CN103880257A - Ecological combined treatment method and device for rural distributed sewage - Google Patents
Ecological combined treatment method and device for rural distributed sewage Download PDFInfo
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- CN103880257A CN103880257A CN201410148248.2A CN201410148248A CN103880257A CN 103880257 A CN103880257 A CN 103880257A CN 201410148248 A CN201410148248 A CN 201410148248A CN 103880257 A CN103880257 A CN 103880257A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological combined treatment method and device for rural distributed sewage. The method comprises the steps of A) rural sewage collection and pretreatment; B) treatment by a biological filter; C) treatment by an artificial wetland and a stabilization pond; D) ecological landscape configuration. The device is characterized in that a main water inlet pipeline is respectively connected with a lattice pool and a regulation pool, the regulation pool is connected with a horizontal flow biological filter through a water distribution pipe, the horizontal flow biological filter is connected with a vertical flow biological filter through a filter screen-water distribution pipe, the vertical flow biological filter is connected with a first-level artificial wetland via a perforated water collection pipe which is horizontally arranged, the first-level artificial wetland is connected with a second-level artificial wetland through an overflow weir, the second-level artificial wetland is connected with the stabilization pond through a straight flow water drain pipe, and a main water drain pipe is arranged at the tail end of the stabilization pond. According to the method, energy consumption is not required, the operation and the maintenance are simple and convenient, and the method further has the advantages of landscape effect, economic benefits, simple structure and low investment; high-efficient purification of rural distributed domestic and farming sewage is realized, and the removal rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, COD and the like in sewage is above 80% after treatment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological wastewater processing technical field.More specifically relate to the ecologic assemblage treatment process of a kind of rural area decentralized type sewage, also relate to the device of the ecologic assemblage processing of a kind of rural area decentralized type sewage simultaneously, be suitable for rural area distributing life and aquaculture wastewater processing, can improve Ecological Environment.Particularly can utilize the natural difference of elevation of landform in southern hills district, whole waste disposal plant is realized zero power operation, is convenient to rural area and applies.
Background technology
In recent years, along with developing rapidly and the continuous propelling of urbanization of China's rural economy, the life of rural area distributing and aquaculture wastewater quantity discharged constantly increase, and periphery natural water, soil are caused to severe contamination.Meanwhile, decentralized type sewage discharge in rural area is just becoming the main pollution source in basin, also day by day becomes the main nitrogen phosphorus source in river mouth, downstream and lake, causes body eutrophication.Therefore, effectively process country sewage and just becoming problem demanding prompt solution.And the capital construction of municipal sewage treatment treatment plant and working cost are high, complex management, the sewage treatmentmethod of this high investment is difficult to promote in the vast Rural areas of China.Ecological Disposal pattern comprises the multiple technologies such as artificial swamp, soil seepage treatment technique, oxidation pond, biological filter, has the advantages such as construction cost is low, manageability, good sewage processing effect, for rural sewage treatment provides new outlet.But may there is the shortcomings such as treatment effect is unstable, floor space is large in single Ecological Disposal technology.Therefore, based on village economic condition and local physical environment, suit measures to local conditions to research and develop a kind ofly there is low investment, less energy-consumption and convenient operation and management, stability and high efficiency ecologic assemblage formula treatment process that working cost is low is to realize the important leverage that country sewage is effectively controlled.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide the ecologic assemblage treatment process of a kind of rural area decentralized type sewage, the environmental problems such as the method is low for Rural Areas at Present decentralized type sewage processing horizontal, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is increasingly serious, the ecologic assemblage treatment system that exploration utilizes that pipe network is concentrated, grid pond, equalizing tank, horizontal flow biological filter, vertical current biological filter and two-stage surface current artificial wetland, stabilization pond build rural area decentralized type sewage, realize effective processing of rural area distributing life and aquaculture wastewater, realize sewage purification and safety dumping.The method is easy without power consumption, operation and maintenance, also has certain landscape effect and economic return simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention is the device that has been to provide the ecologic assemblage processing of a kind of rural area decentralized type sewage, this apparatus structure is simple, reduced investment, zero power operation, convenient management, can realize the high-efficient purification to the life of rural area distributing and aquaculture wastewater, the clearances such as treated sewerage nitrogen and phosphor and COD are all more than 80%, in the artificial swamp of the second stage, plant aquatic economic vegetables simultaneously, realize the recycling of nitrogen phosphorus nutrient in sewage, resource utilization, the aquatic economic vegetables of output, in stabilization pond, breed fish, all can obtain economic return, and then raising peasant adopts the enthusiasm of this technology.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
The present invention utilizes the natural difference of elevation of southern hills district landform, concentrate rural area distributing life and the sewage of raising pigs by pipe network system, build sewerage ecological combined treatment device at physical features lower, comprise grid pond, equalizing tank, horizontal flow biological filter, vertical current biological filter, first step surface current artificial wetland and second stage surface current artificial wetland, stabilization pond, above-mentioned processing unit organically combines, and forms a set of complete rural sewage treatment process.
An ecologic assemblage treatment process for rural area decentralized type sewage, the steps include:
1, country sewage is collected and pre-treatment: with pvc pipe, the life of rural area distributing and aquaculture wastewater are collected, set up country sewage and collect pipe network, then by aggregation waterpipe, sewage is concentrated and is incorporated into grid pond.Grid pond is used for filtering, holding back the suspended substance or the floating matter that are greater than 2 centimetres, and sewage is carried out to primary deposition.In southern hills district, being distributed in the life in peasant household population center on Huo Shan limit, the foot of the hill or aquaculture wastewater can be imported and be built in lower, grid pond by flow by gravity by pipelines at different levels.The water outlet of grid pond enters equalizing tank, partial organic substances in solid particulate, microbiological anaerobic degradation of sewage in the further sedimentation sewage of equalizing tank.Then enter horizontal flow biological filter through parallel multi-pipeline (more than 3) water distribution system overflow.
