CN103880193A - Method for treating wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding by constructing vertical flow artificial wetland based on water supply plant sludge - Google Patents
Method for treating wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding by constructing vertical flow artificial wetland based on water supply plant sludge Download PDFInfo
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于给水厂污泥为填料的垂直流人工湿地处理养殖废水的方法，属于污水处理技术领域。其特征在于将给水厂污泥干化和破碎后作为填料，构建垂直流人工湿地，用于处理高浓度养殖废水。养殖废水分阶段进入人工湿地中，在间歇曝气条件下，经过一定水力停留时间后排出系统。本发明可以有效去除废水中的有机物、氮磷等污染物，氨氮和总磷的去除率都高于90％。本发明在高效处理畜禽养殖废水的同时，也解决了给水厂污泥的出路问题，有利于实现“以废治废”的目标，符合循环经济和可持续发展的理念。
The invention discloses a method for treating aquaculture wastewater in a vertical flow artificial wetland based on sludge from a water supply plant as filler, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. It is characterized in that the dried and crushed sludge from the water supply plant is used as filler to construct a vertical flow artificial wetland for treating high-concentration aquaculture wastewater. The aquaculture wastewater enters the constructed wetland in stages, and is discharged out of the system after a certain hydraulic retention time under intermittent aeration conditions. The invention can effectively remove pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in waste water, and the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus are both higher than 90%. The invention not only efficiently treats livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, but also solves the outlet problem of sludge in water supply plants, is conducive to realizing the goal of "treating waste with waste", and conforms to the concepts of circular economy and sustainable development.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于水污染控制工程污水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种以给水厂污泥为填料的垂直流人工湿地处理养殖废水的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution control engineering sewage treatment, and in particular relates to a method for treating aquaculture wastewater in a vertical flow artificial wetland using sludge from a water supply plant as a filler.
背景技术Background technique
随着规模化养殖业的迅速发展，养殖废水污染越来越严重。畜禽养殖废水的特点是高悬浮物、高有机物和高氨氮，可生化性强。目前对规模化养殖废水处理通常采用常规厌氧-好养组合工艺或SBR处理工艺。如申请(专利)号201210493586.0涉及一种采用半固定载体处理畜禽养殖废水的好氧反应器；申请(专利)号201010250262.5公开了一种两级厌氧-塔式滤池畜禽废水处理系统及处理方法；申请(专利)号201010594251.9公开了一种经过厌氧-好氧微生物高效处理畜禽养殖废水的技术；申请(专利)号201210108044.7涉及一种畜禽污水好氧-缺氧-好氧固定化微生物生化装置；申请(专利)号201210240178.4公开了一种利用兼氧膜生物反应器处理畜禽养殖废水的方法；申请(专利)号201110174168.0涉及一种以SBR池处理畜禽养殖厌氧发酵沼液的方法。With the rapid development of large-scale aquaculture, the pollution of aquaculture wastewater is becoming more and more serious. The characteristics of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater are high suspended solids, high organic matter and high ammonia nitrogen, and are highly biodegradable. At present, conventional anaerobic-eutrophic combined process or SBR treatment process is usually used for large-scale aquaculture wastewater treatment. Such as application (patent) No. 201210493586.0 relates to a kind of aerobic reactor that adopts semi-fixed carrier to process livestock and poultry breeding wastewater; Treatment method; Application (patent) No. 201010594251.9 discloses a technology for efficiently treating livestock and poultry breeding wastewater through anaerobic-aerobic microorganisms; Chemical microbial biochemical device; application (patent) No. 201210240178.4 discloses a method for treating livestock and poultry breeding wastewater by using facultative membrane bioreactor; application (patent) No. 201110174168.0 relates to a method for treating livestock and poultry breeding anaerobic fermentation marsh with SBR tank liquid method.
