CN101580296A

CN101580296A - Ecological method for treating eutrophic rivers and lakes

Info

Publication number: CN101580296A
Application number: CNA2008100373321A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 季兵; 唐慧
Original assignee: Shanghai Fuchen Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Fuchen Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2008-05-13
Filing date: 2008-05-13
Publication date: 2009-11-18

Abstract

The invention relates to the treatment of eutrophic rivers and lakes, which belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects. Aiming at river and lake eutrophication and algae reproduction, the invention solves the problems of dephosphorizing and denitrogenating and controls the diffused pollution. The fundamental idea of technical development is as follows: adopting the advantages of mature technologies of an activated sludge process, a biomembrane process, and the like, assuming rivers and lakes as a large sewage treatment structure by applying the reactor theory; building large circulating water flow in water by using a movable aeration machine at a first layer; aerating and reoxygenating; mixing huge lake water by using less energy consumption; planting plants with flourished roots on water by using carriers, realizing ecological contact oxidization pollution treatment in polluted lakes by means of the coupling action of microorganisms and the plants; rapidly and efficiently reducing organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus in lake water; and inhibiting the algae reproduction by applying an ecological niche principle. Water can be purified to reach the III class standard (GB 3838-2002) from the surface water poor V class.

Description

A kind of ecological method of administering lake, eutrophication river

Technical field

The present invention relates to eutrophication rivers and lakes improvement method, belong to the hydro project technical field.

Background technology

China rivers and lakes are polluted and are on the rise, and mainly show eutrophication.The pollution in lake, river not only influences function of water body, as safe drinking water, destruction aquatic environment, and the harm hydrobiont etc., and cause the extinction in lake, river itself.Dystrophication presents the trend of increasing rapidly over nearly 30 years.The large-scale freshwater lake and the lake, city in the whole nation all reach intermediate pollution and serious pollution.Large-scale blue-green algae clustering phenomena had been broken out in Taihu Lake in special 2007, severe contamination the tap water seedbed of surrounding cities, Taihu Lake, caused civic, surrounding cities along the lake dysdipsia, caused the extensive attention of various circles of society.The ubiquity and the seriousness of river lacustrine environment contamination phenomenon row cause great harm to China's people ' s health and Economic development.The severe contamination of river, water body in lake has more aggravated China's shortage of water resources, has restricted sustainable development of economy, and the while has also been caused great threat to China people's life and health.Surface water body such as river, lake is the ground that compiles of the various sewage of discharging, and the essence of dystrophication is that its dilution cleaning action greatly weakens, and exceeds the self-cleaning boundary in lake, river, and pollutant sediment causes water body dirt, black smelly, causes the algae overgrowing to spread unchecked.

China is aspect the improvement of lake, river, and general the employing cut dirty and two kinds of methods of desilting, but in fact, all there is significant limitation in these two kinds of methods.At first, cutting dirty back concentrates construction and the running cost of building sewage work high.Even in developed country Japan, the sanitary sewage centralized treatment rate also has only 60%.The cost price of desilting is also than higher, and China can only take extremely limited fund to carry out part improvement, and the situation of visible lake, river severe contamination also will exist down for a long time.Secondly, say technically, even if carried out cutting completely dirt and desilting, because the lake, river is the water surrounding of an opening, organic pollutant in the surface soil abandons with rainwater person who lives in exile and artificial rubbish and is difficult to avoid, time one, water quality of a specified duration was contaminated again, therefore can not once and for all solve the dystrophication problem.Can not fundamentally solve eutrophication problem, in view of existing lake, river by severe contamination, and pollute will long-standing existing volt, the lake, river of having polluted is pressed for implement direct countermeasured to bring inflation under control.

Technology contents

Present technique solves dephosphorization and denitrogenates problem, the control pollution of area source at river course and the rich battalionization of lake waters.River and lake water pollutes and comes down to ecosystem degenerate problem, must explore the new way that effective dystrophication waters is administered with theory, thinking, the method for ecological engineering.Absorb the thought of ecology, engineering science, environmental science, phytology, all subjects of microbiology, particularly ecological ecological niche principle, food chain principle, biology and environment interoperability principle, coenocorrelation coevolution principle, benefit coordinating and unifying principle, research and development is applicable to the portable reoxygenation-ecological catalytic oxidation technology of eutrophication water.Present technique exploitation basic thought be to improve water surrounding by the first level artificial oxygenation, make good use of oxygen animalcule and remove BOD, COD; Second level utilizes plant, microorganism etc. to set up the various life entities in the aquatic ecosystem, non-living matter to comprise the pollution substance that enters this system by enrichment and diffusion, synthetic and decomposition, antagonism and various procedures such as work in coordination with and reach particularly nitrogen phosphorus elimination of pollutent, and these processes usually occur in internal system and are closely connected with the material cycle and the flow of energy of system.

The basic ideas of present technique exploitation are to draw activated sludge process, the advantage of mature technologies such as biomembrance process, invent, the reactor theory is applied to technological development, with the lake, the river course is assumed to be a big sewage treatment structure, utilize the portable stream aerator of making in water, to build huge circulating water flow, go back watercourse aeration simultaneously, just huge lake water can be stirred with very little power consumption, second level utilizes carrier with the well developed root system plant growing water surface, utilize microorganism, the plant coupling realizes ecological catalytic oxidation pollution treatment in polluted lake, can be quick, efficiently, low power consuming ground reduces the organism in the lake water, nitrogen phosphorus, suppress algae reproduction, prevent blue algae bloom, alleviate the alluvial of organic sludge, eliminate lake, river foul smell.The filler that carrier hangs down can make microbial film well adhere to, and effluent stream is when microbial film, and suspended substance is stopped by filler and plant stem, root system to be held back, and organic pollutant then is removed by biomembranous absorption, assimilation and dissimilation.Because of the transmission of emergent root system to oxygen discharges, make and present aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic state in the environment around it successively, dissolved oxygen presents layering in system, guaranteed that the nitrogen in the sewage, phosphorus can not only directly be absorbed as nutritive ingredient by plant and microorganism, but also can to the excess accumulation effect of phosphorus it have been removed from sewage by nitrated, denitrification and microorganism.