2, process biological filter: equalizing tank water outlet enters horizontal flow biological filter, and straw, upper strata cultivation watermifoil, composition straw-watermifoil bacteria filter system are inserted in horizontal flow biological filter.Horizontal flow biological filter shows a large amount of anaerobism-amphimicrobes and the effect of watermifoil plant rhizosphere aerobic degradation of adhering to by straw, and watermifoil self Fast Growth absorbs nutrient, can remove high loading nitrogen phosphorus, COD and heavy metal etc. in sewage, also can cover, absorb and remove stink in sewage.
The water outlet of horizontal flow biological filter enters top layer, vertical current biological filter by single passage water distributor.Vertical current bacteria filter system is made up of wood fragments piece layer, paddy shell, straw layer and Arid Red Soil layer from the bottom up, meanwhile, and pedosphere plantation Canna generalis Bailey, iris, fishscale bamboo waterplant.Biological material (straw in engineering unit is processed in vertical current biological filter, rice hulls, wood fragments, wood shavings) there is good voidage and water permeable ability, wood fragments pieces (big or small 0.5-10 cm) simultaneously, rice hulls, these biological materials of straw provide enabling environment for microbial growth, the effectively degradation of contaminant of microorganism that biological material surface is abundant, purify water, pedosphere and Canna generalis Bailey, iris, fishscale bamboo plant can be adsorbed respectively and absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal etc., four different material layers are set in vertical current biological filter simultaneously and can have greatly reduced floor space.With the wood fragments piece layer that wood fragments piece (big or small 0.5-10 cm) is filled, horizontal perforated pipe being set in bottom, vertical current biological filter catchments, the ruckle parcel anti-clogging plug of 10 ~ 30 mm particle diameters for this header, be connected with oblique top aqueduct, vertical current biological filter is discharged water to enter first step surface current artificial wetland by this outlet system simultaneously.
3, artificial swamp and stabilization pond processing: this grade of artificial swamp is surface stream, and Wetland Substrate is soil, and wetland plant is selected mullet grass and the green watermifoil of powder.Wetland water-in is first planted emergent mullet grass, the green watermifoil of mullet grass rear kind planting submerged plant powder.Mullet grass and the green watermifoil of powder have the features such as anti-pollution, biomass is large, vegetative period is long.First step artificial swamp can tolerate 400 mg/L left and right ammonia and nitrogen pollutions, the surface stream of the 5-30 cm depth of water and mullet grass and watermifoil plant rhizosphere are secreted the aerobic environment that oxygen forms, further promote that organic pollutant decomposes and the Nitrification, meanwhile, quick growth of plant can a large amount of absorbed nitrogen phosphorus etc. nutritive element.First step artificial wetland effluent enters second stage surface current artificial wetland through overflow weir.Overflow weir can increase dissolved oxygen content in water body, guarantees that COD in water body, nitrogen, phosphorus are better removed at second stage artificial swamp.The water body of discharging from first step artificial swamp is containing nitrogen and the phosphorus nutrient of appropriate concentration (<20 mg/L ammonia nitrogen and < 2 mg/L phosphoric acid salt), for aquatic economic vegetable growing in the artificial swamp of the second stage provides nutrient.In the surface current artificial wetland of the second stage, can plant that applicable local environment, biomass are large, the aquatic vegetable of convenient management, as planted swamp cabbage, Chinese celery, wild rice stem, green water cress and water chestnut at south China.After the further deep purifying of water body nitrogen and phosphorus pollution being processed through second stage artificial swamp, then enter stabilization pond.In stabilization pond, first half section arranges the more shallow 0.4-0.7 of the being about m of water, the dark nearly 0.9-1.1 m of second half section water, and front and back end is planting aquatic plants calamus and water lily respectively, and after stabilization pond is processed, water outlet reaches safety dumping water quality requirement.
4, ecology landscape configuration: rural area of the present invention decentralized type sewage concentrate and treatment process in considered to promote the beautification of landscape design of Ecological Environment, accomplish that treatment zone earth's surface can't see sewage, can't smell peculiar smell, realize the effect that Rural Human Settlements beautifies.
First, country sewage is all collected with pvc pipe net, and ground surface environment be can't see sewage.Secondly, ecologic assemblage is processed engineering system each processing unit and has been done the processing such as corresponding leakproof, deodorizing, beautification of landscape, as: grid pond and the sealing of equalizing tank surrounding, surface coverage, can't see sewage and can't smell stink; The 3rd is upper strata, horizontal flow biological filter plantation watermifoil, covers sewage deodorizing simultaneously; The 4th is at vertical current biological filter upper layer of soil layer plantation Canna generalis Bailey collocation iris and fishscale bamboo; The 5th is first step surface current artificial wetland, has planted the mullet grass, the green watermifoil in blocks that grow and bloom vegetative period, plants water spinach, hay melon, water chestnut in second stage surface current artificial wetland spring, summer, autumn, winter planting's green water cress, Chinese celery; The 6th is stabilization pond periphery plantation calamus, plants water lily in the pool.Above-mentioned these plant collocation plantations, have beautified local environment, have improved human settlement.