畜禽废水经过常规厌氧-好氧的生物处理后仍含有较高的氮和磷，难以达到相应的排放标准。若采用物理化学措施强化处理效果，会导致成本过高。人工湿地是一项经济效率高、实用性强的污水处理技术，具有出水水质稳定、处理效果好、基建运行费用低、易于维护、耐冲击负荷等优点。人工湿地的特点恰好能弥补养殖业的局限，因此人工湿地也被应用于养殖废水处理。人工湿地主要通过沉淀、吸附、阻隔、微生物同化分解、硝化、反硝化以及植物吸收等途径去除废水中污染物等。如申请(专利)号201310290777.1涉及一种强化去除养殖废水中抗生素及抗生素抗性基因的人工湿地系统；申请(专利)号201010122812.5公开了一种人工湿地植物在处理畜禽养殖废水中的应用。Livestock wastewater still contains high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus after conventional anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment, and it is difficult to meet the corresponding discharge standards. If physical and chemical measures are used to enhance the treatment effect, the cost will be too high. Constructed wetland is a sewage treatment technology with high economic efficiency and strong practicability. It has the advantages of stable effluent quality, good treatment effect, low infrastructure operation cost, easy maintenance, and shock load resistance. The characteristics of constructed wetlands can just make up for the limitations of the aquaculture industry, so constructed wetlands are also used in the treatment of aquaculture wastewater. Constructed wetlands mainly remove pollutants in wastewater through precipitation, adsorption, barrier, microbial assimilation and decomposition, nitrification, denitrification, and plant absorption. For example, application (patent) No. 201310290777.1 relates to a constructed wetland system that strengthens the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture wastewater; application (patent) No. 201010122812.5 discloses the application of a constructed wetland plant in the treatment of livestock and poultry aquaculture wastewater.
作为人工湿地的重要组成部分，填料为植物和微生物提供生长介质、为污水渗流提供良好的水力条件，也能通过过滤、吸附和沉淀等作用直接去除污染物。传统的人工湿地填料(如土壤、砂、砾石等)吸附性能较差，不利于保持整个人工湿地系统处理效果持续稳定。近年来很多高效人工填料被用来代替传统的人工湿地填料，取得较好的处理效果。如申请(专利)号201110313868.3公开了一种人工湿地球形陶粒基质及其制备方法；申请(专利)号201210387343.9利用高岭土、活性炭等制备除磷吸附剂应用于人工湿地；申请(专利)号201210068231.7涉及一种以海蛎壳-废砖块-沸石为复合填料的人工湿地系统。As an important part of constructed wetlands, fillers provide growth media for plants and microorganisms, provide good hydraulic conditions for sewage seepage, and can also directly remove pollutants through filtration, adsorption, and sedimentation. Traditional constructed wetland fillers (such as soil, sand, gravel, etc.) have poor adsorption performance, which is not conducive to maintaining the continuous and stable treatment effect of the entire constructed wetland system. In recent years, many high-efficiency artificial fillers have been used to replace traditional artificial wetland fillers, and have achieved better treatment effects. Such as application (patent) No. 201110313868.3 discloses a kind of artificial wet terrestrial ceramsite matrix and its preparation method; application (patent) No. 201210387343.9 utilizes kaolin, activated carbon etc. A constructed wetland system using sea oyster shells-waste bricks-zeolite as composite filler.
从上述分析可知，选择高性能材料作为填料用于人工湿地处理养殖废水将是一种发展趋势。给水厂污泥是给水处理过程中的安全副产品，主要由铁铝氧化物(氢氧化物)或CaCO3以及活性炭和原水中杂质等组成；具有比表面积大，铁铝含量高，且对磷等污染物具有较强吸附能力的特点。因此，可以将给水厂污泥回用于人工湿地系统中去除养殖废水中有机物、氮磷等污染物，实现“以废制废”的目的。From the above analysis, it can be seen that it will be a development trend to choose high-performance materials as fillers for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater in constructed wetlands. Water supply plant sludge is a safe by-product in the water supply treatment process, mainly composed of iron and aluminum oxide (hydroxide) or CaCO 3 and activated carbon and impurities in raw water; it has a large specific surface area, high iron and aluminum content, and has a Pollutants have the characteristics of strong adsorption capacity. Therefore, the sludge from the water supply plant can be reused in the constructed wetland system to remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the aquaculture wastewater, so as to achieve the purpose of "using waste to waste".
