CN102358660A - Industrial mariculture efflux water recycling and utilization system based on constructed wetlands, and method thereof - Google Patents
Industrial mariculture efflux water recycling and utilization system based on constructed wetlands, and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an industrial mariculture efflux water recycling and utilization system based on constructed wetlands, and a method thereof. With the system and the method, two grades of constructed wetlands are connected in series to treat the mariculture efflux water, the sewage and the sludge are subjected to the harmless treatment, and are recycled and utilized. According to the present invention, the mariculture efflux water is pretreated by a sedimentation tank, and enters a first grade surface flow constructed wetland and a second grade upward vertical flow constructed wetland; the resulting water is subjected to a purification treatment, enters a water reservoir, and is reused; the sludge enters a sludge collecting tank from the sedimentation tank, and is treated by biological composting to be adopted for planting salt-tolerant vegetables; with the backwashing principle, the matrix clogging of the constructed wetlands is aperiodically recovered; compared to the mariculture efflux water treatment method in the prior art, with the method of the present invention, the denitrification and phosphorus removal effect is enhanced, the investment cost and the operating cost are low, the method has characteristics of high performance, ecology, environmental protection and economy, and is applicable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the outer drainage processing method of a kind of aquaculture, especially relate to a kind of System and method for that utilizes artificial swamp to handle the outer draining of sea farming.
Background technology
Over nearly 20 years, the culture fishery of China obtains fast development.According to statistics, China's aquaculture output had reached 3,597 ten thousand tons in 2006, accounted for 68% of China's fishery ultimate production, accounted for more than 70% of world's aquaculture ultimate production, was the country that present unique cultured output surpasses fishery output.China's industrialized culture water body has reached 5,000,000 m at present
2, estimate also to have from now on a great development.Thereby because the breed scale heighten degree that constantly enlarges, intensify, and environmental protective measure lags behind and the outer draining of breed that causes is discharged, and the destruction that not only causes outside atmosphere also directly affects aquaculture water self safety of environment.At present, the treatment process of the outer draining of sea farming is a lot.Physical method has deposition, absorption, filtration, magnetic separation, foam separation, uv irradiating etc.; Chemical process has flocculation, neutralization, complexing, chemical disinfection etc., and biological method adds light and bacterium, plant filter, active sludge and microbial film.Yet the simple combination of single physics, chemistry and biological method or SOME METHODS can not satisfy the needs of highdensity industrialized culture, presses for a kind of comprehensive water treatment mode that integrates physics, chemistry, biology.
The artificial swamp purification techniques demonstrates good prospects for application in field of waste water treatment at present as comprehensive processing means.The theoretical investigation that artificial swamp is disposed of sewage starts from the MaxPlank institute of nineteen fifty-three Germany.1972, Seidel and Kichuth cooperation proposed the root domain tyeory, indicated that artificial swamp has formally got into the water pollution control field as a kind of novel sewage disposal technology.After this, the artificial swamp water purification technology is constantly perfect, and has obtained on Europe, the U.S., Canada, Japan and other places using widely 20th century 80, the nineties.At present; The artificial swamp technical application is more extensive, according to incompletely statistics, and by 2006; Europe has more than 10,000 artificial swamp; There are nearly 20,000 artificial swamps the North America, and Asia, Australia, latin america also have increasing artificial wet land treating system to build up and comes into operation (Wang Shihe, 2007).The research of China's constructed wetland waste water treatment technology starts from the enforcement period of the seventh five-year plan.The white clay that build in Shenzhen, the nineteen ninety State Environmental Protection Administration south China environmental protection place 3100m that disposes of sewage worker's wetland day that cheats
3, can be regarded as actual practice first.Although the research of artificial swamp water purification technology is started late in China, development rapidly.At present, the artificial swamp water purification technology makes important progress in the following aspects: (1) application constantly enlarges.Originally artificial swamp is mainly used in city domestic sewage, uses the second-stage treatment of various trade effluents such as weaving, papermaking, food, plating, petrochemical complex and the waste water of specific type afterwards gradually, like percolate, storm runoff etc.(2) design scale constantly enlarges.(2002) such as U.S. David the littoral prawn culturing waste water artificial wet land treating system of setting up takes up an area of 7.7ha in the Gulfian, day processing waste water 13600m
3Olympic Green, Beijing artificial swamp of China takes up an area of 60,000 m
2, daily handling ability 30,000 m
3(3) purifying water effect improves constantly.Summerfelts etc. (1999) utilize artificial swamp to the clearance of aquaculture water total suspended matter 96%, kjeldahl nitrogen is 82-93%.Liu etc. (2007) utilize the artificial swamp purification of heavy metal, and the clearance of Cd, Pb, Zn is all more than 90%.The research of Molleda etc. (2008) shows that artificial swamp is 97.0-100% to the clearance of pathogenic micro-organism.Wen Yue etc. (2007) utilize the organism of horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land in disposing of sewage, and the water outlet COD of system is all less than 30mg/L.
