CN1890705A - 干涉调制器中的面积阵列调制和引线减少 - Google Patents
干涉调制器中的面积阵列调制和引线减少 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种光调制器被布置成一包含若干行与若干列干涉显示元件的阵列。每一元件被分成若干子行的子元件。阵列连接线将操作信号传输到所述显示元件，其中一条连接线对应于所述阵列中的一行显示元件。子阵列连接线电连接到每一阵列连接线。开关将所述操作信号从每一阵列连接线传输到所述子行以实现灰度级调制。
Description
技术领域
无
背景技术
干涉调制器(例如iMoDTM)通过控制照射在调制器前表面上的光的自干涉来调制光。这些类型的调制器通常采用一个具有至少一个可移动或可偏转壁的腔。此可偏转壁移动穿过平行于腔的前壁(即，照射在调制器前表面上的光所首先碰撞到的壁)的平面。当通常至少部分地由金属组成且为高反射性的可移动壁朝向腔的前表面移动时，在腔内发生光的自干涉，且前壁与可移动壁之间不断变化的距离影响从腔的前表面上射出的光的颜色。因为干涉调制器通常为直视型装置，所以前表面通常为呈现被观众看见的图像的表面。
通常，干涉调制器由在支撑物上所形成的膜而构成，所述支撑物限定对应于图像的图象元素(像素)的个别机械元件。在单色显示中，例如在黑色与白色之间切换的显示，一个元件可对应于一个像素。在彩色显示中，每一像素可由三个元件构成，其中的每个元件各自用于红色、绿色和蓝色。单独地控制个别元件以产生所要的像素反射率。
在一个操作实例中，将电压施加到腔的可移动壁，使其被静电吸引到前表面，进而又影响被观众所看见的像素的颜色。在生产具有精确且可重复的机械性质的调制器的过程中存在困难，从而具体施加的模拟电压使得用作干涉腔后面的反射镜的可移动壁产生具体的模拟位移。为产生精确且可重复的颜色组合，典型的调制器仅使用可移动反射镜的二元位移。在此操作模式中，将发现任何给定的可移动反射镜-壁在其静态，此时其产生上述颜色状态中的一个状态，或在其完全偏转状态，此时其产生黑色光学状态，都是静止的。
因此，这些二元操作调制器对于每一像素仅能够显示两个灰度级，例如在单色调制器的情况下为黑色和白色，或者对于每一像素显示八个颜色，例如在彩色调制器的情况下为(例如)红色、绿色、蓝色、青色、黄色、紫红色、黑色和白色。希望在单色显示中显示额外的灰度梯度，且在彩色显示的情况下显示额外的颜色。由于控制每一像素的单一单色反射镜或每一像素的三色反射镜的模拟偏转可能过于困难，因而需要设计一种具有更复杂像素结构的调制器架构。
发明内容
无
附图说明
通过参看图式阅读揭示内容可最好地理解本发明的实施例，其中：
图1展示干涉调制器的实例。
图2展示现有技术中面积控制LCD调制器像素(其中包括其相应的连接引线)的实施方式。
图3展示使用面积阵列调制具有减少的引线的干涉调制器的实施例。
图4展示多路复用干涉调制器的定时图。
图5展示使用面积阵列调制具有减少的引线的干涉调制器的另一实施例。
图6展示使用等量加权区域的干涉调制器的定时图。
图7展示使用面积阵列调制的干涉调制器的另一实施例。
图8a-8c展示电级联干涉调制器元件的实施例。
图9展示类似于用作开关的干涉调制器元件的可偏转元件的实施例。
图10展示用于说明如何通过改变电压脉冲的振幅和持续时间来选择性地对可偏转元件进行寻址的图表。
具体实施方式
图1展示干涉光调制器的实例。此特定实例为iMoDTM，但任何干涉调制器均可利用本发明的实施例。并非暗示或旨在限制或局限于iMoDTM调制器。
调制器通常由按行与列配置的个别元件的阵列组成。图1中所示的一个元件具有一处于通常为玻璃的透明衬底10上的电极层12。调制器的光学谐振的干涉腔的一表面14制造于该电极层上且一氧化层16覆盖此表面。该腔的平行表面，反射镜20，经由支撑物18而悬挂于腔的上方。操作时，当激活玻璃衬底上的电极时，反射镜20被静电吸引朝向玻璃衬底。反射镜20的偏转改变腔的尺寸并致使腔内的光通过干涉而被调制。
