CN116119859A - Ecological Filtration Method for Rain and Sewage Overflow Outlet Treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological filtering method for treating rain and sewage overflow outlets. It includes the following steps: water quality regulation; water quality purification, intercepting larger colloidal particles in sewage through the cultivation substrate, absorbing and transforming nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in sewage through plant roots, and absorbing organic pollutants in sewage through hollow fiber balls and columnar porous activated carbon , convert organic matter through microorganisms inside and outside the microbial membrane; water quality filtration, extend the biochemical treatment time through the second biological contact oxidation tank, and enrich the active microorganisms through the deep interception and adsorption of extremely fine suspended particles and colloids through the combined multi-media filter material , to increase the concentration of active microorganisms; water collection. The invention simulates the self-purification function of the natural ecological system, intercepts the rain and sewage at the overflow outlet on the spot and purifies the water quality step by step, reduces the pollution load of the water entering the river from the source, and has high pollution control efficiency, low impact degree, low energy consumption, and automatic balance The adjustment and operation are simple and convenient, and the construction cost is low.

Description

Ecological Filtration Method for Rain and Sewage Overflow Outlet Treatment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of water environment pollution treatment, in particular to an ecological filtering method for treatment of rain and sewage overflow outlets.

Background technique

Urban rainwater overflow outlets have a particularly prominent impact on the water pollution of surrounding rivers and lakes. The direct discharge of rainwater overflow is often the main cause of black and odorous river and lake water or eutrophication pollution.

Although many places have transformed most of the sewage outfalls into sewage interception pipes, the planning of the old urban area is backward and the drainage system is outdated, resulting in the mixed discharge of rain and sewage and the wrong connection still exists; Residential buildings are densely covered, and most of the sewage interception and rainwater diversion projects do not have site conditions, making it difficult to advance the work of sewage interception and management. Especially in the rainy season, the remaining rainwater that exceeds the flow rate of the sewage pipe and the capacity of the interception well enters the surrounding surface waters in the form of mixed discharge and overflow, and the higher concentration of pollutants including suspended solids (SS), organic matter, and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients When discharged into the water body, the enrichment of pollutants exceeds the self-purification capacity of the water body.

Pollution will be caused to the surrounding water body, especially the water area near the overflow outlet. In severe cases, the receiving water body will become black and smelly, becoming a black and smelly water body, and losing the ecological function of the water body.

With the continuous deepening of people's understanding of water environment pollution and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, the treatment of rainwater pollution at the overflow outlets of rivers and lakes is particularly important. However, there are currently no particularly effective countermeasures and treatment methods for the pollution control of overflow outlets entering rivers and lakes. Chinese invention patent "a pretreatment system for river rain and sewage overflow" (application publication number CN107986577A) solves the problem of suspended solids in the water quality of primary rainwater and mixed rain and sewage water, and initially reduces the SS of the overflow water body of rain and sewage overflow and turbidity indicators, while other important pollutants in the overflow water such as nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrient salts, COD, organic matter and other indicators cannot be effectively removed, and the rain pollution at the overflow outlet can still aggravate the eutrophication of river and lake water.

In addition, for the rainwater treatment of the overflow outlet of the combined system, some places adopt the method of building decentralized sewage treatment stations on the spot for purification treatment, and the water is discharged into the receiving water body after reaching the standard. The water quality index of the effluent treated by the method can reach GB18918-2002 "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants", which effectively reduces the pollution load entering the water body. However, the establishment of decentralized sewage treatment facilities has the following disadvantages: first, the disturbance to the surrounding environment of the water body is relatively large; second, it occupies more land; third, the energy consumption of power is relatively high; Fifth, the professional requirements for managers are also relatively high.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes an ecological filtration method for rain and sewage overflow treatment. Under the condition of low energy consumption, the rain and sewage at the overflow are intercepted ecologically on the spot and the water quality is purified step by step. Reducing the water pollution load entering rivers and lakes from the source has the advantages of high pollution control efficiency, low impact, low energy consumption, automatic balance adjustment, simple and convenient operation, low construction cost, low operating cost, and small footprint.

In order to achieve the above object, a kind of ecological filtering method that the present invention designs is used for rain and sewage overflow outlet control, and its special feature is, comprises the following steps:

Step 1, water quality adjustment, preliminary separation of the sewage flowing out of the rain and sewage overflow outlet, using gravity sedimentation to separate the sediment and suspended impurities with a large proportion, and collecting the separated sediment and suspended impurities;

Step 2, water purification, first intercept the large colloidal particles in the sewage through the plant cultivation substrate, then absorb and transform the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the sewage through the plant root system, and then absorb the organic pollutants in the sewage through the hollow fiber ball and columnar porous activated carbon, Finally, through biochemical treatment, the ammonia nitrogen in the sewage is converted into nitro nitrogen by using the aerobic layer microorganisms outside the microbial membrane, the easily decomposed small molecule organic matter in the sewage is converted into CO ₂ and H ₂ O, and the inorganic phosphorus in the sewage is converted into cells The adenosine triphosphate in the body uses the anaerobic layer microorganisms in the microbial membrane to convert nitro-nitrogen into N ₂ , and convert the difficult-to-decompose macromolecular organic matter in the sewage into easily degradable small-molecular organic matter;

Step 3, water quality filtration, first continue to carry out biochemical treatment of sewage, prolong the time of biochemical treatment, and then carry out multi-media filtration of sewage, on the one hand, deeply intercept and absorb extremely fine suspended particles and colloids, on the other hand, enrich active microorganisms, Increase the concentration of active microorganisms, and finally gather the filtered water;

Step 4: Collect clean water, collect the collected clean water, and finally flow into nearby rivers naturally.