Although the artificial swamp technology provides possibility for the processing of the outer draining of sea farming, but still below existing gordian technique to be solved is arranged: (1) needs to set up the artificial wet land treating system to salt tolerant, comprises selection, the cultivation of salt-tolerant plant and mikrobe.(2) the advanced treatment problem of nitrogen phosphorus under effect, the especially lower concentration of need reinforcement artificial swamp denitrogenation dephosphorizing.(3) prevention of artificial swamp matrix obstruction and recovery countermeasure.
Thereby, The present invention be directed to the outer draining water purification technology present situation of present batch production sea farming, and the problem that combines the artificial swamp technology in application, to exist proposes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of purifying water effect is good, investment and working cost be low, simple to operation, can realize that the unified batch production sea farming of economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits effluxes the water circulation use System and method for; Based on artificial swamp and through technological invention, transform overcome its salt resistance ability a little less than, poor denitrification and dephosphorization effect, matrix be prone to deficiencies such as obstruction.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following: a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system; Comprise the settling tank that is connected with the water exhaust system of culturing the workshop; Culture between workshop and the settling tank and be provided with the drop water aeration step; Settling tank is connected with the one-level surface current artificial wetland through water discharge line, and one-level surface current artificial wetland is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, makes the outer draining of handling through the one-level surface current artificial wetland get into the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary from the bottom; The vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary is connected with water reservoir, and water reservoir is connected with the return water system of culturing the workshop through water channel; The vertical up stream artificial swamp of described secondary also is connected with settling tank through shore pipe, and settling tank connects the mud collecting tank through shore pipe, and the mud collecting tank connects the biological compost treating pond.
Further; Aforesaid a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system; Wherein, the substrate material of the vertical up stream artificial swamp filling of described secondary is respectively 20cm gravel bed, 20cm zeolite layer, 20cm Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket, the medium sandy gravel stratum of 10cm from down to up.
Further; Aforesaid a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system; Wherein, the gravel particle diameter of described gravel bed is 5～8cm, and the zeolite particle diameter of described zeolite layer is 3～5cm; The blast-furnace slag particle diameter of described Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket is 1～3cm, and the medium gravel particle diameter of described medium sandy gravel stratum is 0.5～1cm.
Further, aforesaid a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system, and wherein, the gradient of the vertical up stream artificial swamp with secondary of described one-level surface current artificial wetland is 0.3%～2%.
Further; Aforesaid a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system; Wherein, Plant salt-tolerant plant on the vertical up stream artificial swamp of described one-level surface current artificial wetland, comprise among reed, cattail, rice grass, the spartina alterniflora loisel one or more through domestication with secondary.
Further; Aforesaid a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system; Wherein, Described shore pipe diameter is 160mm～250mm; The shore pipe of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary and the shore pipe of settling tank are in series, and are the shape setting of
respectively; The shore pipe upper left side, above and the upper right side leave 3 row diameters be 20mm, spacing is the mud discharging mouth of 100mm.
Further, aforesaid a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system, wherein, also comprises the growing vegetables district, and plantation salt tolerant vegetables alkali is fluffy, in the tomato, celery, capsicum one or more.
A kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use method, cultures outer draining and discharges by culturing the workshop, under action of gravity, after the oxygenation of drop water aeration step, flows freely into settling tank; , sedimentation gets into one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary successively after removing suspended particulate matter; After purifying treatment, get into water reservoir again and introduce breed workshop reuse through water channel; Settled suspended particulate matter then gets into the mud collecting tank by shore pipe under the pressure effect of water, after sedimentation again, dehydration, be transferred to the biological compost treating pond, uses in the growing vegetables district after processing organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation.
Further, aforesaid batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use method, wherein, adds the salt-durable microbe through domestication at the vertical up stream artificial swamp with secondary of one-level surface current artificial wetland.
