CN1921771A - 用于预防感冒的组合物 - Google Patents
用于预防感冒的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1921771A CN1921771A CNA2005800052166A CN200580005216A CN1921771A CN 1921771 A CN1921771 A CN 1921771A CN A2005800052166 A CNA2005800052166 A CN A2005800052166A CN 200580005216 A CN200580005216 A CN 200580005216A CN 1921771 A CN1921771 A CN 1921771A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有维生素C和银杏黄素的用于预防感冒的组合物、该组合物在制备用于预防感冒的药物中的用途、一种使用该组合物来预防感冒的方法以及一种制备感冒预防药的方法。本发明的组合物具有抑制流感病毒、冠状病毒、鼻病毒和腺病毒等感冒病毒的优异效果,可显著地增强免疫力,并且可用作预防感冒的保健产品或没有细胞毒性的感冒药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有维生素C和银杏黄素的用于预防感冒的组合物、该组合物在制备用于预防感冒的药物方面的用途、一种使用该组合物来预防感冒的方法以及一种制备感冒预防药的方法。
背景技术
人类所面临的最危险的疾病是传染病,这种病的一个病因是病毒,其尺寸、形状、化学组成以及对宿主的影响各不相同。到目前为止,所发现的有治疗和预防效果的抗病毒剂只适用于乙型肝炎、甲型和乙型流感、HIV等。抗病毒剂对宿主具有极高的毒性,只限于局部使用。因此,需要对宿主具有抗毒性并且能够有效对抗各种病毒的抗病毒剂,但目前还没有这种抗病毒剂。
感冒是一种由人类最常见的病毒引起的疾病。感冒时常发生,治疗和照顾非常麻烦,而且在普通医院里接受治疗的病人有25~33%都患有急性上呼吸道感染,也就是感冒。感冒的症状包括流涕、咳嗽、发烧、发冷、肌肉疼痛和头痛,由上呼吸道黏膜的炎症反应所引起。每年,全世界有10-15%的成人,或者说有3亿人得感冒,由此造成的经济损失逾10亿美元。此外,已经知道感冒是由大约两百种病毒引起的,例如鼻病毒、流感病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道疹病毒、肠道病毒、冠状病毒、柯萨奇病毒、艾柯病毒、正粘病毒、副粘病毒等。由继发性感染引起的疾病比感冒本身更为严重。特别是对于儿童来说,空气传染是非常严重的,可能威胁他们的生命。因此,在5岁和5岁以下的儿童中,对于空气传染性肺病所引起的死亡,感冒被认为是最重要的病因。另一方面,已知有30~50%的成人感冒的病因不明,而其他成人感冒的病因则与儿童一样。
在感冒的各种病因中,由流感病毒传染引起的感冒会导致发冷,还会伴有高烧、肌痛、无力、呼吸道痛、头痛和腹痛,并且其引发病毒是粘液病毒的A、B和C群。这些流感病毒会引起类似的症状,但具有完全不同的抗原特性。流感病毒的流行性在全球范围内是周期性的,甲型流感的流行周期是2-3年,乙型流感的流行周期是4-5年。流感是可以通过现代医学预防的几种病毒之一,但疫苗的效果非常低。目前,流感疫苗对甲型和乙型病毒有效,但预防率只有60~70%。新病毒株的标准疫苗每年都需要重新制备,但保持免疫力的周期非常短。能够有效预防和治疗流感的药物是盐酸金刚烷胺和盐酸金刚乙胺。但是,据报告,这些药物只对甲型流感病毒有效,并且在严重感染的情况下,其效率非常低。
成人感冒有30~35%是由鼻病毒引起的,这种病毒在初秋、春季和夏季最为活跃。到目前为止,已发现这种病毒的110种病毒株。已知成人感冒大多数是由冠状病毒引起的。其是从冬季到春季期间所患的感冒的病因。已经发现这种病毒的大约30种病毒株,并且已知这些病毒株大约有四分之三(3/4)可感染人类。由于冠状病毒难以在实验室中培养以进行观察,因此对其特性和毒性的了解不如鼻病毒那样多。
为了防止与病毒有关的感染,一般采用疫苗服用。但是,事实上,不可能制备适合所有与病毒相关的疾病的疫苗,因为每种病毒都有其自己的特异性抗原,从而会在人体中产生特异性保护蛋白。到目前为止,针对各种病毒抗原的疫苗研制尚未取得成功,并且由于每年都会发现各种突变异种,有效疫苗的制备变得更加困难。
因此,预防与病毒有关的疾病的最佳途径是增强身体免疫力并增加抗原抗体反应。因而,提高免疫力可能是一种不错的预防和治疗感冒的方法。在人体中,对病毒侵入的免疫反应是由T细胞来执行的,T细胞可以阻止病毒繁殖,从而通过杀死受病毒感染的细胞而消除病毒。