Further, in step 1, the water quality adjustment is carried out in a regulating tank, which includes a first settling cell and a second settling cell arranged in series, and several settling cells are connected between the first settling cell and the second settling cell Connecting pipes arranged at intervals, the water inlet and outlet of the connecting pipes are wrapped with stainless steel wire mesh for intercepting flake or granular pollutants, and the bottom ends of the first settling grid and the second settling grid are provided with a first sewage discharge The upper part of the side wall of the second settling cell is communicated with the first water outlet pipes arranged at intervals.

Furthermore, in step 2, water purification is carried out in a purification pond, which includes a plant cultivation layer, an adsorption layer and a first biological contact oxidation pond arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and a There is a first porous partition; the top of the plant cultivation layer is paved with a porous cover, the hole of the porous cover is provided with a planting basket for planting wet green plants, and the inside of the planting basket is provided with a set for fixing wet Green plants and a cultivation substrate for retaining colloidal particles in sewage, the lower end of the planting basket is provided with a plant root layer for absorbing and transforming nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in sewage, and the first outlet pipe penetrates the plant root layer; the second A biological contact oxidation tank includes a number of first carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants hanging up and down, each of the first carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants is attached with a first film-shaped biopolymer for degrading organic pollutants in sewage, and the first film The shape biopolymer includes an aerobic layer outside the membrane, a facultative oxygen layer in the membrane, and an anaerobic layer in the membrane, and each end of the first carbon fiber artificial water plant is provided with a first hollow porous suspension ball, and the first The inside of the hollow porous suspension ball is filled with activated carbon particles for fixing the microbial film, the bottom end of the first biological contact oxidation tank is provided with an aeration device, and the bottom end of the first biological contact oxidation tank is also provided with a second sewage outlet, so The bottom end of the side wall of the first biological contact oxidation tank is connected with a water outlet hole.

Furthermore, in step 2, the wet-growing green plants inside the planting basket include canna, windmill bamboo, evergreen, monstera, iris, calamus, and water onion, and the cultivation substrate includes quartz sand with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm. and zeolite mixture, the plant root layer includes hard porous ceramsite in the upper layer and volcanic rock in the lower layer, and the particle diameters of the hard porous ceramsite and volcanic rock are both 8-12mm; the adsorption layer includes hollow fiber in the upper layer The ball and the columnar porous activated carbon in the lower layer, and the particle diameter of the hollow fiber ball is 3-5mm, and the particle diameter of the columnar porous activated carbon is 3-5mm; the water outlet holes are arranged at intervals along the side wall of the first biological contact oxidation tank.

Furthermore, in step three, the water quality filtration is carried out in a filter tank, which includes a second biological contact oxidation tank, a medium filter layer and a catchment channel cavity arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and between two adjacent layers A second porous partition is provided, a dynamic aeration chamber is provided at the top of the water collection channel cavity; a third sewage outlet is provided at the bottom of the second biological contact oxidation tank; the interior of the water collection channel cavity is filled with pebbles , the middle part of the side wall of the water collection channel is connected with a second outlet pipe; the inside of the power aeration chamber is provided with an aeration pump, and the aeration pump is connected to the aeration device, and the top of the power aeration chamber is provided with a Vents that communicate with the outside atmosphere.

Further, in step 3, the second biological contact oxidation tank includes a plurality of second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants hanging up and down, and each of the second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants is attached with a second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plant for degrading organic pollutants in sewage. Membrane biopolymer, the second membrane biopolymer includes an aerobic layer outside the membrane, a facultative oxygen layer in the membrane, and an anaerobic layer inside the membrane, each end of the second membrane biopolymer A second hollow porous suspension ball is provided, and the inside of the second hollow porous suspension ball is filled with activated carbon particles for fixing the microbial film, and an aeration device is provided at the bottom of the second biological contact oxidation tank; the medium filter layer includes The anthracite layer, manganese sand layer, activated carbon particle layer and quartz sand layer are filled sequentially from bottom to top, and a retaining net for retaining fine suspended particles or fine colloids is set between adjacent two layers.

Furthermore, in step 3, the anthracite layer includes anthracite with a particle size of 2-4 mm, the manganese sand layer includes manganese sand with a particle size of 1.5-3 mm, and the activated carbon particle layer includes activated carbon with a particle size of 1.2-2 mm, The quartz sand layer includes quartz sand with a particle size of 0.8-1.5 mm, and the retaining net is stainless steel wire or non-woven fabric with a mesh size of 0.8-1 mm; the second outlet pipe is arranged at intervals along the side wall of the water collection channel cavity.

Furthermore, the first sewage outlet, the second sewage outlet and the third sewage outlet all have an inverted cone-shaped structure.

Further, in step 4, the clear water is collected in the clear water pool, and the clear water pool includes a first grid and a second grid arranged in series, and several The siphon tubes arranged at intervals, the water inlet and the water outlet of the siphon tubes are all provided with stainless steel wire mesh for intercepting flake or granular pollutants, and the second grille is connected with a third water outlet pipe near the upper part of the external side wall.

