CN109003524B - Method for preparing skeletal muscle specimen - Google Patents
Method for preparing skeletal muscle specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN109003524B CN109003524B CN201810846757.0A CN201810846757A CN109003524B CN 109003524 B CN109003524 B CN 109003524B CN 201810846757 A CN201810846757 A CN 201810846757A CN 109003524 B CN109003524 B CN 109003524B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09B23/36—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for zoology
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a skeletal muscle specimen, which comprises the following steps: selecting an object; peeling the skin; dissecting; stripping of muscles, nerves and blood vessels; dehydrating, degreasing and resin impregnating; preparing a muscle specimen; repairing, curing and cleaning. The invention gets rid of the limit of mutual attachment of bones and muscles, can be independently displayed and moved respectively, and saves the cost of raw materials; the display number and content of the single raw material preparation specimen are enriched; the autologous skeleton and muscle of the same specimen can be simultaneously, deeply, intuitively and completely displayed, the anatomical structure and the position-adjacent in-vitro display effect of the skeleton and the muscle of the same individual are realized, and the anatomical structure and the functional relationship are more intuitive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological specimen preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a skeletal muscle-free specimen.
Background
In the existing technology for splitting and preparing specimens of vertebrates in the same body, a conventional splitting mode can only split 1-2 independent bodies of the same vertebrate, the splitting mode limits the specific structure of each layer of the vertebrate and the adjacent relation among the layers, and simultaneously limits a certain survival state of the vertebrate in survival. That is, 1-2 separate specimens separated from the same vertebrate can only display the characteristics of a certain 1-2 anatomical hierarchical structures and the survival action forms of 1-2 vertebrates in a limited way, but cannot display all the characteristics of the anatomical hierarchical structures and the survival action forms of a plurality of vertebrates.
For the preparation of the muscle and nerve blood vessel specimen, the prior art adopts a vertebrate skeletal muscle combination mode, namely, the vertebrate specimen supports autologous muscle from autologous skeleton to display the anatomical characteristics of the skeleton and muscle and nerve blood vessel; when displaying the anatomical structure, although the muscles can be completely displayed, the bones can only display about ten to fifteen percent; the display cannot be in-depth and intuitive, and the relationship between the internal skeleton and the corresponding muscle structure is incomplete, such as: bony landmarks, deep muscle and bone affiliations, etc.; if the skeleton of the body is completely displayed, the muscle can not be supported according to the original anatomical structure. If contrast display is needed, in conventional manufacturing, the contrast of different individuals of the same kind is completed, the anatomical structure of the same individual cannot be accurately displayed, the body specimen (musculoskeletal) and the contrast specimen (musculoskeletal) are not fit and misled, such as size mismatch, morphology mismatch or structural variation, and the raw material requirement is excessive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a skeletal muscle-free specimen, which solves the problems that the specimen split in the same body in the prior art has more requirements on raw materials, inaccurate anatomical structure display and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for preparing a skeletal muscle specimen comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting an object to be processed;
secondly, peeling the skin;
thirdly, dissecting the object to be treated after the skin is stripped so as to display the whole shallow layer;
and fourthly, stripping of muscles, nerves and blood vessels: the muscles are completely stripped layer by layer along the muscle starting and stopping points on the surface of the skeleton in the sequence of the superficial layer and the deep layer, and a certain connection relationship is kept between the muscles of each layer; the blood vessels and nerves are cut off at the emitting end and remain on the muscles; all structures of muscles, nerves and blood vessels stripped from bones are clear in anatomy, and certain connection relations are kept among the muscles, the blood vessels and the nerves;
fifthly, dehydrating and degreasing each part obtained by stripping in the step four, and impregnating resin;
sixthly, preparing a muscle specimen:
manufacturing the bone-free internal support prosthesis: shooting and measuring bones and recording corresponding size data; shooting and measuring the deep layer and the superficial layer of the muscle and recording corresponding size data;
making an internal frame structure of a main body part by using a first rod body by referring to the bone size data and the muscle size data, simulating the bone shape of a processing object and muscle attachment points on the surface of the bone, including a head part, a trunk part and four limb parts, and setting action shapes;
the second rod body penetrates through the muscle along the walking direction of the muscle, and the second rod body is fixed on the inner frame body by simulating the layers of the muscle, the nerve and the blood vessel;
fixing the nerves and blood vessels on the surface of the muscle;
and seventhly, repairing the specimen obtained in the sixth step, and then curing and cleaning.
Further, in the second step, in the skin peeling process, the body tangent line is along the abdominal median line, namely from the forefront end of the lower lip to the farthest tail end of the tail; the front limb tangent line is along the axillary fold to the inner side of the front limb end, and the back limb tangent line is along the innermost side of the groin to the inner side of the back limb end;
separated along each tangent edge to the back until complete peeling.
