CN1868926A - Composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and its system - Google Patents
Composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and its system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1868926A CN1868926A CNA2006100352896A CN200610035289A CN1868926A CN 1868926 A CN1868926 A CN 1868926A CN A2006100352896 A CNA2006100352896 A CN A2006100352896A CN 200610035289 A CN200610035289 A CN 200610035289A CN 1868926 A CN1868926 A CN 1868926A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sewage
- wetland
- artificial
- water outlet
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000684239 Canna x generalis Species 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000099162 Cyperus alternifolius Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000746966 Zizania Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000207867 Pistia stratiotes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006440 Pistia stratiotes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000143231 Scirpus validus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008573 Scirpus validus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002636 Zizania aquatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
A method and system for ecologically treating sewage by artificial wetland features that the sewage channel, deposition pool, regulating hydrolysis pool, and multi-stage artificial wetland are sequentially built according to local environment and terrain to make the sewage flow through them by itself, the growth matrix is filled in said artificial wetland, the plants are growing in said artificial wet land, and the treated sewage is finally flowing in a stabilizing pond in which the fish is cultured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of sewage water treatment method and system thereof, is specifically related to a kind of composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and system thereof.
Background technology
At present; human existence and development and physical environment are more and more closer; along with raising and the intensification of people to environmental protection consciousness, the method for sewage disposal is also probed into out increasing scheme, no matter be that industrial sewage or city domestic sewage adopt chemical process, biological method to handle mostly.For city domestic sewage, have large-scale sewage work usually and various water correction plants and water treating pond are installed, sewage obtains purifying waste water of compliance with environmental protection requirements by the processing of multiple working procedure, multiple devices.Current, it is to adopt the moisture selecting technology to add mechanical separation technology to utilize having in the domestic refuse resource that is worth to reclaim that a kind of processing mode for domestic waste is arranged, carry out deep processing simultaneously, make the reclamation of solid wastes in the domestic refuse, as China Patent No. is No. 02222949.3, and it is described like that name is called " domestic waste sorting unit " utility model patent.But the moisture selecting technology will consume a large amount of washing water, and moisture selects 1 ton of rubbish to need water consumption 4-7 ton according to estimates, also contains the pollution substance of more organic pollutant, nitrogen phosphorus nutrition thing, heavy metal and difficult degradation simultaneously in the washing water.The concentration of its organic pollutant COD reaches 500mg/L according to estimates, is more than 2 times of general municipal effluent COD concentration, can cause the generation of secondary pollution, and wastewater treatment efficiency is not satisfactory, and facility investment is big, the system operation cost height.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provides a kind of less investment for solving the problem that prior art exists, and running cost is low, good sewage processing effect, and the composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and the system thereof that can combine with the geographical environment of locality.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land, and its method steps is:
A. set up sewage routeway and filtration unit is set in sewage routeway, remove big blocky various suspended substances in the sanitary sewage;
B., the settling tank that is connected with sewage routeway is set and makes filtered sewage enter settling tank, settling tank can be removed tiny sandstone and various suspended particulates etc., the water outlet of settling tank enters the adjusting hydrolytic tank, remove the organism of difficult degradation in particulate matter bigger in the sewage and gunk and the absorption sewage and heavy metal etc., play the effect of regulating pondage and homogenizing water quality simultaneously;
C. according to the height of landform, make up the multistage wetland of propagating artificially successively, fill in the described breed wetland and culture matrix and plant plant, can remove COD, BOD
5, SS and pathogenic micro-organism etc., and ammonia nitrogen in the nitrated sewage, the water outlet of regulating hydrolytic tank among the step B enters the first step and propagates wetland artificially, the water outlet that prime is propagated wetland artificially enters the back level and propagates wetland artificially.
The multistage wetland of propagating artificially among the described step C can be followed successively by first step perpendicular flow artificial breed wetland, second stage perpendicular flow artificial is cultured wetland, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland and fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland artificially, two stage vertical person who lives in exile worker cultures wetland, horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland makes sewage further be purified, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland can further remove organism and SS, surface current is propagated wetland artificially and is utilized existing soil matrix plantation plant, can further improve treat effluent water quality and recycle nutritional resource.
