CN110683713A - Ecological treatment system for rural decentralized kitchen sewage - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于农村分散型餐厨污水的生态处理系统,该系统由基质强化处理系统和湿地消纳系统组成。基质强化处理系统包括通过连通管道依次串联的沉淀池和多个生物基质处理单元,生物基质处理单元内充填可自然降解的生物基质填料。湿地消纳系统由3个或3个以上生态湿地通过管道连通构成。本发明构建了一个污水沿管道自流并连通的生态处理系统,并且明确了生态处理系统建设的工艺参数,主要包括水力停留时间、基质强化处理系统面积系数、生物基质投入量系数和湿地消纳系统面积系数等,具有很强操作性和广泛适用性。本发明结构简单,操作方便,对于餐厨污水中COD、氮磷等污染物处理效果好,尤其是动植物油污,适用于农村分散性餐厨污水处理。The invention discloses an ecological treatment system for rural distributed kitchen sewage, which is composed of a matrix strengthening treatment system and a wetland absorbing system. The matrix strengthening treatment system includes a sedimentation tank and a plurality of biological matrix treatment units which are connected in series through communicating pipes, and the biological matrix treatment units are filled with naturally degradable biological matrix fillers. The wetland absorption system consists of three or more ecological wetlands connected by pipelines. The invention constructs an ecological treatment system in which the sewage flows and communicates along the pipeline, and clarifies the technological parameters of the construction of the ecological treatment system, which mainly include the hydraulic retention time, the area coefficient of the matrix strengthening treatment system, the biological matrix input amount coefficient and the wetland absorption system. Area coefficient, etc., has strong operability and wide applicability. The invention has simple structure and convenient operation, and has good effect on the treatment of pollutants such as COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in kitchen sewage, especially the oil pollution of animals and plants, and is suitable for the treatment of scattered kitchen sewage in rural areas.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及污水处理技术领域,特别的涉及一种用于农村分散型餐厨污水的生态处理系 统。The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to an ecological treatment system for rural distributed kitchen sewage.
背景技术Background technique
我国农业和农村水污染主要源自村镇生活污染、畜禽养殖污染、农产品加工排污以及农 田排水等。与城市污水处理相比,农村水环境污染来源复杂、分布面广,污水集中收集成本 太高。故,在乡村人口非集中区多使用分散型污水处理方式。尤其,随着现代观光农业及休 闲农业的兴起和发展使得农家乐和餐饮业越来越多,在增加农户收入的同时也增加了餐厨垃 圾废水的排放,加剧了农村环境污染问题。my country's agricultural and rural water pollution mainly comes from village life pollution, livestock and poultry breeding pollution, agricultural product processing pollution and farmland drainage. Compared with urban sewage treatment, the pollution sources of rural water environment are complex and widely distributed, and the cost of centralized sewage collection is too high. Therefore, decentralized sewage treatment methods are often used in rural areas with non-concentrated population. In particular, with the rise and development of modern tourism agriculture and leisure agriculture, there are more and more farmhouses and catering businesses, which not only increase the income of farmers, but also increase the discharge of kitchen waste and wastewater, aggravating the problem of rural environmental pollution.
餐厨垃圾废水主要来源于餐厨垃圾本身内含水和垃圾在发酵过程中产生的水分,餐厨废 水的成分复杂,有机物含量高,主要有食物纤维、淀粉、脂肪、动物植物油、各类佐料、洗 涤剂和蛋白质等。由于餐厨垃圾在高温水解作用下分解成的脂肪酸未进一步降解,使产生废 水的COD质量浓度升高,且餐厨垃圾固形物中具有丰富的蛋白质,蛋白质在消化过程被氨化, 造成餐厨垃圾废水具有高水平的氨氮和总氮浓度,导致碳氮比偏低,不但对厌氧消化有影响, 对后续废水生化处理也带来影响。由于高氨氮的抑制作用,生化处理具有较大难度。The kitchen waste wastewater mainly comes from the water in the kitchen waste itself and the moisture generated during the fermentation process of the waste. The composition of the kitchen waste water is complex and the organic content is high, mainly including dietary fiber, starch, fat, animal and vegetable oils, various additives. ingredients, detergents, and proteins. Because the fatty acids decomposed by the high-temperature hydrolysis of the kitchen waste are not further degraded, the COD mass concentration of the generated wastewater increases, and the solids of the kitchen waste are rich in protein, and the protein is ammoniated during the digestion process, causing the kitchen waste. The waste water has high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, resulting in a low carbon-nitrogen ratio, which not only affects anaerobic digestion, but also affects the subsequent biochemical treatment of wastewater. Due to the inhibitory effect of high ammonia nitrogen, biochemical treatment is difficult.