从直视型显示所得的图象元素(像素)将由例如图1中所示的干涉光调制器的元件组成。这些调制器元件中的每一个在反射镜20处于未偏转状态时将为亮或“ON”。当反射镜20以其在腔内的整个设计深度朝向腔的前表面移动时，腔内的改变致使所得像素为“暗”或OFF。对于彩色像素，依据调制器配置和显示颜色方案，个别调制元件的ON状态可为白色、红色、绿色、蓝色或其他颜色。最通常地，一个单一颜色像素将由许多个产生干涉蓝色光的调制器元件、类似数目的产生干涉红色光的元件和类似数目的产生干涉绿色光的元件组成。通过根据显示信息移动反射镜，调制器可产生全彩图像。
最基本的显示同时激活一像素内给定颜色的所有调制器元件，其结果可能为每一像素八种颜色。本发明提供使一像素内给定颜色的某些元件与同一颜色的其他元件分别地激活。此使得多倍强度的红色光、多倍强度的蓝色光和多倍强度的绿色光能够混合于一给定像素内。结果，干涉显示中每一像素能够有数千种颜色，而不是每一像素限于8种颜色。
类似类型的面积加权调制已实施于其他类型的显示中。举例而言，与美国专利第5,499,037号中的图9相对应，图2展示出一面积加权方法。在此实例中，通过产生一含有9个单独像素元件的子像素来提供16个强度级，其中所述9个单独像素元件是以六个电极进行寻址，三个形成为水平连接引线且三个形成为垂直连接引线。以此方式形成的一个全彩像素可具有9个垂直引线，三个用于红色，三个用于绿色和三个用于蓝色，且相同的三条水平引线展示于图2中。此像素提供4096种颜色(16×16×16)，但在具有12条引线时其将产生比具有四条引线以提供八种颜色的像素更为复杂的显示系统。
因为干涉调制器的个别元件倾向于在二元模式下操作，静态为亮且完全偏转状态为暗，所以模拟操作并非容易地可用。因此，干涉调制器很可能从面积控制法的操作中获益。本发明的实施例的一个目的正是提供一种面积控制操作的方法，其独特地适用于干涉调制器且降低先前实施所要求的复杂性。
图3展示要求较少引出线且仍提供较高位深度的干涉调制器面积控制架构的一个实施例。驱动器装置50每一显示行具有一个输出引脚，且一连接线提供于每一驱动器装置输出引脚与调制器阵列的一相应行之间。单行连接在包含有若干个子行的显示元件的子元件之间多路复用。在此引入术语显示元件以指定整个显示表面的某一区域。显示元件为子元件的集合，其通常解析于呈现一组连贯图像信息的显示的一部分中。最典型的显示元件可对应于所得图像中的单一像素。图3中的显示元件40已分成三列42、44和46，在40代表一个像素的情形下，通常一列用于代表例如红色、绿色和蓝色的每一个颜色。另外，每一列已分成按子行配置的4个子元件。
为理解图3中的系统如何运行，设想驱动器装置50的行选择输出通常在一以输出1开始、接着进行到输出2等等的序列模式中变为有源。当定时信号致使行5变为有源时，开关56闭合且开关58断开，从而使有源驱动器引脚电压被施加到子元件42a、44a和46a的子行。同时，可连接到未在图3中示出的驱动器装置的数据线43、45和47被适当的电压驱动，以致使子元件42a、44a和46a切换到适于与显示元件40相关联的当前图像内容的状态。
一旦子元件42a、42b和42c已到达其新寻址的位置，开关56立刻断开且开关58闭合。其后，开关57即刻闭合且开关59断开，且数据线43、45和47被驱动到适用于子像素42b、44b和46b的适当值。此序列继续进行直到已用四个不同数据组驱动所述三条数据线以更新显示元件40中的12个子像素。接着对行6、7等等重复此序列。
如图3中所示，定时/开关-激活信号与整个显示中所有其他行共享，使得每一行的第一子行的开关在任一行的第一子行有源时触发，对于第二、第三和第四子行也如此。然而，只有用于有源行的驱动器输出引脚是以有源寻址电压电平通电的。所有非有源行均保持在非选择偏压，而有源行升高到数据选择电压。以此方式，除有源子行以外的所有子行中的元件具有相同的非选择电压，而与定时信号的状态无关且因此与子行内开关的位置无关。应注意，在期望最终低功耗的情况下，可使用遮蔽电路来避免非有源、行选择开关的切换。