The water outlet that described surface current is propagated wetland artificially can enter stabilization pond, cultures plant and fish in the stabilization pond, utilizes plant purification processing and restoration of the ecosystem measure to modify effluent quality, and the water outlet of stabilization pond can be used for reuse or discharging.
Settling tank among the described step B can be divided into two-stage successively, the first step is a settling pit, remove sandstone, some sand deposition hopper are set at the bottom of the settling pit, adopt the sand removal of gravity sediment outflow mode, the second stage is preliminary sedimentation tank, establishes mud collection area at the bottom of the pond, the water outlet of settling pit enters preliminary sedimentation tank, removes thick suspended particulate through precipitation.
The mud that described preliminary sedimentation tank adopts the gravity sludge discharge way to discharge can enter a mud artificial swamp drying bed, and the outward transport heap buries after treatment.
The water outlet of described mud artificial swamp drying bed enters horizontal drowned flow and the surface current artificial wetland is consumed by denitrification as carbon source.
Filtration unit in the described steps A can be grid, and the mechanical grille that adopts thick, thin twice to clear up automatically tilts to be placed in the sewage routeway of sanitary sewage, removes big blocky life foreign material and floating substance in the refuse classification sewage.
The water surface of described adjusting hydrolytic tank can be provided with a flow lifting type suspended sludge bed, with organism that filter to remove difficult degradation in particulate matter bigger in the sewage and gunk and the absorption sewage and heavy metal etc., play the effect of regulating pondage and homogenizing water quality simultaneously.
Described flow lifting type suspended sludge bed can be a plastic foamboard, covers on the water surface of regulating hydrolytic tank, plants plant on the plastic plate, distributes to alleviate stink.
The water inlet of described each facility and water outlet mostly adopt the mode of gravity flow to flow, seldom need energy consumption, described sewage routeway, settling tank, adjusting hydrolytic tank, the multistage wetland of propagating artificially from top to bottom are provided with in the low level zone successively step by step according to the environment landform, make the water outlet of each facility flow into next facility naturally.
A kind of sewage combined artificial wetland ecological treatment system, according to landform sewage routeway is set step by step from top to bottom successively, settling tank, regulate hydrolytic tank, the multistage wetland of propagating artificially, the water outlet of each facility flows into the facility in next stage low level zone naturally, the described multistage wetland of propagating artificially is from top to bottom cultured wetland for first step perpendicular flow artificial successively, second stage perpendicular flow artificial is cultured wetland, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland and fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland artificially, two stage vertical person who lives in exile worker cultures wetland, horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland makes sewage further be purified, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland can further remove organism and SS, surface current is propagated wetland artificially and is utilized existing soil matrix plantation plant, can further improve treat effluent water quality and recycle nutritional resource, the water outlet that described fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland artificially flows into a stabilization pond naturally, culture plant and fish in the stabilization pond, utilize plant purification processing and restoration of the ecosystem measure to modify effluent quality, the water outlet of stabilization pond is used for reuse or discharging, settling tank, the water outlet of regulating hydrolytic tank flows into the mud artificial swamp drying bed that a low level is provided with naturally, and the water outlet of mud artificial swamp drying bed flows into naturally than the horizontal drowned flow artificial of low level and cultures wetland.
The present invention utilizes the breed of plant that sewage is carried out every work of treatment because the existing geomorphological environment of foundation is provided with every facility of water treatment, compares with conventional art to have the following advantages:
(1) stable, reliable, build according to landform, seldom need power-lift and other energy consumptions;
(2) initial cost is economized, treatment effect is good, effluent quality is excellent, and particularly working cost is low, almost without any need for energy consumption, energy consumption is reduced to greatest extent, also need not medicament expense and uses;
(3) adjusting hydrolytic tank solid retention time is long, and the most mud in the sewage are hydrolyzed, and the mud generation is few, and the excess sludge of minute quantity can be handled bed with the mud artificial swamp carry out mummification and stable, can save sludge treatment investment partly.
(4) the entire sewage treatment system does not have any stink pollution problem.Pretreatment unit and most of main body processing unit all are to adopt underground undercurrent form, do not have any stink; After surface current be set propagate wetland and stabilization pond artificially, employing be the open type water body, be the nitration treatment water outlet because of what admit, do not have the stink problem yet.
