CN104872109A - Preparation method of animal specimen - Google Patents
Preparation method of animal specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN104872109A CN104872109A CN201510277731.5A CN201510277731A CN104872109A CN 104872109 A CN104872109 A CN 104872109A CN 201510277731 A CN201510277731 A CN 201510277731A CN 104872109 A CN104872109 A CN 104872109A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an animal specimen. The method comprises the following steps: (1) treating a specimen material: selecting an animal dying naturally as the specimen material, stuffing cotton in the nares, oral cavity and anus of the animal, carrying out cryopreservation after ventilation cooling, and after 6-7 hours, taking the animal out and naturally unfreezing the animal; (2) carrying out taxidermy which comprises chest taxidermy, leg taxidermy, tail taxidermy, back wing taxidermy, neck and sole taxidermy and head taxidermy; (3) preparing the taxidermal animal into a model: sculpturing a cystosepiment into a 1: 1 prosthesis flesh model, supporting the wing skeleton, tail and two legs with lead wires, smearing antisepic medicine on the inner side of the hide, fixing lead wires on the head skeleton to tie up the neck, and fixing the lead wires on the neck and the lead wires on the wings and the legs on the prosthesis; (4) dressing the model: restoring the original ecological appearance, and placing the dressed model at a shady, cool and ventilated place. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, capable of maintaining the original ecological appearance of the animal specimen, high in specimen quality, free of peculiar smell, and prolongs the service life of the specimen material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to zoological specimens manufacture technology field, particularly relate to a kind of preparation method of zoological specimens.
Background technology
Often need to use anatomic teaching sample in the teaching such as biology, medical science.Anatomic teaching sample has preparation methods several as follows according to the difference of the material of animal self: one, traditional formalin infuse method: various material is soaked in preservation in formalin solution, is suitable for various material, comprise muscle, organ, fur, bone.Two, skeleton specimen facture: bury method, the bleaching of chemicals degreasing method with boiling method, hole, dry, be suitable for bone.Three, peeling sample method: be suitable for fur.Four, alcohol, glycerine infuse method: various material is soaked in preservation in alcoholic solution, glycerite, is suitable for various material.Five, preparation of specimen's method is plastified: inject muscle, intraorganic tube chamber with colored pigment, by surrounding tissue with chemicals transparence, be suitable for the muscle, the organ that there are tube chamber, show emphatically the tube chamber of muscle, organ.
The weak point of said method is: 1, production environment requires high, and complex manufacturing process is not easy to operate.2, skin and the outside organization of sample material is easily damaged.3, the poor stability of sample material, is easily out of shape under external force.4, tissue elasticity is poor, and muscle is pale stiff.5, have peculiar smell, the service life of sample material shortens.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of zoological specimens, this method is simple to operation, and keep the ecosystem form of zoological specimens, sample quality is high, free from extraneous odour, extends the service life of sample material.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A preparation method for zoological specimens, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) sample material is processed: cotton, as sample material, is filled in the nostril of animal, oral cavity and anus, freezen protective after ventilating and cooling, takes out nature and thaw after 6 ~ 7 hours by the animal choosing natural death;
(2) decorticating: comprise chest decorticating, leg decorticating, afterbody decorticating, back wing decorticating, the decorticating of neck sole and head process;
(3) make shaping: go out prosthese and human body 1:1 model with cystosepiment sculpture, with two thin galvanized wires as wing skeleton, medium size galvanized wire support tail, large size galvanized wire supports two legs, by antiseptic uniform application inside hide; Tie up wing and leg, make skull prototype with sculpture clay, ocular prosthesis fixed by pin, leads is fixed on skull and ties up neck, neck leads and wing leg leads are fixed on prosthese, below tail and between tail feathers, insert the angle that U-iron silk adjusts tail, sew up;
(4) shaping: plume, adjustment wing and gait, reduction ecosystem form, details is placed on shady and cool ventilation place after repairing.
In described step (2), specifically comprise:
Described chest decorticating: separately chest chaeta, by the skin alcohol swab wiped clean of keel to anal orifice, skin is scratched with scalpel, with tweezers, skin and muscle are separated, linking of skin and muscle is opened with handle of a knife thruster, peel off towards anal orifice, paste one deck newspaper in the inner side of peeling off skin and absorb water and grease;
Described leg decorticating: hide is peeled off to leg, bends gently and makes knee bend towards the edge of a knife, catch shin bone scissors to cut the muscle of knee joint peripheral, from the knee joint section of cutting after knee exposes;
Described afterbody decorticating: animally will turn over the skin peeled off around tail, totally exposes tail bone scissors by muscle rejecting and cuts off, peel off the muscle of tail bone dorsal part;
Described back wing decorticating: the skin upwards peeling off back, peels the grease on hide off with knife face, until wing root exposes, peeling off the skin around crop, until shell logical with the skin peeled off, after wing exposes with wing dorsal part, wing portion bone is peeled, cuts off the humerus near shoulder joints;
Described neck sole decorticating: upwards stripping shear cuts off neck at skull place, skin and flesh is separated, and chooses the pin muscle in sole, chooses the muscle on wing, removes the grease on hide with degreasing machine;
Described head process: skull is climbed over neck, by skin stripping to earhole, separates duct position with hand, down shells to feather and corners of the mouth line of demarcation through eyes, cleaned out by each for skull soft tissue muscle eyes.
