CN106417249B - Preparation method of crab aquatic animal stripping specimen - Google Patents

Preparation method of crab aquatic animal stripping specimen Download PDF

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CN106417249B
CN106417249B CN201610816209.4A CN201610816209A CN106417249B CN 106417249 B CN106417249 B CN 106417249B CN 201610816209 A CN201610816209 A CN 201610816209A CN 106417249 B CN106417249 B CN 106417249B
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specimen
trunk
crab
appendage
preservative
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CN106417249A (en
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刘智俊
李建忠
陆锦天
李住
张根玉
史建华
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Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a crab aquatic animal skinned specimen, which comprises the following steps: after the crab carapace is separated from the abdomen, the viscera and the muscles are gradually fished out, and then the fished-out carapace and the abdomen are put into the preservative solution for treatment for 2 hours (the preservative solution must be injected by a syringe in the place where the tip of the step is not easy to permeate). After finishing the antiseptic treatment, filling the appendages and the whole abdomen one by one with cotton wool mixed antiseptic powder, combining the waistcoat and the abdomen again into a whole according to the original contour and fixing the waistcoat by a rope, putting the shape and fixing the appendages by thin iron wires, and placing the appendages in a ventilated place for air drying. After air drying, sealing all the crust seams with white glue, and spraying a layer of varnish on the outside. The specimen is transferred to a special box and can be preserved for a long time after being vacuumized or filled with nitrogen. The specimen of the invention has good mildew-proof and corrosion-proof effects, the color of the specimen is natural after the specimen is fixed, the original shape, color and texture can be kept for a long time, the specimen can be used for science popularization education and academic research, and can also become a high-grade artwork, thereby being worthy of advocation, popularization and use.

Description

Preparation method of crab aquatic animal stripping specimen
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of specimen preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a crab aquatic animal stripped specimen.
Background
The English word of the specimen is derived from ancient Greek, means "moving hide", means that in order to preserve the characteristics of animals for a long time, physical or chemical means are adopted to make and treat the whole or part of the animals, and the shape of the animals when the animals live is reshaped, so that the animals are lifelike and can be preserved permanently. Animal specimen preparation is originated in europe in the 19 th century, and the prey in that time peels off the coat of the prey, matures it, and fills it to restore the animal's pre-natal form for long-term storage, which is the prototype for specimen preparation. With the development of biological science, the preparation process of the specimen also has great progress, and plays an important role in scientific research, teaching, display and exhibition.
At present, animal specimens can be roughly divided into stripped specimens and soaked specimens according to a manufacturing method, wherein the stripped specimens are specimens prepared by stripping animal skins together with derivatives such as hair, feathers and scales on the animal skins, are evidence for the existence of animal entities and are mainly used for zoology research, science popularization and appreciation. The specimen immersion means that the animal is immersed in the preservation solution to achieve the purpose of long-term preservation.
The crab belongs to arthropoda, crustacean, and is covered by a layer of hard carapace, and the characteristics result in that most crab specimens are prepared by using a soaking method, and the soaking specimens have the following defects in practical application: 1. the specimen is stored in a sealed container, and due to refraction of the storage solution, a deviation occurs when a detailed part of the specimen is observed, and the container is generally sealed with wax, and is cumbersome to take out and observe if the container needs to be taken out. 2. The preservation solution has a corrosive effect, and although the specimen can be preserved for a long time, the color is faded, and if the color needs to be preserved, a complex color retention agent needs to be arranged. 3. Due to the special open-type circulation physiological structure of the crabs, the hepatopancreas containing more fat are flocculent and seep out of the carapace, so that the preservation solution is polluted, and the beauty is influenced. The traditional processing method for the stripped specimen is not suitable for crabs, the crust of the crab is composed of chitin and calcium, and the crab gradually weathers after being exposed in the air for a long time, and the crust becomes fragile like paper. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for preparing crab shell specimen. The laboratory adopts eriocheir sinensis as an experimental animal, establishes a new method for preparing and preserving crab specimens, and verifies the feasibility of the crab specimen through practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a crab aquatic animal shell specimen, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a crab aquatic animal decorticated specimen comprises the following steps:
(1) separating the carapace and the trunk of the crab, cutting down the maxilla and the jaw feet, and removing internal organs and muscle tissues at the same time;
(2) carrying out antiseptic treatment on the tergum and the trunk;
(3) filling the crab carapace and the appendage with cotton containing antiseptic powder, reintegrating the carapace and the trunk, fixing the specimen model, powdering and adhering,
(4) and transferring the specimen to a transparent specimen box for vacuum storage.