(5) the entire sewage treatment system is an artificial swamp breeding ecological park, and the water body of multiple waterplant and Lu Sheng flower plant and cleaning is arranged, and every sewage treatment facility has constituted the ecological environmental protection garden that is the theme with ecological wastewater processing and resource utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sewage water treatment method schema of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are the Sewage treatment systems schematic layout pattern of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples treatment process of the present invention and system thereof are described in detail:
With reference to figure 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land of the present invention adopts pretreatment unit (to comprise grid, settling pit, preliminary sedimentation tank and adjusting hydrolytic tank), the main body processing unit (comprises vertical current, horizontal flow and surface current are propagated wetland complex system artificially) and follow-up water quality modification unit (stabilization pond), refuse classification sewage can reach national urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard (GB18918-2002) secondary standard category-B standard through the effluent quality behind preceding two processing units, water reuse or directly discharging in can be used as after further purifying through stabilization pond again.
Treatment process reliable in function of the present invention, stable, simple to operate, operational management is convenient, to accomplish to reduce construction cost and processing cost, reaches dephosphorization and denitrification effect preferably simultaneously.
During concrete enforcement, generally can be according to the height of landform, make up first step perpendicular flow artificial successively and culture wetland, second stage perpendicular flow artificial breed wetland, three processing units of third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial breed wetland, generally adopt from stream mode seldom power consumption between three unit.
Utilize existing bottom land to build fourth stage surface current in the design as far as possible and propagate wetland and stabilization pond artificially, reduce engineering excavation and earth fill amount as follow-up advanced treatment and water correction unit.
In the construction in conjunction with engineering specifications and emission standard, careful choose reasonable engineering design plan (EDP), and in sewage treatment process, try one's best and adopt advanced denitrification dephosphorization technique, novel material, new layout, to reduce working cost, guarantee that the treatment system long-time running is safe and reliable, stable water outlet, up to standard secure.
The sewage quality characteristic that the implementation case is handled belongs to the mixed type of industrial sewage and sanitary sewage, and its sewage feature is as follows:
(1) the big and concentrated discharging of the water yield, sewage day, quantity discharged was above 5000m
3, and concentrate on discharging in 8 hour working hour, After Hours with sewage effluent not basically at night, thereby need bigger adjusting hydrolytic tank with the homogenizing water quality and the water yield.
(2) Pollutant levels are higher in the sewage, COD concentration surpasses more than the 300mg/L, and cause impact easily to the treatment system pollution load, and may contain hardly degraded organic substance composition and heavy metal etc., thereby need when sewage disposal, adopt physico-chemical pretreatment and biological chemistry and the ecological method that combines to handle.
(3) the various foreign material compositions in the garbage leachate are more, need adopt pre-treating process to remove foreign material contained in the decontaminated water, impurity and floating substance etc. when refuse classification.
Present method mainly comprises following 4 unit:
Pretreatment unit: comprise grid, settling pit, preliminary sedimentation tank and equalizing tank.
(1) grid: install thick, thin two in diversion place of refuse classification source of sewage 1 and clear up grid 2 automatically, slightly, the mechanical grille of the automatic cleaning of thin twice tilts to be placed in the inflow irrigation canals and ditches of sanitary sewage, remove big blocky life foreign material and floating substance in the refuse classification sewage, prevent that bigger foreign material from stopping up water pipe and subsequent disposal structures.
(2) settling pit 3: sewage enters horizontal flow type grit chamber by the grid gravity flow, and 3 of sand deposition hopper are set at the bottom of the settling pit, adopts the sand removal of gravity sediment outflow mode.
(3) primary clarifier 4: the sewage gravity flow after handling through sand setting enters the flat flow preliminary sedimentation tank, remove thick suspended particulate through 2 hours precipitating actions, preliminary sedimentation tank is established mud collection area at the bottom of the pond, adopt the gravity sludge discharge way, the mud gravity flow of discharge enters artificial swamp drying bed 11 processing back outward transport heaps and buries.