免疫系统是一种先天的抵抗力,可分成非特异性免疫系统和特异性免疫系统。先天抵抗力表示可以阻止侵入人体的所有入侵者的解剖和生理元素。非特异性免疫系统由噬菌细胞所组成,这些噬菌细胞可以消除已经突破先天抵抗力防线的入侵者,而特异性免疫系统则由淋巴细胞所组成。特异性免疫系统具有记住和区分自己与非己的能力。白细胞建立了第二和第三道防线,用于对抗突破第一防线进入身体的外物。其中,噬菌细胞具有许多溶酶体,其含有酸性水解酶和过氧化物酶,用于积极吞噬微生物或肿瘤细胞。这些细胞具有细胞因子受体,例如INF-γ等。其可以产生细胞因子,例如补体成分、干扰素、白细胞介素-1和肿瘤坏死因子,并且其功能可以通过由T细胞产生的各种细胞因子来增强。而且,T细胞(一种白细胞)在血液中占小淋巴细胞的大约70%.。其在胸腺中分化,并具有TCR,即T细胞抗原受体。外周血液T细胞分成CD4阳性Th细胞(辅助T细胞)和CD8阳性Tc细胞(细胞毒性T细胞)。CD4+Th细胞通过识别与MHC II类分子键结的抗原而活化,并帮助B细胞产生抗体或帮助其他T细胞发挥作用。CD4+Th细胞可以根据所产生的特异性细胞因子而分成Th1和Th2。在实验室老鼠中,Th1细胞分泌白细胞介素-2、INF-γ等,而Th2细胞则分泌IL-4、5、6、9、10、13等。但是,在人体中,IL-2、6、10、13等的产生并不严格划分。此外,不管是什么类型的细胞,一般都会分泌IL-3、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、GM-CSF(人粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)、蛋内啡肽、趋化因子等。Th1参与细胞免疫反应,并且活化细胞毒性和炎症反应。Th2细胞中产生的细胞因子促进抗体的形成(这对产生IgE特别有帮助),并且增强嗜曙红细胞的生长和功能。因而,在抗体的产生和过敏反应中通常会发现Th2细胞因子。而且,已经发现,Th1和Th2细胞因子均具有抑制功能,并且抗IL-4抗体和抗INF-γ抗体可以改变动物感染中的疾病传变。而且,有一个病例显示,注射INF-γ改善了风湿病人的症状。简单来说,可以很好地产生IL-2或INF-γ等的试剂预计可以改善免疫反应的效果,从而有助于预防感冒或治疗早发性感冒。
而且,初生态氧会伤害T细胞的主要组织相容性复合基因群(MHC),从而使T细胞不能有效地攻击病毒,这是免疫力降低的另一个原因。
因此,由于免疫反应可以保护身体免遭各种疾病,所以已尝试用接种疫苗、使用抗毒素等来增强免疫反应,从而预防和治疗疾病。最近,越来越多地将免疫调节剂直接用作控制免疫反应的手段。免疫调节剂通过非特异性地刺激免疫细胞来增强身体的免疫反应,从而增强对抗各种疾病病因的生物防御能力。此类免疫调节剂包括化能合成剂、微生物组合物、生物制剂等。目前市场上的免疫调节剂可能会引起一些副作用,例如,过敏反应、中枢神经系统缺陷、消化不良、窒息、呕吐、食欲减退、腹泻等。
因此,非常需要研制一种免疫增强剂,其可以增强免疫力,不会对人体造成任何副作用。最近,已经通过测试无害食物、从天然物质提取的有效成分、现有中药的功效来进行免疫调节剂的研究。特别是,已经开始从天然物质积极地寻找可增强生物调节和生物防御系统的生理活性材料,并且这些材料逐渐以替代医药或保健产品治疗的形式进入市场。目前,用于预防和治疗由病毒引起的疾病的替代医药市场正在快速发展,并且据报告,1/3的美国人依赖于替代医药,而不是疫苗和化学药物。在欧洲,报告显示,该比率更高。考虑到这种趋势,研制有增强免疫功能效果的药物或食物组合物显得很有必要。
在本发明的基本成分中,维生素C是一种抗坏血酸,与己醣类似,但具有烯二醇基,并且是一种由碳水化合物前体(例如葡萄糖、半乳糖等)合成的碳水化合物。维生素C的水溶液是酸性的,具有强大的脱氧效果,足以影响有害氧的形成和截留,并且在水溶液状态中最不稳定。维生素C广泛分布于肾上腺、视网膜等之中,并且在肝、脾、骨髓、胰腺、胸腺、大脑、脑下垂体和肾中也有很多。维生素C通过参与果仁糖在人体中的水合反应而在合成胶原蛋白的过程中起着重要的作用,参与苯基丙氨酸和酪氨酸的新陈代谢,并且帮助产生肾上腺皮质激素。此外,其有助于治疗动脉硬化和糖尿病,并且可防止胆固醇的过氧化反应。如果缺乏维生素C,可能会引起坏血病、皮下出血、牙周炎、关节痛、体重减轻、贫血等。如果维生素C过多,则可能会引起腹泻、恶心、腹胀以及肾病(仍有争论)。对于每天高达5,000mg的大剂量,还未见有关于这方面副作用的报告。