发明内容Contents of the invention
1.发明目的1. Purpose of the invention
本发明专利是为了针对现有养殖废水处理技术不足，提出一种回用给水厂污泥作为人工湿地填料处理养殖废水的方法。The patent of the present invention is aimed at the lack of existing aquaculture wastewater treatment technology, and proposes a method for reusing water supply plant sludge as artificial wetland filler to treat aquaculture wastewater.
2.技术方案2. Technical solution
1)将给水厂脱水污泥进行自然风干、破碎，选取粒径在1～2cm的颗粒作为人工湿地填料。1) Naturally air-dry and crush the dewatered sludge from the water supply plant, and select particles with a particle size of 1-2 cm as artificial wetland fillers.
2)构建的人工湿地为垂直下向流，包括底部段和上部段，在底部段和上部段均设有接水口；2) The constructed wetland is a vertical downward flow, including the bottom section and the upper section, and water inlets are provided at the bottom section and the upper section;
3)将干净的石粒装入底部段的柱子里；3) Put the clean stones into the column at the bottom section;
4)将与空气压缩机连接的微孔曝气头放于底部段石粒上；4) Put the microporous aeration head connected to the air compressor on the stones in the bottom section;
5)将步骤1)中的给水厂污泥填装到上部段柱子内；5) Fill the water supply plant sludge in step 1) into the column of the upper section;
6)将养殖废水通入步骤5)中构建好的人工湿地内，系统中进水泵、空气压缩机和排水泵由计时器控制，可实现按时进水、曝气和排水，养殖废水经过人工湿地处理后排出。6) Pass the breeding wastewater into the constructed wetland built in step 5). The water inlet pump, air compressor and drainage pump in the system are controlled by timers, which can realize water intake, aeration and drainage on time. The breeding wastewater passes through the constructed wetland Discharge after processing.
本发明的优点和创新性体现在：Advantage and innovation of the present invention are embodied in:
1)本发明的原料给水厂污泥，属于一种安全副产物，具有分布广、易获取、低成本等优点；1) The raw material water supply plant sludge of the present invention belongs to a kind of safe by-product and has the advantages of wide distribution, easy acquisition and low cost;
2)本发明采用的模拟装置工艺简单、成本低、操作方便。2) The simulation device adopted in the present invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost and convenient operation.
3)本发明利用给水厂污泥作为人工湿地填料处理养殖废水，有利于实现“以废治废”的目标，降低了废弃物的处置成本，符合循环经济的发展要求。3) The present invention uses sludge from water supply plants as artificial wetland filler to treat aquaculture wastewater, which is conducive to realizing the goal of "treating waste with waste", reduces the cost of waste disposal, and meets the development requirements of circular economy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中基于给水厂污泥构建的垂直流人工湿地的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vertical flow constructed wetland based on water supply plant sludge in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2本发明实施例中构建的人工湿地对养殖废水中COD的处理效率图；The constructed wetland constructed in the embodiment of the present invention in Fig. 2 is to the treatment efficiency figure of COD in the aquaculture wastewater;
图3本发明实施例中构建的人工湿地对养殖废水中氨氮的处理效率图；The artificial wetland constructed in the embodiment of the present invention in Fig. 3 is to the treatment efficiency diagram of ammonia nitrogen in the culture wastewater;
图4本发明实施例中构建的人工湿地对养殖废水中总氮的处理效率图；The artificial wetland constructed in the embodiment of the present invention in Fig. 4 is to the processing efficiency diagram of total nitrogen in the culture wastewater;
图5本发明实施例中构建的人工湿地对养殖废水中总磷的处理效率图。Fig. 5 is a diagram of the treatment efficiency of total phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater by the constructed wetland constructed in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将参考附图并结合实施例，来详细说明本发明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments.