An ecologic assemblage treatment unit for rural area decentralized type sewage, this device comprises: rural area decentralized type sewage collects the perforation header (ruckle parcel) and 45 that pipe network, grid pond, equalizing tank, three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distribution are held concurrently water sampling pipe, horizontal flow biological filter, filter screen and water distributor, vertical current biological filter, straw, rice hulls, wood fragments piece and wood shavings, horizontal positioned
oc obliquely water shoot, first step surface current artificial wetland, high-biomass waterplant mullet grass and the green watermifoil of powder, overflow weir, second stage surface current artificial wetland, aquatic cash crop (swamp cabbage, Chinese celery, wild rice stem, green water cress and water chestnut), "-" shape direct drainage pipe, stabilization pond, calamus, water lily, "
∟" shape relief sewer.It is characterized in that: distributing villager life and aquaculture wastewater are concentrated and are connected with equalizing tank with grid pond respectively with water inlet manifold road by pipe network, equalizing tank is connected with horizontal flow biological filter through the three way type water distribution water sampling pipe of holding concurrently, filter tank is filled with straw and upper strata cultivation watermifoil, forms straw-watermifoil bacteria filter system.Horizontal flow biological filter after filtration screen cloth-water distributor is connected with vertical current biological filter,
This vertical current bacteria filter system is made up of wood fragments piece layer, paddy shell, straw layer and Arid Red Soil layer from the bottom up, wherein, and pedosphere plantation Canna generalis Bailey, iris, fishscale bamboo waterplant.Vertical current biological filter is through the perforation header and 45 of horizontal positioned
othe up hydraulic pipe of C is connected with first step surface current artificial wetland, and wetland water-in is first planted emergent mullet grass, the green watermifoil of mullet grass rear kind planting submerged plant powder.First step surface current artificial wetland is connected with second stage surface current artificial wetland through overflow weir, and main plantation aquatic vegetable in this grade of wetland, as being applicable to swamp cabbage, Chinese celery, wild rice stem, green water cress and the water chestnut of south China plantation.Second stage surface current artificial wetland's warp-shape direct drainage pipe is connected with stabilization pond, and stabilization pond is divided into rear and front end, according to the waterplant calamus of plantation and the difference of water lily, different water depth is set.Stabilization pond end, is equipped with
∟shape overflow main discharge pipe.
Grid pond and the equalizing tank degree of depth are respectively 0.5 m and 1.0 m.Equalizing tank can dark 0.4 ~ 1.0 m of retaining, three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distribution is held concurrently on water sampling pipe and switch is housed for the regulating and controlling pond depth of water, in the time that biological filter in technical process and artificial swamp will manage, in equalizing tank, temporarily deposit, do not enter horizontal flow biological filter by closing switch by sewage, sewage carries out preliminary anaerobic degradation at equalizing tank.One of the water sampling pipe outlet of holding concurrently of three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distribution connects horizontal flow biological filter, and dark 0.7 m in horizontal flow biological filter, can control the depth of water 0.6 m.The sewage that pollution alleviates enters the straw layer (pedosphere below) of vertical current biological filter through filter screen and water distributor, dark 1.5 m in vertical current biological filter, fill successively 0.3 m red soil, 0.3 m straw layer, 0.4 m rice husk layer and 0.4 m wood fragments piece layer, can control the depth of water 1.1 m left and right, deployment tube and header all adopt UPVC pipe, water distributor is directly connected to pedosphere below straw layer, header is the surrounding perforate straight tube (surrounding parcel gravel is stacked and stopped up) of horizontal positioned, be placed in wood fragments piece layer, what be connected with header is aqueduct, aqueduct becomes oblique upper 45
oc lays, and aqueduct is upward to the rear craspedodrome water shoot that connects in straw layer middle part, and water shoot will be disposed of sewage and directly be entered artificial swamp.First step surface current artificial wetland is come by rice field and bottom land reconstruction, wholely,, dig behind 0.1 m left and right, under the soil that the digs periphery of banking up, widen Wetland boundary and prevent seepage, respectively leading portion and back segment plantation mullet grass and watermifoil, two kind of plant plantation Area Ratios are 1:3 left and right, and the front and back plant section depth of water all can be controlled 0.3 m left and right.First step artificial swamp leading portion plantation plantation emergent mullet grass is to remove suspended substance and silt, back segment plantation watermifoil (absorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, the sewage of flowing through is carried out to oxygen enrichment simultaneously), wetland processing water outlet enters second stage horizontal flow artificial wetland along overflow weir gravity flow and carries out advanced treatment.Second stage surface current artificial wetland also by the reconstruction of rice field and bottom land come whole ground, under dig 0.1 m left and right (digging the degree of depth under field is the poor decision of high level of itself and first step artificial swamp by landform), guarantee to keep natural-drop more than 0.1 m with first step artificial swamp, the depth of water can be controlled in 0.3 m left and right, the concrete depth of water determines according to the aquatic vegetable of plantation, when plantation Chinese celery, green water cress, swamp cabbage, the depth of water is at 0.1 ~ 0.2 m, and when plantation hay melon, the depth of water can reach 0.3 m left and right.Stabilization pond digs down respectively 0.5 m and 1 m by front and rear sections, and front and back section Area Ratio is 1:1, and lower shoveling earth is stacked surrounding, widens pool base, anti-sealing seepage outward, and emergent calamus is planted respectively in stabilization pond leading portion periphery and centre, back segment plantation submerged plant water lily.
In addition, the long-width ratio of grid pond, equalizing tank, horizontal flow biological filter and vertical current biological filter is all about 1.5-2:1, and grid pond and equalizing tank area are pressed 1:10 design; Equalizing tank, horizontal flow biological filter and vertical current biological filter Area Ratio are 2.5:2.5:1; The first step and second stage surface current artificial wetland's long-width ratio are about 3:1, Area Ratio 1:1.5; Stabilization pond long-width ratio is 3:1, presses 1:1 design with second stage surface current artificial wetland's Area Ratio.Country sewage total amount and lineament that concrete size is processed as required slightly adjust.
the present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
Correlation theory and the technology of the design reference hydro project of the inventive method technical process, ecological engineering, sewage treatment project, and in conjunction with factors such as sewage generation, distribution situation and development programs in the regional extent of Serving for Rural, the changeable feature of country sewage complicated component be can adapt to, rural area distributing life and aquaculture wastewater high-efficient purification realized.