目前在农村分散型污水处理中使用较多是潜流湿地和表流湿地(包括生态沟渠),也是相 对成功的生态污水处理技术。如发明专利CN201210426016.X公开了一种组合式城镇污水处 理人工湿地系统及城镇污水处理方法。该系统包括依次串联的生物调节池单元、好氧降解与 微生物培养池、潜流湿地、表流湿地,潜流湿地中的基质由下至上依次为砾石层、细沙层、 蛭石与细沙混合层、细沙与红壤混合层,所述表流湿地由浅至深配置各种挺水型、浮叶型、 浮水型、沉水型水生植物。但上述方法中潜流湿地以砾石、细沙等多孔介质材料作为渗滤层, 渗滤层对污染物的吸附性能会随湿地运行时间增加而下降,最终导致整个系统完全失效,提 高成本;同时,污水中餐厨污油含量高,这些污油降解慢、且漂浮于污水表层,污油进入表 流湿地后,会附着于湿地植物叶表或茎干,易导致植物死亡;且潜流湿地和表流湿地设计和 建设缺乏统一的技术规范,这导致实际工程建设的工艺参数设置存在很大的随意性。发明专 利CN201910361153.1公开了一种餐厨废水的A/A/O、MAP联合处理方法,包括以下步骤:(1)调节废水的酸碱度至pH=6.8–7.5;(2)使经过酸碱度调节后的废水进入A/A/O系统,A/A/O 系统包括厌氧发酵池、缺氧池、好氧池和二沉池,使废水依次进入厌氧发酵池、缺氧池、好 氧池和二沉池;(3)使厌氧发酵池的沉渣和步骤(2)中污泥进入MAP系统;(4)往MAP反应池 中投加絮凝剂;(5)使经过步骤(4)处理的产物进入MAP沉淀池,静置至上清液和沉淀物明显 分层,但餐厨污油含量高且漂浮于污水表层,不易被厌氧菌或缺氧菌所降解去除。因此,这 使得当前常用的“厌氧发酵池/潜流湿地”很难有效处理农村餐厨污水。At present, subsurface wetlands and surface wetlands (including ecological ditches) are mostly used in rural decentralized sewage treatment, and they are also relatively successful ecological sewage treatment technologies. For example, invention patent CN201210426016.X discloses a combined urban sewage treatment constructed wetland system and urban sewage treatment method. The system includes biological regulation pool units, aerobic degradation and microbial culture pools, subsurface wetlands, and surface wetlands in series. The substrates in the subsurface wetlands are, from bottom to top, a gravel layer, a fine sand layer, and a mixed layer of vermiculite and fine sand. , mixed layer of fine sand and red soil, the surface wetland is equipped with various emergent, floating leaf, floating and submerged aquatic plants from shallow to deep. However, in the above method, the subsurface wetland uses porous media materials such as gravel and fine sand as the percolation layer, and the adsorption performance of the percolation layer to pollutants will decrease with the increase of the wetland operating time, which will eventually lead to the complete failure of the entire system and increase the cost; at the same time, Sewage contains high content of kitchen sewage oil, which degrades slowly and floats on the surface of sewage. After sewage oil enters surface wetland, it will adhere to the leaf surface or stem of wetland plants, which can easily lead to plant death; There is a lack of unified technical specifications for wetland design and construction, which leads to a lot of randomness in the setting of process parameters in actual engineering construction. Invention patent CN201910361153.1 discloses a combined A/A/O and MAP treatment method for kitchen wastewater, including the following steps: (1) adjusting the pH of the wastewater to pH=6.8-7.5; (2) adjusting the pH of the wastewater The wastewater enters the A/A/O system. The A/A/O system includes anaerobic fermentation tank, anoxic tank, aerobic tank and secondary sedimentation tank, so that the wastewater enters the anaerobic fermentation tank, anoxic tank and aerobic tank in turn. and the secondary sedimentation tank; (3) make the sediment in the anaerobic fermentation tank and the sludge in step (2) enter the MAP system; (4) add a flocculant to the MAP reaction tank; (5) make it processed in step (4) The product of MAP enters the MAP sedimentation tank and is left to stand until the supernatant and the sediment are clearly stratified, but the kitchen sewage oil content is high and floats on the surface of the sewage, which is not easy to be degraded and removed by anaerobic bacteria or anoxic bacteria. Therefore, this makes it difficult to effectively treat rural kitchen sewage by the currently commonly used "anaerobic fermentation tank/underwater wetland".