Further, aforesaid batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use method, wherein, in settling tank, cultures mud snail.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) efficient.Can effectively remove pollutents such as suspended substance, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, especially compare the effect of having strengthened denitrogenation dephosphorizing with single surface current artificial wetland or vertical current constructed wetland.
(2) economy.Present technique construction investment cost is low, does not need power consumption in the operational process, does not need maintenance cost basically.Every square metre of artificial swamp can be realized the recycle of 300 cubes of water bodys every year, surplus in the of years cost-saved 1000 yuan.
(3) environmental protection.Present technique is handled culturing outer draining, and recycle, has realized completely " zero release ".
(4) slow down and recover to stop up.Adopt the mode of intermittent water inflow to slow down the matrix obstruction, and adopt backwash technique to recover matrix and stop up.
(5) ecology.Constructed wetland plant not only plays a part purifying water body, has certain greening ornamental value simultaneously.Can be used as the starting material of feed or organic fertilizer simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 effluxes the water circulation use process flow sheet for the batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp;
Fig. 2 effluxes water circulation use System planes figure for the batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp;
Fig. 3 is the vertical up stream artificial swamp of a secondary sectional view;
Fig. 4 is the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, sludge from sedimentation tank pipe vertical view;
Fig. 5 is the shore pipe sectional view.
Among the figure: 1-cultures the workshop; 2-drop water aeration step; The 3-settling tank; 4-one-level surface current artificial wetland; The vertical up stream artificial swamp of 5-secondary; The 6-water reservoir; The 7-water channel; 8-mud collecting tank; 9-biological compost treating pond; 10-vegetables culture zone; The 11-valve; The 12-water pump; The 13-shore pipe; The 14-water-in; The 15-gravel; The 16-zeolite; 17-high rate slag; The medium gravel of 18-; The 19-water outlet; The 20-reed; The 21-mud discharging mouth.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of system that effluxes water circulation use based on the batch production sea farming of artificial swamp provided by the present invention; According to landform, physical features design; Comprise and culture workshop, settling tank, one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, water reservoir, mud collecting tank, biological compost treating pond and growing vegetables district etc., wherein settling tank, one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, water reservoir is connected successively and with culture the workshop and form the cyclic utilization system of outer draining; The vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary, settling tank, biological compost treating pond and growing vegetables district are composed in series the cyclic utilization system of excess sludge successively.
Culture outer draining and discharge, under action of gravity, after the oxygenation of drop water aeration step, flow freely into settling tank by culturing the workshop; , sedimentation gets into one-level surface current artificial wetland, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary successively after removing suspended particulate matter; After purifying treatment, get into water reservoir again and introduce breed workshop reuse through water channel; Settled suspended particulate matter then gets into the mud collecting tank by shore pipe under the pressure effect of water, after sedimentation again, dehydration, be transferred to the biological compost treating pond, uses in the growing vegetables district after processing organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation.
System architecture of the present invention is formed as shown in Figure 2; Comprise the settling tank 3 that is connected with the water exhaust system of culturing workshop 1; Culture between workshop 1 and the settling tank 3 and be provided with drop water aeration step 2; Settling tank 3 is connected with one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 through water discharge line, and one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary, makes the outer draining of handling through one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 get into the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary from the bottom; The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary is connected with water reservoir 6, and water reservoir 6 is connected with the return water system of culturing workshop 1 through water channel 7; The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of described secondary also is connected with settling tank 3 through shore pipe 13; Settling tank 3 connects mud collecting tank 8 through shore pipe; Mud collecting tank 8 connects biological compost treating pond 9,10 uses in the growing vegetables district after organic fertilizer is processed in oxidation, fermentation.The function and the constitutional features of each integral part of said system are following:
Culture workshop 1: be used for carrying out the batch production sea farming.
Settling tank 3: can realize that sea farming effluxes the separation of cement, water, removes most of suspended particulate and organic substance; Culture the mud snail of filter-feeding in the settling tank, and the pipeline of laying spoil disposal is connected with mud collecting tank, secondary vertical current constructed wetland.
One-level surface current artificial wetland 4: one-level surface current artificial wetland bottom is a soil matrix, does not fill any other substrate material, and plantation is through the salt-tolerant plant of domestication above, among reed, cattail, rice grass, the spartina alterniflora loisel one or more.
