CN203768124U - Ecological filter for micro-polluted water treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an ecological filter for micro-polluted water treatment, which comprises a descending pool (6) and an ascending pool (9), the upper layers of the descending pool (6) and the ascending pool (9) are planted with aquatic The plant (4), the middle layer is a packing filter layer, the lower layer is a supporting layer, a partition wall is provided between the descending pool (6) and the ascending pool (9), and the supporting layer of the descending pool and the supporting layer of the ascending pool There is a perforated wall (8) connected, and a perforated aeration pipe (14) is installed in the supporting layer of the ascending pool (9). The upper part of the pool body of (6) flows in, and the treated water flows out from the upper part of the pool body of the ascending pool (9). The utility model has the advantages of integrating the artificial wetland and the biofilter, not only removing the suspended matter in the water body, but also absorbing and biodegrading the soluble pollutants in the water, so as to realize the comprehensive treatment of sewage.

Description

An ecological filter for micro-polluted water treatment

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of environmental ecological engineering, and in particular relates to an ecological filter pool for purifying slightly polluted water by utilizing the synergistic effect of environmental engineering technology and ecological engineering technology.

Background technique

Rivers and lakes are precious fresh water resources, an important source of water for people's daily life, and also a natural landscape water body, which is closely related to people's lives.

Since the water bodies of lakes, especially the artificial lakes in living quarters, are mostly slow-flowing water bodies with poor fluidity, the water environment capacity is small, and the self-purification ability of water bodies is low, so they are extremely susceptible to pollution (the internal source of pollution is the pollution of internal waterfowl or animals, etc. and the release of sediment pollutants; external sources of pollution include rainfall runoff, domestic sewage and garbage, etc.). When the water body of a lake is polluted to a certain extent, it will cause eutrophication of the water body, resulting in the proliferation of algae in the water body, and the water body will turn black and smelly, thereby affecting the surrounding ecological environment and people's quality of life.

At present, people have paid more and more attention to the treatment of polluted water, but the treatment of polluted water costs a lot of money but has little benefit, which has become a major problem for people. In order to restore good water quality to polluted rivers, lakes and other water bodies, it is necessary to cut off the entry of point source pollution first, and prevent the direct discharge of domestic sewage and garbage without treatment; at the same time, it is necessary to adopt appropriate processes to effectively treat polluted water bodies .

At present, there has been some research on the treatment of slightly polluted water bodies, and the main treatment methods include environmental engineering and ecological engineering methods. Environmental engineering methods are mainly physical and chemical methods and biochemical methods. Physical and chemical methods include: 1. coagulation sedimentation method, filtration method, and drug-adding air flotation method; 2. sterilization and disinfection, which is to inhibit the growth of fungi or algae in water bodies Add a certain amount of inhibitor. Biochemical methods include: 1. Processes and variants based on activated sludge method and biofilm method; 2. Aeration and oxygenation method, that is, artificial aeration and reoxygenation of water bodies to increase the dissolved oxygen content in water, so that Maintain an aerobic state, accelerate the decomposition of organic pollutants in water, and prevent the occurrence of black and odorous water bodies. The ecological engineering method mainly refers to the water ecological method. Guided by ecological principles, aquatic animals and plants with anti-pollution and strong purification functions are cultivated artificially to build a good water ecosystem and purify water quality.

Environmental engineering methods have high treatment efficiency and are less affected by seasonality, but they also have certain limitations: generally, a large amount of chemicals and power equipment need to be invested, and operating costs are high; and environmental engineering facilities have a certain impact on the natural landscape; Treatment (such as disinfection) may have negative effects on aquatic flora and fauna. The biochemical method is very effective in removing dissolved pollutants in the water body, and will not cause damage to the water body ecosystem, which meets the requirements of green ecology.

The ecological engineering method has the characteristics of environmental friendliness and low operating cost, but it is greatly affected by the season, and the treatment effect is poor or basically has no removal effect in winter and early plant growth, so it also has certain limitations.

Environmental engineering methods or ecological engineering methods alone are difficult to achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of slightly polluted river water, so the combination of environmental engineering methods and ecological engineering methods can achieve ideal and stable treatment through the complementary advantages of the two. It is an important development direction for the treatment of slightly polluted water in the future.

