CN1938244A - 氟化方法 - Google Patents
氟化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1938244A CN1938244A CN200580010361.3A CN200580010361A CN1938244A CN 1938244 A CN1938244 A CN 1938244A CN 200580010361 A CN200580010361 A CN 200580010361A CN 1938244 A CN1938244 A CN 1938244A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- alkyl
- instrument
- solvent
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000004334 fluoridation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical class I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006376 (C3-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical group [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- SBQIJPBUMNWUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyliodanium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 SBQIJPBUMNWUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- NLMDJJTUQPXZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane Chemical compound C1COCCOCCNCCOCCOCCN1 NLMDJJTUQPXZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002739 cryptand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OUSTZWRQCCUGFF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium carbonic acid fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+].C(O)(O)=O OUSTZWRQCCUGFF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- AUFVJZSDSXXFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2.2.2-cryptand Chemical compound C1COCCOCCN2CCOCCOCCN1CCOCCOCC2 AUFVJZSDSXXFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOVJNJOIYIDDHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M F[Cs].OC(O)=O Chemical compound F[Cs].OC(O)=O QOVJNJOIYIDDHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001503 aryl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Natural products CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006506 Brasenia schreberi Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000656145 Thyrsites atun Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-BJUDXGSMSA-M fluorine-18(1-) Chemical compound [18F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-BJUDXGSMSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007339 nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012434 nucleophilic reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000163 radioactive labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012217 radiopharmaceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121896 radiopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002799 radiopharmaceutical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C277/00—Preparation of guanidine or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C277/08—Preparation of guanidine or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted guanidines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/001—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/361—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving a decrease in the number of carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