Further, care should be taken to separate the trunk and the dorsal concha in step 1 to prevent rupture, and small organs such as the maxilla, the eye handle, etc. should be removed and kept properly.
Further, in the step 1, the muscle tissue of each appendage, including the muscle of each appendage, is gradually fished out by using a thin brush, so that the appendage is prevented from being broken due to overexertion.
Further, in the step 3, the crab carapace and the appendage are filled with a mixture of medical cotton balls and powdery preservatives, and the carapace and the trunk are integrated according to the original contour and fixed by a rope.
Further, in the step 3, the specimen modeling is finished and fixed by a thin iron wire before the specimen is dried and hardened.
Further, the adhesion specimen is carried out after the specimen is dried, and the rope is removed after the glue is dried.
Furthermore, the specimen box is made of plastic or glass, can be freely opened and closed, and is provided with an air suction valve.
Further, the steps are as follows: taking Eriocheir sinensis, quickly freezing at-80 deg.C to kill, shearing off maxilla with dissecting scissors, carefully shearing along the seam between the dorsal scale and the trunk, and separating the dorsal scale from the trunk; carefully removing stomach, liver, pancreas, ovary and other viscera with a spoon, then extending into each appendage from abdomen with a brush, removing muscle tissue in the appendage, and repeatedly washing with distilled water absorbed by an injector until the muscle tissue is completely removed; sucking a sufficient amount of preservative by using an injector, respectively injecting the preservative into the tip of each appendage, and then soaking the trunk and the carapace of the crab into the preservative together for 2 hours; after the anticorrosion treatment, removing redundant anticorrosion liquid, mixing the absorbent cotton balls with anticorrosion powder, filling the mixture into the trunk and the appendages one by one, and adding iron wires into the appendages for fixing and modeling; and after the specimen is completely air-dried, adhering the appendage back to the trunk, then integrating the dorsal scale to the trunk according to the original contour, sealing the seam between the dorsal scale and the trunk, and adhering the first section of the appendage, the maxilla, the jaw and the other small organs by using white glue, so that the specimen is finished.
And further, spraying varnish on the surface of the specimen, transferring the specimen into a sealed glass box, connecting a valve on the box with an air extractor, vacuumizing the box, and then closing the valve, so that the specimen can be stored for a long time.
Further, the preservative is formalin solution with volume concentration of 5%, and the preservative powder is prepared from phenol, alum and camphor according to the proportion of 1:3: 0.1.
Further, the preservative is a mixture of 5% formalin solution and 5% sodium salicylate solution; the antiseptic powder is prepared from phenol, naphthalene powder, alum and camphor according to the proportion of 1:3:3: 0.1.
In the invention, after the crab carapace is separated from the abdomen, internal organs and muscles (including muscles in appendages) are gradually fished out, and then the fished carapace and the abdomen are put into the preservative solution for treatment for 2 hours (the preservative solution must be injected by a syringe at a place where the tip of a step foot is not easy to permeate). After finishing the antiseptic treatment, filling the appendages and the whole abdomen with cotton-wool mixed antiseptic powder one by one, placing thin iron wires in the appendages for fixing the shape, combining the waistcoat and the abdomen into a whole again according to the original contour, fixing the waistcoat with ropes, and placing the waistcoat in a ventilation place for air drying. Sealing all the seams of the skull and the breastplate with white glue after air drying is finished, sticking the appendages and the mouthparts according to the original positions, and spraying a layer of varnish on the outside after finishing the process. The specimen is transferred to a special box and can be preserved for a long time after being vacuumized or filled with nitrogen.
The crab shell specimen prepared by the invention has the following advantages in scientific research and daily preservation:
firstly, viscera and muscles are removed from the specimen, and the specimen is not required to be preserved by preservation solution, so that the whole mass is light, and the movement is convenient.
