylinder in advance and take out.4, tissue elasticity is poor, and muscle is pale stiff.
In the prior art, Wang Ronglin etc. disclose zoological specimens dry type making method (2004 the 10th phases, 57-58), it mainly may further comprise the steps for Wang Ronglin etc., Sichuan animal and veterinary:
1, raw-material preparation and processing
Zoological specimens material to be made is comprised animal and stripped internal organs,, carries out shallow-layer muscle respectively and separate that coloured plastics material blood vessel casting etc., material are treated fixing the making through after the rough handling according to the teaching needs of its anatomic construction.
2, material is fixed, dehydration and glycerine handles
After the organ excess tissue removed, organ is placed on the desired positions that can keep its intrinsic shape.Fix organ with 78 degree alcoholic solutions or formalin.The later dehydration of alcohol that increases gradually with concentration is selected one again and is selected for use terebinthina or glycerine to be handled to form.When fixing very large material,, preferably fill with blood vessel with impregnating fluid simultaneously to material in order to soak into better.Also available injecting method injects impregnating fluid in the tissue of organ.In the glycerine treatment step, material is dipped in 1-2 week in the mixed liquor of glycerine and water (1: 1), progressively improve the glycerine degree of preserving in the liquid later on.After 1-2 month, again sample is relayed and is stored in the concentrated glycerin.
For animal blood vessels dry type sample, handled with genuine turpentine oil behind the dehydration of alcohol, then, material is taken out from genuine turpentine oil, fill with air, loft dried gets final product under the room temperature.
3, shelve or plastic packaging is preserved
After animal organ's dry type oil system sample is made, put into the transparent paper bag of moulding with camphor ball, extract gas in the bag out, plastic packaging is preserved.
After animal disjunctor dry type oil system sample is made, separate, dry in the shade, shelve, brush varnish, through air-dry forming of a few days.
The dry type oil system sample made from said method has certain elasticity, makes the restriction that is not subjected to natural conditions; Be specially adapted to the making of hog and isolated organ anatomic teaching dry type sample; Also can be used for the development of disjunctor material muscle, internal organ, nervus vasculairs anatomic teaching dry type sample.The advantage of its more traditional dipped into formalin method is: 1, easy to use, available at any time.2, impression is good.Dry type that said method is made oil system sample is glossy, color is arranged, do and not withered, profit and wet, natural shape.3, the sample health has no irritating odor.
But still exist following weak point:
1, quarantine through animal health in the material end of Zhun Beiing, and the quality of material can not get guaranteeing;
2, coloured plastics material blood vessel casting, blood vessel darker in color or not obvious are directly used through the bloodletting processing in the material end;
3, material directly is soaked in 4-8% formaldehyde or 78 degree alcoholic solution internal fixation, and material antiseptic is thorough inadequately, easily moldy metamorphism;
4, end, the drying back of material is through the air-dry processing of mopping, and the exsiccata surface lacks the different ignorant protective seam of moistureproof embedding, easily moldy metamorphism.
Said method needs further improvement.
(3) summary of the invention:
The present invention aims to provide the dry type making method of the better zoological specimens of a kind of preservation effect.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The dry type making method of zoological specimens, it may further comprise the steps:
1, the collection of animal and internal organ material:
At first, animal material is carried out health status health quarantine, should select the bodily form normal, the healthy animal that physique is very thin after bloodletting causes death, is dissected processing immediately, teaching needs collection material according to anatomic construction comprises whole animal, animal disjunctor internal organs material or local material, whole muscle, internal organ, nervus vasculairs material, remove unnecessary tissue, carry out shallow-layer muscle and separate, the internal organs content is removed in preliminary washing, until cleaning, be immersed in the pond stand-by.
2, shaping, anticorrosion fixing and tube chamber casting mold
With each posture of shaping appliance immobilization material, colourless glycerine of adding and phenol are formulated as anti-corrosion stationary liquid in formalin or alcoholic solution, with this anti-corrosion stationary liquid above-mentioned animal and internal organs material are poured into, the perfusion number of times is decided according to the material size, up to large pipeline no collapsing phenomenon in interval time.After the perfusion, needs are carried out the sample of blood vessel casting, the coloured plastics material material solution for preparing is in advance carried out animal blood vessels coloured plastics material casting mold fast.
Above-mentioned anti-corrosion stationary liquid can be by the formulated anti-corrosion stationary liquid of the colourless glycerine 1000ML+1.5% of 10% formalin 1000ML+10% phenol 150ML+ water 7850ML or formulated by the colourless glycerine 1000ML+2% of 77.8 degree alcohol 780ML+10% phenol 200ML+ water 8020ML.
Above-mentioned coloured plastics material material solution can be prepared voluntarily, as selects colourless import ABS plastic particle 150-200g and acetone soln 850-800ML for use, and is warm in warm water's bath, adds an amount of colored pigment as required, stirs warm forming with glass rod.Carry out in the time of can being heated to 75-84 ℃ during casting mold.Certainly, also can select for use other plastics of characteristics such as suitable flowability, heat distortion temperature to prepare voluntarily.
3, alcohol dewaters fixing step by step:
Inserted for the first time in the 80 degree alcoholic solutions fixedly 4-7 days, the alcoholic solution that increases gradually with concentration is fixed later on, each 3-5 days, measure the concentration of alcoholic solution simultaneously every day with vinometer, improve fixing alcoholic solution concentration gradually, until alcoholic solution is 100%, puts into dry lime in case of necessity.
In order to prevent the volatilization of alcohol, guarantee the concentration of alcohol, available joint filling material is sealed the alcoholic solution container that holds.