The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary: the substrate material that the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary is filled be respectively from down to up the gravel that thickness is 20cm (5～8cm), thickness be 20cm zeolite (3～5cm), thickness be 20cm blast-furnace slag (1～3cm), thickness is the medium gravel (0.5～1cm) of 10cm.Plantation is through the salt-tolerant plant of domestication above, among reed, cattail, rice grass, the spartina alterniflora loisel one or more.
Water reservoir 6: be used for the outer draining of breed that stores processor crosses.
Mud collecting tank 8: can realize mud-water separation.
Biological compost treating pond 9: mud is processed organic fertilizer through the oxidation of biological compost treating pond, fermentation.
Growing vegetables district 10: realize the recycle of organic fertilizer, and plantation salt tolerant vegetables alkali is fluffy, in the tomato, celery, capsicum one or more.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is carried out detailed description.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, efflux the water circulation use system based on the batch production sea farming of artificial swamp, comprise the settling tank 3 that is connected with the water exhaust system of culturing workshop 1, culture between workshop 1 and the settling tank 3 and be provided with drop water aeration step 2, in settling tank 3, culture mud snail.Settling tank 3 is connected with one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 through water discharge line; One-level surface current artificial wetland 4 is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary; The gradient of the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 with secondary of one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 is 0.3%～2% and (refers to per 100 meters of horizontal throw; Vertical direction rises or descends 0.3～2 meter), make the outer draining of handling through one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 get into the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary from the bottom.Plant salt-tolerant plant on the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of one-level surface current artificial wetland 4, comprise among reed, cattail, rice grass, the spartina alterniflora loisel one or more through domestication with secondary.Mikrobe derives from the salt-durable microbe of system's natural propagation on the one hand in the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 with secondary of one-level surface current artificial wetland 4, derives from the salt-durable microbe through domestication of interpolation on the other hand.The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary is connected with water reservoir 6, and water reservoir 6 is connected with the return water system of culturing workshop 1 through water channel 7.The vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of described secondary also is connected with settling tank 3 through shore pipe 13, and settling tank 3 connects mud collecting tank 8 through shore pipe, and mud collecting tank 8 connects biological compost treating pond 9.After organic fertilizer is processed in oxidation, fermentation, 10 use in the growing vegetables district, growing vegetables district plantation salt tolerant vegetables alkali is fluffy, in the tomato, celery, capsicum one or more.
As shown in Figure 3, the substrate material that the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary is filled is respectively the gravel bed 15 that thickness is 20cm, the zeolite layer 16 that thickness is 20cm, the Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket 17 that thickness is 20cm, the medium sandy gravel stratum 18 that thickness is 10cm from down to up.The gravel particle diameter of gravel bed 15 is 5～8cm, and the zeolite particle diameter of described zeolite layer 16 is 3～5cm, and the blast-furnace slag particle diameter of described Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket 17 is 1～3cm, and the medium gravel particle diameter of described medium sandy gravel stratum 18 is 0.5～1cm.Planting on the wetland has reed 20, and the water outlet 19 of wetland is positioned at medium sandy gravel stratum more than 18.Be provided with shore pipe 13 in the bottom of gravel bed 15.Shore pipe 13 diameters are 160mm～250mm.
As shown in Figure 4; The shore pipe 13 of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary 5 bottoms is in series with the shore pipe 13 of settling tank 3 bottoms, two cover shore pipes 13 and the shape setting that is
respectively.On placed in-line spoil disposal pipeline, be provided with valve 11.Two cover shore pipes 13 are respectively by two valve 11 independent control, not timing spoil disposal.As shown in Figure 5, it is 20mm that 3 row's diameters are left in shore pipe 13 upper left sides, top and upper right side, and spacing is the mud discharging mouth 21 of 100mm.
The outer draining of sea farming is discharged by culturing workshop 1, under action of gravity, behind drop water aeration oxygenation, flows freely into settling tank 3 and realizes mud-water separation; Outer draining gets into one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 and carries out the one-level processing through absorption, matrix absorption and the microbiological deterioration of salt-tolerant plant; The outer draining of handling through one-level surface current artificial wetland 4 gets into the vertical up stream artificial swamp 5 of secondary through matrix filtration, absorption from the bottom, plant absorbing, and the processing of the degree of depth is carried out in microbiological deterioration; Water after the processing flows into water reservoir 6; The water of water reservoir can be through water pump 12 reuses to culturing workshop 1.