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供了一种用于农村分散型餐厨污水的生 态处理系统,解决了现有方法存在对餐厨污水中动植物油污处理效果差和成本高等问题。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological treatment system for rural distributed kitchen sewage, which solves the problems of poor treatment effect and high cost of animal and vegetable oil pollution in kitchen sewage in the existing method. question.
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:包括基质强化处理系统和湿地 消纳系统,所述基质强化处理系统包括通过连通管道依次首位串联的1个沉淀池和多个生物 基质处理单元,所述沉淀池与餐厨污水排放管道连通,所述生物基质处理单元内设有可自然 降解的生物基质填料,所述基质强化处理系统通过连通管道与湿地消纳系统相连,湿地消纳 系统由3个以上的由管道连通的生态湿地组成,且湿地消纳系统的上部种有植被。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: including a matrix strengthening treatment system and a wetland absorption system, and the matrix strengthening treatment system includes a sedimentation tank and a plurality of biological matrix treatment systems that are connected in series through a communication pipeline. unit, the sedimentation tank is connected with the kitchen sewage discharge pipeline, the biological matrix treatment unit is provided with a naturally degradable biological matrix filler, and the matrix strengthening treatment system is connected to the wetland consumption system through the communication pipeline, and the wetland consumption The system consists of more than three ecological wetlands connected by pipelines, and the upper part of the wetland absorption system is planted with vegetation.
沉淀池是沉淀和厌氧处理餐厨污水的初级场所,生物基质处理单元是生物基质投放及吸 附和分解污水污染物的次级场所。基质强化处理系统一般由1个沉淀池或2个以上的生物基 质处理单元组成。The sedimentation tank is the primary site for sedimentation and anaerobic treatment of kitchen sewage, and the biological matrix treatment unit is the secondary site for biological matrix delivery and adsorption and decomposition of sewage pollutants. The matrix strengthening treatment system generally consists of a sedimentation tank or more than two biological matrix treatment units.
作为优选的,基质强化处理系统中沉淀池和生物基质处理单元皆为规则封闭池体,池体 底部和周壁做需要做硬化不透水处理,以防止污水外渗;顶部硬化密封、但保留一个直径60cm 左右工作井口,供系统维护期间移除沉积物或者投放生物基质填料。系统运行期间,各井口 用井盖封闭。Preferably, both the sedimentation tank and the biological matrix treatment unit in the matrix strengthening treatment system are regular closed tanks, and the bottom and surrounding walls of the tank need to be hardened and impermeable to prevent sewage from seeping out; the top is hardened and sealed, but retains a diameter A working wellhead of about 60cm is used for sediment removal or biomatrix packing during system maintenance. During the operation of the system, each wellhead is closed with a well cover.
作为优选的,所述生物基质处理单元的池壁上设置有多个插口,所述插口按矩形阵列均 布,且对应池壁上的插口对应设置,所述对应插口之间设置有阻挡杆。这样,使生物基质填 料分布于多个水层上,增强生物基质填料对污水中氮磷、动植物油污等污染物的吸附。As preferably, a plurality of sockets are provided on the pond wall of the biological matrix processing unit, the sockets are uniformly distributed in a rectangular array, and the sockets on the corresponding pond wall are correspondingly arranged, and a blocking rod is provided between the corresponding sockets. In this way, the biological matrix filler is distributed on multiple water layers, and the adsorption of the biological matrix filler to pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, animal and vegetable oil pollution in sewage is enhanced.