如从图3可见，开关56和58以及其他连接到定时信号线的开关被制造为类似于干涉元件的微机电装置，例如图1中所示的干涉调制器。因为所述阵列经历微机电处理以产生干涉显示元件，所以在围绕阵列的区域中制造这些“额外的”元件不会产生额外的复杂性或必要地提高装置的成本。子行的多路复用可以其他类型开关进行，其中包括(但不限于)以不类似于制造干涉元件的方式的制造方式制成的微机电开关和通过使用沉积在调制器的玻璃衬底上的硅薄膜制成的较为常规的电子开关。
这里使用的术语“类似于”意指装置具有包含电极、腔和悬挂于腔的上方的反射镜的相同的基本结构。当构造电开关时，无需在干涉调制元件中玻璃衬底的附近制造光学功能性，且可希望消除此光学功能性。仅需要的是完全偏转时反射镜与两个传导区域形成接触(且因此电性地连接)，所述两个传导区域最有可能由用于制造寻址电极的薄膜层和/或用于形成光学谐振腔的前壁的传导层制造而成。此与干涉元件的操作方式不同，这正是开关结构“类似于”显示元件而不是与后者相同的原因。
图4中展示出行5的一个可能操作的定时图。在t0，如从调制器看到，行4的信号为高。在t1，行4的信号转为低且行5变为有源。类似地，行5A的线变为有源。在t2，行5A转为低且行5B变为有源。对于行5C和5D此连续地持续进行。
此实施例致使阵列与驱动器之间具有较少数目的连接。在调制器阵列的周围区域中，实现驱动子行中的个别子元件所必需的连接，从而使其与阵列为“芯片上(on-chip)”形式的关系，而无需驱动器装置为每一子元件提供单独的输出引脚。
图3中所示的子元件已被牵拉以具有近似相等的面积。另一有用的几何形状使用具有相对于彼此的二元“实体”加权的子元件。如在图7的显示元件70中可见，仅使用4个此等子元件来提供4位深度。举例而言，区域78的尺寸近似等于显示元件70的整个尺寸的二分之一。子元件74的尺寸近似等于下一个最大子元件(在此情形下，为子元件78)尺寸的二分之一，从而使子元件74的尺寸为显示元件整个尺寸的四分之一。每一随后的子元件的尺寸都近似等于下一个最大子元件尺寸的二分之一。子元件72的尺寸为74的尺寸的二分之一，或70的尺寸的八分之一。子元件71为72的二分之一，或70的十六分之一。
视需要激活具有不同实体尺寸的元件以实现具有给定颜色强度的整体显示像素。下表通过参考数字来展示对于每一颜色强度水平的ON状态的子元件。
| 颜色强度 | ON状态的子元件 |
| 0 | 无 |
| 1 | 71 |
| 2 | 72 |
| 3 | 71、72 |
| 4 | 74 |
| 5 | 71、74 |
| 6 | 72、74 |
| 7 | 71、72、74 |
| 8 | 78 |
| 9 | 71、78 |
| 10 | 72、78 |
| 11 | 71、72、78 |
| 12 | 74、78 |
| 13 | 71、74、78 |
| 14 | 72、74、78 |
| 15 | 71、72、74、78 |
尽管这里描述为以图3的多路复用技术进行寻址，但是此面积加权的实施可与上文描述的多路复用技术分开使用。将导致互连复杂性增加，但此相对较低水平的复杂性在许多系统中将是可接受的。
在一替代实施例中，4位深度是通过将一显示元件的每一子列划分成16(24)个子元件而实现的。每一子列中的每一组16个子元件以级联的形式连接在一起，且因此被称为“子元件级联”。个别级联的子元件可被制造以用作干涉调制元件和电开关，例如图3中所示的那些干涉调制元件和电开关。替代地，每一个别干涉子元件可具有直接相邻地制造的一电开关。
图5展示具有用于4位深度的子元件级联的显示元件60的实例。三条列线连接到一子元件级联中的第一元件；子元件61r为红色级联中的第一元件，61g为绿色级联中的第一元件和61b为蓝色级联中的第一元件，红色级联中最后的元件为615r和616r。对于颜色强度的控制由施加到列线的寻址脉冲的宽度来提供。此可通过查看图8和图9中所示的两个可能的子元件配置来最好地加以理解。