Further, the hydraulic retention time of sewage in the process of water quality regulation is not less than 30 minutes, the hydraulic retention time of sewage in the process of water purification is not less than 60 minutes, the hydraulic retention time of sewage in the process of water quality filtration is not less than 30 minutes, and the clean water is The hydraulic retention time during the collection of clear water shall not be less than 15 minutes.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. Low impact and low energy consumption

The present invention fully adopts the design of high and low dislocation layers, in-situ treatment, relying on the water body's own gravity to flow naturally from high to low, reducing power lifting links and saving energy consumption;

2. The system is automatically balanced and adjusted, and the operation is simple and convenient

The micro-ecological balance system established by artificial cultivation in the present invention is based on biofilm filtration technology, which automatically completes the self-cleaning treatment of overflow outlet rain and sewage, and has a self-regulating function. During the operation of the system, no specific chemicals need to be added, and no special personnel are required to take care of it. Reduce the possibility of abnormal operation of the system due to human error, fewer failure points, and simple and convenient operation and maintenance;

3. Relying on multiple synergies of physics, chemistry and biology to purify pollution, with high pollution control efficiency

According to the water quality characteristics of good biochemical properties of rainwater at the overflow outlet, the invention organically combines the constructed wetland process with the biological contact oxidation method, relies on the interaction and synergistic effects, and through sedimentation separation, plant absorption transformation, retention adsorption, and metabolic degradation, etc. Together, the pollutants in the overflow sewage can be continuously purified, and the hydrodynamic force can be improved, the reoxygenation efficiency of the water body can be improved, the biological population structure of the water body can be optimized, the active microorganisms can be enriched, the ability of biotransformation and metabolic degradation can be further enhanced, and the self-purification and ecology of the water body can be enhanced. Repair ability, nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect is remarkable, the removal rate of pollution indicators such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids in water can reach more than 80%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater can reach more than 75%. High pollutant removal efficiency;

4. Low construction cost and low operating cost

The integrated combined device used to implement the present invention can realize factory prefabrication and on-site installation, greatly reduce on-site labor intensity and failure rate, and can be buried under the ground or placed on the ground, with simple operation and convenient maintenance , has a high cost performance; at the same time, the system makes full use of the nutrient sources of all levels naturally existing in the rainwater, without the need for additional drugs, and makes full use of the sludge backflow to reduce the amount of sludge, avoid packing blockage, reduce the frequency of packing replacement, and The main component of the generated sludge is microbial activated sludge, which is non-toxic and harmless, and can be landfilled nearby or used for coastal greening, saving operation and maintenance costs and reducing periodic investment;

5. Safety and environmental protection

The devices used to implement the present invention are all constructed of environmentally friendly materials, and the raw materials are natural. Green plants, microbial activated sludge, protozoa and natural filler substrates are fully utilized to jointly construct a biofilm reactor system with the function of efficiently degrading pollutants. There is no Inflammable and explosive risk, no chemical agents are added, no special manual cleaning is required, and no secondary pollution such as odor and noise will be generated during daily operation;

6. The ecological landscape effect is obvious and complements the natural environment

The invention integrates the concept of ecological landscape design, adopts the combination and matching of wet green plants to create a green natural landscape of water body, has high ecological benefits, and has a certain landscape greening effect and ornamental value while purifying water pollution and enhancing the self-purification ability of water body. It not only has the environmental protection function of biological absorption and continuous degradation of environmental pollutants, but also highlights the environmental landscape greening effect of green plants, complementing the natural ecological landscape around rivers and lakes;

The ecological filtration method used in the treatment of rain and sewage overflow outlets of the present invention simulates the self-purification function of the natural ecological system, ecologically intercepts the rain and sewage at the overflow outlets on the spot and purifies the water quality step by step, and reduces the water pollution load entering rivers and lakes from the source , has the advantages of high pollution control efficiency, low impact, low energy consumption, automatic balance adjustment, simple and convenient operation, low construction cost, and low operating cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the ecological filtration method that the present invention is used for the control of rain and sewage overflow outlet;

Fig. 2 is the front sectional structure diagram for implementing the ecological filter dam water treatment device of the present invention;

In the figure: regulating pool 1, purification pool 2, filter pool 3, clear water pool 4, aeration device 5;

The regulating tank 1 includes: a first sewage outlet 1-1, a first outlet pipe 1-2, a first settling cell 1-3, a second settling cell 1-4, and a connecting pipe 1-5;

Purification tank 2 includes: plant cultivation layer 2-1, adsorption layer 2-2, first biological contact oxidation tank 2-3, first porous partition 2-4, second sewage outlet 2-5, water outlet 2- 6;

The plant cultivation layer 2-1 includes: a porous cover plate 2-11, a planting basket 2-12 (not shown in the figure), a cultivation substrate 2-13, and a plant root layer 2-14;

The first biological contact oxidation pond 2-3 includes: a first carbon fiber artificial aquatic plant 2-31, a first membranous biopolymer 2-32 (not shown in the figure), and a first hollow porous suspension ball 2-33;

The filter tank 3 includes: the second biological contact oxidation tank 3-1, the medium filter layer 3-2, the catchment channel cavity 3-3, the power aeration chamber 3-4, the second porous partition 3-5, the third Sewage outlet 3-6, second outlet pipe 3-7;

The second biological contact oxidation pond 3-1 includes: a second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plant 3-11, a second membranous biopolymer 3-12 (not shown in the figure), and a second hollow porous suspension ball 3-13;

Media filter layer 3-2 includes: anthracite layer 3-21, manganese sand layer 3-22, activated carbon particle layer 3-23, quartz sand layer 3-24, retention net 3-25;

The power aeration chamber 3-4 includes: an aeration pump 3-41, a ventilation hole 3-42 (not shown in the figure);

The clean water pool 4 includes: a third water outlet pipe 4-1, a first grid 4-2, a second grid 4-3, and a siphon 4-4.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than Nothing indicating or implying that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation should therefore not be construed as limiting the invention.