银杏黄素是本发明的另一种基本成分,其为银杏的叶子或果实中含有的五种双黄酮之一,并且传统上用作抗炎药、抗过敏药和抗风湿药。目前,已经知道双黄酮及其衍生物具有抗癌效果和止痛效果,并且是稳定的止痛剂,很少引起细胞毒性。通常,包括双黄酮在内的类黄酮族大多数在叶子中发现,并且双黄酮是二十种黄酮苷之一。特别地,银杏黄素是七种双黄酮之一,并且已经知道其具有动脉扩张、痉挛、渗透现象减少、血栓溶解等药理效果。另外,银杏黄素通过儿茶酚胺的间接血液控制效果或前列腺素的刺激而起作用,并且已经知道其有抗氧化剂的作用。具体而言,已经在研究将银杏黄素用作关节炎治疗试剂、皮肤抗炎剂、关节炎辅助治疗剂、抗癌剂、脑力促进剂以及抗真菌剂。
可用在本发明中的另一种组合物是麦芽酚,已发现其在西番莲中含量丰富。最近,已作为蒸红参的有效成分之一对麦芽酚进行了积极的研究。麦芽酚被广泛用作食物添加剂,例如食用香精和稳定剂,并且不溶于水,含在菊苣、可可豆、咖啡等之中。就药理效果来说,据报告,麦芽酚可以有效抑制人体或动物体中的癌细胞生长、预防痴呆、使血小板聚集、减轻体重、减少血脂、减少皮肤病等。
可用在本发明中的另一种组合物是维生素A。其以维生素A或其前体的形式存在于自然界中,并且含在黄绿色的蔬菜、瓜、黄瓜、马铃薯、西红柿、鸡蛋、牛奶、肝油等之中。黄绿色蔬菜中含有的类胡罗卜素是维生素A的前体。维生素A由视黄醇、视网醛和视网膜磷酸等三种生物活化剂所组成。α胡罗卜素、β胡罗卜素、γ胡罗卜素、隐黄质等在小肠粘膜中转化为维生素A。身体中保存的大约90%维生素A在肝脏中,其余部分在肺、皮下脂肪、肾和肾上腺中。属于维生素A的活化剂的视网醛是保持正常视力所必需的,并且关系到动物的再生功能。视网膜磷酸有助于生长。维生素A具有一些药理效果,例如,视力保持、上皮组织的生长和分化、生长的维持、再生功能的维持、生物膜结构和功能的维持、视网膜功能控制、抗癌效果、免疫机制的控制效果等。缺乏维生素A会导致下列症状:干燥性角膜疼痛和角膜软化症所引起的夜盲症、结膜干燥、干燥性角膜疼痛、坏死性溃疡、继发性眼睛感染、视力丧失等,并且维生素A中毒表现为疲劳、不适、头痛、脱毛、肌肉和肌腱疼痛、脑水肿、呕吐、皮肤干燥、发烧、肝膨胀、贫血等。
可用在本发明中的另一种组合物是维生素B1。其含在小麦、燕麦、花生、蔬菜、牛奶、各种肉类、糙米等之中。维生素B1通过与体内的ATP(以TPP(辅羧酶)的形式活化)反应产生乙醯辅A,并且在使用乙醯辅A的糖、脂、氨基酸的新陈代谢中起着重要的作用,另外还在戊糖和己醣的转化中用作辅酶。此外,其用作神经-肌肉传导的调节因子,并且其磷酸化与钠管道的轴突传导有关。也就是说,维生素B1具有新陈代谢增强效果,向体内吸收的碳水化合物提供能量,并且还可以使心脏功能、大脑中枢神经和末梢神经保持正常。而且,维生素B1均匀分布于身体组织中。缺乏维生素B会导致下列症状:脚气病、食欲减退、消化不良、溃疡性肠炎、慢性泄泻、肌肉疲劳、运动异常、神经系统失衡等。
可用在本发明中的另一种组合物是维生素D。其有助于吸收钙;控制与骨头破坏和再生有关的各种因素;增加肠内钙和磷的吸收;抑制甲状旁腺激素的分泌;促进造骨细胞的分化;通过抑制IL-1、IL-6、TNFα等的产生来抑制造骨细胞的功能;促进在肾中再吸收钙和磷;等等,并且接触阳光的健康人不需要额外吸收维生素D。根据报告,维生素D中毒的症状包括血钙过多、食欲减退、恶心、呕吐、剧渴性癫狂、尿频、肌肉萎缩、腹泻、关节痛、骨骼萎缩等。缺乏维生素D会导致下列症状:驼背、蛀牙、骨软化、青少年发育不全、肌无力、烦躁不安等。
可用在本发明中的另一种组合物是维生素E。其在被吸收到肠内时需要胆汁酸,并且通过淋巴系统进入血管系统。其吸收率随着脂和摄取量的增加而减少。而且,维生素E通过血液中的脂蛋白移动,并且采用α生育酚的形式。其具有抗氧化剂效果,并可以防止多不饱和脂肪酸被自由基氧化和破坏。缺乏维生素E可能会导致溶血现象,而维生素E中毒则可能会引起头痛、恶心、疲劳、头昏眼花、视力模糊、改变上皮组织,并且可能会增加缺乏维生素K的病人出血的危险。
可用在本发明中的另一种组合物是维生素B。其是从叶酸和菠菜中分离出来的,并且是一种由蝶酰谷氨酸、蝶呤、对胺基苯甲酸和谷氨酸所组成的复合物。其在接受热处理时很稳定,但在酸溶液中容易被还原剂破坏。并且,其在嘌呤、嘧啶的生物合成和丝氨酸-甘氨酸的新陈代谢中起着重要作用。维生素B对于毛发健康、皮肤、神经、粘膜和血液极为重要,并且可发挥免疫功能、抑制动脉硬化,对粘膜癌也有效果。缺乏维生素B会导致下列症状:衰弱、消沉、健忘症、巨红细胞性贫血、体重减轻、消化系统失调、生长停滞等。
这些基本成分和其他可选的元素可局部增强免疫力并抑制某些病毒,但没有任何报告或发现提到使用这些组合物的适当组合来完全预防感冒。
因此,本发明人一直在寻找具有最佳组合比率并满足上述需要的天然组合物,并研制出了一种新颖的组合物,其对抑制感冒病毒和增强免疫力具有出色的效果,并且未显示出任何细胞毒性,该组合物包括上述新成分作为基本元素,其抗病毒效果尚未被人知晓,另外还包括维生素。因此,就得到了本发明。