In environmental engineering technology, the filtration effect of biological filter has the characteristics of good removal effect on suspended solids in water body, small equipment size, convenient operation and management, and little impact on animals and plants in water body after treatment of effluent. However, conventional filtration methods have basically no effect on the removal of dissolved pollutants in water bodies, and dissolved pollutants will accumulate in water bodies. The ecological treatment process of constructed wetland has strong functions such as absorption and interception of aquatic plant roots and root microbial degradation, and has a good treatment effect on dissolved organic matter in water. Therefore, using the complementary advantages of biofilter and constructed wetland, combining constructed wetland and biofilter to develop an ecologically efficient water pollution treatment device will have a good application prospect in the treatment of slightly polluted water .

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an ecological filter for micro-polluted water treatment, which combines artificial wetland and biological filter, which can not only remove suspended matter in the water body, but also improve the solubility of the water. Pollutants have the functions of absorption and biodegradation, and realize the comprehensive treatment of sewage.

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is achieved through such a technical scheme, which includes a descending pond and an ascending pond, the upper layer of the descending pond and the ascending pond are planted with aquatic plants, the middle layer is a packing filter layer, and the lower layer is a supporting layer , There is a partition wall between the descending pool and the ascending pool, a perforated wall is connected between the supporting layer of the descending pool and the supporting layer of the ascending pool, and a perforated aeration pipe is installed in the supporting layer of the ascending pool The blower aeration device is connected outside, the sewage flows in from the upper part of the pool body of the descending pool, and the treated water flows out from the upper part of the pool body of the ascending pool.

The pollutants in the sewage are initially absorbed and intercepted near the plant roots in the descending pond. Due to the reoxygenation of the atmosphere and the oxygen secretion of the plant roots, an aerobic microenvironment is formed near the plant roots, which is good for bacteria. Provide a good growth environment, promote aerobic microorganisms to multiply on the surface of the substrate and root system, and degrade the easily degradable dissolved organic matter in the sewage; An anoxic-anaerobic microenvironment is formed in the middle and lower part of the filter layer, which provides a good environment for the growth and reproduction of facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Refractory organic matter and organic matter that are not completely degraded in the upper part are anaerobically hydrolyzed at this stage Digestion; the sewage after anaerobic digestion seeps into the supporting layer of the descending pool, enters the ascending pool through the perforated wall, and artificially aerates and reoxygenates through the perforated aeration tube in the supporting layer of the ascending pool, most of the COD, Ammonia nitrogen is removed at this stage, and as the sewage flows upward in the upstream tank, the dissolved oxygen gradually decreases, forming an anoxic environment conducive to denitrification, thereby achieving the complete removal of TN. The treated sewage is reabsorbed by emergent plants in the upper part of the ascending pool to further ensure the quality of the effluent.

Preferably, a regulating pool is provided outside the descending pool, and a water inlet pipe is installed on the top of the regulating pool, and a water outlet of the regulating pool is provided at a certain height from the bottom of the regulating pool, and the water outlet of the regulating pool is connected to the water inlet pipe of the sewage pump, and the outlet of the sewage pump The water pipe is a porous water distribution pipe, and the water distribution pipe is fixed on the upper part of the pool body of the descending pool and buried under the surface of the filling filter layer of the descending pool.

The sewage enters the descending pond through the regulating pond, and the regulating pond plays the role of regulating water volume and pre-sedimentation, which can remove most of the suspended solid matter SS, and reduce the blockage of the filling filter layer of the descending pond and the ascending pond. the

Due to the above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model has the following technical effects:

The utility model combines the vertical flow artificial wetland and the aerated biological filter, and is a compound ecological purification technology integrating physical, chemical and biological purification methods. The working principle of this composite ecological purification technology is: decompose complex macromolecules into simple molecules through physical actions such as interception, filtration, and deposition, chemical actions such as adsorption, ion exchange, antagonism, and redox reactions, as well as the synergistic action of microorganisms and aquatic animals and plants. , small molecules, etc., to achieve the degradation and removal of pollutants.

Therefore, the utility model has the advantages of integrating the constructed wetland and the biological filter, which can not only remove suspended solids in the water body, but also absorb and biodegrade soluble pollutants in the water, and realize the comprehensive treatment of sewage.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings of the utility model are as follows:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.

In the figure: 1. water inlet pipe; 2. regulating tank; 3. sewage pump; 4. aquatic plants; Pool; 10. Water collection pipe; 11. Outlet channel; 12. Drainage pipe; 13. Blast aeration device; 14. Perforated aeration pipe; 15. Empty pipe; 16. Mud discharge pipe.