According to the water quality characteristics of good biodegradability (BOD/COD>0.3) of rainwater at the overflow outlet, the ecological filtration method of the present invention for the treatment of the rainwater overflow outlet is designed.

As shown in Figure 1, this ecological filtering method comprises the following steps:

Step 1, water quality adjustment, preliminarily separates the sewage flowing out of the rain and sewage overflow port, and uses gravity sedimentation to separate the sediment and suspended impurities with a large proportion, and collects the separated sediment and suspended impurities.

As shown in Figure 2, it is a structural diagram for implementing the ecological filter dam water treatment device of the present invention, the device design treatment water volume is 10m ³ /h, including the regulating pool 1 placed below the rain and sewage overflow outlet, the described The regulating pool 1 is connected in series with a purifying pool 2, a filtering pool 3 and a clear water pool 4 in sequence, and the bottom ends of the regulating pool 1, the purifying pool 2, the filtering pool 3 and the clear water pool 4 are all on the same horizontal line. The device can be buried under the ground or placed on the ground, and the whole device can be welded with concrete structure, steel structure or PE material, and has a self-contained and compact structure.

The water quality adjustment in step 1 is carried out in the adjustment tank 1, and the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the adjustment tank 1 is not less than 30 minutes.

The regulating tank 1 includes a first settling cell 1-3 and a second settling cell 1-4 arranged in series, and there are several interval arrangements between the first settling cell 1-3 and the second settling cell 1-4. The connecting pipe 1-5, the water inlet and outlet of the connecting pipe 1-5 are wrapped with stainless steel wire mesh for intercepting flake or granular pollutants, the first settling grid 1-3 and the second settling grid The bottom end of 1-4 is provided with a first sewage outlet 1-1, and the upper part of the side wall of the second settling cell 1-4 is communicated with first water outlet pipes 1-2 arranged at intervals.

The adjustment pool 1 has a length, width, and height of 200cm×250cm×180cm. The water inlet end of the adjustment pool 1 is connected to the external sewage cofferdam (groove), and the first outlet pipe 1-2 is 30cm away from the top of the adjustment pool 1, with a diameter of is 100mm, and the first sewage outlet 1-1 has an inverted cone-shaped structure.

A filter screen is set at the rain and sewage overflow port, and the filtered sewage flows into the first settling grid 1-3 in the regulating tank 1 by its own gravity, and the sediment and suspended matter impurities with a relatively large proportion are initially separated through gravity settlement, and after equalization The sewage is drained to the second settling cell 1-4 through the connecting pipe 1-5 relying on water pressure, and the connecting pipe 1-5 intercepts flake or granular pollutants through the stainless steel wire mesh set at the water inlet and outlet, and the second settling cell The sewage in 1-4 is again separated by gravity settling to separate sediment and suspended matter impurities with relatively large proportion, and the first sewage outlet 1-1 is used to collect the separated sediment and suspended matter impurities.

Step 2, water purification, first intercept the large colloidal particles in the sewage through the plant cultivation substrate, then absorb and transform the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the sewage through the plant root system, and then absorb the organic pollutants in the sewage through the hollow fiber ball and columnar porous activated carbon, Finally, through biochemical treatment, the ammonia nitrogen in the sewage is converted into nitro nitrogen by using the aerobic layer microorganisms outside the microbial membrane, the easily decomposed small molecule organic matter in the sewage is converted into CO ₂ and H ₂ O, and the inorganic phosphorus in the sewage is converted into cells The adenosine triphosphate in the body uses the anaerobic layer microorganisms in the microbial membrane to convert nitro-nitrogen into N ₂ , and converts the difficult-to-decompose macromolecular organic matter in the sewage into easily degradable small-molecular organic matter.

The water quality purification in step 2 is carried out in the purification tank 2, and the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the purification tank 2 is not less than 60 minutes.

Said purification pond 2 comprises the plant cultivation layer 2-1 of the first layer, the adsorption layer 2-2 of the second layer and the first biological contact oxidation pond 2-3 of the third layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and A first porous separator 2-4 is arranged between two adjacent layers. The first porous separator 2-4 is a porous PE separator made of stainless steel mesh or non-woven fabric.

The height of the plant cultivation layer 2-1 is about 60 cm, the top of which is paved with a porous cover plate 2-11, and each aperture of the porous cover plate 2-11 is uniform in size. A planting basket 2-12 for planting wet green plants is firmly placed in the hole of the porous cover plate 2-11, and the wet green plants are exposed on the ground, and the planting basket 2-12 and the porous cover plate 2-11 matching hole size. The inside of the planting basket 2-12 is provided with a cultivation substrate 2-13 for fixing wet green plants and retaining colloidal particles in sewage, and the lower end of the planting basket 2-12 is provided with a substrate for absorbing and transforming nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in sewage. The plant root system layer 2-14, the first water outlet pipe 1-2 horizontally and evenly intersects the plant root system layer 2-14, and serves as a water distribution pipe to uniformly inflow water.