1. processing efficiency is high: the inventive method enters equalizing tank after large foreign material in interception in sewage, utilizes the preliminary degradation process such as physics sedimentation, microbial process to remove certain suspended substance and COD etc.; Horizontal flow biological filter, vertical current biological filter and first step artificial swamp, as intensive treatment unit, are removed most COD, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution; Second stage artificial swamp and stabilization pond, as advanced treatment unit, are realized water outlet qualified discharge.This treatment process has avoided single processing type can only process the sewage disposal pattern of the pollution substance of some pollution substance or certain concentration range, and water outlet is clean, stable.Process water outlet transparent, limpid, free from extraneous odour, Pollutant Treatment efficiency entirety in water body is remained on more than 80%, be that COD in draining, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are respectively lower than 60mg/L, 1 mg/L, 20mg/L and 8mg/L, effluent quality index reaches " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB 18918-2002) one-level B standard, and nitrogen phosphorus in country sewage is reached to advanced treatment removal effect.
2. " zero power " operation: in conjunction with local natural background condition (land area, landform, meteorology, hydrologic factor etc.), choosing has field, depression or the pool of nature difference of elevation, and the treatment process system of structure reaches " zero power " operating requirement.
3. Construction and operation expense is low, management is simple: according to the feature of different processing units in technical process, use and process material and mostly be material that rural area easily obtains as straw, rice hulls, wood fragments bits, red soil etc., construction cost is low.The management of whole technical process is mainly the periodic cleaning that regulates settling tank silting, plant periodical reaping, the deinsectization etc. of artificial swamp, and management is simple.To build the treatment process system of the present invention of daily handling ability 30 t/d, need to utilize the about 1500m of land area
2, approximately 50,000 yuan of left and right of front-end investment expense.After engineering operation starts, expenditure on power is 0 yuan/year, and labour cost and Renovation expense mainly comprise needs routine maintenance personnel to be responsible for silt displacement, management etc. is reseeded, gathered in to plant, 300 yuan/month of monthly salary), 1 year operation total cost of whole combination process is little.
4. good ecotope effect, social effect: rural sewage treatment system of the present invention can accomplish to allow processing rural areas earth's surface lose sewage, and after rural sewage treatment, qualified discharge enters downstream river course, can effectively control widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area; Simultaneously the processing unit such as horizontal flow biological filter, vertical biological filter, artificial swamp, the stabilization pond planting aquatic plants of all arranging in pairs or groups, has good ornamental value; In addition, process in the situation that up to standard at breeding wastewater, artificial swamp, stabilization pond can be planted harmless aquatic vegetable, create economic benefit, are convenient to this invention technology and apply in rural area.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of combined biological treatment process purification process schematic diagram of country sewage.
Fig. 2 is the ecologic assemblage treatment unit schematic diagram of a kind of rural area decentralized type sewage.
Wherein: 1. water inlet manifold road, 2. grid pond, 3. equalizing tank, 4. the three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distribution water sampling pipe of holding concurrently, 5. horizontal flow biological filter, 6. straw, the 7. green watermifoil of powder, 8. filter screen-water distributor (the screen filtration anti-clogging plug of water distributor leading portion), 9. vertical current biological filter, 10. red soil, 11. rice hulls, 12. wood fragments pieces, the perforation header and 45 of 13. horizontal positioned
othe up hydraulic pipe of C, 14. first step horizontal flow artificial wetlands, 15. mullet grass, 16. discharge channels, 17. overflow weirs, 18. second stage horizontal flow artificial wetlands, 19. economic aquatic plants (Chinese celery, water spinach, green water cress, hay melon etc.), 20. "-" shape direct drainage pipe, 21. stabilization ponds, 22. waterplant (calamus, water lily etc.), 23. "
∟" shape overflow main discharge pipe, 24a. the first straw layer, 25. red soil layers, 24b. the second straw layer, 26. paddy shells, 27. wood fragments piece layers, 28a. the first farmland soil layer, 28b. the second farmland soil layer, 29. stabilization pond bed muds.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1(is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2):
In Ge Jia mountain village, Kai Hui town, Changsha County, life of farmers and the aquaculture wastewater of choosing this village's one villager's group are handling object, this section have 13 families other, resident population 48 people, approximately 1000 left and right of the major part number of pig-breeding, each pig farmer has the operation methane-generating pit of several years, but methane-generating pit operating performance is unstable, aquaculture wastewater is almost direct outer row, and the draining of part irrigation canals and ditches is all Heisui River throughout the year.This region is typical southern hills landform, and Land-Use is followed successively by forest land, civil construction land used, farmland from high in the end with physical features, and peasant house and pig fence truncation are in the higher area, hillside-foot of the hill of physical features.Country sewage built-up type of the present invention is processed to engineering and be based upon near the farmland that physical features is low, practicable like this pipe network is concentrated life in the countryside and aquaculture wastewater methane-generating pit to process water outlet gravity flow and is carried (not needing to provide power).Set up rural area decentralized type sewage ecological demonstration project processing by the present invention: design engineering is accepted total nitrogen and is about 8000 g/d, and total phosphorus is about 600 g/d, waterpower total load approximately 25 m
3/ d, effluent quality is carried out " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918--2002) one-level B standard).An ecologic assemblage treatment process for rural area decentralized type sewage, the steps include:
1, research section, rural area sewage collecting and pre-treatment:
Select the pipeline (the 5th of water supply and drainage design manual) of suitable dimension to connect the sewage outlet of every family according to study area quantity of wastewater effluent, material is selected to carry out according to relevant criterion, the selection of pipe pvc pipe (carrying out by GB/T13663 regulation).Study area sewage focuses on a total collection pipe (pipe diameter 250 mm) by pipe network and is admitted to the grid pond (dark 0.6 m of long wide 1 m* of 2 m*, area 2 m that process engineering
2).Grid pond is carried out just precipitation and is removed macrobead foreign material and grid and hold back and remove large suspended substance or floating matter entering sewage.The grid pond equalizing tank of ining succession, from the overflow water outlet of grid pond, particulate form suspended substance and silt are at equalizing tank (dark 0.8 m of long wide 4 m* of 6 m*, area 24 m
2) physical sedimentation further occurs hold back, equalizing tank can dark 0.7 m of retaining, and if any Special Circumstances, the external water yield is excessive, the horizontal flow biological filter and the vertical current biological filter water handling capacity that exceed below, unnecessary water will enter first step surface current artificial wetland by upflow tube.