In described step (3), described antiseptic is made up of the material of following mass percent:
Boric acid 25 ~ 28%, Sodium Benzoate 10 ~ 15%, alum 20 ~ 30%, the efficient chlorophos 0.3 ~ 0.6% of import, pure camphor 15 ~ 18%, natural soap powder 11 ~ 16%.
Compared with prior art, the embodiment of the present invention at least has the following advantages:
In the embodiment of the present invention, by process sample material → decorticating → make shaping → shaping, simplify the flow process that zoological specimens make, the fresh of sample material is added by freezen protective, decorticating process engineering is reasonable, sample material skin and outside organization is avoided to damage, make the stability that formative stage ensure that sample material, not yielding after shaping, according to the ecosystem experiment material sample material of animal, make sample material more unity of form and spirit, ensure that original color and luster, antiseptic is smeared inside hide, the zoological specimens free from extraneous odour produced, extend the service life of sample material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
A preparation method for zoological specimens, comprises the following steps:
(1) sample material is processed: cotton, as sample material, is filled in the nostril of animal, oral cavity and anus, freezen protective after ventilating and cooling, takes out nature and thaw after 6 ~ 7 hours by the animal choosing natural death;
(2) decorticating: comprise chest decorticating, leg decorticating, afterbody decorticating, back wing decorticating, the decorticating of neck sole and head process;
(3) make shaping: go out prosthese and human body 1:1 model with cystosepiment sculpture, with two thin galvanized wires as wing skeleton, medium size galvanized wire support tail, large size galvanized wire supports two legs, by antiseptic uniform application inside hide; Tie up wing and leg, make skull prototype with sculpture clay, ocular prosthesis fixed by pin, leads is fixed on skull and ties up neck, neck leads and wing leg leads are fixed on prosthese, below tail and between tail feathers, insert the angle that U-iron silk adjusts tail, sew up;
(4) shaping: plume, adjustment wing and gait, reduction ecosystem form, details is placed on shady and cool ventilation place after repairing.
Further, in step (2), specifically comprise:
Chest decorticating: separately chest chaeta, by the skin alcohol swab wiped clean of keel to anal orifice, skin is scratched with scalpel, with tweezers, skin and muscle are separated, linking of skin and muscle is opened with handle of a knife thruster, peel off towards anal orifice, paste one deck newspaper in the inner side of peeling off skin and absorb water and grease;
Leg decorticating: hide is peeled off to leg, bends gently and makes knee bend towards the edge of a knife, catch shin bone scissors to cut the muscle of knee joint peripheral, from the knee joint section of cutting after knee exposes;
Afterbody decorticating: animally will turn over the skin peeled off around tail, totally exposes tail bone scissors by muscle rejecting and cuts off, peel off the muscle of tail bone dorsal part;
Back wing decorticating: the skin upwards peeling off back, peels the grease on hide off with knife face, until wing root exposes, peeling off the skin around crop, until shell logical with the skin peeled off, after wing exposes with wing dorsal part, wing portion bone is peeled, cuts off the humerus near shoulder joints;
Neck sole decorticating: upwards stripping shear cuts off neck at skull place, skin and flesh is separated, and chooses the pin muscle in sole, chooses the muscle on wing, removes the grease on hide with degreasing machine;
Head process: skull is climbed over neck, by skin stripping to earhole, separates duct position with hand, down shells to feather and corners of the mouth line of demarcation through eyes, cleaned out by each for skull soft tissue muscle eyes.
Also comprised before step (2), get out all decorticating instruments and articles for use: disposable medical gloves, medical mask, operating scissors, shear, scalpel, suture, needle, tweezers, bone-cutting forceps, newspaper, absorbent cotton, alcohol swab, galvanized wire, cystosepiment, polyurethane foams, each pliers.
In step (3), antiseptic is made up of the material of following mass percent:
Boric acid 25 ~ 28%, Sodium Benzoate 10 ~ 15%, alum 20 ~ 30%, the efficient chlorophos 0.3 ~ 0.6% of import, pure camphor 15 ~ 18%, natural soap powder 11 ~ 16%.