Preferably, the wet green plants inside the planting basket 2-12 include canna, windmill bamboo, evergreen, monstera, iris, calamus, and water onion, and the cultivation substrate 2-13 includes quartz with a particle size of 2-4mm. The mixture of sand and zeolite, quartz sand and zeolite are composed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, which plays the role of fixing wet green plants and intercepting colloidal particles in sewage. The plant root layer 2-14 includes the hard porous ceramsite of the upper layer and the volcanic stone of the lower layer, and the particle diameters of the hard porous ceramsite and the volcanic stone are both 8-12mm, and the hard porous ceramsite and the volcanic stone are divided by weight. The composition ratio is 1:1, and the root system of wet green plants naturally extends in the plant root layer 2-14, so that the hard porous ceramsite and volcanic stone are not easy to be blocked. The growth of hygrophytes planted adjacent to each other does not affect each other. While the plant root system extends between the ceramsite and the volcano, it also absorbs and transforms the N and P nutrient salt pollutants in the sewage in the gap between the ceramsite and the volcanic rock. In addition, hard porous ceramsite and volcanic rock may be able to provide habitat carriers for microbial membranes.

The adsorption layer 2-2 is about 60 cm in height, and it includes hollow fiber balls in the upper layer and columnar porous activated carbon in the lower layer, and the particle size of the hollow fiber balls is 3-5 mm, and the particle size of the columnar porous activated carbon is 3-5 mm. While adsorbing organic pollutants in water, the adsorption layer 2-2 also provides habitats for microorganisms to form a biological activated carbon adsorption film, which transforms and degrades organic pollutants at all levels through the metabolism of microorganisms.

The height of the first biological contact oxidation pond 2-3 is about 60cm, and it includes a plurality of first carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants 2-31 hanging up and down, each of the first carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants 2-31 is attached with a The first membranous biopolymer 2-32 of organic pollutants, said first membranous biopolymer 2-32 comprises the aerobic layer outside the membrane, the facultative oxygen layer in the membrane, and the anaerobic layer in the membrane The end of each of the first carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants 2-31 is provided with a first hollow porous suspension ball 2-33, and the inside of the first hollow porous suspension ball 2-33 is filled with activated carbon particles for fixing the microbial film, and the The bottom end of the first biological contact oxidation tank 2-3 is provided with an aeration device 5, and the bottom end of the first biological contact oxidation tank 2-3 is also provided with a second sewage outlet 2-5, and the second sewage outlet 2- 5 is an inverted cone-shaped structure. The first biological contact oxidation tank 2-3 is connected with four water outlet holes 2-6 near the bottom end of the side wall of the filter tank 3, and the diameter of the water outlet holes 2-6 is 200mm, which is along the first biological contact oxidation tank 2- The width direction of the 3 side walls is arranged at intervals, and the outlet water flows to the bottom of the filter tank 3 by itself.

The aeration device 5 is an aeration tube or an aeration plate, which plays the role of aeration and oxygenation, and provides oxygen for the metabolic process of aerobic microorganisms and hydroponic plants.

The microbial membrane fixed by the first membrane biopolymer 2-32 and the first hollow porous suspension ball 2-33 converts the ammonia nitrogen in the sewage into nitro nitrogen through the aerobic layer microorganisms outside the membrane, and converts the easily decomposed small Molecular organic matter is converted into CO ₂ and H ₂ O, inorganic phosphorus in the sewage is converted into adenosine triphosphate in the cell, nitro nitrogen is converted into N ₂ through the anaerobic microorganisms in the membrane, and the difficult-to-decompose macromolecules in the sewage Molecular organic matter is transformed into easily degradable small molecular organic matter, and impurities with a larger specific gravity separated by gravity settling are removed through the second sewage outlet 2-5.

Step 3, water quality filtration, first continue to carry out biochemical treatment of sewage, prolong the time of biochemical treatment, and then carry out multi-media filtration of sewage, on the one hand, deeply intercept and absorb extremely fine suspended particles and colloids, on the other hand, enrich active microorganisms, Increase the concentration of active microorganisms, and finally gather the filtered water.

The water quality filtration in step 3 is carried out in the filter tank 3, and the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the filter tank 3 is not less than 30 minutes.

The filter tank 3 includes a second biological contact oxidation tank 3-1, a medium filter layer 3-2, and a catchment channel cavity 3-3 arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and a second porous layer is arranged between two adjacent layers. A partition 3-5, and a power aeration chamber 3-4 is arranged at the top of the water collection channel cavity 3-3.

The height of the second biological contact oxidation tank 3-1 is about 60 cm, and it is arranged symmetrically with the first biological contact oxidation tank 2-3, and a third sewage outlet 3-6 is arranged at the bottom end thereof, and the water outlet hole 2-6 It is connected to the second biological contact oxidation tank 3-1. The second biological contact oxidation pond 3-1 includes a plurality of second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants 3-11 hanging up and down, each of the second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants 3-11 is attached with a second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plant 3-11 for degrading organic pollutants in sewage. Two membranous biopolymers 3-12, the second membranous biopolymers 3-12 include an aerobic layer outside the membrane, an aerobic layer in the membrane, and an anaerobic layer in the membrane, each of the first The end of the two membrane biopolymers 3-12 is provided with a second hollow porous suspension ball 3-13, and the inside of the second hollow porous suspension ball 3-13 is filled with activated carbon particles for fixing the microbial film, and the second biological contact An aeration device 5 is arranged at the bottom of the oxidation tank 3-1. The aeration device 5 is an aeration tube or an aeration plate, which plays the role of aeration and oxygenation, and provides oxygen for the metabolic process of aerobic microorganisms and hydroponic plants.