2, process biological filter: the three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distribution that adopts 6 roads to settle is side by side held concurrently, and (this water pipe is set to three-way cock to water sampling pipe, water outlet of three-way cock can directly gather equalizing tank water outlet water sample) equalizing tank is gone out to water-dispersion input level stream biological filter (dark 0.6 m of long wide 3.5 m* of 7 m*, area 24.5 m
2).Horizontal flow biological filter is established two-layer, and lower floor fills out and puts the dark straw layer of 40 cm, the green watermifoil of mulching plant powder above straw.The green watermifoil system of straw-powder exists 3 to contain oxygen characteristic layer: bottom straw is anaerobic layer, and middle layer watermifoil secretes the approach such as oxygen and forms layer of oxygen deficient by growth metabolism, rhizosphere, and upper strata is mainly that watermifoil plant grows at water surface, is rendered as aerobic layer.In horizontal flow biological filter, show a large amount of anaerobism-amphimicrobes of adhering to and the aerobic microbiological metabolism of watermifoil plant rhizosphere surface by straw, can remove nitrogen, the COD of high loading, and fixing phosphorus, heavy metal etc.Watermifoil growth simultaneously can absorb nutrient, the more important thing is and can remove stink in sewage.Disposing of sewage from horizontal flow biological filter, placement filter screen cloth and water distributor enter respectively 3 vertical current bacteria filter systems independently side by side side by side by 3 roads.3 filter tank consistent size (dark 1.5 m of long wide 2.5 m* of 4 m*, area 10 m independently side by side
2) all fill successively from the bottom up 0.4 m wood fragments piece layer, 0.4 m rice husk layer, 0.3 m straw layer, 0.3 m red soil layer, meanwhile, pedosphere plantation Canna generalis Bailey.The water outlet of horizontal flow biological filter is by perforation horizontal positioned header (ruckle parcel) and 45
oc obliquely water shoot directly accesses the straw layer of pedosphere below.The water exhaust system of vertical current biological filter arranges as follows: be 15 cm headers at wood fragments piece layer horizontal positioned surrounding brill aperture, diameter, prevent from stopping up at this perforate straight tube surrounding parcel 10-30 mm particle diameter ruckle, what be connected with header is aqueduct, and aqueduct becomes oblique upper 45
oc lays, aqueduct is communicated with the water shoot that a level is kept straight on after in the middle part of straw layer again, water shoot will be disposed of sewage and directly be entered first step surface current artificial wetland, and the water outlet height setting of water shoot is positioned at the position of the depth of water 1.1 m that control vertical biological reaction tank.The microorganism that is attached to biological material surface at this processing unit mainly carries out biological denitrificaion and solid phosphorus effect, the adsorbable phosphorus of pedosphere and heavy metal etc.
3, artificial swamp and stabilization pond processing:
Enter first step surface current artificial wetland from the water outlet of vertical current biological filter, this artificial swamp is reconstructed by rice terrace, rice terrace has good plough sole, can prevent the vertical seepage of dirty water pollutant, this grade of artificial swamp divides two sections, leading portion for plantation emergent mullet grass (shaping plant strain is up to 1 m left and right) district (long 6 m* wide 10 m), can the water outlet of buffering vertical biological reaction tank, absorbs removal part N, P, COD by plant; (m), watermifoil biomass is large, growth cycle is long for long 20 m* wide 10, can effectively absorb and remove higher N, P, COD in sewage for plantation Lv Huzao district for back segment.The front and back section depth of water can be controlled 0.3 m as required the most deeply.First step surface current artificial wetland processes rear water outlet and certainly flow to second stage surface current artificial wetland by overflow weir.
Second stage surface current artificial wetland (long 30 m* wide 10 m) also by rice field reconstruction come whole ground, under dig 0.1 m left and right (digging the degree of depth under field is the poor decision of high level of itself and first step artificial swamp by landform), guarantee to keep natural-drop more than 0.1 m with first step artificial swamp, the depth of water can be controlled 0.2 ~ 0.3 m left and right, the concrete depth of water determines according to the aquatic vegetable of plantation, when plantation Chinese celery, green water cress, swamp cabbage, the depth of water is at 0.1-0.2 m, and when plantation hay melon, the depth of water can reach 0.3 m left and right.Surface, second stage stream wetland effluent enters stabilization pond by "-" shape direct drainage pipe.The length and width of stabilization pond are about 30 m*10 m, dig down respectively 0.5 m and 0.9 m by front and rear sections, and front and back section Area Ratio is 1:1, lower shoveling earth is stacked surrounding, widens pool base, and anti-sealing side is oozed, emergent calamus is planted respectively in stabilization pond leading portion periphery and centre, back segment plantation submerged plant water lily.The water outlet that stabilization pond reaches emission standard after processing by "
∟" shape relief sewer overflows and enter farmland, side.
4, ecology landscape configures: rural area of the present invention decentralized type sewage considers that improvement beautifies Ecological Environment, has increased part landscape design in concentrating and implementing with treatment process.