And the soaked specimen is taken out, the wax seal is removed firstly, and the preservation solution taken out when the specimen is taken out pollutes the working environment.
And thirdly, the crab shell is stored in a vacuum environment, so that weathering and fading of the crab shell can be effectively avoided.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the specimen prepared by the method of the invention is placed in the transparent box, can be deflated and opened at any time, is convenient to take out and observe details, and provides great convenience for scientific research.
2. The specimen prepared by the method can be freely fixed and modeled before air drying, and the specimen prepared by the method is lifelike and has better effect when being used for science popularization education or art exhibition.
3. The invention adopts vacuum preservation, can effectively avoid carapace effulgent, and can preserve the specimen for a long time.
4. The specimen prepared by the method has good mould-proof and corrosion-proof effects, the color of the specimen is natural after the specimen is fixed, the original shape, color and texture can be kept for a long time, the specimen can be used for science popularization education and academic research, and can also become a high-grade artwork, so that the specimen is worthy of advocation, popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the separation of the turbinate and appendages.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cut-off thin organ.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the evisceration and muscle.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of appendage muscle being removed with a brush.
Figure 5 is a schematic view of an appendage injection preservative.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the body filled with medical cotton and antiseptic powder.
FIG. 7 shows that the appendages are filled with antiseptic powder and fixed with iron wires.
Figure 8 the appendage is attached to the torso with white glue.
FIG. 9 integrates the dorsal conch, the white glue seals the gap, sticks back to the tiny organ, shapes the specimen, and dries in the air.
The specimen preparation of fig. 10 is complete.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure of the present invention, and equivalents fall within the scope of the appended claims.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Eriocheir sinensis specimen
Preparation of tools and reagents: the dissecting tool comprises scissors, forceps, a syringe, a key, a brush, a cotton wool ball, a fine iron wire, a dry towel, a preservative (5% formalin), and preservative powder (phenol, alum and camphor are prepared according to a weight ratio of 1:3: 0.1).
Sampling in vivo: taking out the eriocheir sinensis for experiment, quickly freezing at-80 ℃ until the eriocheir sinensis is dead, shearing off the maxilla by using a dissecting shear, carefully shearing along the seam between the dorsal concha and the trunk, separating the dorsal concha from the trunk, carefully removing the internal organs such as the stomach, the liver, the pancreas and the ovary by using a medicine spoon, then stretching into each appendage from the abdomen by using a brush, removing the muscle tissue in the appendage, and repeatedly flushing by using a syringe to suck distilled water until the muscle tissue is completely removed. Sucking enough preservative solution by using an injector, respectively injecting the preservative solution into the tip of each appendage, then soaking the trunk and the carapace of the crab into 5% formalin for 2 hours, fishing out the crab after the preservative treatment is finished, wiping off the redundant preservative solution by using a towel, mixing the absorbent cotton balls with the preservative powder, and filling the mixture into the trunk and the appendages one by one, wherein iron wires are additionally threaded into the appendages for fixing and shaping. After the sample is completely air-dried, the appendage is adhered to the trunk, the vest is integrated to the trunk according to the original contour, the seam of the vest and the trunk is sealed, the first section of the appendage, the maxilla, the jaw foot and other small organs are adhered by white glue, the sample is finished, the crab is transferred into a sealed glass box after the varnish is sprayed, the valve of the box is connected with an air extractor, the valve is closed after the box is vacuumized, and the sample can be stored for a long time.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of Eriocheir sinensis specimen (II)
Preparation of tools and reagents: the dissecting tool comprises scissors, forceps, a syringe, a key, a brush, a cotton wool ball, a fine iron wire, a dry towel, a preservative (5% of formalin and 5% of a sodium salicylate solution) and preservative powder (phenol, naphthalene powder, alum and camphor are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:3:3: 0.1).