4, the soft and moist liquid step-by-step processing of glycerine moisture absorption:
The soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of the different glycerol concentrations that at first are mixed with colourless glycerine, phenol and water is stand-by; In the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of each model; Glycerol concentration does not wait from 45-99% respectively; Phenol concentration is reduced to 1% with the rising of glycerol concentration gradually from 2%; At first material is immersed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of low glycerol concentration; Soak time 1-2 week; Shift gradually later the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of paramount glycerol concentration; Soak time also prolongs gradually; It is last until to relay 99% glycerine all with the soft and moist liquid 5-7 of glycerine moisture absorption that 1% phenol is mixed with
5, the terebinthina infuse is air-dry with suspension
The material that to handle well through the excessive concentrations dehydrating glycerin is transferred to terebinthina and continues infuse, after 5-7 days, animal material is hung, and places shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying under the room temperature condition.
6, described sample is after above-mentioned steps 5 is air-dry, carries out also that materials repairing and shaping are painted, mopping and air-dry processing, shelves, shaping, joins cover and preserve or mould paper and seal up for safekeeping.
The inventive method dry type making method more of the prior art has been done following improvement:
In preparation of step 1 material and the processing, the present invention: 1, adopt the material of quarantining through animal health, the quality of assurance product, the while can be reflected normal morphology, structure and the characteristics of zootomy exsiccata, has prolonged the holding time of sample; 2, material casting mold after bloodletting can make blood vessel fully pour into, and the blood vessel color was both obvious, and was glossy again.
During step 2 material shape was fixing, the present invention adopted the formalin that adds colourless glycerine and phenol or alcoholic solution as anti-corrosion stationary liquid, not only plays fixation, and glycerine wherein can obtain soft and moist effect, and phenol has stronger anti-corrosive properties.
Particularly, employing is by the formulated anti-corrosion stationary liquid of the colourless glycerine 1000ML+1.5% of 10% formalin 1000ML+10% phenol 150ML+ water 7850ML or by the formulated anti-corrosion stationary liquid of 77.8 degree alcohol 780ML+10% colourless glycerine 1000ML+2% phenol 200ML+ water 8020ML, pour into, anticorrosion, fixing and soft and moist effect is preferable, can guarantee the best in quality of material, be difficult for moldy metamorphism later on.
During step 3 alcohol dewaters step by step, not clear and definite alcohol substep dewatering time in the prior art, or easily cause dehydration not enough, or easily cause material dehydration that material shape is changed, and surperficial shrinkage distortion, the quality of back sample is made in influence.The present invention goes out desirable alcohol substep dewatering time by a large amount of practical explorations, being about to material is immersed in the alcohol-pickled liquid of 80 degree, first dehydration 4 ~ 7 days → material is relayed in the alcohol-pickled liquid of 85 degree, dewatered 3 ~ 5 days, → relay again dewatered 3 ~ 5 days in the alcoholic solutions that continue dehydration 3 ~ 5 days → material is relayed 100 degree in the alcohol-pickled liquid of 95 degree after, change over to and continue in the glycerine soak solution to handle; Solved the problem that dehydration is not enough and dehydration is excessive preferably, material dehydration was both more thorough, and material surface is the pucker-free metaboly again.
In the step-by-step processing of the soft and moist liquid of step 4 glycerine moisture absorption, the present invention uses the colourless glycerine of 45-55 part earlier, 2 parts of liquid phenol, surplus is that water is mixed with soft and moist liquid processing material 1-2 week of glycerine moisture absorption, again material is immersed in successively by 65 parts of colourless glycerine, 33 parts of water and 2 parts of soft and moist liquid 2-3 weeks of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, by 75 parts of colourless glycerine, 23.5 part water and 1.5 parts of soft and moist liquid 2-4 weeks of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, by 85 parts of colourless glycerine, 13.5 part water and 1.5 parts of soft and moist liquid 3-5 weeks of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, by 95 parts of colourless glycerine, 4 parts of water and 1 part of soft and moist liquid 4-6 week of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption that is mixed with by 99 parts of colourless pure glycerins and 1 part of liquid phenol, processed 5-7 week.
In the step 5, continue with terebinthina processing and air-dry,
In the step 6, carry out mopping and handle.
The advantage of above steps shows as follows respectively:
One, uses the material of quarantining, guaranteed the fine quality of material through animal health;
Two, the back blood vessel casting is handled in bloodletting, and blood vessel is fully poured into, and can more clearly reflect normal morphology, structure and the characteristics of animal dry type dissec, no remaining foreign matter in the blood vessel, and the blood vessel color was both obvious, and was glossy again; Simultaneously, after the arteria carotis injection of material, has stronger anticorrosion, fixing and soft and moist effect with the anti-corrosion stationary liquid of preparing in the material;
Three, the assurance of the concentration of dehydration of alcohol and time makes material dehydration more thorough, material surface pucker-free metaboly; Use the joint filling material good airproof performance, the alcohol volatilization is few, and the drying quality of material might as well; The use of dry lime improves the make efficiency of alcohol, has economized cost of manufacture;
Four, the assurance in the composition of the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption, concentration and processing time makes the complete sucking-off of moisture in the material structure and becomes dryingly, makes the existing soft and moist and elasticity of sample, and color light pool effect is arranged again; Simultaneously, contain phenol in the soft and moist liquid of moisture absorption, antisepsis is arranged;
Five, with handling 2-3 week with colourless genuine turpentine oil again after the glycerine processing, both can accelerate air-dry degree, and can make the sample appearance of making seem more true to nature, honorable bright again;
Six, material drying after through the air-dry processing of mopping, sample is difficult for moldy metamorphism.