根据本发明的用于预防病毒疾病的组合物已在临床实验和动物实验中显示出具有出色的效果,可以安全使用,并且可以根据材料的特性采用各种便利的方式制备。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种新颖的组合物,其含有天然药物和维生素作为主要成分。这种新颖的组合物具有抑制冠状病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒和流感病毒等感冒病毒的优异效果,没有细胞毒性,并且可显著增强免疫力。而且,这种新颖的组合物可通过与特异性抗原反应而活化CTL,有效地消除氧自由基,并且通过各种成分的理想组合而选择性地杀死恶性细胞。具体地说,这种组合物可以通过增加对特异性抗原的免疫反应来杀死受病毒感染的细胞,通过迅速增加对流感病毒的特异性抗原有反应的CTL而杀死感染细胞,并且通过活化Th1 CD4+细胞而杀死感染细胞。因而,这种新颖的组合物可通过杀死受病毒感染的细胞并活化免疫系统来预防病毒疾病。
本发明的另一目的是提供含有上述组合物的保健产品。
本发明的另一目的是提供含有维生素C和银杏黄素的组合物在制备用于预防感冒的药物中的用途。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种预防感冒的方法,其包括服用预防剂量的维生素C和银杏黄素。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种通过混合维生素C和银杏黄素来制备感冒预防药的方法。
附图说明
(无)
具体实施方式
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供一种用于预防感冒的组合物,其含有维生素C和银杏黄素。
优选地,本发明的组合物含有以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C、以重量计占1%至20%的银杏黄素,进一步含有麦芽酚更佳。
而且,本发明的组合物可进一步含有一种或多种选自维生素A、维生素B、维生素B1、维生素D和维生素E的维生素。
优选地,本发明的一个实施例含有以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C、以重量计占1%至10%的银杏黄素、以重量计占0.01%至5%的麦芽酚,以及以重量计各占0.01%至7%的维生素A、B1、E、D和B。
所述成分的以上组合比率是通过反复实验得出的。如果比率低于下限,这些成分的生理活化效果可能会降低,如果高于上限,则这些成分的协同和交互效果可能会降低,因为其他成分的生理活化效果可能会降低。
本发明提供含有上述组合物的保健产品。
而且,本发明提供含有维生素C和银杏黄素的组合物在制备用于预防感冒的药物中的用途。
再者,本发明提供一种预防感冒的方法,其包括给需要预防感冒的病人服用预防剂量的维生素C和银杏黄素。
另外,本发明提供一种通过混合维生素C和银杏黄素来制备感冒预防药的方法。
下面将详细说明本发明。
本发明的组合物含有维生素C和银杏黄素作为基本成分。根据下面的实验示例可知,在服用维生素C的组中显示出一些感冒预防效果,但只服用维生素C不足以完全预防感冒。而同时服用维生素C和银杏黄素则几乎可以完全预防感冒。到现在为止,服用银杏黄素可以预防感冒这一点尚未被人知晓。因此,本发明首次显示了通过结合服用维生素C和银杏黄素可有效预防感冒。
本发明的组合物中所使用的银杏黄素是根据传统方法(包括沸水提取法和超声波降解法等),通过使用水或酒精等溶剂,从银杏树的树叶和果实中提取出来的,并且根据传统的精炼工艺和/或冻干法制成粉末。
而且,如下面的实验示例所示,在进一步含有麦芽酚的组中,感冒预防效果特别好,并且在另外含有维生素的组中,感冒预防效果为100%。
本发明的组合物可以根据医药领域的传统方法来制备。也就是说,可以制备成传统的制剂,例如溶液、糖浆等饮料和胶囊,与医药上可以接受的载体、赋形剂等混合;并且可以口服或肠胃外投药。优选地,本发明的组合物可以在饭前和/或饭后以胶囊或饮料的形式口服。
优选地,可以将含有本发明的组合物的胶囊和溶液用作保健产品。这里,“保健产品”指通过使用对人体有益的材料或成分,以药片、胶囊、粉末、颗粒、溶液、药丸等形式制备和加工而成的食品。
本发明的组合物根据如下因素进行适当的选择:身体对活性成分的吸收程度;排泄率;年龄、体重、性别和病人症状;接受治疗的疾病的严重程度等,但一般来说,优选地,成人每天服用0.01-500g/kg本发明的组合物,0.1-200mg/kg更佳。若有必要,可以定时服用几次这样配制的单位剂量制剂。
下面将通过一些示例来详细说明本发明,但应了解,这些示例并非以任何限制的方式来解释本发明。
示例1-8的制备