The biochemically treated sewage at the bottom of the first biological contact oxidation tank 2-3 naturally flows into the second biological contact oxidation tank 3-1 in the filter tank 3 along the outlet hole 2-6, and the second carbon fiber artificial aquatic plants 3-11 are attached to the surface The second membrane-like biopolymer 3-12 and the microbial film fixed by the second hollow porous suspension ball 3-13 continue to perform biochemical treatment on the sewage, prolonging the biochemical treatment time.

The microbial film fixed by the second membrane biopolymer 3-12 and the second hollow porous suspension ball 3-13 converts ammonia nitrogen in the sewage into nitro nitrogen through the aerobic layer microorganisms outside the film, and converts easily decomposed small Molecular organic matter is converted into CO ₂ and H ₂ O, inorganic phosphorus in the sewage is converted into adenosine triphosphate in the cell, nitro nitrogen is converted into N ₂ through the anaerobic microorganisms in the membrane, and the difficult-to-decompose macromolecules in the sewage Molecular organic matter is transformed into easily degradable small molecular organic matter, and impurities with a larger specific gravity separated by gravity settling are removed through the third sewage outlet 3-6.

The media filter layer 3-2 has a height of about 60cm, and it includes an anthracite layer 3-21, a manganese sand layer 3-22, an activated carbon particle layer 3-23 and a quartz sand layer 3-24 filled sequentially from bottom to top. The heights of the filling layers are roughly the same, each layer is about 15 cm, and a retaining net 3-25 for retaining fine suspended particles or fine colloids is arranged between two adjacent layers.

The anthracite layer 3-21 includes anthracite with a particle size of 2-4 mm, the manganese sand layer 3-22 includes manganese sand with a particle size of 1.5-3 mm, and the activated carbon particle layer 3-23 includes activated carbon with a particle size of 1.2-2 mm , the quartz sand layer 3-24 includes quartz sand with a particle size of 0.8 to 1.5 mm, and the retaining net 3-25 is stainless steel wire or non-woven fabric with a mesh size of 0.8 to 1 mm, and the retaining net 3-25 acts as Intercept and prevent the filter material from losing with water.

Sewage enters the medium filter layer 3-2. On the one hand, the combined multi-media filter material deeply intercepts and absorbs extremely fine suspended particles and colloids, and on the other hand, it enriches active microorganisms, increases the concentration of active microorganisms, and further enhances biotransformation and metabolism. Degradability.

The height of the water collection channel cavity 3-3 is about 30cm, which plays the role of collecting filtered water, and its interior is filled with pebbles. The water collection channel chamber 3-3 is connected to the middle part of the side wall of the clear water pool 4 with four second outlet pipes 3-7. The walls are arranged at intervals in the width direction. Four second water outlet pipes 3-7 are horizontally interspersed in the water collection channel cavity 3-3, and the water inlet and outlet of the second water outlet pipe 3-7 are wrapped with stainless steel wire mesh for trapping flake or granular pollutants .

The height of the power aeration chamber 3-4 is about 30cm, and two aeration pumps 3-41 are arranged inside, and the aeration pump 3-41 is connected with the aeration device 5, and the power aeration chamber 3-4 The top is provided with a ventilation hole 3-42 communicating with the outside atmosphere.

Specifically, the power of the aeration pump 3-41 is 60-80W, and the gas volume is 60-70L/min, all of which are fixed on the seamless sealing plate, and the aeration pump 3-41 and the aeration device 5 pass through The steel wire hose seamlessly passes through the catchment channel cavity 3-3, the medium filter layer 3-2 until the bottom of the second biological contact oxidation tank 3-1, and is in contact with the bottom of the first biological contact oxidation tank 2-3 and the second biological The aeration device 5 at the bottom of the oxidation tank 3-1 is connected to each other, which plays the role of aeration and oxygenation, and provides sufficient dissolved oxygen for the metabolic process of aerobic microorganisms and hydroponic plants, and the dissolved oxygen content is 3.0-5.0mg/L scope.

Step 4: Collect clean water, collect the collected clean water, and finally flow into nearby rivers naturally.

The clear water in step 4 is collected in the clear water pool 4, and the hydraulic retention time of the clear water in the clear water pool 4 is not less than 15 minutes.

The clean water pool 4 is connected with a third water outlet pipe 4-1 near the upper part of the external side wall, and the clean water flows out automatically from the third water outlet pipe 4-1, and finally flows into nearby rivers or lake waters.

The clear water pool 4 includes a first grid 4-2 and a second grid 4-3 arranged in series, and there are 4 gaps in width between the first grid 4-2 and the second grid 4-3. Siphon tubes 4-4 arranged at intervals in the direction. The diameter of the siphon tubes 4-4 is 100 mm. The water inlet and outlet of each siphon tube 4-4 are wrapped with stainless steel wire mesh for retaining flake or granular pollutants. The third outlet pipes 4-1 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the side wall of the second grill 4-3.

In addition, when the water treatment device of the ecological filter dam is buried under the ground, the first sewage outlet 1-1, the second sewage outlet 2-5 and the third sewage outlet 3-6 are externally connected with dredge pumps.