以某给水处理厂的废弃污泥为原料，该污泥中铁和铝的含量分别为100和50mg·g-1，比表面积为78.8m2·g-1。给水厂污泥干化、破碎后，选取粒径1～2cm的颗粒作为人工湿地的填充材料。人工湿地由聚乙烯柱组成，柱内径为9cm，高度80cm，将干净的石粒填装到柱子的底部段作为承托层，填装高度为10cm；然后用准备好的给水厂污泥填装上部段，填料层高60cm(图1)。填充给水厂污泥的质量为2.85kg(含水率为10.82％)，人工湿地的有效体积V为1.8L，孔隙率为40％。人工湿地采用分段进水和间歇曝气方式运行，由进水泵、排水泵和计时器控制进出水流量和时间；空气压缩机由计时器控制对系统进行间歇曝气。养殖废水由进水泵从上层进入人工湿地，系统每天3个循环，每个循环分3阶段进水(进水比率为60％，30％，10％)，即每160min进一次水；每个循环进水0.2L，因此进水流量为0.6L·d-1，水力停留时间为3d。同时每个循环曝气80min，使反应器保持缺氧／好氧的状态。系统每8h排水一次，每次排水0.2L。养殖废水取自某养牛场，经适当稀释后作为人工湿地的进水，定期测量进出水中COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的浓度。养殖废水经过人工湿地可以有效的去除废水中的有机物、氮磷等污染物。Using waste sludge from a water treatment plant as raw material, the content of iron and aluminum in the sludge is 100 and 50mg·g -1 respectively, and the specific surface area is 78.8m 2 ·g -1 . After the sludge from the water supply plant is dried and crushed, particles with a particle size of 1 to 2 cm are selected as filling materials for the constructed wetland. The constructed wetland is composed of polyethylene columns with an inner diameter of 9cm and a height of 80cm. Fill the bottom section of the column with clean stones as a supporting layer, and the filling height is 10cm; then fill it with the prepared sludge from the water supply plant In the upper section, the packing layer is 60cm high (Figure 1). The quality of filling sludge from the water supply plant is 2.85kg (water content 10.82%), the effective volume V of the constructed wetland is 1.8L, and the porosity is 40%. The artificial wetland adopts segmental water intake and intermittent aeration to operate, and the inflow and outflow water flow and time are controlled by the inflow pump, drainage pump and timer; the air compressor is controlled by the timer to aerate the system intermittently. The aquaculture wastewater enters the artificial wetland from the upper layer by the water inlet pump. The system circulates 3 times a day, and each cycle is divided into 3 stages of water intake (water intake ratios are 60%, 30%, and 10%), that is, water is fed once every 160 minutes; each cycle The water inflow is 0.2L, so the inflow flow rate is 0.6L·d -1 and the hydraulic retention time is 3d. At the same time, each cycle is aerated for 80 minutes to keep the reactor in anoxic/aerobic state. The system drains once every 8 hours, each draining 0.2L. Breeding wastewater is taken from a cattle farm, and after being properly diluted, it is used as the influent of the constructed wetland, and the concentrations of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the influent and effluent water are regularly measured. The aquaculture wastewater can effectively remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in the wastewater through the constructed wetland.
如图2所示，垂直流人工湿地对养殖废水中COD的去除率逐渐升高并趋于稳定，去除率范围在80％-88％之间。氨氮平均去除率达到90％以上(图3)，总氮的去除率可达到75％-89％(图4)。总磷的去除率迅速上升，而后逐渐趋于平衡，去除率稳定高于95％(图5)。可见在系统运行条件下，本发明对养殖废水表现出较好的COD、氮磷去除效果。As shown in Figure 2, the removal rate of COD in the aquaculture wastewater by the vertical flow constructed wetland gradually increased and tended to be stable, and the removal rate ranged from 80% to 88%. The average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reaches over 90% (Figure 3), and the removal rate of total nitrogen can reach 75%-89% (Figure 4). The removal rate of total phosphorus rose rapidly, and then gradually reached a balance, and the removal rate was stably higher than 95% (Fig. 5). It can be seen that under the operating conditions of the system, the present invention exhibits better COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects on aquaculture wastewater.
需要强调的是，上述实施例虽然对本发明作了比较详细的说明，但是这些说明只是对本发明说明性的，而不是对发明的限制，任何不超出本发明实质精神内的发明创造，均落在本发明权利保护范围之内。It should be emphasized that although the above-mentioned embodiments have described the present invention in more detail, these descriptions are only illustrative of the present invention, rather than limiting the invention, and any inventions that do not exceed the spirit of the present invention all fall within Within the protection scope of the present invention.
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