CN1913724A - 电声传感器 - Google Patents

电声传感器 Download PDF

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CN1913724A
CN1913724A CNA2006101213000A CN200610121300A CN1913724A CN 1913724 A CN1913724 A CN 1913724A CN A2006101213000 A CNA2006101213000 A CN A2006101213000A CN 200610121300 A CN200610121300 A CN 200610121300A CN 1913724 A CN1913724 A CN 1913724A
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coil
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CN1913724B (zh
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K·B·汉森
L·约翰森
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Gettop Europe R&D ApS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02Details
    • H04R9/025Magnetic circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02Details
    • H04R9/04Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/046Construction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02Details
    • H04R9/04Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/046Construction
    • H04R9/047Construction in which the windings of the moving coil lay in the same plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06Loudspeakers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/06Coil winding
    • H01F41/071Winding coils of special form
    • H01F2041/0711Winding saddle or deflection coils
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/30Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
    • H01F27/306Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/10Connecting leads to windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/066Electromagnets with movable winding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10General applications
    • H04R2499/11Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/08Microphones

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Abstract

一种电声传感器,包括具有一对限定其间间隙的相对表面的导磁材料的磁路,该磁路包括在间隙中感应磁场的磁铁,该磁铁具有构成相对表面中一个的表面。该磁路还包括一个横隔膜和一个绑定到该横隔膜的具有导电通路的线圈。该线圈的部分路径位于间隙中。