Detailed ways

The concept of the utility model is: deepen the depth of the artificial wetland to more than 1.6m, and divide the artificial wetland into two parts, the downward pool and the upward pool, and aerate the bottom of the upward pool, so that the artificial wetland and the biological filter are organically combined in one Together, a water treatment pool with the characteristics of a biological filter and an artificial wetland is formed, and then includes inflow pretreatment facilities and outflow facilities to form a new set of treatment pools for slightly polluted water.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described:

As shown in Figure 1, the utility model comprises descending pond 6 and ascending pond 9, and the upper floor of described descending pond 6 and ascending pond 9 is planted with aquatic plants 4, and the middle layer is a filler filter layer, and the lower floor is a supporting layer, and descending pond 6 There is a partition wall between the ascending pool 9 and the supporting layer 7 of the descending pool and the supporting layer of the ascending pool. The aeration pipe 14 connects the blower aeration device 13 outside, and the sewage flows in from the upper part of the pool body of the descending pool 6, and the treated water flows out from the upper part of the pool body of the ascending pool 9.

The outside of the descending pool 6 is provided with a regulating pool 2, and the top of the regulating pool 2 is equipped with a water inlet pipe 1, and a certain height from the bottom surface of the regulating pool 2 is provided with a regulating pool outlet, and the regulating pool outlet is connected to the water inlet pipe of the sewage pump 3, and the sewage The outlet pipe of the pump 3 is a porous water distribution pipe 5, and the water distribution pipe 5 is fixed on the upper part of the pool body of the descending pool 6, and is buried under the surface of the filling filter layer of the descending pool.

A mud discharge pipe 16 is provided at the bottom of the regulating tank 2 to remove deposited sludge, and a filter screen is provided at the water outlet of the regulating tank to intercept large-sized debris.

A water collecting pipe 10 is installed on the upper part of the ascending pool 9 pool body, and the water collecting pipe 10 is buried under the filler filter layer surface of the ascending pool, and the outlet of the water collecting pipe 10 is located in the outlet channel 11 outside the ascending pool. The treated water is discharged into the receiving water body through the drain pipe 12 installed in the outlet channel 11 .

The inner sidewall of the supporting layer of the ascending pool 9 is equipped with an emptying pipe 15, and when maintenance is required, the water in the descending pool and the ascending pool will be emptied by the emptying pipe 15. Valves are installed on the water inlet pipe 1, the water collecting pipe 10 and the emptying pipe 15, so as to easily adjust the water volume and flow rate.

The utility model is an underground or semi-underground type, and the height of the ascending pool 9 is lower than that of the descending pool 6 by more than 30mm, so as to ensure the smooth discharge of sewage under the action of the height difference. The aeration device consists of a blower and a perforated aeration tube, and the size and aperture of the aeration tube are determined by the actual water quality of the influent.

The aspect ratio of the utility model is generally controlled between 2:1 and 3:1, the depth of the pool body is greater than 1.6m, and the safety superheight above the filler filter layer is 20-30mm. The particle size of the soil layer on the upper part of the filling filter layer of the descending pool 6 and the ascending pool 9 is 4-8mm, and the thickness is 30-40mm; Layered filling with a thickness of 100cm-120cm; the limestone particle size of the supporting layer at the bottom of the pool is 50-80mm and the thickness is 20-30mm. The biofilm formed on the filler can better degrade the organic pollutants in the river water, and remove ammonia nitrogen and suspended solids at the same time.

Aquatic plants 4 are planted on the tops of the descending pool 6 and the ascending pool 9, and the ecological microenvironment of plant roots is used to purify sewage. Choose suitable aquatic plants according to the processing requirements and local climate conditions, and the planting density is reasonably selected according to the growth characteristics of different plants. Several different plants can be mixed and mixed to improve the adaptability of this process to seasonal changes and achieve a certain level. landscape effect.

In the descending pool 6, as the depth of the filler filter layer increases, the sewage gradually changes from an aerobic state to an anoxic state and an anaerobic state. In the ascending pool 9, due to the addition of an aeration device, the sewage becomes aerobic again. state, as the sewage runs upwards, the dissolved oxygen in the water gradually decreases and transforms into an anoxic state. This alternate aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic process strengthens the nitrification and denitrification process and greatly improves the denitrification of the device. nitrogen effect. During the actual operation, the aeration rate can also be adjusted according to the actual influent water quality or the intermittent aeration method can be adopted. the

The ecological filter of the utility model synergistically removes pollutants in water through physical action, chemical action and biochemical action. The physical effects are mainly interception, filtration, deposition, etc.; the chemical effects are mainly adsorption, ion exchange, antagonism and redox reactions, etc.; the biochemical effects are mainly the synergistic effect of plants, microorganisms and micro-animals in the filter tank and the action of biological enzymes, etc. , there are many types of microorganisms in the ecological filter, aerobic microorganisms, facultative microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms and micro-animals appear along the height of the filter material, combined with plant roots to form a tiny ecosystem, which provides a good micro-organism for the purification of sewage environment.