The present invention improves prior art from many places, and specimen quality is significantly improved, and can keep the original form of material, color, glossy is arranged.Sample health free from extraneous odour after drying, feel, quality are all fine.
Advantage of the present invention is verified by following experiment:
One, experiment material
1.1 raw material: fresh livestock and poultry material, animal stripped internal organs, animal disjunctor internal organs and internal organs material;
1.2 auxiliary material: 10%, 40% formalin solution, alcoholic strength is respectively 75 degree, 77.5 degree, 80 degree, 85 degree, 95 degree, the alcoholic solution of 100 degree, concentration is respectively 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, 95%, 100% colourless glycerite, concentration is respectively 1%, 1.5%, 2% phenol solution, colourless terebinthina solution, by ABS plastic particle 150-200g and acetone soln 850-800ML and bright red, chrome yellow, the coloured plastics material solution that the oil colour of color such as sky blue is made into, (1 part of 40% formalin solution and 2 parts of potassium permanganate or 75% DDT EC, evaporation boiler, hot pot stove) space fumigation equipment, the 20-50ML syringe, the 18-32 thick needle, warm water's bath, unslaked lime is dissected utensil, the material processed case, basin, vinometer etc.;
1.3 packing protective materials: tubular paper bag, plastic packaging machine, camphor naphthalene ball, tag board, sample underframe, organic specimen jar, transparent organic glass cover, clear, colorless varnish, painting brush and the protective articles etc. moulded.
Two, experimental technique:
According to prior art and method of the present invention (on seeing, no longer repeating), make step by step, and in time be analyzed respectively at this
Three, experimental result comparative analysis:
Table (one) art methods and the inventive method
Selection, bloodletting, anticorrosion fixedly contrast evaluation
| Project | Art methods | The inventive method |
| The collection of animal material | Without the unusual spoil of health quarantine, directly reduce the quality of material. | Through the normal animal material of animal health Quarantine Check, fresh, the blood vessel casting of drawing materials is convenient, and quality of materials is good. |
| The animal material arterial blood letting | Material does not just carry out blood vessel casting through bloodletting, savings has the abundant residues foreign matter in the blood vessel, make the glue color deepening of blood vessel casting, even not obvious. | After the bloodletting thoroughly of material process animal carotid artery, can make colouring plastic perfusion abundance in the lumen of vessels with coloured plastics material glue blood vessel casting, especially little vascular arborization not slightly capillary can both be irritated foot, and the glue color behind the blood vessel casting is shinny, obvious. |
| Attitude is fixed | The only inner or outer list processing (LISP) of single immobile liquid, attitude is fixing complete inadequately; | Mixed stationary liquid is handled through whole body and appearance double fixed, sample profile wrinkle true to nature, no, non-modification, fully fixing; |
| The vascular morphology branch | Arterial is handled without bloodletting, and colouring plastic liquid skewness in the blood vessel, blood vessel are not empty slightly; | Arterial lumen is through bloodletting and the anticorrosion fixedly processing of whole body, blood vessel not slightly colouring plastic liquid be evenly distributed, vascular arborization is complete; |
| Mould the casting color | The remaining foreign matter of savings in the blood vessel, blood vessel casting color blackout, deepening, blood vessel are not obvious; | It is sufficient that no foreign matter is moulded casting in ABS plastic particle, oil colour and the blood vessel, and the glue color of blood vessel casting is obvious, bright-colored, the glue look even, blood vessel is clear attractive in appearance; |
| Gloss and elasticity | Sample easily decolours, matt, nonelastic, quality extreme difference. | Mix anti-corrosion stationary liquid and include colourless glycerine and have soft and moist apparent light action, sample have color, glossy, flexible, quality is good. |
| Organoleptic quality | Single anticorrosion fixing only through inside and outside single processing, the sample feel is poor, easy infested, poor quality; | Mix anticorrosion fixing through whole body and the dual processing of appearance, sample good hand touch, strong, insect-free, the quality better of intuitive; |
Table (two) art methods and the inventive method dehydration of alcohol sensory evaluation scores
| Item compared | Material antiseptic | Attitude is fixed | The vascular morphology branch | Mould the casting color | Gloss and elasticity | Organoleptic quality |
| Art methods | 55 | 76 | 48 | 57 | 26 | 54 |
| The inventive method | 99 | 98 | 94 | 85 | 87 | 93 |
Table (three) art methods and the inventive method dehydration of alcohol contrast evaluation
| Project | Art methods | The inventive method |
| Spin cycle | Be not sure and change liquid time and spin cycle, make the moisture of sample the inside be difficult to take off clearly; | Inserted for the first time in the 80 degree alcoholic solutions fixedly 4-7 days, the alcoholic solution that increases gradually with concentration is fixed later on, each 3-5 days, and, make the interior moisture of sample can take off dried with the variation before and after the vinometer quantitative check spin cycle; |
| The alcohol utilization factor | Make alcohol utilize rate variance, waste greatly; | Choose the dry lime piece and put into sucking-off excessive moisture in the alcoholic solution that used recovery, can dewater again and utilize again again; |
| Form and peculiar smell | The stiff compression deformation of sample, corrupt peculiar smell is arranged; | True, the N/R corrupt smell of sample natural shape; |
| Drying degree | The alcohol volatilization is many, drying poor; | With layer 2-3 plastic paper housing mouth, alcoholic solution volatilizees less, dewatering drying is complete on the dehydration of alcohol case; |
| Grade estimation | The sample cost is big, dehydration is not enough, of poor quality. | Few, drying effective, the quality of sample raw materials cost. |