Furthermore, the inner frame body is provided with a plurality of triangles formed by connecting the first rod bodies;
the fixed connection point positions of the inner frame body comprise a skull base position, a 7 th cervical vertebra position, a 12 th thoracic vertebra position, a 5 th lumbar vertebra position, a pelvis position, a costal joint position, a rib joint position, a shoulder joint position, an elbow joint position, a wrist joint position, a metacarpophalangeal joint position, a hip joint position, a knee joint position, an ankle joint position and a metacarpophalangeal joint position.
Further, in the sixth step, the nerves and blood vessels on the surface of the muscle are fixed by glue and steel wires.
Further, the first rod body and the second rod body are stainless steel rods, iron rods, copper rods or high-strength plastic rods.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention gets rid of the limit of mutual attachment of bones and muscles, can be independently displayed and moved respectively, and saves the cost of raw materials; the display number and content of the single raw material preparation specimen are enriched; the autologous skeleton and muscle of the same specimen can be simultaneously, deeply, intuitively and completely displayed, the anatomical structure and the position-adjacent in-vitro display effect of the skeleton and the muscle of the same individual are realized, and the anatomical structure and the functional relationship are more intuitive.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for preparing a skeletal muscle specimen in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting an object to be processed; in the embodiment, giant pandas are taken as an example, one giant panda dead naturally is selected, the body length of the giant panda is 130cm, and the weight of the giant panda is 150 kg.
Secondly, skin stripping: the skin of the subject to be treated is peeled off intact. In the skin peeling process, the body tangent line is along the abdominal median line, namely from the foremost end of the lower lip to the rearmost end of the tail; the front limb (arm) tangent line is along the axillary fold to the inner side of the front limb end, and the back limb (leg) tangent line is along the innermost side of the groin to the inner side of the back limb end; separated along each tangent edge to the back until complete peeling. Skin peeling is required to ensure integrity and continuity.
And thirdly, dissecting the object to be treated after the skin is peeled off to display the whole shallow layer including muscles, nerves, blood vessels and other biological structures, such as glands and the like.
And fourthly, stripping of muscles, nerves and blood vessels: the muscles are completely stripped layer by layer along the muscle starting and stopping points on the surface of the skeleton in the sequence of the superficial layer and the deep layer, and a certain connection relationship is kept between the muscles of each layer; especially when taking care of the free muscles (deep, short, small), care should be taken not to damage the bone surface and its connective ligaments when stripping. The blood vessels and nerves are cut off at the emitting end and remain on the muscles; all structures of muscles, nerves and blood vessels stripped from bones are clearly dissected, certain connection relations among the muscles, the blood vessels and the nerves are kept, excessive dissection is not performed, the problem of tissue dissociation is prevented, and the muscles, the blood vessels and the nerves of all layers are kept in an original state as a whole as far as possible.
Fifthly, dehydrating and degreasing each part obtained by stripping in the step four, and impregnating resin; the dehydration treatment is performed at a low temperature, the degreasing treatment is performed at room temperature, and the resin impregnation treatment is performed in a vacuum state.
Sixthly, preparing a muscle specimen:
manufacturing the bone-free internal support prosthesis: the bone-free support prosthesis is mainly applied to the support of tissue structures such as muscles, nerves, blood vessels and the like.
Shooting and measuring bones and recording corresponding size data; shooting and measuring the deep layer and the superficial layer of the muscle and recording corresponding size data;
making an internal frame structure of a main body part by using a first rod body by referring to the bone size data and the muscle size data, simulating the bone shape of a processing object and muscle attachment points on the surface of the bone, including a head part, a trunk part and four limb parts, and setting action shapes; the method comprises the following steps of bending and pressing first rod bodies to form a shape, fixedly connecting a plurality of first rod bodies to form an inner frame body, wherein the inner frame body is provided with a plurality of triangles formed by connecting the first rod bodies in order to ensure stability; the fixed connection point positions of the inner frame body comprise a skull base position, a 7 th cervical vertebra position, a 12 th thoracic vertebra position, a 5 th lumbar vertebra position, a pelvis position, a costal joint position, a rib joint position, a shoulder joint position, an elbow joint position, a wrist joint position, a metacarpophalangeal joint position, a hip joint position, a knee joint position, an ankle joint position and a metacarpophalangeal joint position. In this embodiment, the first rod body is a stainless steel rod, and No. 10-20 stainless steel bars are selected according to the requirements of the supporting force of different parts, and each fixed connection point is welded and fixed. The part is mainly manufactured by imitating the bone form and muscle attachment points on the bone surface, so that the data mostly adopts bone data, and the muscle data is auxiliary data.