- C07C227/16—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions not involving the amino or carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/363—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/75—Amino or imino radicals, acylated by carboxylic or carbonic acids, or by sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof, e.g. carbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/20—Spiro-condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
- C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/52—Two oxygen atoms
- C07D239/54—Two oxygen atoms as doubly bound oxygen atoms or as unsubstituted hydroxy radicals
- C07D239/545—Two oxygen atoms as doubly bound oxygen atoms or as unsubstituted hydroxy radicals with other hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/553—Two oxygen atoms as doubly bound oxygen atoms or as unsubstituted hydroxy radicals with other hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms with halogen atoms or nitro radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. fluorouracil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D239/72—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
- C07D239/95—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with hetero atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
用氟化物离子源氟化碘鎓盐的方法,该方法能在含水溶剂中进行。
Description
发明技术领域
本发明涉及碘_盐的氟化。具体地说,本发明涉及氟化碘_盐的方法,其中反应在水存在下进行。本发明也适合于进行碘_盐的放射性氟化。由本发明的方法获得的放射性氟化化合物适用于包含在药物组合物中。此外,本发明涉及便于实施本发明方法的成套仪器。
相关技术描述
用氟化物进行亲核取代被看成是在有机化合物中引进氟最吸引人的方法。为了提高氟化物的反应性并避免因存在水而产生羟基化副产物,反应前要从氟化物中除去水且氟化反应要用无水反应溶剂进行[Aigbirhio等,1995 J.Fluor.Chem.70 279~287页]。从氟化物离子中除水叫做制备“裸”氟化物离子。在涉及亲核氟化的先有技术中把此看作是提高氟化物反应性和避免因存在水而产生羟基化副产物所必要的步骤[Moughamir等1998 Tett.Letts.39 7305~7306页]。
用来提高氟化反应中所用氟化物离子反应性的另一个步骤是在除水前加入阳离子反离子。为保持氟化物离子的溶解度,反离子在无水反应溶剂中应具有足够的溶解度。因此,已使用的反离子包括大而软的金属离子,如铷或铯,用穴状配体如KryptofixTM配合的钾,或四烷基铵盐。氟化反应的优选反离子是用穴状配体如KryptofixTM配合的钾,由于它在无水溶剂中良好的溶解性和更高的氟化物反应性。
[18F]-氟化物离子一般以水溶液获得,它是[18O]-水靶的辐照产物。为了把[18F]-氟化物转化为反应性亲核试剂,使之适用于亲核放射性标记反应,已广泛实践了各种步骤。与非放射性氟化一样,这类步骤包括从[18F]-氟化物离子中除水和提供合适的反离子[Handbook ofRadiophar-maceuticals(放射性药物手册)2003 Welch & Redvanly编,第6章,195~227页]。然后用无水溶剂进行亲核放射性氟化反应[Aigbirhio等1995 J.Fluor.Chem.70,279~287页]。还有一个与非放射性氟化相反而对放射性氟化很重要的因素是时间,因为[18F]的半衰期较短:109.7分钟。
Pike和Aigbirhio已报告了[18F]-芳基氟化物的制备[1995 J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Comm.2215~2216页]。所报告的方法是芳族亲核取代反应,在其中,[18]-氟化物KryptofixTM与二芳基碘_盐在乙腈中反应。在氮气流下加热,使[18]-氟化物KryptofixTM无水。在反应中使用无水乙腈。认为严格除去反应中的水是获得良好产率所必要的。Shah等[1998 J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin Trans.1,2043~2046页]用干燥[18F]-氟化物在多种无水溶剂中检查了二芳基碘_盐的放射性氟化。在所评价的溶剂(二氯甲烷、氯仿、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃和乙腈)中,用乙腈时得到的产率最高,还发现乙腈是二芳基碘_盐最好的溶剂。在该研究中,还比较了用穴状配体配合的[18F]-KF和[18F]-CsF,并发现当用穴状配体配合的[18F]-KF时产率较高。