Table (four) art methods and the inventive method dehydration of alcohol sensory evaluation scores
| Project | The alcohol utilization factor | Form and peculiar smell | Drying degree | Grade estimation |
| Existing method scoring | 74 | 67 | 83 | 69 |
| The inventive method scoring | 98 | 93 | 95 | 97 |
Table (five) art methods and the inventive method glycerine are handled the contrast evaluation
| Item compared | Art methods | The inventive method |
| Gloss, play tough and anticorrosion | Handle with single glycerine, its gloss difference, lack malleable, antiseptic effect is very poor; | With the progressively drying in an orderly manner processing respectively of the soft and moist mixed liquor of the glycerine moisture absorption of variable concentrations, moisture is sucked out fully and is become dry by tide, the gloss of sample, malleable and antiseptic effect all the sample each side than former are good; |
| Smell and dried profit degree | Unusual corrupt smell is arranged, and the drying and soft and moist effect of sample is all relatively poor; | Do not have unusual odor, sample is done and not withered, profit and wet; |
| The sense organ brief comment | Drying, environmental protection, the feel quality of material are all very poor; | Material is drying fully, glossy, color is arranged, malleable is arranged, no abnormal smell, environmental protection are good, never degenerate, hand feeling quality is good; |
The soft and moist sensory evaluation scores of glycerine moisture absorption in table (six) art methods and the inventive method
| Project relatively | Gloss, play tough and anticorrosion | Smell and dried profit degree | General comment |
| Art methods | 57 | 72 | 65 |
| The inventive method | 97 | 96 | 98 |
(5) embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Dry type is made the air-dry sample method of whole animal glycerine, mainly may further comprise the steps:
1. the collection of animal material:
Earlier animal material is carried out health status health quarantine, select the bodily form normal, the superseded domestic animal that physique is very thin.The arteria carotis depletion method causes death, and dissects processing immediately, according to the teaching needs collection material of anatomic construction, removes unnecessary tissue, carries out shallow-layer muscle and separates, and preliminary washing to cleaning, is immersed in the pond stand-by.
2, shaping, anticorrosion fixing and tube chamber casting mold:
A whole animal sample at first will carry out peeling to be separated, and accomplishes to give prominence to the key points as showing muscle, blood vessel, nerve.Before making, should design a scheme, decide what to use, in manufacturing process, can accomplish to know what's what like this.When making whole muscle specimen, can not excise four limbs, but will extract chest, abdominal viscera, fill the abdominal cavity, sew up stomach wall, profile is kept perfectly.Generally can a side show shallow-layer muscle, opposite side shows muscle and deep.Should note in the making: be careful during peeling, particularly prepare to show that side of shallow-layer flesh, note keeping nervus cutaneus and venae subcutaneae.Will peel off epimysium during separating muscle, to demonstrate myofibrillar direction, cutter wants fast during stripping, along the machine direction stripping, avoids fluffing.In order to show muscle and deep, must cut-out shallow-layer flesh.During excision shallow-layer muscle, at first to separate the boundary line of shallow-layer flesh and deep layer flesh, excise shallow-layer flesh then.Excision shallow-layer flesh can remove from the starting point to the stop fully, also can remove a part as required.Be careful during excision, do not injure deep layer flesh; After the whole-body muscle separation finishes, promptly begin to extract internal organ.At first from the xiphoid trailing edge to the pubis leading edge, along the hunter's line open abdomen, take out earlier abdominal viscera (cutting off oesophagus at the hiatus esophageus of diaphragm place), cut diaphragm again, take out thoracic cavity internal organs (before the tracheae bifurcated, cutting off oesophagus and tracheae).Ponding is discharged in water flushing chest, abdominal cavity then, is sprinkled into camphor powder.Should keep organ complete during taking internal organ, these organs are materials of making the internal organs dry preserved specimen that exsomatizes.After extracing internal organ,, should do a back up pad with five-ply board, the back up pad support between lumbar vertebrae and stomach wall, is sewed up stomach wall then by the shape of abdominal cavity section in order to keep the stomach wall form; For the separation of preferably standing of large and medium-sized integral animal material, can the several people operate simultaneously like this.In order to prevent the sample drying, once do not denude during peeling, by the order of separating, stripping a bit separates a bit.Can separate trunk earlier, then head, neck, four limbs.For the ease of operation, can cut skin from back of the body median line, from top to bottom shell, to keep a part of skin when shelling the head natural hole.Four limbs can cut skin by the outside.To keep the animal tube chamber casting mold coloured plastics material branch trend in the cortex vein during peeling.If in the time of will doing the air-dry sample of the glycerine of integral animal muscle and internal organs disjunctor, generally show whole body shallow-layer muscle in a side, opposite side shows whole body internal organs, local muscle, blood vessel and nerve, profile also will be kept perfectly, after the animal muscle sample should being separated, do some thoroughly finishing processing again, blood stains on the water flush away sample and unclean thing, with the fixing position of nervus vasculairs of pin, remove all useless residual meat, fat, musculus cutaneus and refuses with disscting instrument.
Fresh animal material is through after the bloodletting, and is of flaccid muscles, can not keep stance, therefore, adjust the height of animal, with being ready to animal shaping appliance (material processed case, basin, Baoding rope etc.) fixing limbs, head, each posture of neck respectively.Surrounding animal chest and belly with rope hangs on the post grid head is lifted.With suitable the slinging of afterbody, make rear quarters lift form and fix, to keep the hind leg posture.