The utility model combines environmental engineering and ecological engineering, implants the components of the biological aerated filter in the artificial wetland, and obtains an ecological filter integrating the advantages of the artificial wetland and the biological aerated filter. It has the following advantages:

1) The utility model integrates physical, chemical and biological effects, and has the advantages of good treatment effect, small footprint, green ecology, and little influence by seasons;

2) The regulating tank in the ecological filter device for purifying slightly polluted water of the present utility model can effectively adjust the amount of treated water, avoid excessive water damage to the ecological filter during heavy rain, and also play the role of pre-sedimentation, which can Reduce clogging of subsequent ecological filters;

3) The water intake of the ecological filter device for purifying micro-polluted water of the present utility model adopts multi-space distribution pipes to distribute water evenly, which improves the utilization efficiency of the filter material, and at the same time, increasing the depth of the wetland can increase the effective residence time of sewage in the pool and reduce the pollution. Create an anoxic environment suitable for the growth of denitrifying bacteria, and strengthen the denitrification effect of the process;

4) The ecological filter device for purifying slightly polluted water of the present utility model is equipped with a perforated aeration pipe in the bottom of the ascending pool, which provides an alternate aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic environment for the ecological filter, which is beneficial to sewage Removal of organic matter, while strengthening the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus;

5) The ecological filter device for purifying micro-polluted water of the present utility model deepens the artificial wetland depth, can save floor space, and has the advantages of not being affected by the external temperature, no odor, and no breeding of mosquitoes and flies;

6) The design of the ecological filter device for purifying micro-polluted water of the present utility model fully considers landscape factors, integrates environmental engineering and ecological engineering into the landscape, and additional planting on the top of the ecological filter's downward and upward pools is ornamental The plants not only purify the surface water quality, but also beautify the environment.

Claims (7)

1. an ecological filter of processing for micro-polluted water, it is characterized in that: comprise downstream tank (6) and up pond (9), the upper strata kind of described downstream tank (6) and up pond (9) is implanted with waterplant (4), middle level is packing filter, lower floor is supporting layer, between downstream tank (6) and up pond (9), be provided with partition wall, between the supporting layer of downstream tank and the supporting layer in up pond, there is perforated wall (8) to be communicated with, boring aeration pipe (14) is housed in the supporting layer of up pond (9), the outer blast aerator (13) that connects of boring aeration pipe (14), sewage flows into from the body top, pond of downstream tank (6), processing water flows out from the body top, pond of up pond (9).

2. the ecological filter of processing for micro-polluted water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outside of downstream tank (6) is provided with equalizing tank (2), water inlet pipe (1) is equipped with at equalizing tank (2) top, the position of bottom surface, distance adjustment pond (2) certain altitude is provided with equalizing tank water outlet, equalizing tank water outlet connects the water inlet pipe of sump pump (3), the water distributor (5) that the rising pipe of sump pump (3) is porous, water distributor (5) is fixed on the body top, pond of downstream tank (6), and is embedded under downstream tank (6) packing filter surface.

3. the ecological filter of processing for micro-polluted water according to claim 2, is characterized in that: equalizing tank 2 bottoms arrange shore pipe (16), and equalizing tank water outlet arranges filter screen.

4. the ecological filter of processing for micro-polluted water according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: header (10) is installed on body top, pond, up pond (9), header (10) is embedded under packing filter surface, up pond, and header (10) outlet is positioned at the outlet canal (11) in outside, up pond (9).

5. the ecological filter of processing for micro-polluted water according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the supporting layer inner side-wall of up pond (9) is equipped with blow-down pipe (15), and on blow-down pipe (15), valve is set.

6. the ecological filter of processing for micro-polluted water according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the aspect ratio downstream tank (6) of up pond (9) is low.

7. the ecological filter of processing for micro-polluted water according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pedosphere particle diameter on downstream tank (6) and packing filter top, up pond (9) is 4-8mm, and thickness is 30-40mm; The metalling of packing filter bottom is filled by 10-20mm and the layering of two kinds of different-grain diameter rubbles of 20-30mm, and thickness is 100cm-120cm; The supporting layer limestone particle size of bottom, pond is 50-80mm, and thickness is 20-30mm.