Van der Puy采用另一种方法制备芳基氟化物(1982,J.FluorineChem.,21 385~392页),他在无溶剂条件下加热芳基碘_盐与氟化钾。据说该芳基碘_盐含有非亲核反离子。
发明概述
意外的是,与先有技术的学说相反,本发明证明碘_盐的亲核氟化可以在水存在下成功地进行,而且,与用无水条件进行的反应相比,获得了更高的产率。既然取消了氟化物干燥这一步,那么,在放射性氟化中的另一个优点就是省时,由此导致放射化学试剂的产率更高。而且在反应中不再需要KryptofixTM来提高氟化物离子的反应性了。本发明还提供包含由本发明的方法所获得的化合物的药物组合物以及实施本发明方法的成套仪器。
发明详述
在第一个发明点中,本发明涉及生产芳族或杂芳族氟标记化合物的方法,该方法包含用氟化物离子源氟化碘_盐,其特征在于反应溶剂包含水。
在反应溶剂是100%水时已获得了氟化产物,但在反应溶剂是水和水可混溶溶剂的混合物时,已获得了最高产率。
在本发明的内容中,“水可混溶溶剂”是能与水均匀混合的任何溶剂。本发明中适用的水可混溶溶剂的实例是乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、四氢呋喃及二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜。本发明的优选水可混溶溶剂是乙腈。
优选水与水可混溶溶剂的体积:体积比是1∶99~1∶1,以及非常优选10∶90~30∶70。
非常意外的是,本发明者已发现,不仅在水存在下反应能满意地进行,而且反应混合物中水的存在实际上提高了产物的产率。用许多氟化物反离子已证明情况确实如此。
在先有技术中,氟化反应在无水条件下进行,据说优选的反离子是用kryptofixTM配合的钾。但是,本发明者已发现,在反应溶剂中存在水时,钾也能在没有kryptofixTM时成功地起反离子的作用。在本发明的方法中,其它金属离子如铯和钠也是适用的反离子。
该方法的另一个优点是不必提供反离子作为配体,因为该方法取消了用配合剂如kryptofixTM配合反离子的步骤。
优选本发明的方法包含通式(I)或(II)的碘_盐的氟化:
其中
Q是缺电子芳族或杂芳族部分;
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地是氢、-O(C1-10烷基)或C1-10烷基;
及
Y-是反离子,如三氟甲磺酸根、全氟C2~C10烷基磺酸根、三氟乙酸根、甲磺酸根、甲苯磺酸根、四苯基硼酸根;
以得到通式(III)的产物:
Q-F (III)
其中Q如对通式(I)和(II)所定义。
在本说明书内容中,术语“C1~C10烷基”是指含最多10个碳原子的完全饱和的直链或支链烃。实例包括甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正辛基和正癸基。
在本说明书内容中,术语“芳基”是指包含一个或多个环,其中至少有一个环具有芳族特征并含5~14个环碳原子的基团。芳基的几个环可以稠合或通过键连接在一起。
术语“杂芳基”是指如上定义的芳基但有一个或多个环碳原子已被N、O或S所取代。
术语“缺电子”是指取代的芳族或杂芳族体系中π键体系的电子比未取代芳环或杂芳环体系中的少。
有经验的化学家们充分理解,为了使芳环体系进行有效的亲核取代,必须保证芳环体系是缺电子的。这一点也适用于本发明的方法,因此基本的一点是芳环或杂芳环体系(通式(I)和(II)中的Q)是缺电子的。有经验的化学家们很容易识别哪些芳环或杂芳环体系可以用本发明的方法氟化,而哪些不能。
与此相符,R1~R5要选择到放在一起时芳环Q比取代苯环更缺电子,以确保氟化发生在Q上以及碘_盐的稳定性足以成为Q氟化的有用前体。
本发明最优选的R1~R5基是氢、C1-3烷基、-O-(C1~C3烷基),尤其是氢、甲基和甲氧基。
在通式II的化合物中,“固体载体”可以是不溶于本方法中拟用的任何溶剂中但可以靠共价键在其上键合连接基的任何合适的固相载体。适用固体载体的实例包括聚合物,如聚苯乙烯(可以与,例如,聚乙二醇嵌段接枝)、聚丙烯酰胺,或聚丙烯,或涂有这种聚合物的玻璃或硅。固体载体的形式可以是分立小颗粒,如珠或针等,或者是反应器,如筒或精密制造的(microfabriacted)容器,内表面上的涂层。在这种固体载体上实施本发明的方法,能获得纯氟化产物而无需任何外加分离步骤。当氟化是放射性氟化时这一点尤其具有优越性,因为在制备方法中的任何省时都将导致放射化学试剂的产率更高。
在通式II的化合物中,“连接基”可以是把反应点与固体载体结构分得足够开从而使反应性达到最大的任何适用有机基团。为便于合成,连接基适合包含C1-20烷基、C1-20烷氧基,靠酰胺醚或磺酰胺键连接到树指上。连接基也可以是聚乙二醇(PEG)连接基。这类连接基的实例是固相化学领域内的技术人员所熟知的。
如前已所述,基本要求是基团Q是缺电子的,因此,如果芳环体系的确含有给电子取代基,如OH或氨基,则它必须还含有一个或多个吸电子基团。还优选如果基团Q的确含有给电子取代基,则它在通式(I)和(II)中要位于相对于I+的间位上。
适用于基团Q的取代基的实例是C1-10烷基、-O(C1-10烷基)、-C(=O)C1-10烷基、-C(=O)NR6(C1-10烷基)、-(C1~C6烷基)-O-(C1~C6烷基)、C5-14芳基、-O(C5-14芳基)、-C(=O)C5-14芳基、-C(=O)NR6(C5-14芳基)、C5-14杂芳基、-O(C5-14杂芳基)、-C(=O)C5-14杂芳基、-C(=O)NR6(C5-14杂芳基)、C3-10环烷基、-O(C3-10环烷基)、-C(=O)(C3-10环烷基)、-C(=O)NR6(C3-10环烷基)、C3-10杂环基、-O(C3-10杂环基)、-C(=O)(C3-10杂环基)、-C(=O)NR6(C5-14杂环基),
其中R6是H、C1~C6烷基、C3~C10烷基、C3~C10杂环基、C4~C10芳基或C4~C10杂芳基;
其中任何一个都可任选地被OH、NHR6、COOH或这类基团中任何保护型基团所取代;或者