Be mixed with two groups of anti-corrosion stationary liquids with the colourless glycerine 1000ML+1.5% of 10% formalin 1000ML+10% phenol 150ML+ water 7850ML and the colourless glycerine 1000ML+2% of 77.8 degree alcohol 780ML+10% phenol 200ML+ water 8020ML, and be respectively charged in two groups of well-buckets, respectively animal is poured into.Be filled into the lip, ear, the limb bottom, front and back that touch corpse with hand, until reaching certain rigidity always.
It is warm in warm water's bath to add colourless import ABS plastic particle 150g in the 850ml acetone soln, adds an amount of colored pigment as required, warm with the glass rod stirring, is mixed with the warm coloured plastics material of animal tube chamber casting mold.Carry out casting mold when being heated to 75 ℃.
At first clear up the open texture and the fat of animal organ's blood vessel periphery during casting mold, the blood vessel or the pipeline that expose organ are long more than 1 centimetre.Check then to have or not clot or secretion to stop up in the pipeline, carefully press from both sides out with tweezers, and extrusion gently, the liquid feed of leaving in the tube chamber is discharged, otherwise can influence perfusion effect.Also available warm saline injects from arterial end, and flushing is dehematized, the moisture of extruding out gently again.Isolated blood vessel or pipeline are enclosed within on corresponding thick, the elongated 5 centimetres glass tube, and the glass-tube two ends should be fired a thin neck in advance, and the glass-tube other end puts suitable emulsion tube, and all tighten with bonnet cotton at the glass-tube two ends; With the glass syringe perfusion, be easy to perception by piston during perfusion and annotated the ducted pressure of organ, can control injection volume, avoid causing pipeline breaking because of hypertonia.When beginning to pour into, press in ducted for a short time, glue can comparatively fast inject, and when groundwater increment is added gradually, presses also in the pipeline to increase, and promptly should slowly inject, and massages organ with hand gently along the direction of pipeline simultaneously, and glue is evenly distributed along pipeline.When feeling that syringe piston pushes away when motionless, promptly should suspend perfusion, otherwise pipeline is burst, this moment, available hemostatic forceps was clamped emulsion tube, and after the syringe of backing off, can repeat perfusion once every 2 hours, up to large pipeline no collapsing phenomenon in interval time, perfusion just can be finished.In order to shorten the tubes of material cavity casting mold time, can be after once repeating perfusion, place water-bath to heat the sample material to 70 ℃, to quicken the acetone volatilization, keep like this about 1 hour, organ is taken out leave standstill a few hours again, treat that acetone vapors away fully, large pipeline is full and be after the solid sense, enters next step.
3, alcohol dewaters step by step:
, be immersed in the 80 degree dehydration of alcohol soak solutions through animal blood vessels casting mold and the material handled well of finishing above-mentioned, dewatered for the first time 4 days, then material was relayed in 85% the alcohol-pickled liquid 3 days, carry out processed.Change in 90% the alcohol-pickled liquid 3 days later on over to.Again material was relayed in 95% the alcoholic solution 3 days, again material was relayed in 100% the alcoholic solution 3 days, change next step again over to and continue to handle.
In the said process, measure the concentration of alcoholic solution with vinometer every day, makes regular check on the dehydration hardening situation of internal organs, according to the size of material volume, and the thickness degree, the height of room temperature is suitably finely tuned the time of dewatering with effect.Put into dry lime sucking-off excessive moisture in case of necessity.Note will getting well with two layers of plastic paper joint filling material treatment box, material takes the time and the supervision time will lack.
5, glycerine step-by-step processing:
At first use colourless glycerine, the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of the following different glycerol concentrations that phenol and water are mixed with is stand-by, in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of each model, glycerol concentration does not wait from 45-99% respectively, phenol concentration is reduced to 1% with the rising of glycerol concentration gradually from 2%, and phenol concentration and glycerol concentration are respectively in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of each model: 45% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, 65% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, 75% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol, 85% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol, 95% colourless glycerine and 1% phenol, 99 parts of pure glycerins and 1 part of liquefied carbolic acid.
At first material is immersed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 45% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, is handled after 1 time-of-week, next carries out processed after 2 weeks in material being changeed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of putting into 65% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol.Use the same method material is taken out, continue 3 weeks of dehydration in relaying in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 75% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol respectively, then relay and continue dehydration in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 85% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol, after material process 3 weeks of dehydration, relay material in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 95% colourless glycerine and 1% phenol respectively again and the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 100% colourless glycerine and 1% phenol 100% in continue to dewater, dewatered for 5 weeks at every turn.
6, the terebinthina infuse is air-dry with suspension
The material that to handle well through the excessive concentrations dehydrating glycerin is transferred to terebinthina and continues infuse, continues the infuse humectation that adds lustre to.After 5 days, animal material is hung, place shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying under the room temperature condition.After 3 days, terebinthina volatilizees substantially, and the air-dry zoological specimens of glycerine complete like this.
7, described sample is after above-mentioned steps 6 is air-dry, carries out that materials repairing and shaping are painted, mopping and air-dry processing, shelves, shaping, joins cover and preserve or mould paper and seal up for safekeeping.
Materials repairing and shaping: after zoological specimens are air-dry,, do some materials finishing remedial efforts again by original plan minute inspection one time.When materials repairing is handled, damaged blood vessel, nerve, muscle or internal organ are repaired.Repairing artery can peg graft with the plastic tube of suitable diameter; It is bonding to repair neural available flaxen fiber; Muscle, internal organ and vein can subsidize with numb paper.Subsidize with bonding better with the multi-purpose adhesive effect.General wipe unclean thing on the air-dry sample of glycerine gently with cleaning the shredded dried bean curd cotton waste, also can blow away glycerine air-dry sample surface and inner dust with bellows earlier, use the careful grooming of polishing-shoes brush then, soak a little colourless terebinthina with dry gauze at last whole sample is embrocated one time.During the shaping of ear tail, carefully wipe dirt on the animal dodds away, use the comb combing neat then with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol.Adjust the natural spirit attitude on animal body with articles for use such as galvanized wire, thick wrapping paper, the pins that circles round, the natural expression of raising before the animal ear just often, lifting behind the tail be can show better, pluck organ, blood vessel, neural form, position and construction features reflected.