(4) regulate hydrolytic tank 5: the water outlet of preliminary sedimentation tank and then gravity flow enter the adjusting hydrolytic tank, the water surface of regulating hydrolytic tank is provided with the flow lifting type suspended sludge bed that a kind is implanted with plant, the organism of difficult degradation in particulate matter bigger in the sewage and gunk and the absorption sewage and heavy metal etc. are removed in filtration by the suspended sludge layer and adsorption, play the effect of regulating pondage and homogenizing water quality simultaneously.This flow lifting type suspended sludge bed can be the combination foam plastic plate, covers to regulate on the hydrolytic tank water surface, plants Canna generalis Bailey on the plastic foamboard, or directly plants Herba Eichhorniae, water lettuce or duckweed etc., distributes to alleviate stink.Its supernatant liquor adopts the PVC perforated pipe to first step vertical current constructed wetland water distribution uniformity from the sublayer that flow to first step vertical current constructed wetland.
Main body processing unit: comprise two vertical current constructed wetlands, horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land and surface current artificial wetlands.
(1) first step perpendicular flow artificial is cultured wetland 6: fill mixed-matrixes such as little gravel and coarse sand, plantation chrysanthemum Canna generalis Bailey, purple be plants such as power flower, cyperus alternifolius and Caulis Miscanthis floriduli again.It has good oxygen transfer characteristics and oxygen consumption capacity of decomposition, also is the nitrated reliable natural system of sewage simultaneously, and it is to COD of sewage, BOD
5, SS and TP removal effect better, to the capable certain nitrification of ammonia nitrogen tool in the sewage, but a little less than the denitrification, the clearance of total nitrogen (TN) is not very high.Water outlet gravity flow after sewage is handled through first step vertical current constructed wetland enters second stage vertical current constructed wetland sublayer water distribution uniformity, and then mixes at third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land head end with former part of contaminated water (as carbon source) and to carry out horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land denitrogenation and further removal organism and SS.
(2) second stage vertical current constructed wetland 7: fill mixed-matrixes such as little gravel and fine sand, plantation safflower Canna generalis Bailey, purple be plants such as power flower, cyperus alternifolius and Caulis Miscanthis floriduli again.It is to COD, BOD
5, SS and pathogenic micro-organism removal effect all better, make the ammonia nitrogen major part in the sewage nitrated simultaneously.Further finish the removal function of the nitrated and organic pollutant of residue ammonia nitrogen, remove part SS and TP simultaneously, and make sewage nitrated more fully.
(3) third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land 8: fill mixed-matrixes such as gravel, cinder and sand, and plants such as plantation safflower Canna generalis Bailey, Scirpus tabernaemontani, papyrus and the expensive bamboo of good fortune, the reticulated structure that is interweaved and formed by gravel and root system of plant is to the SS in the sewage, COD, BOD
5Deng having certain removal effect, particularly preferable to the removal effect of SS, also have certain denitrification denitrogenation function simultaneously.The transfer characteristics of oxygen and oxygen consumption capacity of decomposition are general, mainly rely on the oxygen effect of secreting of the root system of waterplant, and be general to the removal effect of organism and total phosphorus (TP), higher to the clearance of total nitrogen (TN).
(4) fourth stage surface current artificial wetland 9: directly utilize soil matrix, plants such as plantation flowering marsh plants, aquatic vegetable and wild-rice utilize the absorption cleaning ability of flower plant, vegetables and wild-rice plants such as (feeds) further to improve treat effluent water quality and recycle nutritional resource.The transfer characteristics of oxygen and oxygen consumption capacity of decomposition are stronger, and be better to the removal effect of organism and ammonia nitrogen, but general to the removal effect of TP and TN.
Follow-up water quality is modified unit---stabilization pond:
Directly utilize existing part bottom land to build up stabilization pond 10, plant multiple emergent, submerged plant, floatingleaved plant and pleuston and breed fish, water quality is further improved, utilize plant purification processing and restoration of the ecosystem measure to modify effluent quality, finally as refuse classification with water circulation use or directly discharge.
Attached processing unit---mud artificial swamp is handled bed:
Preliminary sedimentation tank and the mud of regulating the hydrolytic tank bottom are entered the mud artificial swamp with pipeline self to be handled bed 11 and carries out plant stability, handles and utilization.The water outlet gravity flow of mud artificial swamp processing bed enters horizontal drowned flow and the surface current artificial wetland is consumed by denitrification as carbon source.