Description

电声传感器
本案是申请号为02804175.5、申请日为2002年1月25日、发明名称为“电声传感器”的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及电声传感器,尤其涉及带横隔膜的电动式传感器,该横隔膜带有可在磁场中运动的线圈。
背景技术
电声传感器,尤其是电动式传感器,在要求尺寸小的通信设备,如有线或移动电话,中广泛使用。用在例如移动电话中的传统电动式麦克风和扬声器传感器是旋转对称的并有一块圆盘或环状的永久磁铁,它是在磁铁的轴向上被磁化的。被磁化的软铁或其它合适材料的磁路限定了一条具有由该磁铁建立的径向磁场的间隙。一个横隔膜带有位于该间隙中的导电金属线的环状线圈。
如果限定该间隙的内外组件没有完全共轴,则该间隙将没有统一的宽度,这导致沿该间隙的磁场分布变形。在这种变形的磁场中,携带音频电流的线圈将不线性运动,而是会倾斜,这引起线性或非线性的失真。
在这种传感器中,环状间隙中的磁场是径向的,因此在其内边界的磁场固有地比在其外边界的磁场要强。没有完全位于中心的线圈会导致与上述同样的失真。
发明内容
不管传感器是麦克风还是扬声器传感器,都可以利用本发明避免磁场中的这种不均匀性,由此从传感器获得更清晰的输出。磁场比已知传感器中的要强,由此该传感器可以做得更小但仍然具有同样的灵敏度,这将被例如移动电话的制造商们所接受。此外,与传统传感器相比,由于磁路,该传感器有减小的杂散磁场。
附图简述
下面参考附图对本发明进行具体说明,其中:
图1是从上面看示出本发明一种优选实施方案的透视图,其中主要部件被分解,
图2示出了从下面透视的相同部件,
图3示出了图1-2中传感器的磁路,及
图4示出了在中间生产阶段用于图1-2中传感器的线圈。
发明详述
图1和2示出了电动式传感器10,其主要部件包括:磁路20、线圈30和横隔膜40。图3也示出了磁路20。
在图3中看得最清楚,磁路20具有两条长臂21和两条短臂22,它们的端子连在一起构成一个通常为矩形的环。中间臂23连在两条短臂22之间,将矩形环的内部分成两个矩形开口24。磁路的两条长臂21、两条短臂22和中间臂23是优选地具有高磁饱和值的软磁材料。两条长臂21和中间臂23面向开口24的表面通常是平面,并且在其间限定间隙。在面向开口24的每条长臂21的平面侧25上有附着在侧面25的磁铁26。每个磁铁26都具有附着到长臂的磁极表面和相对的面向开口和中间臂23的不同极性的平面27的自由磁极表面29,由此在自由磁极表面29和中间臂的表面27之间限定磁间隙28。
在一种可选实施方案中(未示出),磁铁26可以附着到中间臂23的侧面27。这样,每个磁铁26都具有附着到中间臂23的磁极表面和相对的面向开口和长臂21不同极性的平面25的自由磁极表面29a,由此在自由磁极表面29a和长臂的表面25之间限定磁间隙(在图1和3中标为28),而不是在中间臂23和磁铁26之间。
每个磁铁26都在相应的间隙28中建立磁场,而磁返回路径是通过中间臂23、短臂22和长臂21限定的。这样,磁返回路径就完全包围了磁间隙28,其中每个磁铁都有一个限定间隙28的磁极表面。这给出了一种非常平而紧凑的磁系统结构,磁场集中在间隙28中并且具有小杂散磁场,这使得有高灵敏性和对磁场屏蔽的低要求。在图1和2中,图3的磁系统20,例如通过浇铸或安装在预先成型的“盒子”中,位于塑料外壳50中。该塑料外壳可以用底封闭开口24或者就让其开着。
图4示出了用于传感器10的线圈30的一种实施方案。线圈30是导电细金属线如铜的绕组,包括多个彼此例如通过漆表面层电隔离的线匝。该线圈有一个与附图垂直的线圈轴。如在本领域中已知的,在缠绕的过程中金属线和线圈被加热,由此漆变得有粘性并将绕组彼此粘在一起,从而物理固定线圈。线圈30的金属线有两个用于将线圈电连接到例如电路的金属线端子。
线圈30在通常绕在具有矩形横截面的心轴上,由此该线圈有如图4所示的形状,有通常为矩形的开口32和通常为圆角矩形的外部轮廓。在图4中,该线圈相对较平,厚度小于其内外轮廓之间的径向宽度-一般是半径的10-30%或者取决于要在该线圈上执行的后续操作。
在以期望的金属线匝数缠绕该线圈并形成期望的形状和厚度以后,将它从心轴拿开。由于该线圈还是热的,而由于高温心轴也还是软的,因此该线圈在平面线圈的平面中利用一个(未示出的)弯曲装置沿两个平行的弯曲轴33弯曲。从而该线圈有图1和2中所示的形状,线圈的两个长部分34相对于两个短部分35弯曲了90度,而且两个长部分34现在是彼此平行的。在弯曲后使线圈冷却,漆就不再有柔性,从而线圈就固定了。
在一种可选实施方案中,线圈可以由有柔性的薄片,如有柔性的印制电路板即柔性印制板(Flexprint)构成。这种柔性薄片将在其上带有预定的导电通路,从而构成类似线圈的通电路径。如后面将要说明的,在其优选实施方案中,横隔膜也具有导电部分。因此,线圈和横隔膜可以利用单个带合适导电通路的柔性印制板薄片来制造,而且可以用以下方式为薄片成形:形成线圈的两个长部分并且与整个横隔膜/线圈结构的剩余部分成90度。
随后将弯曲并固定的线圈绑定到横隔膜40。该横隔膜是由柔性薄片制成的。在其底侧,即图2所示的侧面,横隔膜40有导电部分41,而线圈的两个短部分35,例如通过黏合剂,绑定到横隔膜的底侧,而两个金属线端子31,例如通过焊接,电连接到各导电部分41。由于线圈绑定到横隔膜40,因此将金属线端子直接连接到横隔膜显著地降低了传感器工作,即横隔膜运动,时折断/损坏金属线的危险。
但是,金属线端子还可以例如通过焊接,电连接到外壳上的接线端。
横隔膜40的形状是矩形,舌片42从该横隔膜的长臂伸出来,导电部分41延伸到该舌片,因此舌片上的导电部分41电连接到线圈各金属线端子31。
随后,将带绑定到其上的线圈30的横隔膜40安装到磁系统20上,线圈的两个长部分34分别在各自的间隙28中。因此,长部分34还可以指线圈的间隙部分。线圈的两个短部分35位于中间臂23之上,并将线圈的两个间隙部分连接起来。横隔膜沿其长臂被绑定到磁系统。该横隔膜有与外壳边缘51内侧之间距离对应的宽度。如果希望,横隔膜的长臂可以通过一种黏合剂绑定到磁系统。横隔膜的短臂优选地是不受约束的,由此提供了一个窄槽,以便在横隔膜的两侧之间允许空气进入。该槽隙可以调节以便获得影响传感器声音性能的期望的声音特性,尤其是在低频下。
如果希望,横隔膜的短臂也可以绑定到磁系统或外壳,或者可选地,该槽隙可以用一种柔性物质封闭从而允许短臂运动。但是,该柔性物质阻止空气从横隔膜的一侧通向另一侧。
在优选实施方案中,横隔膜是矩形的,但也可以使用其它形状。
在图1中,可以看到磁路是由若干层叠加而成的,而最上层省略了中间臂23,从而最上层通常是矩形环状的,有两条长臂和两条短臂。“缺少”的中间臂部分为容纳线圈的桥接部分35提供了空间。但是,该“缺少”部分不是必须的-还有其它为线圈的桥接部分35提供必要空间的布置,如在中间臂23中提供凹槽(一般是2个)。
磁路还可以制成一个固体块或将中间臂插入其中的外环。
图1和2还示出,塑料外壳50在其侧面有两个在外壳50底部终止的凹槽52。凹槽52有与舌片42宽度对应的宽度。舌片42会弯曲并被容纳在各凹槽52中,而舌片的端子被容纳在外壳50底部的凹槽部分中。舌片的端子弯曲180度,从而使导电部分的端子露出来,或者一个连通镀孔将通过该舌片建立电连接。从而,舌片导电部分的端子部分将作为传感器的电极。
可选地,舌片导电部分的端子部分可以焊接到安装在塑料壳50的凹槽52中的电极。
该传感器优选地具有在横隔膜前面开口的前盖。该传感器可以用作通信设备如移动电话中的麦克风或扬声器传感器。
矩形横隔膜沿两条相对的边,优选地是长臂,保持平衡,而对另外两条边则不加约束。因此,可以获得横隔膜一种简单的弯曲运动,与其横隔膜沿整个周边都要保持平衡的传感器相比,本发明的传感器即使有比较厚的横隔膜也会有相对较高的灵敏性。
该传感器同样适于用作扬声器传感器和麦克风。当用作扬声器传感器时,向终端提供音频电信号,在线圈金属线的间隙部分产生中的电流将与间隙中的磁场相互作用,使线圈和横隔膜运动并产生音频声音。同样,当用作麦克风时,对横隔膜起作用的音频声音将使其运动,并且当线圈金属线的间隙部分在磁场中运动时,将产生电信号并在传感器的终端输出。
在优选实施方案中,磁路是矩形的,而且有两个容纳线圈间隙部分的间隙,其中该间隙是在两个相对的平面之间限定的。在另一种配置中,磁路可以有四个象正方形的边一样排列的间隙,而线圈将相应地同样有四个象正方形的边一样排列的间隙部分。线圈的桥接部分将位于正方形的拐角上并在四个位置绑定到横隔膜。磁路的外轮廓可以具有任何期望的形状,包括圆形。此外,线圈的间隙和间隙部分可以弯曲成圆弧。