在图8a中，于横截面中展示出一子列的子元件成员，例如图5中所示的子元件61r、62r和63r。干涉腔由悬挂的可移动反射镜元件(例如82)和前表面光学膜叠层(例如84)来限定。在此情形下，所述悬挂的可移动元件还用作开关的接触器，如同图3中所示开关的功能。传导元件86a-86e排列于每一子元件中，与光学膜叠层相邻。当可移动反射镜82与光学膜叠层84形成接触时，子元件已从一个光学状态切换到另一光学状态。另外，因为可移动反射镜现将导体86a与导体86b相连接，所以电路完成。
子元件级联通过将寻址电压的一个极性施加到移动的反射镜84和固定触点86a来进行寻址。寻址电压的第二极性施加到光学膜叠层84内或其下方的电极。所得的电位差致使反射镜82偏转，从而完成导体86a与86b之间的连接，如图8b中所示。在第一电压极性现已(经由反射镜82)施加到导体86b时，反射镜92最终将偏转，如图8c中所示。此过程将继续进行直到所有级联反射镜已坍缩，或直到寻址脉冲被去除。因此，显示元件的反射强度通过控制寻址脉冲的持续时间(或脉冲宽度)而被控制。
图6展示分别具有色值12、13和3的一子元件级联的三个连续寻址序列的定时图。色值0为“黑”或OFF，且色值16将代表级联的所有子元件均被打开。寻址脉冲展示于顶线中。如可见，随着寻址脉冲的持续时间增加，更多的反射镜元件被激活，进入到“黑”或OFF状态中。在第一寻址脉冲期间，四个元件进入到“黑”状态中，且实现色值12-12个元件仍处于亮状态。参看图5，此可对应于依次切换到“黑”状态的子元件61r、62r、63r和64r。
在第二寻址期间，寻址脉冲较短，且只有三个元件切换到“黑”状态。在最后寻址中，13个元件切换到“黑”状态，而得到为三的相当暗的反射率色值。定时图中的不连续性代表反射镜保持在其寻址状态的相对长的时间段(在视频术语中通常为“帧时间”)。正是在此积分时间期间，观众的眼睛对面积加权强度值形成印象。
在每一帧时间的末尾，图6展示出所有反射镜在再次寻址前被复位到其静态位置。有可能寻址干涉装置使得不需要此复位。在此包括强调寻址的每一“行时间”期间发生的切换操作。应注意，寻址脉冲必须超过某个最小持续时间，以致使一子元件级联中的第一元件转为ON。比子元件的响应时间更短的一非常短的寻址脉冲(例如瞬态信号)不会致使第一子元件切换。
一旦寻址脉冲已为有源且持续足够长的时间以使第一子元件发生切换，那么寻址信号便“传递”到阵列中的下一元件。另外，寻址脉冲必须为有源且在第一元件切换后持续足够长的时间以使第二元件发生切换。因为假定子元件的响应时间近似相同，所以子元件级联应为可控制的以使得所要数目的子元件转为ON，同时提供对假信号的相对高的抗扰性。累积效应将致使显示元件在所得像素中形成适当的颜色强度。以此方式，无需任何额外的连接线或来自驱动器装置的额外连接件，即可实现具有4位密度的显示元件。
上文所描述的级联效应是基于提供显示的光学功能以及电切换级联本身的可移动反射镜元件。图9中所示的一替代实施例是在邻近每一干涉子元件(例如100)处提供一与光学元件同时触发的单独电开关(例如102)。图9的实施例展示一微机械开关，但也可使用其他类型的开关，例如硅或其他半导体晶体管开关。以此方式，可分别将光学元件的参数和电元件的参数最优化。图9的系统的寻址波形和色值结果与图8的系统所提供的那些寻址波形和色值结果一致。图8和图9的系统均为通过控制调制器随时间的行为获得不同水平的位深度的实例。
在图10中，提供一图表以说明通过改变寻址脉冲的持续时间以及所述脉冲的电压电平，可对用于位深度切换的可移动反射镜寻址实施更精确的控制。图10适用于一由若干个别移动反射镜组成的显示元件。所述反射镜由名称b1、b2、b3等等来表示。反射镜的机械支撑结构以及反射镜元件其本身可通过使用例如改变膜厚度和膜内残余应力的许多不同技术来制造，以允许个别反射镜以相对于时间的不同速率和相对于所施加电压的不同位移偏转。
如图10中所示，可移动元件b1在短时间施加电压V1后偏转。反射镜b2的响应较为缓慢，且将在较久时间施加V1后激活。反射镜b1和b3都将响应V2的短暂施加，且反射镜b4能够响应V2的非常快速施加，此是所有其他反射镜都无法响应的。以此方式，可通过使寻址脉冲在时间/电压空间中成形来偏转反射镜的各种组合，其中术语“组合”包括单一元件的切换。如果这些反射镜具有不同的面积，例如图7中所示的面积，那么可通过仅用一对电连接件来寻址一多段显示元件来实现多倍亮度水平。