根据本发明的示例1~8是通过以下表1的组合比率混合维生素C、银杏黄素、麦芽酚和其他维生素而制备的。每种成分的单位是其在整个组合物中所占的重量百分比。
表1
维生素C | 银杏黄素 | 麦芽酚 | 维生素A | 维生素B1 | 维生素E | 维生素D | 维生素B | |
示例1 | 90 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
示例2 | 95 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
示例3 | 89 | 10 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
示例4 | 90 | 7 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - |
示例5 | 78 | 5 | 3 | 7 | - | - | - | 7 |
示例6 | 75 | 10 | 1 | - | - | - | 7 | 7 |
示例7 | 80 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - |
示例8 | 69 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
配方示例1.胶囊制备
示例1的组合物 100mg
乳糖 100mg
淀粉 93mg
滑石 2mg
硬脂酸镁 适量
根据传统的制备方法将上述成分混合,并装入胶囊中,从而获得胶囊制剂。
配方示例2.胶囊制备
示例3的组合物 200mg
乳糖 100mg
淀粉 93mg
滑石 2mg
硬脂酸镁 适量
根据传统的制备方法将上述成分混合,并装入胶囊中,从而获得胶囊制剂。
配方示例3.胶囊制备
示例8的组合物 200mg
乳糖 100mg
淀粉 93mg
滑石 2mg
硬脂酸镁 适量
根据传统的制备方法将上述成分混合,并装入胶囊中,从而获得胶囊制剂。
配方示例4.溶液制备
示例4的组合物 300mg
蔗糖 20g
异构化糖 20g
柠檬味 适量
添加净化水后的总量 100ml
根据传统的制备方法将上述成分混合成溶液,装入100ml的棕色瓶中,并进行杀菌,从而获得溶液制剂。
配方示例5.溶液制备
示例8的组合物 300mg
蔗糖 20g
异构化糖 20g
柠檬味 适量
添加净化水后的总量 100ml
根据传统的制备方法将上述成分混合成溶液,装入100ml的棕色瓶中,并进行杀菌,从而获得溶液制剂。
配方示例6.饮料制备
制备一种组合物,其含有以重量计占10%的示例8的组合物、以重量计占0.1%的柠檬酸、以重量计占0.05%的食物色素添加剂、以重量计占0.05%的桔子香精,以及以重量计占5.0%的果糖,另外还进一步含有一般功能性饮料基料,然后向该组合物中添加净化水,从而获得饮料制剂。
实验示例1
在2000年至2003年的40个月里,通过双盲安慰剂试验,针对实验组的15个人和对照组的15个人测试了本组合物(示例1的组合物)和安慰剂的功效。根据本发明的示例1的组合物和安慰剂都是在饭后服用,一天三次,每次1g。这里,安慰剂是用小麦粉制备的。下面的表2和3中显示了实验结果。在服用本发明的组合物的实验组中,感冒的发生频率在48个月里显著下降,如下表2所示,而对照组共显示了162例感冒,即每人每年平均2.7次。这里,“感冒”是通过高烧或低烧、喉咙痛、干咳、头痛、肌痛和发冷等症状来确定的。
表2
实验组中的感冒频率
年龄 | 性别 | 感冒频率 | |
1 | 62 | 男 | 1 |
2 | 59 | 男 | 2 |
3 | 61 | 男 | 2 |
4 | 71 | 女 | 2 |
5 | 58 | 男 | 0 |
6 | 39 | 女 | 0 |
7 | 43 | 女 | 0 |
8 | 45 | 男 | 1 |
9 | 68 | 女 | 0 |
10 | 78 | 男 | 0 |
11 | 45 | 男 | 1 |
12 | 52 | 男 | 0 |
13 | 63 | 女 | 0 |
14 | 49 | 女 | 1 |
15 | 81 | 男 | 1 |
表3
对照组中的感冒频率
年龄 | 性别 | 感冒频率 | |
1 | 45 | 男 | 11 |
2 | 61 | 女 | 12 |
3 | 53 | 男 | 9 |
4 | 49 | 男 | 10 |
5 | 63 | 女 | 10 |
6 | 38 | 男 | 12 |
7 | 64 | 男 | 8 |
8 | 57 | 女 | 11 |
9 | 71 | 女 | 12 |
10 | 63 | 男 | 10 |
11 | 48 | 男 | 13 |
12 | 58 | 男 | 12 |
13 | 69 | 女 | 9 |