所述相邻两个插口在水平方向间隔1.0~1.5m,所述相邻两个插口在垂直方向间隔The two adjacent sockets are spaced 1.0-1.5m in the horizontal direction, and the two adjacent sockets are spaced in the vertical direction
0.2~0.8m。0.2~0.8m.
作为优选的,所述生物基质处理单元和生态湿地的进水口设置在一侧壁的底部,出水口 设置在另一侧壁的顶部,使所述生物基质处理单元和生态湿地的出水口和进水口沿对角线布 设。这样,餐厨污水从底部进,从对角顶部排出,经过的路径长,使污水中氮磷、动植物油 污等污染物的吸附更彻底,效率更高。Preferably, the biological matrix treatment unit and the water inlet of the ecological wetland are arranged at the bottom of one side wall, and the water outlet is arranged at the top of the other side wall, so that the water outlet and inlet of the biological matrix treatment unit and the ecological wetland are arranged. The nozzles are arranged diagonally. In this way, the kitchen sewage enters from the bottom and is discharged from the diagonal top, and the path is long, which makes the adsorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, animal and vegetable oil pollution and other pollutants in the sewage more thorough and efficient.
作为优选的,所述基质强化处理系统的总面积根据如下公式(1)确定:Preferably, the total area of the matrix strengthening treatment system is determined according to the following formula (1):
SA=N*Vs*D/Hs (1)S A =N*V s *D/H s (1)
式中,SA是基质强化处理系统总建设面积(m2);N是日最高就餐人数;Vs是单个游客的基质强化处理系统容积系数,取值为0.1~0.25m3;D是污水在基质强化处理系统中停留时 间;Hs是基质强化处理系统的最高水位。在实际建设中,基质强化处理系统容积系数可依据 实际情况,灵活调整。如果用地面积充足,可适当增大该系数,整体原则是保持污水在基质 强化处理系统中水力停留时间不少于7d。优选的,沉淀池和生物基质处理单元建设面积比是 1:4。In the formula, S A is the total construction area of the matrix intensified treatment system (m 2 ); N is the daily maximum number of diners; Vs is the volume coefficient of the matrix intensified treatment system of a single tourist, ranging from 0.1 to 0.25 m 3 ; Residence time in the matrix-enhanced treatment system; Hs is the highest water level in the matrix-enhanced treatment system. In actual construction, the volume coefficient of the matrix strengthening treatment system can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situation. If the land area is sufficient, the coefficient can be appropriately increased. The overall principle is to keep the hydraulic retention time of sewage in the matrix enhanced treatment system not less than 7d. Preferably, the construction area ratio of the sedimentation tank and the biological matrix treatment unit is 1:4.
作为优选的,所述生物基质填料为稻草、麦秆和玉米杆中的一种或多种材料。较优的将 上述生物基质填料经膨化处理后,增加生物基质中纤维素的孔隙度、暴露出纤维素的表面基 团,提高其吸附能力和吸附量。优选的,玉米杆需要碎化(粒径<5mm)与一定量的稻草或麦 秆搭配使用。玉米杆与稻草/麦秆的配比为2:3。Preferably, the biological matrix filler is one or more materials selected from straw, wheat straw and corn stalk. Preferably, after the above-mentioned biological matrix filler is expanded, the porosity of cellulose in the biological matrix is increased, the surface groups of cellulose are exposed, and its adsorption capacity and adsorption capacity are improved. Preferably, corn stalk needs to be shredded (particle size < 5mm) and used in combination with a certain amount of straw or wheat straw. The ratio of cornstalk to straw/wheat straw was 2:3.