The specific embodiment of the ecological filtering method that the present invention is used for rain and sewage overflow control is described as follows:

The rain and sewage flowing out of the overflow port first enters the pre-treated cofferdam to store water for peak adjustment; the cofferdam effluent flows by gravity to the water inlet of the ecological filter dam water treatment device of the present invention, in the regulating tank 1 Adjust the water volume, uniform water quality, and after primary gravity sedimentation treatment, the effluent enters the purification pool 2, transforms and degrades water body pollutants step by step under the metabolism of plant roots and microbial membranes, and finally passes through the filter pool 3 to absorb and intercept, and filter and purify the water body Small and medium polluting impurities, and finally filtered water enters the clear water pool 4, and the clarified effluent flows to the water body by itself, thereby realizing the in-situ transformation and degradation of rainwater and sewage pollutants.

The present invention utilizes multiple synergistic effects of physics, chemistry and biology to purify water quality, and at the same time, can keep active microorganisms in the purification pool 2, continuously purify water body pollutants, increase the concentration of active microorganisms, and increase the transformation and degradation ability of metabolism. Improve hydrodynamics, improve water reoxygenation efficiency, improve water quality indicators, and have dual functions of water purification and water conservation.

The invention realizes the interception, adsorption and degradation conversion of suspended solids, colloidal particles, nitrogen and phosphorus (N, P) nutrient salts and soluble organic pollutants in the sewage at overflow outlets of rivers and lakes, removes pollutants, and rainwater overflows after treatment. The water quality of the outlet water can reach the first-level A standard of GB18918-2002 "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants", and the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) in the water ) and other pollution indicators can reach more than 80%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in wastewater can also reach more than 75%, reducing the pollution load of rivers and lakes from the source.

In summary, the present invention is based on biofilm filtration technology (Biofilm Filtration Technology, referred to as BFT), an ecological filtration method independently developed, simulating the self-purification process of natural ecosystems, and creatively combining artificial wetland technology with biological contact oxidation method, Relying on mutual interaction and synergistic effects, a micro-ecological balance system with high biological activity is formed, which has excellent environmental protection functions such as solid-liquid separation, adsorption filtration, and biodegradation, continuously purifies pollutants at the overflow outlet, and controls the pollution load of rivers and lakes from the source , improve the hydrodynamic force of rivers and lakes, enhance the reoxygenation efficiency of water bodies, optimize the structure of biological populations, enhance the self-purification and repair functions of water bodies, and fundamentally solve the problem of water body pollution at overflow outlets of rivers and lakes; While the water body has anti-pollution and self-purification capabilities, it has a certain landscape greening effect and ornamental value. It not only has the environmental protection function of biologically absorbing and continuously degrading environmental pollutants, but also highlights the environmental landscape greening effect of green plants. The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ecological filtering method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, water quality adjustment, namely performing primary separation on sewage flowing out of a rain and sewage overflow port, separating out sediment and suspended matter impurities with larger specific gravity by utilizing gravity sedimentation, and collecting the separated sediment and suspended matter impurities;

step two, water quality purification, namely firstly intercepting larger colloid particles in sewage through a plant cultivation matrix, then absorbing and converting nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salts in the sewage through plant roots, then absorbing organic pollutants in the sewage through hollow fiber balls and columnar porous activated carbon, finally converting ammonia nitrogen in the sewage into nitronitrogen through biochemical treatment by utilizing aerobic layer microorganisms outside microbial membranes, and converting easily-decomposed small molecular organic matters in the sewage into CO ₂ And H ₂ O, converting inorganic phosphorus in sewage into adenosine triphosphate in cell body, and converting nitro nitrogen into N by utilizing anaerobic layer microbe in microbial film ₂ Converting macromolecular organic matters which are difficult to decompose in the sewage into small molecular organic matters which are easy to degrade;

step three, water quality filtration, namely, continuously carrying out biochemical treatment on the sewage to prolong the biochemical treatment time, then carrying out multi-medium filtration on the sewage, on one hand, deeply intercepting and adsorbing extremely fine suspended particles and colloid, on the other hand, enriching active microorganisms to improve the concentration of the active microorganisms, and finally, gathering the filtered clear water;

and fourthly, collecting the clear water, collecting the collected clear water, and finally naturally flowing into a nearby river.

2. The ecological filtration method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, water quality adjustment is carried out in the adjusting tank (1), the adjusting tank (1) comprises a first sedimentation tank (1-3) and a second sedimentation tank (1-4) which are arranged in series, a plurality of communicating pipes (1-5) which are arranged at intervals are communicated between the first sedimentation tank (1-3) and the second sedimentation tank (1-4), stainless steel wire nets for intercepting flaky or granular pollutants are wrapped at the water inlets and the water outlets of the communicating pipes (1-5), a first sewage outlet (1-1) is arranged at the bottom ends of the first sedimentation tank (1-3) and the second sedimentation tank (1-4), and a first water outlet pipe (1-2) which is arranged at intervals is communicated with the upper part of the side wall of the second sedimentation tank (1-4).