14 | 63 | 男 | 11 |
15 | 60 | 男 | 12 |
实验示例2
本实验示例分析了1999年到2003年的40个月里实验组的12个人和对照组的9个人的感冒病例。实验组在饭后服用示例3的组合物,一天三次,每次1g,但对照组则什么也不服用。这里,“感冒”是通过高烧或低烧、喉咙痛、干咳、头痛、肌痛和发冷等症状来确定的。下面的表4和5中显示了实验结果。在实验组中,只报告了一例感冒,但我们发现这例感冒是因为实验对象停止服用本发明的组合物造成的。在对照组中,总共报告了123例感冒,即每人每年平均3.5次。
表4
实验组中的感冒频率
年龄 | 性别 | 感冒频率 | |
1 | 63 | 男 | 0 |
2 | 65 | 男 | 0 |
3 | 66 | 女 | 0 |
4 | 78 | 男 | 0 |
5 | 61 | 男 | 0 |
6 | 63 | 男 | 0 |
7 | 64 | 男 | 0 |
8 | 38 | 男 | 0 |
9 | 59 | 女 | 0 |
10 | 64 | 男 | 1 |
11 | 65 | 男 | 0 |
12 | 72 | 男 | 0 |
表5
对照组中的感冒频率
年龄 | 性别 | 感冒频率 | |
1 | 43 | 女 | 12 |
2 | 47 | 女 | 11 |
3 | 39 | 男 | 13 |
4 | 44 | 男 | 14 |
5 | 42 | 女 | 12 |
6 | 46 | 女 | 14 |
7 | 39 | 男 | 15 |
8 | 38 | 男 | 12 |
9 | 66 | 男 | 10 |
实验示例3
本实验示例分析了1999年到2003年的40个月里服用示例8的组合物的实验组以及分别服用维生素C和安慰剂(小麦粉)的对照组I和II的感冒病例。下面的表6、7和8中显示了实验结果。两组都是饭后服用,每次1g。这里,“感冒”是通过高烧或低烧、喉咙痛、干咳、头痛、肌痛和发冷等症状来确定的。
表6
实验组中的感冒频率
年龄 | 性别 | 感冒频率 | |
1 | 62 | 男 | 0 |
2 | 59 | 男 | 0 |
3 | 61 | 男 | 0 |
4 | 71 | 女 | 0 |
5 | 58 | 男 | 0 |
6 | 39 | 女 | 0 |
7 | 43 | 女 | 0 |
8 | 45 | 男 | 0 |
9 | 68 | 女 | 0 |
10 | 78 | 男 | 0 |
11 | 45 | 男 | 0 |
12 | 52 | 男 | 0 |
13 | 63 | 女 | 0 |
14 | 49 | 女 | 0 |
15 | 81 | 男 | 0 |
表7
服用维生素C的对照组中的感冒频率
年龄 | 性别 | 感冒频率 | |
1 | 59 | 男 | 6 |
2 | 62 | 女 | 4 |
3 | 58 | 女 | 4 |
4 | 63 | 男 | 5 |
5 | 48 | 男 | 6 |
6 | 46 | 女 | 4 |
7 | 63 | 女 | 5 |
8 | 58 | 男 | 4 |
9 | 49 | 女 | 4 |
10 | 44 | 男 | 5 |
11 | 63 | 女 | 5 |
12 | 71 | 男 | 4 |
13 | 68 | 女 | 7 |
14 | 57 | 男 | 4 |
15 | 63 | 男 | 5 |
表8
服用安慰剂的对照组中的感冒频率
年龄 | 性别 | 感冒频率 | |
1 | 45 | 男 | 11 |
2 | 61 | 女 | 12 |
3 | 53 | 男 | 9 |
4 | 49 | 男 | 10 |
5 | 63 | 女 | 10 |
6 | 38 | 男 | 12 |
7 | 64 | 男 | 8 |
8 | 57 | 女 | 11 |
9 | 71 | 女 | 12 |
10 | 63 | 男 | 10 |
11 | 48 | 男 | 13 |
12 | 58 | 男 | 12 |
13 | 69 | 女 | 9 |
14 | 63 | 男 | 11 |
15 | 60 | 女 | 12 |
作为以上实验的结果,在服用本组合物的实验组、服用维生素C的对照组I和服用安慰剂的对照组II中,每人每年平均感冒次数分别为0、1.5和5.6,这在0.05%的显著性概率下是统计上的显著差异。总之,本发明的组合物达到了100%的感冒预防效果。
实验示例4