Painted, mopping and air-dry processing: in order to make the sample each several part more eye-catching, usually blood vessel, nerve and part internal organs again go up different new gorgeous colors.The painted oil colour of using, general artery coating Red; The vein blue wash; Neural coating white or yellow.After painted the getting well, need to do 2～5 days, can paint.Generally, generally to brush 2～3 times with water white varnish brushing, each too not thick, brush for the second time again after the varnish-drying first.Be long preservation, annual available clear, colorless varnish brushes the air-dry zoological specimens of glycerine 1-2 time, or with 2-3 pesticide of surface spray of the air-dry zoological specimens of glycerine, and after drying.For intermittent drizzles in the rainy season make moist infestedly season, can adopt the interior space to fumigate the insect protected method.As to select 40% formalin for use be 1 to 1 consumption than water, presses 15-25ML/ rice
3Ratio, pour in the evaporation boiler, be placed on the hot pot stove warm after, closed door and window 3-5 days, opened again door and window 2-3 days, space Dong that the descendant can enter Dong's steam room steams method to wait flavour of a drug to disperse.Can also with 75% drip to drip fear missible oil fumigating system, pour into and add little water in the evaporating dish dripping fear missible oil when stifling, place on the brandreth, after dividing into device such as hot pot stove and putting well, hot pot stove is lighted, the people leaves away at once, closes door and window, opens door and window after 4～7 days.Treat that the flavour of a drug descendant that disperses is allowed for access indoor.Annual when have adult to fly out for 6～August, fumigating effect is best.After the japanning of the air-dry sample of animal glycerine is handled, be put in cool place, ventilation, dry place and allow its natural air drying, wait to seal up for safekeeping after about 5-7 days.
Shelve, shaping, join cover and preserve or mould paper and seal up for safekeeping:, be ready to wood seat base plate and animal support and be convenient to install according to the existing size of zoological specimens.If the complete total preparation of four limbs, also can economize and use the animal support, on animal limb hoof, punch, nail inserts in the animal foot muscle with No. 8 lead bullion silks on wood seat base plate, is connected and fixed with the animal body, carrying out the natural posture moulding handles, labelled, the organ title of the air-dry zoological specimens of demonstration glycerine, numbering, value, making date etc., place in the plexiglass tent.And protect and do mothproofly putting some camphor naphthalene balls in the zoological specimens plexiglass tent, can preserve in the space for a long time like this.
Embodiment 2:
Pluck sample dry type making method mainly may further comprise the steps:
1. the collection of material and rough handling:
Earlier animal material is carried out health status health quarantine, select the bodily form normal, the superseded domestic animal that physique is very thin.The arteria carotis depletion method causes death, and dissects processing immediately, collects the internal organ material according to the teaching needs of anatomic construction, removes unnecessary tissue, carries out shallow-layer muscle and separates, and preliminary washing to cleaning, is immersed in the pond stand-by.
2, shaping, anticorrosion fixing and tube chamber casting mold:
Add an amount of coloured Chinese painting colors with 2 parts of grey scrap rubber sheets and 8 parts of acetone solutions, warm through the 80 degree left and right sides molten to spare into the coloured plastics material glue standby.
It is standby to be formulated as anti-corrosion stationary liquid with the colourless glycerine 1000ML+2% of 77.8 degree alcohol 780ML+10% phenol 200ML+ water 8020ML.
The open texture and the fat of cleaning animal organ blood vessel periphery, the blood vessel or the pipeline that expose organ are long more than 1 centimetre.Check then and have or not clot or secretion to stop up in the pipeline, carefully press from both sides out with tweezers, and extrusion gently, the liquid feed of leaving in the tube chamber is discharged, isolated pipeline is enclosed within on corresponding thick, the elongated 5 centimetres glass tube, pour into above-mentioned anti-corrosion stationary liquid, can comparatively fast inject when beginning to pour into,, should slowly inject when groundwater increment is added gradually, massage organ with hand gently along the direction of pipeline simultaneously, glue is evenly distributed along pipeline.When feeling that syringe piston pushes away when motionless, promptly should suspend perfusion, can repeat perfusion every 4 hours, up to large pipeline no collapsing phenomenon in interval time, pour into and just can finish.
After the perfusion, the coloured plastics material glue for preparing is in advance carried out animal blood vessels coloured plastics material casting mold fast.
3, alcohol dewaters step by step:
With the material that animal blood vessels casting mold finishing is handled well, be immersed in the 80 degree dehydration of alcohol soak solutions, dewatered for the first time 7 days, then material was relayed in 85% the alcohol-pickled liquid 5 days, carry out processed.Change in 90% the alcohol-pickled liquid 5 days later on over to.Again material was relayed in 95% the alcoholic solution 5 days, again material was relayed in 100% the alcoholic solution 5 days, change over to again and continue in the glycerine soak solution to handle.
In the said process, measure the concentration of alcoholic solution with vinometer every day, makes regular check on the dehydration hardening situation of internal organs, according to the size of material volume, and the thickness degree, the height of room temperature is suitably finely tuned the time of dewatering with effect.Note will getting well with 3 layers of plastic paper joint filling material treatment box, material takes the time and the supervision time will lack, and then the alcoholic solution volatilization is also few; Put into dry lime sucking-off excessive moisture in case of necessity, change at last in the glycerine soak solution.