With reference to figure 3, constituting of sewage combined artificial wetland ecological treatment system: source of sewage 1 from top to bottom is set successively step by step and grid 2 is set in sewage routeway according to landform, settling tank, regulate hydrolytic tank 5, the multistage wetland of propagating artificially, the water outlet of each facility flows into the facility in next stage low level zone naturally, settling tank comprises settling pit 3 and primary clarifier 4, the described multistage wetland of propagating artificially is from top to bottom cultured wetland 6 for first step perpendicular flow artificial successively, second stage perpendicular flow artificial is cultured wetland 7, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland 8 and fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland 9 artificially, two stage vertical person who lives in exile worker cultures wetland 6,7, horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland 8 makes sewage further be purified, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland 8 can further remove organism and SS, surface current is propagated wetland 9 artificially and is utilized existing soil matrix plantation plant, can further improve treat effluent water quality and recycle nutritional resource, the water outlet that described fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland 9 artificially flows into a stabilization pond 10 naturally, culture plant and fish in the stabilization pond 10, utilize plant purification processing and restoration of the ecosystem measure to modify effluent quality, the water outlet of stabilization pond 10 is used for reuse or discharging, primary clarifier 4, the water outlet of regulating hydrolytic tank 5 flows into the mud artificial swamp drying bed 11 that a low level is provided with naturally, and the water outlet of mud artificial swamp drying bed 11 flows into naturally than the horizontal drowned flow artificial of low level and cultures wetland 9.
Claims (11)
1. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land, it is characterized in that: the sewage water treatment method step is:
A. set up sewage routeway and filtration unit is set in sewage routeway, remove big blocky various suspended substances in the sanitary sewage;
B., the settling tank that is connected with sewage routeway is set and makes filtered sewage enter settling tank, settling tank can be removed tiny sandstone and various suspended particulates etc., the water outlet of settling tank enters one and regulates hydrolytic tank, remove the organism of difficult degradation in particulate matter bigger in the sewage and gunk and the absorption sewage and heavy metal etc., play the effect of regulating pondage and homogenizing water quality simultaneously;
C. according to the height of landform, make up the multistage wetland of propagating artificially successively, fill in the described breed wetland and culture matrix and plant plant, can remove COD, BOD
5, SS and pathogenic micro-organism etc., and ammonia nitrogen in the nitrated sewage, the water outlet of regulating hydrolytic tank among the step B enters propagates wetland artificially, the water outlet that prime is propagated wetland artificially enters the back level and propagates wetland artificially.
2. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the multistage wetland of propagating artificially among the described step C is followed successively by first step perpendicular flow artificial breed wetland, second stage perpendicular flow artificial is cultured wetland, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland and fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland artificially, two stage vertical person who lives in exile worker cultures wetland, horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland makes sewage further be purified, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland can further remove organism and SS, surface current is propagated wetland artificially and is utilized existing soil matrix plantation plant, can further improve treat effluent water quality and recycle nutritional resource.
3. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the water outlet that described surface current is propagated wetland artificially enters stabilization pond, culture plant and fish in the stabilization pond, utilize plant purification processing and restoration of the ecosystem measure to modify effluent quality, the water outlet of stabilization pond is used for reuse or discharging.
4. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the settling tank among the described step B is divided into two-stage successively, the first step is a settling pit, remove sandstone, some sand deposition hopper are set at the bottom of the settling pit, adopt the sand removal of gravity sediment outflow mode, the second stage is preliminary sedimentation tank, establish mud collection area at the bottom of the pond, the water outlet of settling pit enters preliminary sedimentation tank, removes thick suspended particulate through precipitation.
5. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the mud that described preliminary sedimentation tank adopts the gravity sludge discharge way to discharge enters a mud artificial swamp drying bed, outer after treatment operation compost.
6. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the water outlet of described mud artificial swamp drying bed enters horizontal drowned flow and the surface current artificial wetland is consumed by denitrification as carbon source.
7. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the filtration unit in the described steps A is a grid, the mechanical grille that adopts thick, thin twice to clear up automatically tilts to be placed in the sewage routeway of sanitary sewage, removes big blocky life foreign material and floating substance in the refuse classification sewage.
8. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the water surface of described adjusting hydrolytic tank is provided with a flow lifting type suspended sludge bed, with organism that filter to remove difficult degradation in particulate matter bigger in the sewage and gunk and the absorption sewage and heavy metal etc., play the effect of regulating pondage and homogenizing water quality simultaneously.
9. composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: described flow lifting type suspended sludge bed is a plastic foamboard, covers on the water surface of regulating hydrolytic tank, plants plant on the plastic plate, distributes to alleviate stink.
10. as claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 described composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land, it is characterized in that: the water inlet of described each facility and water outlet adopt the mode of gravity flow to flow mostly, seldom need energy consumption, described sewage routeway, settling tank, adjusting hydrolytic tank, the multistage wetland of propagating artificially from top to bottom are provided with in the low level zone successively step by step according to the environment landform, make the water outlet of each facility flow into next facility naturally.
11. sewage combined artificial wetland ecological treatment apparatus, it is characterized in that: sewage routeway from top to bottom is set successively step by step according to landform, settling tank, regulate hydrolytic tank, the multistage wetland of propagating artificially, the water outlet of each facility flows into the facility in next stage low level zone naturally, the described multistage wetland of propagating artificially is from top to bottom cultured wetland for first step perpendicular flow artificial successively, second stage perpendicular flow artificial is cultured wetland, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland and fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland artificially, two stage vertical person who lives in exile worker cultures wetland, horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland makes sewage further be purified, third stage horizontal drowned flow artificial is cultured wetland can further remove organism and SS, surface current is propagated wetland artificially and is utilized existing soil matrix plantation plant, can further improve treat effluent water quality and recycle nutritional resource, the water outlet that described fourth stage surface current is propagated wetland artificially flows into a stabilization pond naturally, culture plant and fish in the stabilization pond, utilize plant purification processing and restoration of the ecosystem measure to modify effluent quality, the water outlet of stabilization pond is used for reuse or discharging, settling tank, the water outlet of regulating hydrolytic tank flows into the mud artificial swamp drying bed that a low level is provided with naturally, and the water outlet of mud artificial swamp drying bed flows into naturally than the horizontal drowned flow artificial of low level and cultures wetland.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100352896A CN100551850C (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2006-04-29 | Composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and system thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100352896A CN100551850C (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2006-04-29 | Composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and system thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1868926A true CN1868926A (en) | 2006-11-29 |
| CN100551850C CN100551850C (en) | 2009-10-21 |
Family
ID=37442731
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100352896A Expired - Fee Related CN100551850C (en) | 2006-04-29 | 2006-04-29 | Composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and system thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100551850C (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100398465C (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-02 | 北京市水利科学研究所 | Composite artificial marshland water quality clarification system in north low-temperature area |
| CN101830609A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-15 | 浙江大学 | Method for removing ammonia nitrogen from artificial leather manufacturing waste water |
| CN101704586B (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-07-20 | 山东大学 | Nesting mixed flow constructed wetland |
| CN102358660A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-02-22 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Constructed wetland based system and method for recycling factory-like seawater culture discharged water |
| CN102398991A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-04-04 | 天津城市建设学院 | Underflow type garden filter tank sewage treatment system |
| CN103880257A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-06-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Ecological combined treatment method and device for rural distributed sewage |
| CN103880193A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-06-25 | 北京师范大学 | Method for treating wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding by constructing vertical flow artificial wetland based on water supply plant sludge |
| CN106477826A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-08 | 衡阳茂晨农业开发有限公司 | Rana grylia aquaculture wastewater artificial wet land treating method |
| CN106957185A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-18 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of integrated compositing system of house refuse and its compost method |
| CN107043201A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-08-15 | 安吉国千环境科技有限公司 | A kind of processing structure of country sewage floss hole |
| CN107190832A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-22 | 安吉国千环境科技有限公司 | A kind of remodeling method of domestic sewage in rural areas floss hole |
| CN107200441A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-26 | 云南省环境科学研究院(中国昆明高原湖泊国际研究中心) | A kind of compound sewage processing and the method for heavy metal soil remediation |
| CN109081529A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2018-12-25 | 湖北加德科技股份有限公司 | Intelligent bionic domestic sewage processing system |