本实验的目的是通过测量细胞因子(一种生长因子,例如IL-2、INF-γ、IL-4、IL-10和IL-12)来显示本发明的示例1的组合物的免疫力增强效果。首先,在4℃下,用4pg/ml的每种抗体,涂敷96-孔板达18小时,然后用含有0.05%吐温-20的蒸馏水加以清洗,并在37℃下用1%的BSA和0.05%的吐温封闭1小时。然后,在每个孔中填充100ml实验样本和标准样本,并且在37℃下培养2小时。这样培养之后,对这些板进行清洗,以0.75ml∶1ml的比率将生物素标记的二抗填充到每块板中,并且将抗生蛋白链菌素ALP添加到其上,然后在37℃下培养30分钟。将这些板再次清洗后,将碱性磷酸酶PNPP添加到其上,然后将这些板培养30分钟,并用酶标仪在405nm下测量。每种样本都是从40个月里服用安慰剂、维生素C和本发明的组合物的实验对象采集的。
表9
本组合物的保护性免疫力增强效果(Th1的免疫反应)
服用药物 | 实验样本数 | 血清中的细胞因子(pg/ml) | ||||
IL-2 | INF-γ | IL-4 | IL-10 | IL-12 | ||
安慰剂 | 10 | 31±16 | 36±9 | 0.16±0.03 | 12±9 | 11±6 |
本发明的组合 | 10 | 63±21 | 118±16 | 0.12±0.02 | 8±7 | 38±11 |
维生素C | 10 | 51±19 | 68±12 | 0.14±0.03 | 10±8 | 20±7 |
该结果显示,在服用本发明的组合物的实验组中,Th1的免疫反应显著增强。具体地说,在INF-γ和IL-12水平的情况下,服用本发明的组合物的实验组与服用安慰剂和维生素C的对照组在0.005及更低的显著性概率下显示出很大的差异。但是,在IL-4和IL-10水平(其为Th2免疫反应的标准)的情况下,这两个组在0.09及更低的显著性概率下未显示出显著差异。该实验结果显示,通过服用本发明的组合物,感冒和流感得到了预防,并且其症状得到减轻,从而增强了Th1的免疫反应。
本发明的组合物具有抑制冠状病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒和流感病毒等感冒病毒的优异效果,因此可通过本组合物来完全预防感冒。而且,在40个月期间服用本组合物未显示出任何副作用,因此本发明的组合物可用作保健产品或药物。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于预防感冒的组合物,其含有维生素C和银杏黄素。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其含有以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C和以重量计占1%至20%的银杏黄素。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其进一步含有麦芽酚。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其进一步含有选自维生素A、维生素B、维生素B1、维生素D和维生素E的一种以上的维生素。
5.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其含有以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C、以重量计占1%至10%的银杏黄素、以重量计占0.01%至5%的麦芽酚以及以重量计各占0.01%至7%的维生素A、维生素B1、维生素E、维生素D和维生素B。
6.含有如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物的保健产品。
7.含有维生素C和银杏黄素的组合物在制备用于预防感冒的药物中的用途。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物用途,所述组合物含有以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C和以重量计占1%至20%的银杏黄素。
9.如权利要求7所述的组合物用途,所述组合物进一步含有麦芽酚。
10.如权利要求7至9中任一项所述的组合物用途,所述组合物进一步含有选自维生素A、维生素B、维生素B1、维生素D和维生素E的一种以上的维生素。
11.如权利要求10所述的组合物用途,所述组合物含有以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C、以重量计占1%至10%的银杏黄素、以重量计占0.01%至5%的麦芽酚以及以重量计各占0.01%至7%的维生素A、维生素B1、维生素E、维生素D和维生素B。
12.一种预防感冒的方法,其包括给需要预防感冒的病人服用预防剂量的维生素C和银杏黄素。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其包括服用以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C和以重量计占1%至20%的银杏黄素。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其进一步包括服用麦芽酚。