4, glycerine step-by-step processing:
At first the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of the different glycerol concentrations that are mixed with colourless glycerine, phenol and water is stand-by, in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of each model, phenol concentration and glycerol concentration are respectively: 55% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, 65% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, 75% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol, 85% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol, 95% colourless glycerine and 1% phenol, 99 parts of pure glycerins and 1 part of liquefied carbolic acid.
At first material is immersed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 55% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, after 2 weeks, in changeing material in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of putting into 65% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, after 3 weeks, material is taken out, continue 4 weeks of dehydration in relaying in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 75% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol respectively, then relay and continue dehydration in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 85% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol, after material process 4 weeks of dehydration, respectively material is relayed 7 weeks in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 95% colourless glycerine and 1% phenol again, relay at last in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption that 99 parts of pure glycerins and 1 part of liquefied carbolic acid be mixed with and continue 7 weeks of dehydration.
In order to handle the pluck organa parenchymatosum better with the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption, can directly in the essence of these organs, inject the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption with syringe in advance additionally, the lung of handling with glycerine, the basic elasticity that can keep lung tissue, and can in its chamber, give artificial expansion with the method for squeezing into air.After stopping to process of expansion, lungs can automatically shrink.Viewed at that time sight is quite as respiratory movement that live body produced.
5, the terebinthina infuse is air-dry with suspension
The material that to handle well through the excessive concentrations dehydrating glycerin is transferred to terebinthina and continues infuse, continues the infuse humectation that adds lustre to.After 7 days, animal material is hung, place shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying under the room temperature condition.After 5 days, the air-dry zoological specimens of glycerine are finished.
6, described sample air-dry after, carry out that materials repairing and shaping are painted, mopping and air-dry processing, shelve, shaping, join cover and preserve or mould paper and seal up for safekeeping.
Materials repairing and shaping: after zoological specimens are air-dry,, do some materials finishing remedial efforts again by original plan minute inspection one time.When materials repairing is handled, damaged blood vessel, nerve, muscle or internal organ are repaired.
Painted, mopping and air-dry processing: a same embodiment of method.
Shelve, shaping, join cover and preserve or mould paper and seal up for safekeeping: the air-dry sample of pluck organ glycerine that exsomatizes is placed in the plexiglass tent.It is dried mothproof, labelled to put some camphor naphthalene balls guarantors in plexiglass tent, the organ title of the air-dry zoological specimens of demonstration glycerine, numbering, value, making date etc., and can preserve in the space for a long time like this.Also can be encapsulated in transparent tube moulds in the paper bag, with simple and easy pump bowl the tubular air of moulding in the paper bag is taken out, mould the paper bag mouth folding after, be put in and mould the close sack of envelope on the paper jointing machine, labelled board, and dated sample numbering, title, value and making date etc., deposit in the specimen holder of ventilation, drying, cleaning, can use for amateurish study of teachers and students and last class hour.
Embodiment 3:
Dry type is made the air-dry sample method of whole animal glycerine, and is the same with embodiment 1, comprises following 6 steps equally:
1, the collection of animal and internal organ material:
2, shaping, anticorrosion fixing and tube chamber casting mold
3, alcohol dewaters fixing step by step:
4, the soft and moist liquid step-by-step processing of glycerine moisture absorption:
5, the terebinthina infuse is air-dry with suspension
6, painted, mopping and air-dry processing of materials repairing and shaping, shelve, shaping, join cover and preserve or mould paper and seal up for safekeeping
Except different with embodiment 1 with the lower part, remaining is then identical:
In the step 2, anti-corrosion stationary liquid can be formulated by the colourless glycerine 1000ML+2% of 80 degree alcohol 780ML+10% phenol 200ML+ water 8020ML.
The coloured plastics material material solution is with colourless import ABS plastic particle 200g and acetone soln 800ML, and is warm in warm water's bath, adds an amount of colored pigment as required, stirs warm formulated with glass rod.Carry out in the time of can being heated to 84 ℃ during casting mold.
In the step 3, insert for the first time in the 80 degree alcoholic solutions and fix 5 days, the alcoholic solution that increases gradually with concentration is fixed later on, and each 4 days, improve fixing alcoholic solution concentration later on gradually, be 100% until alcoholic solution.
In the step 4, the composition and the processing time of the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of each model are respectively: earlier material is immersed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 52% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, after 10 days, in changeing material in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of putting into 65% colourless glycerine and 2% phenol, after 15 days, in relaying in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 75% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol, relay after 20 days in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 85% colourless glycerine and 1.5% phenol and continue to dewater, after 25 days, material was relayed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 95% colourless glycerine and 1% phenol dehydration 30 days, and material was relayed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of 99% colourless glycerine and 1% phenol and continue to dewater 35 days.
In the step 5, the material that will handle well through the excessive concentrations dehydrating glycerin is transferred to terebinthina and continues infuse, after 6 days animal material is hung, and places shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying under the room temperature condition.
The present invention improves prior art from many places, comprises, in the step 1, animal material causes death through health quarantine and bloodletting, in the step 2, pours into the formalin or the alcoholic solution that add colourless glycerine and phenol, in the step 3, the concentration and the set time in each step of control are in the step 4, soak with the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption, and shift gradually the paramount glycerol concentration, also corresponding prolongation gradually of time from low concentration, in the step 5, continuation is handled with terebinthina and is air-dry, in the step 6, carries out mopping and handles.The specimen quality that the inventive method is made is significantly improved, and can keep the original form of material, color, glossy is arranged.Sample health free from extraneous odour after drying, feel, quality are all fine.