任何2个相邻的取代基都可以形成4~6元碳环或杂环,任选地与另外的芳环、杂芳环、碳环或杂环稠合。
芳环部分Q可含有其它给电子取代基如OH、NHR6或卤素,唯一的条件是还要有吸电子取代基存在。
特别优选的Q的实例示于下表1中。
表1:由本发明的方法产生的优选化合物
不论本发明的方法是在溶液中还是在固相上进行,氟标记化合物优选是[18F]-标记化合物以及氟化物离子源优选是18F-源。非常优选[18F]-标记化合物是[18F]-标记放射性示踪剂,即适合于被物体内特定生物靶的PET图象检测的[18F]-标记化合物。
[18F]-标记示踪剂优选选自表1中第一栏所列的化合物。这些[18F]-标记示踪剂对应的前体在表1第二栏内列出,其中P1~P4各分别是氢或保护性基团。保护用标准方法达到,如下文所述:Protecting groupsin organic synthesis(有机合成中的保护性基团),Theodora W.Greeneand peter G.M.Wuts,John Wiley & Sons Inc.出版。
每当本发明的方法涉及制备[18F]-标记化合物时,该方法还可以任何顺序包含下列步骤中的一步或多步:
(i)除去过量的18F-,例如,用离子交换色谱法;和/或
(ii)除去保护基团;和/或
(iii)除去有机溶剂;和/或
(iv)把所得化合物配制成含水溶液。
本发明的方法可以用一套成套仪器进行,因此,在第二个发明点中,本发明涉及按本发明第一发明点的方法生产芳族氟标记化合物的成套仪器,该成套仪器包含:
(i)容纳用来溶解氟化物离子源的含水溶剂的管形瓶;和
(ii)含碘_盐的反应器。
碘_盐可以是定义如上的通式(I)或(II)的化合物。当碘_盐是通式(II)的化合物时,固体载体可包含反应器表面上的涂层。
适用的反应器包含小筒和精密制造的(microfabricated)容器,两者都是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
该成套仪器还可包含氟化物离子源,其提供方法可以溶于管状瓶内的含水溶剂中,也可以放在另一个容器内。
优选的溶剂和氟化物离子源如以上本发明第一发明点所讨论。
当本发明方法的产物是[18F]-放射性示踪剂或显影剂,如表1中第一栏中所示的化合物时,它在获得病人图象的方法中很有用,该方法包含向病人提供由本发明方法获得的[18F]-标记显影剂并通过检测病人体内存在的[18F]-标记显影剂获得病人的图象。
由本发明的方法所获得的[18F]-显影剂可用于药物组合物内。
“药物组合物”,在本发明中定义为以适合于供人用药的形式包含本发明的显影剂或其盐的配方。药物组合物可以不经肠胃即通过注射供给,且非常优选含水溶液。这类组合物可任选地含有其它组分,如缓释剂;药物学上可接受的增溶剂(例如环糊精或表面活性剂,如Pluronic、Tween或磷脂);药物学上可接受的稳定剂或抗氧剂(如抗坏血酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸或对氨基苯甲酸)。
实施例
为了评价在水存在下碘_盐的氟化,已进行了许多次实验。对比实施例1:三氟甲磺酸二苯碘用钾/kryptofix反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富18O水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.3ml),在其中加入kryptofix 222(11.4mg)和碳酸钾(0.2ml 0.1M的溶液)/乙腈。用共沸干燥法干燥氟化物。干燥工序结束后,在干燥氟化物中加入三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,22.5mg)在干燥乙腈(1ml)中的溶液。在95℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内,并用1ml/min梯度淋洗法,从5%至95%0.1三氟乙酸(TFA)/乙腈在0.1%TFA/水中,以PhenomenexLuna 3 micron C18柱(150×4.6mm)上的高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)分析该反应15分钟。
实施例2:三氟甲磺酸二苯碘在9∶1的乙腈∶水中用钾/kryptofix反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富18O水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.3ml),在其中加入kryptofix 222(11.4mg)和碳酸钾(0.2ml 0.1M的溶液)/乙腈。用共沸干燥法干燥氟化物。干燥工序结束后,在干燥氟化物中加入三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,23.0mg)在干燥乙腈(0.9ml)和水(0.1ml)的混合物中的溶液。在100℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例3:用未干燥氟化物时三氟甲磺酸二苯碘在3∶1的乙腈∶水中用钾/kryptofix反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富18O水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.1ml),在其中加入kryptofix 222(11.4mg)和碳酸钾(0.2ml 0.1M的溶液)/乙腈(0.9ml)和三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,21.7mg)。在100℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例4:用未干燥氟化物时三氟甲磺酸二苯碘在3∶1的乙腈∶水中用钾反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富18O水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.1ml),在其中加入碳酸钾(0.2ml 0.1M的溶液)/乙腈(0.9ml)和三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,23.2mg)。