Studies have shown that ammonia nitrogen mainly relies on the microorganism nitrification to remove, clearance 95%, Xia Qiu is higher than the Winter-Spring; Total nitrogen removes based on denitrification, and clearance reaches 60%, and Xia Chun is greater than the autumn and winter; Nitrogen removal efficiency raises along with temperature and the residence time prolongs obviously raising.The TP average removal rate is 70%, and does not have in temperature and month too big relatedly, with the upgrowth situation of plant tangible dependency is arranged; PO ₄ ^3--P removes and relies on plant absorbing and microbial assimilation effect, and average removal rate is 62%.CODcr has mainly relied on oxygen metabolism to remove, and average removal rate is 75%; Insoluble CODcr is along with the residence time prolongs corresponding minimizing, and solvability CODcr is along with residence time variation does not present regularity.The clearance of SS reaches 90%, by the microbial film on the filler absorption of SS is driven away, and remarkable to the inhibition effect of water bloom pollution, water body has reached effect so clear that you can see the bottom.Water quality then from the bad V class standard of surface water, purifies to III class standard (GB3838-2002).

The enforcement entire treatment process of present technique does not add chemical agent, and environment is not caused secondary pollution.Implementation process and follow-up effect can guarantee that not only HUMAN HEALTH and hydrobiont are had safety control, and can also beautify the waters view in governance process, also can play positive promoter action to hydrobiological diversity development.Simultaneously, implementation result not only is better than other technology, and cost is estimated that construction costs and working cost summation only are about 1/10～1/5 of traditional technology, and easily carried out mass-producing, medelling and mechanized far below other technologies.

Description of drawings

1, Fig. 1 represents the synoptic diagram of ecological catalytic oxidation.

2, Fig. 2 represents that the packing microbial film is in the microscopically form under the carrier.

Embodiment

Determine to make stream aeration section and ecological stable section distance as Fig. 1 according to the river and lake water quality analytical characteristic and show the portable reoxygenation ecology catalytic oxidation system that makes up.

Seriously polluted zone is provided with to move and makes stream aeration oxygen replenishing system in the lake, river, establishes aerator 4-6 platform, is positioned over the jet-flow aeration section, carries out aeration oxygen replenishing, constantly sewage is rolled.

With well developed root system, well developed root system plant such as the Canna generalis Bailey good to pollutant removal, Wildcelery Herbs etc. are cultivated in the garden, with the macromolecular material plate, bamboo cane nylon rope frame, coconut palm ball silk, groups' (deciding according to local conditions) of straw establishment etc. are as transplanting carrier, with these plant growings in river lake water face, form ecological floating island, science distributes and hangs the medium-soft fiber yarn as filler below the carrier, make microbial film fine adhering to of energy, the existing certain rigid of fiber yarn has certain flexibility again, keeps certain shape, and the certain deformation ability is arranged again simultaneously, fibrous packing nylon, man-made fiber such as acrylic fibers braiding bunchy, rope form connects, bundle end jag, and be radial structure, like this, not only increased its surface-area effectively, and improved biomembranous sticking power greatly, film can well adhere to, show as Fig. 2, thereby improved the effect of microorganism effectively water treatment.The chinampa is positioned over ecological stable section, carries out particularly nitrogen phosphorus of degradation of contaminant.

Claims

1, a kind of ecological method of administering lake, eutrophication river is characterized in that: according to dystrophication thing feature and eutrophication degree, make up the ecological catalytic oxidation of portable reoxygenation system, comprise portable watercourse aeration system, ecological catalytic oxidation system.

2, be applied to a kind of ecological method of administering lake, eutrophication river according to claim 1 is described, its feature: make stream aeration section in the setting of seriously polluted zone, 4-6 platform movable type is set makes the stream aerator, in water, build huge circulating water flow, simultaneously can also watercourse aeration.

3, according to claim 2 described a kind of ecological method of administering lake, eutrophication river, its features: making the ecological stable section of setting outside the stream aeration section on the watercourse aeration basis of being applied to.

4, be applied to a kind of ecological method of administering lake, eutrophication river according to claim 3 is described, its feature: ecological stable section is provided with ecological catalytic oxidation system, be with well developed root system, well developed root system plant such as the Canna generalis Bailey good to pollutant removal, Wildcelery Herbs etc. are cultivated in the garden, with the macromolecular material plate, bamboo cane nylon rope frame, coconut palm ball silk, groups' (deciding according to local conditions) of straw establishment etc. are as transplanting carrier, with these plant growings in river lake water face, form ecological floating island, science distributes and hangs the medium-soft fiber yarn as filler below the carrier, make microbial film fine adhering to of energy, the existing certain rigid of fiber yarn has certain flexibility again, keep certain shape, certain deformation ability, fibrous packing nylon are arranged again simultaneously, man-made fiber such as acrylic fibers braiding bunchy, rope form connects, bundle end jag, and be radial structure and improved the microbial film adhesive ability effectively.