3. The ecological filtration method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the second step, water quality purification is carried out in a purifying tank (2), wherein the purifying tank (2) comprises a plant cultivation layer (2-1), an adsorption layer (2-2) and a first biological contact oxidation tank (2-3) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a first porous partition plate (2-4) is arranged between two adjacent layers; the planting device is characterized in that a porous cover plate (2-11) is paved at the top end of the plant cultivation layer (2-1), a planting basket (2-12) for planting green plants is arranged in a hole of the porous cover plate (2-11), a cultivation substrate (2-13) for fixing the green plants and intercepting colloid particles in sewage is arranged in the planting basket (2-12), a plant root system layer (2-14) for absorbing and converting nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts in the sewage is arranged at the lower end of the planting basket (2-12), and the first water outlet pipe (1-2) is inserted into the plant root system layer (2-14); the first biological contact oxidation pond (2-3) include a plurality of first carbon fiber artificial pasture and water (2-31) that hang from top to bottom, every first carbon fiber artificial pasture and water (2-31) periphery is attached with first membranous biopolymer (2-32) that are arranged in degrading organic pollutant in the sewage, first membranous biopolymer (2-32) are including the aerobic layer outside the membrane, the facultative layer in the membrane and the anaerobism layer in the membrane, every first carbon fiber artificial pasture and water (2-31) end is provided with first cavity porous suspension ball (2-33), the inside active carbon granule that is used for fixed microbial film that fills of first cavity porous suspension ball (2-33), first biological contact oxidation pond (2-3) bottom is provided with aeration equipment (5), first biological contact oxidation pond (2-3) bottom still is provided with second mouth (2-5), first biological contact oxidation pond (2-3) lateral wall intercommunication has out water hole (2-6).

4. The ecological filtering method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 3, wherein: in the second step, the wet green plants in the field planting basket (2-12) comprise canna, windmill bamboo, rohdea japonica, tortoise back bamboo, iris, calamus and allium mongolicum, the cultivation matrix (2-13) comprises quartz sand with the particle size of 2-4 mm and zeolite mixture, the plant root system layer (2-14) comprises upper hard porous ceramsite and lower volcanic rock, and the particle sizes of the hard porous ceramsite and the volcanic rock are 8-12 mm; the adsorption layer (2-2) comprises an upper hollow fiber ball and a lower columnar porous active carbon, wherein the particle size of the hollow fiber ball is 3-5 mm, and the particle size of the columnar porous active carbon is 3-5 mm; the water outlet holes (2-6) are arranged at intervals along the side wall of the first biological contact oxidation pond (2-3).

5. The ecological filtering method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: in the third step, water quality filtration is carried out in a filter tank (3), the filter tank (3) comprises a second biological contact oxidation tank (3-1), a medium filter layer (3-2) and a water collecting channel cavity (3-3) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a second porous partition plate (3-5) is arranged between two adjacent layers, and a power aeration chamber (3-4) is arranged at the top end of the water collecting channel cavity (3-3); a third sewage outlet (3-6) is arranged at the bottom end of the second biological contact oxidation pond (3-1); pebbles are filled in the catchment channel cavity (3-3), and a second water outlet pipe (3-7) is communicated with the middle part of the side wall of the catchment channel cavity (3-3); the power aeration chamber (3-4) is internally provided with an oxygenation pump (3-41), the oxygenation pump (3-41) is connected with the aeration device (5), and the top end of the power aeration chamber (3-4) is provided with a vent hole (3-42) communicated with the outside atmosphere.

6. The ecological filtering method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 5, wherein: in the third step, the second biological contact oxidation pond (3-1) comprises a plurality of second carbon fiber artificial aquatic weeds (3-11) which are hung up and down, a second membranous biopolymer (3-12) for degrading organic pollutants in sewage is attached to the periphery of each second carbon fiber artificial aquatic weed (3-11), the second membranous biopolymer (3-12) comprises an aerobic layer outside a membrane, a facultative layer in the membrane and an anaerobic layer in the membrane, a second hollow porous suspending ball (3-13) is arranged at the tail end of each second membranous biopolymer (3-12), activated carbon particles for fixing microbial membranes are filled in the second hollow porous suspending ball (3-13), and an aeration device (5) is arranged at the bottom end of the second biological contact oxidation pond (3-1); the medium filter layer (3-2) comprises a smokeless coal layer (3-21), a manganese sand layer (3-22), an active carbon particle layer (3-23) and a quartz sand layer (3-24) which are sequentially filled from bottom to top, and a interception net (3-25) for intercepting fine suspended particles or fine colloid is arranged between two adjacent layers.

7. The ecological filtering method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 6, wherein: in the third step, the smokeless coal bed (3-21) comprises anthracite with the particle size of 2-4 mm, the manganese sand layer (3-22) comprises manganese sand with the particle size of 1.5-3 mm, the activated carbon particle layer (3-23) comprises activated carbon with the particle size of 1.2-2 mm, the quartz sand layer (3-24) comprises quartz sand with the particle size of 0.8-1.5 mm, and the interception net (3-25) is stainless steel wires or non-woven fabrics with the mesh size of 0.8-1 mm; the second water outlet pipes (3-7) are arranged at intervals along the side wall of the water collecting channel cavity (3-3).

8. The ecological filtering method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 5, wherein: the first sewage outlet (1-1), the second sewage outlet (2-5) and the third sewage outlet (3-6) are of inverted cone structures.

9. The ecological filtration method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, clean water is collected in the clean water tank (4), the clean water tank (4) comprises a first grid (4-2) and a second grid (4-3) which are arranged in series, a plurality of siphons (4-4) which are arranged at intervals are communicated between the first grid (4-2) and the second grid (4-3), a stainless steel wire net for intercepting flaky or granular pollutants is arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet of each siphon (4-4), and a third water outlet pipe (4-1) is communicated with the upper part of the side wall of the second grid (4-3) close to the outside.

10. The ecological filtration method for rain and sewage overflow port treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the water quality adjusting process is not less than 30min, the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the water quality purifying process is not less than 60min, the hydraulic retention time of the sewage in the water quality filtering process is not less than 30min, and the hydraulic retention time of the clear water in the clear water collecting process is not less than 15min.

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