The second rod body penetrates through the muscle along the walking direction of the muscle, and the second rod body is fixed on the inner frame body by simulating the layers of the muscle, the nerve and the blood vessel. In this example. The second rod body is a stainless steel rod. For larger, longer and thicker muscles, a No. 5-10 stainless steel bar is selected, penetrates into the muscles along the starting point direction of the muscles and then is welded on the internal frame body; for smaller, shorter and narrower muscles, stainless steel bars No. 1-5 are selected, penetrate into the muscles along the starting point direction of the muscles and then are welded on an internal frame body or stainless steel bars No. 5-10 for fixing larger, longer and thicker muscles; the hierarchical structure of the muscle neurovascular is noted during the manufacturing.
Fixing the nerves and blood vessels on the surface of the muscle; the glue and steel wire are used to fix the nerve and blood vessel on the surface of muscle.
Seventhly, repairing the specimen obtained in the sixth step, manually recovering the damaged muscle, nerve and blood vessel parts to recover the original anatomical structure of the animal, straightening and repairing muscle and muscle filaments, and bonding and separating the nerve and blood vessel structures; and then carrying out curing treatment, cleaning after curing, removing excess generated after curing, and finishing the specimen.
Wherein, first body of rod and second body of rod can also adopt steel pole, iron set, copper pole or high strength plastics pole, carries out rust-resistant treatment to easy rusty iron set etc..
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a skeletal muscle specimen is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, selecting an object to be processed;
secondly, peeling the skin;
thirdly, dissecting the object to be treated after the skin is stripped so as to display the whole shallow layer;
and fourthly, stripping of muscles, nerves and blood vessels: the muscles are completely stripped layer by layer along the muscle starting and stopping points on the surface of the skeleton in the sequence of the superficial layer and the deep layer, and a certain connection relationship is kept between the muscles of each layer; the blood vessels and nerves are cut off at the emitting end and remain on the muscles; all structures of muscles, nerves and blood vessels stripped from bones are clear in anatomy, and certain connection relations are kept among the muscles, the blood vessels and the nerves;
fifthly, dehydrating and degreasing each part obtained by stripping in the step four, and impregnating resin;
sixthly, preparing a muscle specimen:
manufacturing the bone-free internal support prosthesis: shooting and measuring bones and recording corresponding size data; shooting and measuring the deep layer and the superficial layer of the muscle and recording corresponding size data;
making an internal frame structure of a main body part by using a first rod body by referring to the bone size data and the muscle size data, simulating the bone shape of a processing object and muscle attachment points on the surface of the bone, including a head part, a trunk part and four limb parts, and setting action shapes;
the second rod body penetrates through the muscle along the walking direction of the muscle, and the second rod body is fixed on the inner frame body by simulating the layers of the muscle, the nerve and the blood vessel;
fixing the nerves and blood vessels on the surface of the muscle;
and seventhly, repairing the specimen obtained in the sixth step, and then curing and cleaning.
2. The method for preparing a skeletal muscle specimen as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the skin stripping is performed such that the tangent of the body is along the median abdominal line, i.e. from the most anterior end of the lower lip to the most distal end of the tail; the front limb tangent line is along the axillary fold to the inner side of the front limb end, and the back limb tangent line is along the innermost side of the groin to the inner side of the back limb end;
separated along each tangent edge to the back until complete peeling.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the inner frame has a plurality of triangles formed by connecting the first rods;
the fixed connection point positions of the inner frame body comprise a skull base position, a 7 th cervical vertebra position, a 12 th thoracic vertebra position, a 5 th lumbar vertebra position, a pelvis position, a costal joint position, a rib joint position, a shoulder joint position, an elbow joint position, a wrist joint position, a metacarpophalangeal joint position, a hip joint position, a knee joint position, an ankle joint position and a metacarpophalangeal joint position.
4. The method for preparing a skeletal muscle specimen as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the sixth step, the nerves and blood vessels on the surface of the muscle are fixed by glue and steel wires.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are stainless steel, iron, copper or high strength plastic.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810846757.0A CN109003524B (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Method for preparing skeletal muscle specimen |
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| CN201810846757.0A CN109003524B (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Method for preparing skeletal muscle specimen |
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| CN109003524A CN109003524A (en) | 2018-12-14 |
| CN109003524B true CN109003524B (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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| CN110211469A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-06 | 大连鸿峰生物科技有限公司 | The production method that androgynous vertebrate is split as the independent sample of two pieces or so complementation |
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