First, the life of rural area distributing and cultivation draining are all collected with pvc pipe, guarantee that country sewage is not by the outdoor discharge of earth's surface irrigation canals and ditches, therefore, addle is can't see on earth's surface.Simultaneously, ecologic assemblage is processed engineering system each processing unit suitable leakproof, deodorizing, beautification of landscape processing: specifically grid pond and equalizing tank surrounding and sealed bottom, above also sealing except reserved sludge discharging port, sludge discharging port covers with steel plate at ordinary times, prevents that stink from overflowing; Upper strata, horizontal flow biological filter plantation watermifoil, the watermifoil density growing up to is large, as a slice green carpet; Plant tall and big Canna generalis Bailey arrange in pairs or groups medium fishscale bamboo, short iris at vertical current biological filter pedosphere, form high, medium and low level stereoscopic landscape; First step surface current artificial wetland, plant respectively vegetative period long, open pale reddish brown emergent mullet grass and green in flakes like the watermifoil of blanket; Plant water spinach, hay melon in second stage surface current artificial wetland summer, autumn, spring, winter planting's green water cress, Chinese celery; The periphery plantation calamus of stabilization pond, in the pool, plant water lily.Above-mentioned these plant collocation plantations, have beautified local environment, have improved human settlement.
For realizing an ecologic assemblage treatment unit for a kind of rural area decentralized type sewage, it comprises: the perforation header and 45 that water inlet manifold road 1, grid pond 2, equalizing tank 3, three way type water distribution are held concurrently water sampling pipe 4, horizontal flow biological filter 5, straw 6, the green watermifoil 7 of powder, filter screen-water distributor 8, vertical current biological filter 9, red soil 10, rice hulls 11, wood fragments piece 12, horizontal positioned
othe up hydraulic pipe 13 of C, artificial swamp 14 mullet grass 15, discharge channel 16, overflow weir 17, second stage horizontal flow artificial wetland 18, economic aquatic plant 19(Chinese celery, water spinach, green water cress, hay melon etc.) ,-shape direct drainage pipe 20, stabilization pond 21, waterplant 22(calamus, water lily etc.),
∟shape overflow main discharge pipe 23, the first straw layer 24A, red soil layer 25, the second straw layer 24B, paddy shell 26, wood fragments piece layer 27, the first farmland soil layer 28A, the second farmland soil layer 28B, stabilization pond bed mud 29.
Its annexation is: distributing villager life and aquaculture wastewater are concentrated and are connected with equalizing tank 3 with grid pond 2 respectively with water inlet manifold road 1 by pipe network, equalizing tank 3 is connected with horizontal flow biological filter 5 through the three way type water distribution water sampling pipe 4 of holding concurrently, horizontal flow biological filter 5 after filtration screen cloth-water distributor 8 is connected with vertical current biological filter 9, and vertical current biological filter 9 is through the perforation header and 45 of horizontal positioned
othe up hydraulic pipe 13 of C is connected with first step surface current artificial wetland 14, first step surface current artificial wetland 14 is connected with second stage surface current artificial wetland 18 through overflow weir 17, second stage surface current artificial wetland 18 is connected with stabilization pond 21 through "-" shape direct drainage pipe 20, be equipped with at stabilization pond 21 ends "
∟" shape overflow main discharge pipe 23; equalizing tank 3 sewage enter horizontal flow biological filter 5 through the six road placed horizontallys three way type water distribution side by side water sampling pipe 4 of holding concurrently; enter vertical current biological filter 9 by filter screen-water distributor 8 again, by the perforation header and 45 of horizontal positioned
othe up hydraulic pipe 13 vertical current biological filter water outlets of C enter first step surface current artificial wetland 14, dispose of sewage and enter second stage surface current artificial wetland 18 through overflow weir 17 again, pollution is removed rear water outlet and is entered stabilization pond 21 through "-" shape direct drainage pipe 20, last, water outlet process "
∟" shape overflow main discharge pipe 23 discharges the farmland that enters periphery.The detailed combination of said apparatus is: water inlet manifold 1 is the concentrated total pipeline that enters of life in the countryside and aquaculture wastewater; Grid pond 2 and equalizing tank 3 carry out elementary precipitation, filtration to life in the countryside and the aquaculture wastewater collected; Horizontal flow biological filter 5, vertical current biological filter 9, first step surface current artificial wetland 14, second stage surface current artificial wetland 18, stabilization pond 21 are sewage purification functional units; In horizontal flow biological filter 5, lower floor places on straw, straw and plants green watermifoil, and vertical current biological filter 9 is filled out successively from the bottom up and put 0.4 m wood fragments piece layer, 0.4 m rice husk layer, 0.3 m straw layer, 0.3 m red soil layer, meanwhile, and pedosphere plantation Canna generalis Bailey; First step surface current artificial wetland's 14 leading portion plantation mullet grass, back segment are planted green watermifoil, according to seasonal variation, plant water spinach, hay melon in summer, autumn, spring, winter planting's green water cress, Chinese celery in second stage surface current artificial wetland 18; The periphery plantation calamus of stabilization pond, in the pool, plant water lily.The perforation header and 45 that each purification function unit is held concurrently water sampling pipe 4, filtration sieve plate-hydraulic pipe 8, horizontal positioned by different connecting modes as three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distribution
othe up hydraulic pipe 13 of C, overflow weir 17, "-" shape direct drainage pipe are communicated with.The three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distribution water sampling pipe 4 of holding concurrently arranges three links: link of trade，travel and post pattern, a passage is equalizing tank 3 water input level stream biological filters 5, another outlet is used for gathering equalizing tank water sample, meanwhile, reach equalizing tank water is linked into horizontal flow biological filter 5 more uniformly by 6 three links: link of trade，travel and post formula water distributions water sampling pipe 4 of holding concurrently is set; Filter sieve plate-hydraulic pipe 8 front ends and connect horizontal flow biological filters 5, rear end is placed in below the red soil layer of vertical current biological filter 9, and water is directly inputted to below pedosphere; The perforation header and 45 of horizontal positioned
oup hydraulic pipe 13 front ends of C are collected and are filtered the rear sewage of denitrification pond processing by a punching " transverse tube ", by 45 ° of inclined tubes, water are drawn and are entered surface current artificial wetland 14; The overflow weir 17 of long 10 m, wide 0.4 m is inputted second stage surface current artificial wetland 18 equably for first step surface current artificial wetland 14 is processed to rear sewage; Finally, through 1 "-" shape direct drainage pipe 20 second stage surface current artificial wetland 18 water outlets accesses stabilization ponds 21, finally by 1 with "
∟" shape overflow main discharge pipe 23 discharges the farmland that enters periphery.