This instructions can make those skilled in the art need not pay creative work after reading can to reveal again.In addition, it is pointed out that under inventive concept of the present invention, the present invention has multiple form of implementation, and according to the size of sample, the numerical value in the method can suitably be finely tuned, this reads those skilled in the art and need not pay creative work behind this instructions and can reveal again, has not just described in detail at this.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of dry type making method of zoological specimens may further comprise the steps:
(1), the collection of animal and internal organ material:
At first, animal material is carried out health status health quarantine, should select the bodily form normal, the healthy animal that physique is very thin after bloodletting causes death, is dissected processing immediately, teaching needs collection material according to anatomic construction comprises whole animal, animal disjunctor internal organs material or local material, whole muscle, internal organ, nervus vasculairs material, remove unnecessary tissue, carry out shallow-layer muscle and separate, the internal organs content is removed in preliminary washing, until cleaning, be immersed in the pond stand-by;
(2), shaping, anticorrosion fixing and tube chamber casting mold
With each posture of shaping appliance immobilization material, colourless glycerine of adding and phenol are formulated as anti-corrosion stationary liquid in formalin or alcoholic solution, with this anti-corrosion stationary liquid above-mentioned animal and internal organs material are poured into, the perfusion number of times is decided according to the material size, up to large pipeline no collapsing phenomenon in interval time; After the perfusion, needs are carried out the sample of blood vessel casting, carry out animal blood vessels coloured plastics material casting mold fast with the coloured plastics material material solution;
(3), alcohol dewaters fixing step by step:
Inserted for the first time in the 80 degree alcoholic solutions fixedly 4-7 days, the alcoholic solution that increases gradually with concentration is fixed later on, each 3-5 days, measure the concentration of alcoholic solution simultaneously every day with vinometer, improve fixing alcoholic solution concentration gradually, until alcoholic solution is 100%, puts into dry lime in case of necessity;
(4), the soft and moist liquid step-by-step processing of glycerine moisture absorption:
At first use colourless glycerine, the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of the different glycerol concentrations that phenol and water are mixed with is stand-by, in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of each model, glycerol concentration does not wait from 45-99% respectively, phenol concentration is reduced to 1% with the rising of glycerol concentration gradually from 2%, at first material is immersed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of low glycerol concentration, soak time 1-2 week, be transferred to gradually in the higher soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption of glycerol concentration later, soak time is also corresponding to prolong gradually, at last 5-7 week in relaying the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption that 99% glycerine and 1% phenol is mixed with;
(5), the terebinthina infuse is air-dry with suspension
To be transferred to terebinthina and continue infuse through the good material of last step process, after 5-7 days, animal material is hung, place shady and cool ventilation place natural air drying under the room temperature condition;
(6), carry out materials repairing after air-dry and shaping is painted, mopping and air-dry processing, shelve, shaping, join cover and preserve or mould paper and seal up for safekeeping.
2, the dry type making method of a kind of zoological specimens according to claim 1 is characterized in that: anti-corrosion stationary liquid described in the step (2) is formulated by the colourless glycerine 1000ML+1.5% of 10% formalin 1000ML+10% phenol 150ML+ water 7850ML.
3, the dry type making method of a kind of zoological specimens according to claim 1 is characterized in that: anti-corrosion stationary liquid described in the step (2) is formulated by the colourless glycerine 1000ML+2% of 77.8 degree alcohol 780ML+10% phenol 200ML+ water 8020ML.
4, the dry type making method of a kind of zoological specimens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: coloured plastics material material solution described in the step (2) is with colourless import ABS plastic particle 150-200g and acetone soln 850-800ML, warm in warm water's bath, add an amount of colored pigment as required, stir warm forming with glass rod, carry out when being heated to 75-84 ℃ during casting mold.
5, the dry type making method of a kind of zoological specimens according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the alcoholic solution container that holds in the step (3) is sealed with joint filling material.
6, the dry type making method of a kind of zoological specimens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during described step (3) alcohol dewaters step by step, earlier material is immersed in the alcohol-pickled liquid of 80 degree, first dehydration 4 ~ 7 days, again material is relayed in the alcohol-pickled liquid of 85 degree, dewatered 3 ~ 5 days, and relayed again in the 95 alcohol-pickled liquid of spending and continue dehydration 3 ~ 5 days, material is relayed in 100 alcoholic solutions of spending dewatered 3 ~ 5 days again.
7, the dry type making method of a kind of zoological specimens according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step-by-step processing of the soft and moist liquid of described step (4) glycerine moisture absorption, earlier with the colourless glycerine of 45-55 part, 2 parts of liquid phenol, surplus is that water is mixed with soft and moist liquid processing material 1-2 week of glycerine moisture absorption, again material is immersed in successively by 65 parts of colourless glycerine, 33 parts of water and 2 parts of soft and moist liquid 2-3 weeks of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, by 75 parts of colourless glycerine, 23.5 part water and 1.5 parts of soft and moist liquid 2-4 weeks of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, by 85 parts of colourless glycerine, 13.5 part water and 1.5 parts of soft and moist liquid 3-5 weeks of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, by 95 parts of colourless glycerine, 4 parts of water and 1 part of soft and moist liquid 4-6 week of glycerine moisture absorption that liquid phenol is mixed with, at last material is immersed in the soft and moist liquid of glycerine moisture absorption that is mixed with by 99 parts of colourless pure glycerins and 1 part of liquid phenol processed 5-7 week.
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