The excess sludge that produces at settling tank 3 can enter mud collecting tank 6 through shore pipe 13 not timings of bottom, through transferring to biological compost treating pond 9 after sedimentation once more, the dehydration, 10 uses in the growing vegetables district after organic fertilizer is processed in oxidation, fermentation.The vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary 5 bottoms are installed shore pipe 13 and are linked to each other with settling tank 4, through back flushing principle not timing spoil disposal.
Native system can effectively be removed pollutents such as suspended substance, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, to the clearance of nitrogen, phosphorus respectively up to more than 88% and 90%.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, belong within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technology thereof if of the present invention these are revised with modification, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (10)
1. the batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use system; It is characterized in that: comprise the settling tank (3) that is connected with the water exhaust system of culturing workshop (1); Culture between workshop (1) and the settling tank (3) and be provided with drop water aeration step (2); Settling tank (3) is connected with one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) through water discharge line; One-level surface current artificial wetland (4) is connected with the bottom of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5); Make the outer draining of handling through one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) get into the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5) from the bottom, the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5) is connected with water reservoir (6), and water reservoir (6) is connected with the return water system of culturing workshop (1) through water channel (7); The vertical up stream artificial swamp of described secondary (5) also is connected with settling tank (3) through shore pipe (13), and settling tank (3) connects mud collecting tank (8) through shore pipe, and mud collecting tank (8) connects biological compost treating pond (9).
2. a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp according to claim 1 effluxes the water circulation use system, it is characterized in that: the substrate material that the vertical up stream artificial swamp of described secondary (5) is filled is respectively 20cm gravel bed (15), 20cm zeolite layer (16), 20cm Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket (17), the medium sandy gravel stratum of 10cm (18) from down to up.
3. a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp according to claim 2 effluxes the water circulation use system; It is characterized in that: the gravel particle diameter of described gravel bed (15) is 5～8cm; The zeolite particle diameter of described zeolite layer (16) is 3～5cm; The blast-furnace slag particle diameter of described Blast Furnace Ore slag blanket (17) is 1～3cm, and the medium gravel particle diameter of described medium sandy gravel stratum (18) is 0.5～1cm.
4. efflux the water circulation use system according to any described a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the gradient of the vertical up stream artificial swamp with secondary of described one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) (5) is 0.3%～2%.
5. a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp according to claim 4 effluxes the water circulation use system; It is characterized in that: the vertical up stream artificial swamp with secondary of described one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) (5) is gone up the salt-tolerant plant of plantation through domestication, comprises among reed, cattail, rice grass, the spartina alterniflora loisel one or more.
6. a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp according to claim 1 effluxes the water circulation use system; It is characterized in that: described shore pipe (13) diameter is 160mm～250mm; The shore pipe of the shore pipe of the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5) and settling tank (3) is in series, and is the shape setting of
respectively; Leaving 3 row's diameters in shore pipe (13) upper left side, top and upper right side is 20mm, and spacing is the mud discharging mouth (21) of 100mm.
7. a kind of batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp according to claim 1 effluxes the water circulation use system, it is characterized in that: also comprise growing vegetables district (10), plantation salt tolerant vegetables alkali is fluffy, in the tomato, celery, capsicum one or more.
8. the batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp effluxes the water circulation use method, it is characterized in that: culture outer draining and discharge by culturing workshop (1), under action of gravity, after drop water aeration step (2) oxygenation, flow freely into settling tank (3); , sedimentation gets into one-level surface current artificial wetland (4), the vertical up stream artificial swamp of secondary (5) successively after removing suspended particulate matter; After purifying treatment, get into water reservoir (6) again and introduce breed workshop (1) reuse through water channel (7); Settled suspended particulate matter then gets into mud collecting tank (8) by shore pipe (13) under the pressure effect of water, after sedimentation again, dehydration, be transferred to biological compost treating pond (9), uses in growing vegetables district (10) after processing organic fertilizer through oxidation, fermentation.
9. the batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp according to claim 8 effluxes the water circulation use method, it is characterized in that: add the salt-durable microbe through domestication at the vertical up stream artificial swamp with secondary of one-level surface current artificial wetland (4) (5).
10. the batch production sea farming based on artificial swamp according to claim 8 effluxes the water circulation use method, it is characterized in that: in settling tank (3), culture mud snail.
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