5. operating performance:
Designed according to the inventive method by the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, take " 13 " national science and technology supporting plan project as supporting, build " life in the countryside and aquaculture wastewater Ecological Disposal experiment and demonstration engineering " end of the year 2012 and be positioned at Ge Jia mountain village, Kai Hui town, normally come into operation in March, 2013.This demonstration project is processed sanitary sewage and the distributing aquaculture wastewater of rural area, Ge Jia mountain one section peasant household.Move during 1 year, influent quality COD, total nitrogen, the each index monthly average of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration is respectively 362 mg/L, 197 mg/L, 133 mg/L and 20.15 mg/L, horizontal flow biological filter is to COD, total phosphorus, the clearance of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is 50% ~ 60%, through vertical current biological filter and surface current artificial wetland's further advanced treatment, final stabilization pond water outlet COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus mean concns are respectively 43 mg/L, 5.58 mg/L, 1.37 mg/L and 0.59 mg/L, the average removal rate of each index reaches 88%, 97%, 98% and 97%, wastewater treatment efficiency stably reaching standard.Whole engineering possesses " zero power " and " clean and safe " feature, and operational management is simple and convenient.The advantages such as that the present invention has is strong to country sewage detergent power, stable, reduced investment, convenient management, be applicable to rural area distributing life and cultivation blowdown feature, can be used as a kind of environmental friendliness pattern of the innoxious and resource utilization of rural pollution and applied, improve Ecological Environment.
6. working cost
(1) expenditure on power is 0 yuan/year; (2) labour cost and Renovation expense: approximately 0.36 ten thousand yuan/year of labour cost (need 1 of routine maintenance personnel, management etc. is reseeded, gathered in to responsible silt displacement, plant, 300 yuan/month of monthly salary), 1 year operation total cost of whole combination process is 0.5 ten thousand yuan of left and right.
Claims (7)
1. an ecologic assemblage treatment process for rural area decentralized type sewage, the steps include:
A, country sewage is collected and pre-treatment: rural area distributing is lived and aquaculture wastewater collection with pvc pipe, set up country sewage and collect pipe network, by aggregation waterpipe, sewage is concentrated and is incorporated into grid pond again, grid pond is for filtering, hold back and be greater than 2 centimetres of suspended substances or floating matter, sewage is carried out to just precipitation simultaneously, in southern hills district, the life or the aquaculture wastewater that are distributed in the peasant household population center on Huo Shan limit, the foot of the hill are imported the grid pond that is built in lower by flow by gravity by pipelines at different levels, the water outlet of grid pond enters equalizing tank, solid particulate in the further sedimentation sewage of equalizing tank, partial organic substances in microbiological anaerobic degradation of sewage, enter horizontal flow biological filter through parallel pipeline,
Process B, biological filter: equalizing tank water outlet enters horizontal flow biological filter, straw, upper strata cultivation watermifoil are inserted in horizontal flow biological filter, composition straw-watermifoil bacteria filter system, horizontal flow biological filter shows a large amount of anaerobism-amphimicrobes and the effect of watermifoil plant rhizosphere aerobic degradation of adhering to by straw, and watermifoil self growth absorbs nutrient, remove high loading nitrogen phosphorus, COD and heavy metal in sewage, cover, absorb and remove stink in sewage;
The water outlet of horizontal flow biological filter enters top layer, vertical current biological filter by single passage water distributor, and vertical current bacteria filter system is from the bottom up by wood fragments piece layer, paddy shell, straw layer and Arid Red Soil layer form, meanwhile, and pedosphere plantation Canna generalis Bailey, iris, fishscale bamboo waterplant, biological material in engineering unit is processed in vertical current biological filter: straw, rice hulls, wood fragments piece, wood shavings, simultaneously wood fragments piece: big or small 0.5-10 cm, rice hulls, these biological materials of straw provide enabling environment for microbial growth, the effectively degradation of contaminant of microorganism that biological material surface is abundant, purify water, pedosphere and Canna generalis Bailey, iris, fishscale bamboo plant is adsorbed respectively and absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metal, four different material layers are set in vertical current biological filter simultaneously and have reduced floor space, bottom vertical current biological filter, use wood fragments piece: the wood fragments piece layer that big or small 0.5-10 cm fills arranges horizontal perforated pipe and catchments, the ruckle parcel anti-clogging plug of 10 ~ 30 mm particle diameters for this header, be connected with oblique top aqueduct, vertical current biological filter is discharged water to enter first step surface current artificial wetland by this outlet system simultaneously,
C, artificial swamp and stabilization pond processing: this grade of artificial swamp is surface stream, Wetland Substrate is soil, wetland plant is selected mullet grass and the green watermifoil of powder, wetland water-in is first planted emergent mullet grass, the green watermifoil of mullet grass rear kind planting submerged plant powder, first step artificial swamp ability 400 mg/L ammonia and nitrogen pollutions, the surface stream of the 5-30 cm depth of water and mullet grass and watermifoil plant rhizosphere are secreted the aerobic environment that oxygen forms, further promote that organic pollutant decomposes and the Nitrification, simultaneously, the a large amount of absorbed nitrogen phosphorus nutrition of plant-growth element, first step artificial wetland effluent enters second stage surface current artificial wetland through overflow weir, overflow weir increases dissolved oxygen content in water body, guarantee COD in water body, nitrogen, phosphorus obtains the degree of depth at second stage artificial swamp and removes, the water body of discharging from first step artificial swamp contains appropriate concentration: 20 mg/L ammonia nitrogens and the phosphatic nitrogen of 2 mg/L and phosphorus nutrient, for aquatic economic vegetable growing in the artificial swamp of the second stage provides nutrient, in the surface current artificial wetland of the second stage, plant aquatic vegetable, plantation swamp cabbage, Chinese celery, wild rice stem, green water cress and water chestnut, through second stage artificial swamp to water body nitrogen, after the further deep purifying that phosphorus pollutes is processed, enter again stabilization pond, it is 0.4-0.7 m that the interior first half section of stabilization pond arranges water, second half section water 0.9-1.1 m, front and back end is planting aquatic plants calamus and water lily respectively, after stabilization pond is further processed, water outlet reaches safety dumping water quality requirement,