Preferably, antiseptic prescription, is made up of by mass percentage following composition:
Preferably, the present invention is mainly used in the making of birds sample.
Below for Peacock specimen, zoological specimens preparation method of the present invention is described in detail:
(1) process sample material: after obtaining the Peacock specimen material of a natural death, should be careful cotton is filled in oral cavity, nostril anus, ventilate and allow corpse cool, and freezen protective as soon as possible, nature can be taken out after freezing 6 ~ 7 hours and thaw.
(2) decorticating:
Chest decorticating: faced upward by peacock corpse and be put on table top, separately chest feather, expose the skin wanting opening, keel, to the skin alcohol swab wiped clean of anal orifice, scratch skin with scalpel.Scratch rear tweezers skin and muscle separately, open linking of skin and muscle with handle of a knife thruster, peel off towards anal orifice.One deck newspaper is pasted in order to absorb water and grease in the inner side of peeling off skin.
Leg decorticating: hide is peeled off to leg, bend gently and make knee bend towards the edge of a knife, catch shin bone scissors to cut the muscle of knee joint peripheral after knee exposes, from the knee joint section of cutting, opposite side makes to use the same method.
Afterbody decorticating: leg animally will turn over the skin carefully peeled off around tail after peeling off, totally exposes tail bone scissors by muscle rejecting and cuts off, peel off the muscle of tail bone dorsal part.
Back wing decorticating: continue the skin upwards peeling off back, peel the grease on hide off, until wing root exposes, then peel off the skin around crop along band knife face, until shell logical with wing dorsal part with the skin peeled off.After wing exposes, wing portion bone is peeled, see that the tip scissors of humerus is cut off near the humerus of shoulder joints, the same the method for another wing.
Neck sole decorticating: continue upwards to peel off neck and cut off neck to skull shear at skull place, skin and flesh is separated, and chooses the pin muscle in sole, chooses the muscle that wing participates in, and removes the grease on hide with degreasing machine.
Head process: slowly skull is climbed over neck, by skin stripping to earhole, carefully separates duct position with hand, continues down to arrive eyes, to feather and corners of the mouth line of demarcation, is cleaned out by each for skull soft tissue muscle eyes.
(3) make shaping: the model first going out a 1:1 prosthese and the human body with cystosepiment sculpture, the galvanized wire of two thin number is as the skeleton of wing, the galvanized wire of medium size is for supporting tail, and the galvanized wire of large size is used for the support of two legs, by antiseptic uniform application inside hide.
Tie up wing and leg, the prototype of skull is recovered with sculpture clay, load onto ocular prosthesis pin fixing near the eyes, leads is fixed on skull and ties up neck, neck leads and wing leg leads are fixed on prosthese, insert U-iron silk below tail and between tail feathers for adjusting the angle of tail, and finally sew up.
(4) shaping: model is moved on bench clamp and plume, adjustment wing and gait, reduction ecosystem form, neck is curved the form in design, whole observation details is repaired, and works are placed on shady and cool ventilation place and place, a perfect Peacock specimen completes.
Compared with prior art, the embodiment of the present invention at least has the following advantages:
In the embodiment of the present invention, by process sample material → decorticating → make shaping → shaping, simplify the flow process that zoological specimens make, the fresh of sample material is added by freezen protective, decorticating process engineering is reasonable, sample material skin and outside organization is avoided to damage, make the stability that formative stage ensure that sample material, not yielding after shaping, according to the ecosystem experiment material sample material of animal, make sample material more unity of form and spirit, ensure that original color and luster, antiseptic is smeared inside hide, the zoological specimens free from extraneous odour produced, extend the service life of sample material.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (3)
1. a preparation method for zoological specimens, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) sample material is processed: cotton, as sample material, is filled in the nostril of animal, oral cavity and anus, freezen protective after ventilating and cooling, takes out nature and thaw after 6 ~ 7 hours by the animal choosing natural death;
(2) decorticating: comprise chest decorticating, leg decorticating, afterbody decorticating, back wing decorticating, the decorticating of neck sole and head process;
(3) make shaping: go out prosthese and the human body 1: 1 model with cystosepiment sculpture, with two thin galvanized wires as wing skeleton, medium size galvanized wire support tail, large size galvanized wire supports two legs, by antiseptic uniform application inside hide; Tie up wing and leg, make skull prototype with sculpture clay, ocular prosthesis fixed by pin, leads is fixed on skull and ties up neck, neck leads and wing leg leads are fixed on prosthese, below tail and between tail feathers, insert the angle that U-iron silk adjusts tail, sew up;
(4) shaping: plume, adjustment wing and gait, reduction ecosystem form, details is placed on shady and cool ventilation place after repairing.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), specifically comprises:
Described chest decorticating: separately chest chaeta, by the skin alcohol swab wiped clean of keel to anal orifice, skin is scratched with scalpel, with tweezers, skin and muscle are separated, linking of skin and muscle is opened with handle of a knife thruster, peel off towards anal orifice, paste one deck newspaper in the inner side of peeling off skin and absorb water and grease;