| CN110615537A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-27 | 山东省分析测试中心 | Three-dimensional resistance control ecological purification system for agricultural non-point source pollution wastewater and construction method |
| CN111777278A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-16 | 中交 (天津) 生态环保设计研究院有限公司 | Deep purification pond chain treatment process for dredging tail water |
| CN113149333A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-23 | 贵州雏阳生态环保科技有限公司 | Wetland construction method for deeply purifying sewage by using macrophyte |
| CN114506972A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-17 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | An ecological purification system for dredging residual water |
| CN119977195A (en) * | 2025-01-03 | 2025-05-13 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A modular sewage treatment method, system, storage medium and electronic device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5462666A (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1995-10-31 | Rjjb & G, Inc. | Treatment of nutrient-rich water |
| CN1075797C (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2001-12-05 | 赤峰水处理技术开发公司 | Sewage treatment method for subcurrent crushed stone plant bed |
| CN1163427C (en) * | 2000-07-11 | 2004-08-25 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | A sewage treatment method and device |
| CN1235814C (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2006-01-11 | 中国农业大学 | System and method for treating of sewage by combined artificial wet land |
| CN100369832C (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2008-02-20 | 华南农业大学 | Method for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Composite Constructed Wetland of Urban Sewage |
| CN1312059C (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2007-04-25 | 云南大学 | Artificial wet land treating method and its equipment for life waste water |
| CN100337939C (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2007-09-19 | 华南农业大学 | Method for treating home wastewater through artificial wetland combined vertical current with surface current |
-
2006
- 2006-04-29 CN CNB2006100352896A patent/CN100551850C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100398465C (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-02 | 北京市水利科学研究所 | Composite artificial marshland water quality clarification system in north low-temperature area |
| CN101704586B (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-07-20 | 山东大学 | Nesting mixed flow constructed wetland |
| CN101830609A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-15 | 浙江大学 | Method for removing ammonia nitrogen from artificial leather manufacturing waste water |
| CN101830609B (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江大学 | Method for removing ammonia nitrogen from artificial leather manufacturing waste water |
| CN102398991A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-04-04 | 天津城市建设学院 | Underflow type garden filter tank sewage treatment system |
| CN102358660A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-02-22 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Constructed wetland based system and method for recycling factory-like seawater culture discharged water |
| CN102358660B (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2014-10-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Constructed wetland based system and method for recycling factory-like seawater culture discharged water |
| CN103880193A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-06-25 | 北京师范大学 | Method for treating wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding by constructing vertical flow artificial wetland based on water supply plant sludge |
| CN103880193B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-05-25 | 北京师范大学 | Build the method for vertical current constructed wetland processing breeding wastewater based on waterworks sludge |
| CN103880257A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-06-25 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Ecological combined treatment method and device for rural distributed sewage |
| CN103880257B (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-09-30 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | The ecologic assemblage treatment process of a kind of rural area decentralized type sewage and device |
| CN106477826A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-08 | 衡阳茂晨农业开发有限公司 | Rana grylia aquaculture wastewater artificial wet land treating method |
| CN106957185A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-18 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of integrated compositing system of house refuse and its compost method |
| CN107043201A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-08-15 | 安吉国千环境科技有限公司 | A kind of processing structure of country sewage floss hole |
| CN107190832A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-22 | 安吉国千环境科技有限公司 | A kind of remodeling method of domestic sewage in rural areas floss hole |
| CN107043201B (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2022-12-16 | 安吉国千环境科技有限公司 | Rural sewage discharge port's processing structure |
| CN107200441A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-26 | 云南省环境科学研究院(中国昆明高原湖泊国际研究中心) | A kind of compound sewage processing and the method for heavy metal soil remediation |
| CN109081529A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2018-12-25 | 湖北加德科技股份有限公司 | Intelligent bionic domestic sewage processing system |
| CN110615537A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-27 | 山东省分析测试中心 | Three-dimensional resistance control ecological purification system for agricultural non-point source pollution wastewater and construction method |
| CN110615537B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2022-01-07 | 山东省分析测试中心 | Three-dimensional resistance control ecological purification system for agricultural non-point source pollution wastewater and construction method |
| CN111777278A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-16 | 中交 (天津) 生态环保设计研究院有限公司 | Deep purification pond chain treatment process for dredging tail water |