The configuration of D, ecology landscape: rural area decentralized type sewage concentrate and treatment process in promote the beautification of landscape design of Ecological Environment, accomplish that treatment zone earth's surface can't see sewage, can't smell peculiar smell, realize Rural Human Settlements and beautify:
First, country sewage is all collected with pvc pipe net, and ground surface environment be can't see sewage; Secondly, ecologic assemblage is processed engineering system each processing unit and has been done leakproof, deodorizing, beautification of landscape processing, and grid pond and the sealing of equalizing tank surrounding, surface coverage, can't see sewage and can't smell stink; The 3rd is upper strata, horizontal flow biological filter plantation watermifoil, covers sewage deodorizing simultaneously; The 4th is at vertical current biological filter upper layer of soil layer plantation Canna generalis Bailey collocation iris and fishscale bamboo; The 5th is first step surface current artificial wetland, has planted long mullet grass of blooming in vegetative period, green watermifoil in blocks, plants water spinach, hay melon, water chestnut in second stage surface current artificial wetland spring, summer, autumn, winter planting's green water cress, Chinese celery; The 6th is stabilization pond periphery plantation calamus, plants water lily in the pool, and above-mentioned plant collocation plantation, has beautified local environment, has improved human settlement.
2. the ecologic assemblage treatment unit of a kind of rural area claimed in claim 1 decentralized type sewage, it comprises: the perforation header and 45 of water inlet manifold road (1), grid pond (2), equalizing tank (3), horizontal flow biological filter (5), filter screen-water distributor (8), vertical current biological filter (9), horizontal positioned
othe up hydraulic pipe of C (13), first step horizontal flow artificial wetland (14), overflow weir (17), second stage surface current artificial wetland (18), stabilization pond (21),
∟shape overflow main discharge pipe (23), it is characterized in that: distributing villager life is concentrated with water inlet manifold road (1) and is connected with equalizing tank (3) with grid pond (2) respectively by pipe network with aquaculture wastewater, equalizing tank (3) is connected with horizontal flow biological filter (5) through the three way type water distribution water sampling pipe (4) of holding concurrently, horizontal flow biological filter (5) after filtration screen cloth-water distributor (8) is connected with vertical current biological filter (9), and vertical current biological filter (9) are through the perforation header and 45 of horizontal positioned
othe up hydraulic pipe of C (13) is connected with first step surface current artificial wetland (14), first step surface current artificial wetland (14) is connected with second stage surface current artificial wetland (18) through overflow weir (17), second stage surface current artificial wetland (18) warp-shape direct drainage pipe (20) is connected with stabilization pond (21), is equipped with at stabilization pond (21) end
∟shape overflow main discharge pipe (23).
3. the ecologic assemblage treatment unit of a kind of rural area according to claim 2 decentralized type sewage, is characterized in that: in described horizontal flow biological filter (5), lower floor places on straw, straw and plants green watermifoil.
4. the ecologic assemblage treatment unit of a kind of rural area according to claim 2 decentralized type sewage, it is characterized in that: described vertical current biological filter (9) is filled out successively from the bottom up and put 0.4 m wood fragments piece layer, 0.4 m rice husk layer, 0.3 m straw layer, 0.3 m red soil layer pedosphere plantation Canna generalis Bailey.
5. the ecologic assemblage treatment unit of a kind of rural area according to claim 2 decentralized type sewage, is characterized in that: described first step surface current artificial wetland (14) leading portion plantation mullet grass, back segment are planted green watermifoil.
6. the ecologic assemblage treatment unit of a kind of rural area according to claim 2 decentralized type sewage, is characterized in that: in described second stage surface current artificial wetland (18), plant water spinach, hay melon in summer, autumn, spring, winter planting's green water cress, Chinese celery.
7. the ecologic assemblage treatment unit of a kind of rural area according to claim 2 decentralized type sewage, is characterized in that: the periphery plantation calamus of described stabilization pond (21), in the pool, plant water lily.
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| CN111333184A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-26 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Biological ecological sewage treatment system capable of switching driving energy sources |
| CN111333184B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Biological ecological sewage treatment system capable of switching driving energy sources |
| CN111777278A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-16 | 中交 (天津) 生态环保设计研究院有限公司 | Deep purification pond chain treatment process for dredging tail water |
| CN112592000A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-02 | 河南永泽环境科技有限公司 | Rainwater park circulation reuse water processing system |
| CN113880250A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-01-04 | 河海大学 | Combined purification system for efficiently treating rural domestic sewage |
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