以所有这些方式，针对干涉元件可实现提供远超过单一位的强度位深度的替代方法。虽然上文的实施方案是关于一具有16颜色强度水平的4位深度进行论述的，但是这些实施例可用于任何大于1的位深度。
因此，尽管至此已描述了用于干涉调制器中面积阵列调制和减少的引线数的方法和装置的特定实施例，但是并不希望认为这些具体参考是对本发明范畴的限制，除非在所附权利要求书中有所陈述。
Claims (31)
1.一种光调制器，其包含：
一阵列，其包含若干行与若干列的干涉显示元件，每一元件分成一个或一个以上子行的一个或一个以上子元件；
阵列连接线，其经配置以将操作信号传输到所述显示元件，其中一条连接线对应于所述阵列中的一行显示元件；
子阵列连接线，其电连接到每一阵列连接线；和
复数个开关，其经配置以将所述操作信号从每一阵列连接线传输到所述子行以实现图像数据调制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光调制器，其中每一元件的所述子行包含一红色子元件、一绿色子元件和一蓝色子元件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光调制器，每一元件进一步包含三条列连接线，各自用于每一元件中的所述红色、绿色和蓝色子元件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光调制器，所述开关包含微机电开关。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光调制器，其中一个或一个以上开关包含一个或一个以上干涉调制元件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光调制器，其包含子元件，所述子元件经配置以使得当一选定子元件偏转时，所述选定子元件致使来自所述阵列连接线的所述操作信号从所述选定子元件传送到一相邻子元件。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光调制器，其中一个或一个以上开关包含一半导体晶体管开关。
8.一种制造一干涉光调制器的方法，所述方法包含：
提供布置成行与列的一干涉显示元件阵列，每一显示元件包含：
一预定数目的子行的子元件，其中子行的所述预定数目视一用于一显示的所要位深度而定；和
在每一子行内的一预定数目的子列，其中
子列的所述预定数目对应于一用于所述显示的所要颜色数；
布置用于每一行的阵列连接线，使得每一连接线对应于所述阵列的一行；和
将用于每一行的所述阵列连接线之间的电连接提供到所述阵列的所述相应行的所述子行中的一个。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，布置用于每一行的阵列连接线进一步包含在所述阵列与一驱动器装置之间布置阵列连接线。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，提供所述阵列连接线之间的电连接进一步包含提供与一组微机电开关的连接。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，提供所述阵列连接线之间的电连接进一步包含提供与一组半导体开关的连接。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法，所述微机电开关进一步包含若干个具有一与所述干涉显示元件的配置相类似的配置的开关。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法，提供电连接进一步包含使一子行的一子元件偏转，从而在所述子元件与一相邻子元件之间形成一连接。
14.一种光调制器，其包含：