在100℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例5:三氟甲磺酸二苯碘在9∶1的乙腈∶水中用碳酸钾反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富18O水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.3ml),在其中加入碳酸钾(0.2ml 0.1M的溶液)/乙腈。用共沸干燥法干燥氟化物。干燥工序结束后,在干燥氟化中物加入三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,28.7mg)在干燥乙腈(0.9ml)和水(0.1ml)的混合物中的溶液。在100℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例6:四苯基硼酸二苯碘用铯反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富18O水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.3ml),在其中加入碳酸铯(24mg)、水(0.2ml)和乙腈(1ml)。用共沸干燥法干燥氟化物。干燥工序结束后,在干燥氟化物中加入四苯基硼酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,22.5mg)在干燥乙腈(1ml)中的溶液。在95℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例7:三氟甲磺酸二苯碘在99∶1的乙腈∶水中用碳酸铯反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富含18O的水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.3ml),在其中加入碳酸铯(27.7mg)、水(0.2ml)和乙腈(1ml)。用共沸干燥法干燥氟化物。干燥工序结束后,在干燥氟化中物加入三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,24.8mg)在干燥乙腈(0.99ml)和水(0.01ml)的混合物中的溶液。在100℃加热该混合物20分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例8:四苯基硼酸二苯碘在9∶1的乙腈∶水中用碳酸铯反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富含18O的水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.3ml),在其中加入碳酸铯(27.7mg)、水(0.2ml)和乙腈(1ml)。用共沸干燥法干燥氟化物。干燥工序结束后,在干燥氟化物中加入三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,24.9mg)在干燥乙腈(0.9ml)和水(0.1ml)的混合物中的溶液。在100℃加热该混合物20分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例9:用未干燥氟化物时四苯基硼酸二苯碘在7∶3的乙腈∶水中用碳酸铯反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富含18O的水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.6ml),在其中加入碳酸铯(~27mg)、乙腈(0.7ml)和三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,26.5mg)。在100℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的管形收集瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
实施例10:用未干燥氟化物时四苯基硼酸二苯碘在1∶1的乙腈∶水中用碳酸铯反离子进行的放射性氟化
在反应器内加入在富含18O的水中的[18F]氟化物(~0.3ml),在其中加入碳酸铯(~27mg)、乙腈(0.5ml)、水(0.2ml)和三氟甲磺酸二苯碘(购自Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals,25.3mg)。在100℃加热该混合物15分钟,然后在压缩空气流中冷却。把产物转移到密封的收集管形瓶内并用实施例1中所述的HPLC分析该反应。
在实施例1~10中所获得的结果概括在下表II内[RCP=放射化学纯度;产率经衰变校正]:
表II:实施例1~10的结果一览表
实施例 | 氟化物反离子 | 反应溶剂中的水,% | RCP% | 产率% |
1(对比)1 | K+/Kryptofix | 0 | 13 | 10 |
2 | K+/Kryptofix | 10 | 90 | 52 |
3 | K+/Kryptofix | 25 | 40 | 32 |
4 | K+ | 25 | 42 | 30 |
5 | K+ | 10 | 98 | 36 |
6(对比) | Cs+ | 0 | 90 | 3 |
7 | Cs+ | 1 | 90 | 15 |
8 | Cs+ | 10 | 90 | 62 |
9 | Cs+ | 30 | 78 | 73 |
10 | Cs+ | 50 | 21 | 20 |
1这些数字是21次实验的平均值
实施例11:4-[18F]氟苯基甲基酮的制备
按照实施例1~10所述的方法使三氟化甲磺酸(4-羧甲基苯基),(4-甲氧基苯基)碘与氟化物离子源在溶剂中反应。氟化物离子源/溶剂多种组合的结果示于表III。
表III-实施例11的结果
实验 | 条件 | 产物的放射化学纯度,% | 从反应器的活性回复率,% | 总产率RCP×回复率 |
11A | 氟化铯碳酸盐水/乙腈10%15min 100℃ | 67 | 65 | 44 |
对比11B(i) | 氟化钾碳酸盐Kryptofix乙腈15min 100℃ | 30 | 40 | 12 |
对比11B(ii) | 氟化钾碳酸盐Kryptofix乙腈15min 100℃ | 26 | 57 | 15 |