Claims (16)

1、一种电声传感器(10),包括:
磁路(20),该磁路(20)包括在间隙(28)中感应磁场的磁铁(26),
基本为平面的横隔膜(40),该基本为平面的横隔膜(40)包括导电部分(41),
线圈(30),该线圈(30)绑定到基本为平面的横隔膜(40)上,该线圈(30)包括电连接到基本为平面的横隔膜(40)的导电部分(41)的导电通路端子(31),该导电部分(41)还有使传感器(10)电气停止的外部访问部分。
2、根据权利要求1的传感器(10),其中该线圈(30)包括限定一个桥接平面的桥接部分(35)和在该桥接平面外面的间隙部分(34),其中该桥接平面具有一个将线圈(30)绑定到横隔膜(40)的基本水平的表面,间隙部分(34)包括多个与桥接平面基本平行的导电段。
3、根据权利要求2的传感器(10),其中间隙部分(34)中的导电段基本上是直线形的。
4、根据权利要求1-3的任一权利要求的传感器(10),其中线圈(30)是由缠绕的电导线构成的。
5、根据权利要求1-3的任一权利要求的传感器(10),其中该线圈(30)是由在柔性电路板,如柔性印制板,上构成的导电通路构成的。
6、根据前面所述任一权利要求的传感器(10),其中导磁材料的一对相对表面((27、29)或(25、29a))限定间隙(28),磁铁(26)具有构成相对表面之一的表面(29或29a),其中导磁材料中的磁返回路径限定一个基本平行于由所述基本为平面的横隔膜(40)限定的一个平面。
7、根据前面所述任一权利要求的传感器(10),其中磁路(20)有两对限定第一和第二间隙(28)的相对表面((27、29)或(25、29a)),其中线圈(30)具有位于第一和第二间隙(28)的相应间隙中的其路径的第一和第二间隙部分(34),而路径的桥接部分(35)将路径的第一和第二间隙部分(34)互相连接起来,线圈(30)在桥接部分(35)绑定到该横隔膜(40)。
8、根据权利要求7的传感器(10),其中相对表面((27、29)或(25、29a))中的每一对基本上都是彼此基本平行的平面。
9、根据权利要求7或8的传感器(10),其中磁路(20)包括其中具有两个开口(24)的软磁材料(21、22、23)体。
10、根据权利要求9的传感器(10),其中每一个磁铁(26)都附着到软磁材料(21)上,以便在该软磁材料(21、22、23)体的内部臂(27)的表面和磁铁的表面(29)之间形成间隙(28)。
11、根据权利要求9的传感器(10),其中每一个磁铁(26)都附着到软磁材料(21)上以便在软磁材料体的外部臂(25)的表面和磁铁的表面(29a)之间形成间隙(28)。
12、根据权利要求9-11的任一权利要求的传感器(10),其中磁路中的开口(24)是直通的。
13、根据前面所述任一权利要求的传感器(10),还包括用于放置磁路(20)的外壳(50),外壳(50)包括一个由两对边限定的矩形开口,所述基本为平面的横隔膜(40)以一种至少部分覆盖该矩形开口的方式附着到外壳(50)。
14、根据权利要求13的传感器(10),其中所述基本为平面的横隔膜(40)是矩形的,从而可以覆盖外壳(50)的矩形开口。
15、根据权利要求13的传感器(10),其中所述基本为平面的横隔膜(40)附着到外壳(50)两对边中的一对。
16、根据权利要求13的传感器(10),其中所述基本为平面的横隔膜(40)附着到外壳(50)的两对边。
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EP1354496A1 (en) 2003-10-22
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US20050031152A1 (en) 2005-02-10
DE60201885D1 (de) 2004-12-16
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US7062063B2 (en) 2006-06-13
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