布置成行与列的一干涉显示元件阵列，每一元件包含一预定数目的子元件，其中所述子元件的数目由一所要位深度来决定，且每一元件近似地具有相同尺寸；
所述子元件之间的电连接，使得所述电连接形成一子元件级联；和
一对应于每一行显示元件的阵列连接线，其中每一阵列连接线电连接到每一显示元件中的一子元件。
15.根据权利要求14所述的光调制器，其进一步包含每一显示元件内的一预定数目的子元件级联，其中所述预定数目为一所要的颜色数。
16.根据权利要求14所述的光调制器，其进一步包含寻址电路，以将一寻址脉冲提供到每一子元件级联，其中在所述级联中变为有源的子元件的数目视所述寻址脉冲的一长度而定。
17.一种制造一光调制器的方法，其包含：
提供布置成行与列的一干涉显示元件阵列，每一元件包含一预定数目的子元件的至少一个子元件级联；和
将一行中每一子元件级联中的一第一元件电连接到一用于所述行的相应连接线；
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其进一步包含提供具有至少一个子元件级联的干涉元件的一阵列进一步包含为每一所要颜色提供一子元件级联。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其进一步包含将所述用于每一行的连接线电连接到一驱动器装置。
20.一种光调制器，其包含：
一干涉元件阵列，每一元件包含一预定数目的子元件，其中一个或一个以上所述子元件具有一对应于显示信息的一不同二元加权的不同尺寸，其中所述子元件数目视一所要位深度而定。
21.根据权利要求20所述的光调制器，所述预定数目的子元件进一步包含四个子元件，二分之一尺寸的一第一子元件，四分之一尺寸的一第二子元件，和八分之一尺寸的第三子元件和十六分之一尺寸的一第四子元件。
22.根据权利要求20所述的光调制器，其进一步包含一用于所述子元件中每一个的连接线。
23.根据权利要求20所述的光调制器，其进一步包含一个用于每一显示元件的连接线，和一组电连接于所述显示元件与所述子元件之间的开关，其中所述光调制器经配置以根据显示信息激活产生一像素的一加权所需的子元件。
24.一种制造一光调制器的方法，所述方法包含：
提供一干涉显示元件阵列；
在每一显示元件内形成若干个具有一近似等于一显示元件的二分之一的尺寸的子元件；和
视需要形成子元件，每一子元件具有一近似等于下一最大元件的尺寸的一半的尺寸。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其进一步包含为每一子元件形成一连接线。
26.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其进一步包含为每一显示元件形成一连接线，并提供若干电连接于所述连接线与所述子元件之间的多路复用开关。
27.一种操作一光调制器的方法，其包含：
接收一用于一行显示元件的行选择信号；
在一预定时期内将所述行选择信号传输到一子元件阵列，以激活一预定数目的子元件。
28.一种光调制器，其包含：
一元件阵列，其具有不同的相对于时间的偏转值和相对于电压的偏转值；和
若干寻址线，以将具有变化的电压电平和时间的寻址脉冲提供到所述元件阵列，使得元件的不同组合以一可选择的方式进行切换，此视所述寻址脉冲的所述电压电平和持续时间而定。
29.根据权利要求28所述的光调制器，寻址线经布置以向所述元件阵列中的一行提供一个寻址。
30.根据权利要求28所述的光调制器，所述元件阵列具有不同机械结构以实现不同的相对于时间的偏转值和相对于电压的偏转值。
31.根据权利要求28所述的光调制器，所述元件阵列具有不同膜厚度以实现不同的相对于时间的偏转值和相对于电压的偏转值。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103460274A (zh) * | 2011-03-15 | 2013-12-18 | 高通Mems科技公司 | 颜色相依的写入波形时序 |
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