Sampling in vivo: taking out the eriocheir sinensis for experiment, quickly freezing at-80 ℃ until the eriocheir sinensis is dead, shearing off the maxilla by using a dissecting shear, carefully shearing along the seam between the dorsal concha and the trunk, separating the dorsal concha from the trunk, carefully removing the internal organs such as the stomach, the liver, the pancreas and the ovary by using a medicine spoon, then stretching into each appendage from the abdomen by using a brush, removing the muscle tissue in the appendage, and repeatedly flushing by using a syringe to suck distilled water until the muscle tissue is completely removed. Sucking sufficient preservative solution by using a syringe, respectively injecting the preservative solution into the tip of each appendage, and mixing formalin solution and sodium salicylate solution according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, then soaking the trunk and the waistcoat of the crab in a mixed solvent for 2 hours, fishing out the crab after the antiseptic treatment, wiping off redundant antiseptic solution by using a towel, mixing the absorbent cotton balls with antiseptic powder, and filling the mixture into the trunk and the appendages one by one, wherein iron wires are threaded into the appendages for fixing the shape. After the sample is completely air-dried, the appendage is adhered to the trunk, the vest is integrated to the trunk according to the original contour, the seam of the vest and the trunk is sealed, the first section of the appendage, the maxilla, the jaw foot and other small organs are adhered by white glue, the sample is finished, the crab is transferred into a sealed glass box after the varnish is sprayed, the valve of the box is connected with an air extractor, the valve is closed after the box is vacuumized, and the sample can be stored for a long time.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of Eriocheir sinensis specimen (III)
Preparation of tools and reagents: dissecting tool, including scissors, tweezers, syringe, key, brush, absorbent cotton ball, fine iron wire, dry towel, antiseptic (formalin 5%), antiseptic powder (phenol antiseptic powder).
Sampling in vivo: taking out the eriocheir sinensis for experiment, quickly freezing at-80 ℃ until the eriocheir sinensis is dead, shearing off the maxilla by using a dissecting shear, carefully shearing along the seam between the dorsal concha and the trunk, separating the dorsal concha from the trunk, carefully removing the internal organs such as the stomach, the liver, the pancreas and the ovary by using a medicine spoon, then stretching into each appendage from the abdomen by using a brush, removing the muscle tissue in the appendage, and repeatedly flushing by using a syringe to suck distilled water until the muscle tissue is completely removed. Sucking enough preservative solution by using an injector, respectively injecting the preservative solution into the tip of each appendage, then soaking the trunk and the carapace of the crab into 5% formalin for 2 hours, fishing out the crab after the preservative treatment is finished, wiping off the redundant preservative solution by using a towel, mixing the absorbent cotton balls with the preservative powder, and filling the mixture into the trunk and the appendages one by one, wherein iron wires are additionally threaded into the appendages for fixing and shaping. After the sample is completely air-dried, the appendage is adhered to the trunk, the vest is integrated to the trunk according to the original contour, the seam of the vest and the trunk is sealed, the first section of the appendage, the maxilla, the jaw foot and other small organs are adhered by white glue, the sample is finished, the crab is transferred into a sealed glass box after the varnish is sprayed, the valve of the box is connected with an air extractor, the valve is closed after the box is vacuumized, and the sample can be stored for a long time.
EXAMPLE 4 preparation of Eriocheir sinensis specimen (IV)
Preparation of tools and reagents: dissecting tools, including scissors, forceps, syringe, key, brush, absorbent cotton ball, fine iron wire, dry towel, preservative (formalin 5%).
Sampling in vivo: taking out the eriocheir sinensis for experiment, quickly freezing at-80 ℃ until the eriocheir sinensis is dead, shearing off the maxilla by using a dissecting shear, carefully shearing along the seam between the dorsal concha and the trunk, separating the dorsal concha from the trunk, carefully removing the internal organs such as the stomach, the liver, the pancreas and the ovary by using a medicine spoon, then stretching into each appendage from the abdomen by using a brush, removing the muscle tissue in the appendage, and repeatedly flushing by using a syringe to suck distilled water until the muscle tissue is completely removed. Sucking sufficient preservative solution by using an injector, respectively injecting the preservative solution into the tip of each appendage, then soaking the trunk and the carapace of the crab into 5% formalin for 2 hours, fishing out the crab after the preservative treatment is finished, wiping off the redundant preservative solution by using a towel, and filling absorbent cotton balls into the trunk and the appendages, wherein iron wires are additionally threaded into the appendages for fixing and shaping. After the sample is completely air-dried, the appendage is adhered to the trunk, the vest is integrated to the trunk according to the original contour, the seam of the vest and the trunk is sealed, the first section of the appendage, the maxilla, the jaw foot and other small organs are adhered by white glue, the sample is finished, the crab is transferred into a sealed glass box after the varnish is sprayed, the valve of the box is connected with an air extractor, the valve is closed after the box is vacuumized, and the sample can be stored for a long time.