15.如权利要求12至14中任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括服用选自维生素A、维生素B、维生素B1、维生素D和维生素E的一种以上的维生素。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其包括服用以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C、以重量计占1%至10%的银杏黄素、以重量计占0.01%至5%的麦芽酚以及以重量计各占0.01%至7%的维生素A、维生素B1、维生素E、维生素D和维生素B。
17.一种通过混合维生素C和银杏黄素来制备感冒预防药的方法。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其包括混合以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C和以重量计占1%至20%的银杏黄素。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其进一步包括混合麦芽酚。
20.如权利要求17至19中任一项所述的方法,其进一步包括混合选自维生素A、维生素B、维生素B1、维生素D和维生素E的一种以上的维生素。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法,其包括混合以重量计占20%至90%的维生素C、以重量计占1%至10%的银杏黄素、以重量计占0.01%至5%的麦芽酚以及以重量计各占0.01%至7%的维生素A、维生素B1、维生素E、维生素D和维生素B。
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CN102204892A (zh) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-10-05 | 贵州大学 | 银杏黄酮苷元滴丸及其制备方法 |
CN106822263A (zh) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-13 | 谢松甫 | 预防感冒的中药包 |
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KR20110040629A (ko) * | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-20 | 웅진코웨이주식회사 | 은행 추출물을 포함하는 신종인플루엔자 a (h1n1) 바이러스 감염의 예방용 조성물, 상기 조성물을 포함하는 기상필터 및 상기 필터를 포함하는 공기청정기 |
KR101176305B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-14 | 2012-08-23 | 웅진코웨이주식회사 | 붉나무 추출물을 포함하는 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염의 예방용 조성물, 상기 조성물을 포함하는 기상필터 및 상기 필터를 포함하는 공기청정기 |
US9119814B2 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2015-09-01 | Woongjin Coway Co., Ltd. | Composition for prevention of influenza viral infection comprising sumac extract, air filter comprising the same and air cleaning device comprising the filter |
KR101443510B1 (ko) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-09-19 | 연세대학교 원주산학협력단 | 치커리 추출물을 유효성분으로 함유하는 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물 및 이의 제조방법 |
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