对比11C | 氟化钾碳酸盐Kryptofix乙腈暂时15min 100℃ | 73 | 71 | 52 |
11D | 氟化铯碳酸盐水/乙腈10%30min 120℃ | 94 | 64 | 60 |
对比11E | 氟化钾碳酸盐暂时Kryptofix乙腈30min 120℃ | 82 | 74 | 61 |
表III中的结果表明,用本发明的方法,产物的总产率相当于,且在很多情况下,高于对比实施例中用传统方法获得的总产率。
实施例12:4-[18F]氟-2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基甲基酮的制备
按照实施例1~10所述的方法使三氟化甲磺酸(4-羧甲基-3-甲氧基-6-甲基苯基),(4-甲氧基苯基)碘与氟化物离子源在溶剂中反应。氟化物离子源/溶剂的多种组合的结果示于表IV。
表IV-实施例12的结果
实验 | 条件 | 产物的放射化学纯度,% | 从反应器的活性回复率,% | 总产率RCP×回复率 |
12A(i) | 氟化钾和碳酸盐Tempo30min 120℃Kryptofix乙腈 | 42 | 65 | 27% |
12A(ii) | 氟化钾和碳酸盐Tempo30min 120℃Kryptofix乙腈 | 64 | 63 | 40 |
12A(iii) | 氟化钾和碳酸盐Tempo30min 120℃Kryptofix乙腈 | 59 | 57 | 34 |
平均结果 | 55 | 62 | 34 | |
对比12B(i) | 氟化钾和碳酸盐Tempo30min 120℃Kryptofix乙腈15%水 | 64 | 83 | 53 |
对比12B(ii) | 氟化钾和碳酸盐Tempo30min 120℃Kryptofix乙腈15%水 | 56 | 80 | 45 |
平均结果 | 60 | 81.5 | 49% |
表IV中给出的结果表明,反应中水的存在提高了产率以及用本发明的方法能同样有效地制备更复杂的分子。
Claims (28)
1.生产芳族或杂芳族氟标记化合物的方法,该方法包含用氟化物离子源使碘_盐氟化,其特征在于反应溶剂包含水。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中反应溶剂是100%水。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中反应溶剂是水和水可混溶溶剂的混合物。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中水可混溶溶剂是乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、四氢呋喃或二甲基甲酰胺。
5.如权利要求3或权利要求4所述的方法,其中水与水可混溶溶剂的体积∶体积比为1∶99~1∶1。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中水与水可混溶溶剂的体积∶体积比为10∶90~30∶70。
7.如权利要求1~6中任何一项所述的方法,其中氟化物离子源是氟化钾、氟化铯或氟化钠。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中R1~R5各自独立地选自氢、C1-3烷基和-O-(C1~C3烷基)。
10.如权利要求8或权利要求9所述的方法,其中在通式II的化合物中,“固体载体”是聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯或涂有这种聚合物的玻璃或硅。
11.如权利要求8~10中任何一项所述的方法,其中固体载体的形式是分立小颗粒或反应器内表面上的涂层。
12.如权利要求8~11中任何一项所述的方法,其中在通式II的化合物中,“连接基”是通过酰胺醚或磺酰胺键连接到树脂上的C1-20烷基或C1-20烷氧基,或聚乙二醇(PEG)连接基。
13.如权利要求8~12中任何一项所述的方法,其中芳族基团Q被选自下列一组中的一个或多个取代基所取代:C1-10烷基、-O(C1-10烷基)、-C(=O)C1-10烷基、-C(=O)NR6(C1-10烷基)、-(C1~C6烷基)-O-(C1~C6烷基)、C5-14芳基、-O(C5-14芳基)、-C(=O)C5-14芳基、-C(=O)NR6(C5-14芳基)、C5-14杂芳基、-O(C5-14杂芳基)、-C(=O)C5-14杂芳基、-C(=O)NR6(C5-14杂芳基)、C3-10环烷基、-O(C3-10环烷基)、-C(=O)(C3-10环烷基)、-C(=O)NR6(C3-10环烷基)、C3-10杂环基、-O(C3-10杂环基)、-C(=O)(C3-10杂环基)、-C(=O)NR6(C5-14杂环基),
其中R6是H、C1~C6烷基、C3~C10环烷基、C3~C10杂环基、C4~C10芳基或C4~C10杂芳基;
其中任何一个都可任选地被OH、NHR6、COOH或这类基团中任何保护型基团所取代;或者
任何2个相邻的取代基都可以形成4~6元碳环或杂环,任选地与另外的芳环、杂芳环、碳环或杂环稠合。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中芳族部分Q还有一个选自OH、NHR6或卤素的取代基。
16.如权利要求1~15中任何一项所述的方法,其中氟标记化合物是[18F]标记的化合物,而氟化物离子源是18F-源。
18.如权利要求1~17中任何一项所述的方法,还按任何顺序包括下列步骤中的一步或多步:除去过量的18F-,例如,用离子交换色谱法;和/或
(i)除去保护基团;和/或
(ii)除去有机溶剂;和/或
(iii)把所得化合物配制成含水溶液。
19.生产芳族氟标记化合物的成套仪器,该成套仪器包含:
(i)容纳用来溶解氟化物离子源的含水溶剂的管形瓶;和
(ii)容纳碘_盐的反应器。
20.如权利要求19所述的成套仪器,其中溶剂是100%水。
21.如权利要求19所述的成套仪器,其中溶剂是水和水可混溶溶剂的混合物。
22.如权利要求21所述的成套仪器,其中水可混溶溶剂是乙腈、乙醇、甲醇、四氢呋喃或二甲基甲酰胺。
23.如权利要求21或权利要求22所述的成套仪器,其中水与水可混溶溶剂的体积∶体积比为1∶99~1∶1。
24.如权利要求23所述的成套仪器,其中水与水可混溶溶剂的体积∶体积比为10∶90~30∶70。
25.如权利要求19~24中任何一项所述的成套仪器,其中碘_盐是如权利要求8~15中任何一项定义的通式(I)或(II)的化合物。