Example 5 comparative test
The comparison method comprises the following steps: the eriocheir sinensis specimens prepared in examples 1 to 4 were stored in a specimen box, and the specimens were taken out after 12 months, and the preservation effects of corrosion prevention, mold prevention and carapace preservation were observed, and the comparison results are shown in the following table.
Item Anti-corrosion effect Mildew-proof effect Specimen color Back armor
Example 1 Good taste Good taste Nature of nature Efflorescence frail
Example 2 Good taste Good taste Nature of nature At the same initial state
Example 3 Good taste Good taste Color fading Severe efflorescence
Example 4 Good taste Good taste Color fading Severe efflorescence
The eriocheir sinensis specimen prepared by the method has the advantages of real color, vivid form, no toxicity, no odor, good mildew-proof and corrosion-proof effects, natural color after the specimen is fixed, and capability of keeping the original form, color and texture for a long time, thus being capable of being used for science popularization education and academic research and also being capable of becoming a high-grade artwork. The method of the invention has the following advantages: firstly, viscera and muscles are removed from the specimen, and the specimen is not required to be preserved by preservation solution, so that the whole mass is light, and the movement is convenient. And the soaked specimen is taken out, the wax seal is removed firstly, and the preservation solution taken out when the specimen is taken out pollutes the working environment. And thirdly, the crab shell is stored in a vacuum environment, so that weathering and fading of the crab shell can be effectively avoided.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and additions can be made without departing from the method of the present invention, and these modifications and additions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A preparation method of a crab aquatic animal skinned specimen is characterized by comprising the following steps: taking Eriocheir sinensis, quickly freezing at-80 deg.C to kill, shearing off maxilla with dissecting scissors, carefully shearing along the seam between the dorsal scale and the trunk, and separating the dorsal scale from the trunk; carefully removing stomach, liver, pancreas, ovary and other viscera with a spoon, then extending into each appendage from abdomen with a brush, removing muscle tissue in the appendage, and repeatedly washing with distilled water absorbed by an injector until the muscle tissue is completely removed; sucking a sufficient amount of preservative by using an injector, respectively injecting the preservative into the tip of each appendage, and then soaking the trunk and the carapace of the crab into the preservative together for 2 hours; after the anticorrosion treatment, removing redundant anticorrosion liquid, mixing the absorbent cotton balls with anticorrosion powder, filling the mixture into the trunk and the appendages one by one, and adding iron wires into the appendages for fixing and modeling; after the specimen is completely air-dried, adhering the appendage back to the trunk, then integrating the dorsal scale to the trunk according to the original contour, sealing the seam between the dorsal scale and the trunk, and adhering the first section of the appendage, the maxilla, the jaw foot and other small organs by using white glue, so that the specimen is finished; transferring the specimen to a transparent specimen box for vacuumizing and storing; the preservative is a mixture of 5% formalin solution and 5% sodium salicylate solution; the antiseptic powder is prepared from phenol, naphthalene powder, alum and camphor according to the proportion of 1:3:3: 0.1.
2. The method for preparing the peeled specimen of the crab-type aquatic animal according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the specimen is sprayed with varnish and then transferred into a sealed glass box, a valve on the box is connected with an air extractor, and the valve is closed after the box is vacuumized, so that the specimen can be preserved for a long time.
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CN104041483A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-09-17 大连大学 Preparation method of miniature marine animal plastinated specimens

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CN104041483A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-09-17 大连大学 Preparation method of miniature marine animal plastinated specimens

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蟹类干制标本的制法;庞遐;《生物学通报》;19991020;第34卷(第10期);参见全文 *

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