Described leg decorticating: hide is peeled off to leg, bends gently and makes knee bend towards the edge of a knife, catch shin bone scissors to cut the muscle of knee joint peripheral, from the knee joint section of cutting after knee exposes;
Described afterbody decorticating: animally will turn over the skin peeled off around tail, totally exposes tail bone scissors by muscle rejecting and cuts off, peel off the muscle of tail bone dorsal part;
Described back wing decorticating: the skin upwards peeling off back, peels the grease on hide off with knife face, until wing root exposes, peeling off the skin around crop, until shell logical with the skin peeled off, after wing exposes with wing dorsal part, wing portion bone is peeled, cuts off the humerus near shoulder joints;
Described neck sole decorticating: upwards stripping shear cuts off neck at skull place, skin and flesh is separated, and chooses
Go out the pin muscle in sole, choose the muscle on wing, remove the grease on hide with degreasing machine;
Described head process: skull is climbed over neck, by skin stripping to earhole, separates duct position with hand, down shells to feather and corners of the mouth line of demarcation through eyes, cleaned out by each for skull soft tissue muscle eyes.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), described antiseptic is made up of the material of following mass percent:
Boric acid 25 ~ 28%, Sodium Benzoate 10 ~ 15%, alum 20 ~ 30%, the efficient chlorophos 0.3 ~ 0.6% of import, pure camphor 15 ~ 18%, natural soap powder 11 ~ 16%.
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| CN201510277731.5A CN104872109B (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2015-05-27 | A kind of manufacture method of zoological specimens |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105632313A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-01 | 昆山周庄鸿峰生命奥秘博物馆有限公司 | Preparation method of lizard specimen |
| CN106070183A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-09 | 卞陆杰 | The manufacture method of zoological specimens |
| CN107818722A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-20 | 彭水县苗镞部落孔雀养殖有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Peacock specimen |
| CN109003524A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-14 | 大连鸿峰生物科技有限公司 | Production method without bone muscle specimen |
| CN110024774A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-19 | 安庆师范大学 | A kind of production method of pigeon skinned-specimen |
| WO2020046103A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | Gomez Arzapalo Varnier Johan | Entomological taxidermy method for reinforcing the exoskeleton of beetles and reducing the fragility of a specimen for the subsequent use thereof in decorative applications |
| CN111634147A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-09-08 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Method for making toad feather picture |
| CN111816045A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-23 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Method for manufacturing high-simulation specimen of medicinal plant |
| CN111919833A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-13 | 大连鸿峰生物科技有限公司 | Whale dolphin tail fin specimen manufacturing method and device |
| CN113925048A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-14 | 北京大学 | Animal specimen ear and animal specimen and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN116250525A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-06-13 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Small-sized mammal peeling specimen safe preservative and preparation method thereof |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 李辉等: ""大型鸟类生态标本制作技术"", 《四川动物》 * |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105632313A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-01 | 昆山周庄鸿峰生命奥秘博物馆有限公司 | Preparation method of lizard specimen |
| CN106070183A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-09 | 卞陆杰 | The manufacture method of zoological specimens |
| CN107818722A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-20 | 彭水县苗镞部落孔雀养殖有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Peacock specimen |
| CN110024774A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-19 | 安庆师范大学 | A kind of production method of pigeon skinned-specimen |
| CN109003524A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-14 | 大连鸿峰生物科技有限公司 | Production method without bone muscle specimen |
| CN109003524B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-05-04 | 大连鸿峰生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing skeletal muscle specimen |
| WO2020046103A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | Gomez Arzapalo Varnier Johan | Entomological taxidermy method for reinforcing the exoskeleton of beetles and reducing the fragility of a specimen for the subsequent use thereof in decorative applications |
| CN111634147A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-09-08 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Method for making toad feather picture |
| CN111816045A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-23 | 重庆市中药研究院 | Method for manufacturing high-simulation specimen of medicinal plant |
| CN111919833A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-13 | 大连鸿峰生物科技有限公司 | Whale dolphin tail fin specimen manufacturing method and device |
| CN113925048A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-14 | 北京大学 | Animal specimen ear and animal specimen and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN116250525A (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-06-13 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Small-sized mammal peeling specimen safe preservative and preparation method thereof |
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