| CN113149333A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-23 | 贵州雏阳生态环保科技有限公司 | Wetland construction method for deeply purifying sewage by using macrophyte |
| CN114506972A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-17 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | An ecological purification system for dredging residual water |
| CN119977195A (en) * | 2025-01-03 | 2025-05-13 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A modular sewage treatment method, system, storage medium and electronic device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100551850C (en) | 2009-10-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101397178B (en) | Livestock and poultry raising sewage disposal process and disposal system thereof | |
| CN106830506B (en) | An Enhanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Bioretention Pond Applied in Sponge City Construction | |
| CN100551850C (en) | Composite ecological treatment method of sewage for artificial wet land and system thereof | |
| CN100595169C (en) | A water purification and reuse ecosystem | |
| CN201372233Y (en) | Unpowered Integrated Constructed Wetland Sewage Treatment System | |
| CN1333190A (en) | Sewage treatment method and equipment thereof | |
| CN101792234A (en) | System for disposing artificial wetland sewage and disposal method thereof | |
| CN204874202U (en) | High load capacity rain flood lasts reinforces process systems who purifies | |
| CN110655281A (en) | Distributed rural domestic sewage treatment system and treatment method | |
| CN201942568U (en) | Biochemical membrane automatic aeration vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage treatment device | |
| CN105461165A (en) | Rural domestic sewage combined type ecological treatment system and treatment method, and application thereof | |
| CN104058545B (en) | A method for treating aquaculture sewage by combining biological carrier and ecological restoration technology | |
| CN103183445A (en) | Method and system for advanced treatment of rural domestic sewage | |
| CN100336748C (en) | High density aquatic plant ditch sewage treatment system | |
| CN101857336A (en) | Water recycling circulating system | |
| CN108996814B (en) | Urban sewage and rainwater combined treatment process | |
| CN109399798A (en) | A kind of precipitating algae pond-helotisn ecology board slot-microorganism filter tank water treatment system and processing method | |
| CN105601043B (en) | A kind of domestic sewage of villages and small towns ecology microkinetic processing system | |
| CN1821125A (en) | Method and device for denitrification and decontamination of sewage | |
| CN200974793Y (en) | Sewage composite artificial marshland ecological treatment system | |
| CN107529525A (en) | A kind for the treatment of method for rural sewage and system | |
| CN102515434A (en) | Method for sewage treatment in compound tower-type ecological filtering pool | |
| CN202175603U (en) | Integrated non-point source sewage treatment system | |
| CN201240947Y (en) | Multilevel artificial geology fast seepage processing system of livestock and poultry sewage water terminal | |
| CN211896515U (en) | Artificial wetland system applied to super-limit purification treatment of low-concentration polluted water body |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: SHENZHEN DERUN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INVESTMENT Free format text: FORMER NAME: GUANGZHOU DERUN ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |
|
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 14, B, 518000 building, SED science and technology building, 1 science Road, Nanshan District Science Park, Guangdong, Shenzhen Patentee after: Shenzhen Ters Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd. Address before: 8, building 363, Guoxin building, 510045 Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Patentee before: Derun Environment-Protection Science-Technology Development Co., Ltd., Guangzhou |
|
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee | ||
| CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: 518000 Guangdong city of Shenzhen province Nanshan District South Road four No. 021 high-tech industrial village building R1-B layer Patentee after: Shenzhen Ters Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd. Address before: 14, B, 518000 building, SED science and technology building, 1 science Road, Nanshan District Science Park, Guangdong, Shenzhen Patentee before: Shenzhen Ters Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd. |
|
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: SHENZHEN HEXU ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT CO.,LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHENZHEN TERESA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES + TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. Effective date: 20130308 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20130308 Address after: 518000 Guangdong province Shenzhen city Nanshan District high tech Park high-tech South Road No. 009 Chinese Technology Development Institute Technology Park Building No. 3 tower 28 building B2 room Patentee after: Shenzhen continuous environmental protection investment Co., Ltd. Address before: 518000 Guangdong city of Shenzhen province Nanshan District South Road four No. 021 high-tech industrial village building R1-B layer Patentee before: Shenzhen Ters Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd. |
|
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice | ||
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |
Addressee: Shenzhen continuous environmental protection investment Co., Ltd. Document name: Notification to Pay the Fees |
|
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice | ||
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |
Addressee: Shenzhen continuous environmental protection investment Co., Ltd. Document name: Notification of Termination of Patent Right |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20091021 Termination date: 20180429 |