26.如权利要求20所述的成套仪器,其中碘_盐是如权利要求8~15中任何一项定义的通式(II)的化合物,以及固体载体包含反应器表面上的涂层。
27.如权利要求19~26中任何一项所述的成套仪器,其中反应器是小筒或精密制造的(microfabricated)容器。
28.如权利要求19~27中任何一项所述的成套仪器,还包含氟化物离子源。
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GB0229683D0 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2003-01-29 | Imaging Res Solutions Ltd | Preparation of radiopharmaceuticals |
GB0329716D0 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2004-01-28 | Amersham Plc | Radical trap |
GB0407952D0 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2004-05-12 | Amersham Plc | Fluoridation method |
-
2004
- 2004-04-08 GB GBGB0407952.1A patent/GB0407952D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-04-06 US US10/559,878 patent/US7935852B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-06 CN CN200580010361.3A patent/CN1938244B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-06 JP JP2007506837A patent/JP2007532524A/ja active Pending
- 2005-04-06 EP EP05732929A patent/EP1732865A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-06 WO PCT/GB2005/001344 patent/WO2005097713A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2011
- 2011-04-18 US US13/088,461 patent/US20110196149A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (11)
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CN102026913A (zh) * | 2008-01-03 | 2011-04-20 | 通用电气健康护理有限公司 | 氟化物处理方法 |
CN102026913B (zh) * | 2008-01-03 | 2014-10-22 | 通用电气健康护理有限公司 | 氟化物处理方法 |
CN102119135A (zh) * | 2008-08-14 | 2011-07-06 | 通用电气健康护理有限公司 | 碘*盐的改进氟化 |
CN102119135B (zh) * | 2008-08-14 | 2014-09-24 | 通用电气健康护理有限公司 | 碘*盐的改进氟化 |
CN101723849B (zh) * | 2008-10-10 | 2012-11-21 | 北京师范大学 | 18f标记氨基酸类衍生物、其制备方法及其制备报告肿瘤的正电子发射断层显像分子探针中的应用 |
CN101723850B (zh) * | 2008-10-10 | 2012-11-21 | 北京师范大学 | 18f标记芳香氨基酸及其制备方法和肿瘤显像应用 |
CN102186796A (zh) * | 2008-10-20 | 2011-09-14 | 哈默史密斯网上成像有限公司 | 放射氟化 |
CN102548996A (zh) * | 2009-10-08 | 2012-07-04 | 通用电气健康护理有限公司 | 自动化放射合成 |
CN102548996B (zh) * | 2009-10-08 | 2016-06-01 | 通用电气健康护理有限公司 | 自动化放射合成 |
CN106536490A (zh) * | 2014-01-03 | 2017-03-22 | 纽泰克温图斯公司 | 放射性碘代化合物 |
CN111954543A (zh) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-11-17 | 首尔国立大学校产学协力财团 | 转位蛋白过表达相关疾病的正电子发射断层摄影放射性示踪剂、用于荧光成像诊断及光动力治疗的转位蛋白靶向配体及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1732865A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
WO2005097713A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
US20070092441A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
US20110196149A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
CN1938244B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
JP2007532524A (ja) | 2007-11-15 |
US7935852B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 |
GB0407952D0 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
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