作为优选的,所述生物基质填料的投加量根据如下公式(2)确定:Preferably, the dosage of the biological matrix filler is determined according to the following formula (2):
W=V*Ps (2)W=V*P s (2)
式中,W是生物基质处理单元投放的填料总量(kg);V是基质强化处理系统总容积;Ps是单位体积污水生物基质填料投放系数,取值20~30Kg/m3。鉴于秸秆填料分解时长为3~4个月,秸秆填料投放频率按3次/年,每次投放总量为总量的1/3(W/3)。In the formula, W is the total amount of fillers put into the biological matrix treatment unit (kg); V is the total volume of the matrix strengthening treatment system; P s is the dosage coefficient of biological matrix fillers per unit volume of sewage, which ranges from 20 to 30Kg/m 3 . Considering that the decomposition time of straw filler is 3 to 4 months, the frequency of feeding straw filler is 3 times per year, and the total amount of each feeding is 1/3 (W/3) of the total amount.
作为优选的,所述湿地消纳系统的总面积按照如下公式(3)确定:Preferably, the total area of the wetland absorption system is determined according to the following formula (3):
Sp=N*PA (3)Sp = N*P A (3)
式中,Sp是湿地消纳系统总面积(m2),N是日最高就餐人数;PA是单个就餐游客湿地建设面积系数,取值1~2.5m2。生态湿地水深维持在1.5~2.5m左右,实际建设中要求在保证 湿地消纳系统水力停留不少于14d条件下,灵活调整湿地水深。In the formula, Sp is the total area of the wetland absorption system (m 2 ), N is the daily maximum number of diners; P A is the wetland construction area coefficient of a single dining visitor, ranging from 1 to 2.5m 2 . The water depth of the ecological wetland is maintained at about 1.5-2.5m. In actual construction, it is required to flexibly adjust the water depth of the wetland under the condition that the hydraulic retention of the wetland absorption system is not less than 14 days.
作为优选的,所述多级湿地中水生植物配置依次为大型挺水植物、小型挺水植物及浮水 植物,对应种植面积配置比为3:3:4。通过在多级湿地中沿污水自流方向配置高-中-低3种水 生植物,有利于促进进入湿地中残余油污的吸附和降解。Preferably, the configuration of aquatic plants in the multi-level wetlands is in turn of large emergent plants, small emergent plants and floating plants, and the corresponding planting area configuration ratio is 3:3:4. By arranging high-medium-low three kinds of aquatic plants in the multi-level wetland along the sewage flow direction, it is beneficial to promote the adsorption and degradation of residual oil pollution entering the wetland.
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明针对农村餐厨污水具有分散性、有机物浓度高和油污含量高等特点,提出的用 于农村分散型餐厨污水的生态处理系统,是由基质强化处理系统和湿地消纳系统耦合工艺, 用基质强化处理+湿地消纳的技术组合取代传统的厌氧发酵/潜流湿地技术,通过投放可自然 降解的生物基质材料和不同湿地植物种植的合理配置,有效吸附和降解餐厨污水中氮磷、油 污等有机污染物,可高效处理农村分散型餐厨污水;既解决了餐厨污水中污油的去除和降解 问题,又克服了传统潜流湿地需定期开挖更换吸附材料的弱点。另外,根据农村分散型餐厨 污水的特点,本发明明确了基质强化处理系统和湿地消纳系统建设的工艺参数,如水力停留 时间为14d、基质强化处理系统容积系数为0.1~0.25m3/人、生物基质投入量系数为20~ 30Kg/m3和湿地面积系数为1~2.5m2/人等,显著的提高了污水的处理效果,并且操作性强, 具有良好的推广应用性。1. The present invention aims at the characteristics of dispersibility, high organic matter concentration and high oil content in the rural kitchen sewage, and the proposed ecological treatment system for the rural distributed kitchen sewage is a coupling process of the matrix strengthening treatment system and the wetland absorption system. , Replace the traditional anaerobic fermentation / submerged wetland technology with the technology combination of matrix strengthening treatment + wetland absorption, and effectively absorb and degrade nitrogen in kitchen sewage by putting in naturally degradable biological matrix materials and the reasonable configuration of different wetland plants. Phosphorus, oil pollution and other organic pollutants can efficiently treat rural scattered kitchen sewage; it not only solves the problem of the removal and degradation of dirty oil in kitchen sewage, but also overcomes the weakness of traditional subsurface wetlands that require regular excavation and replacement of adsorption materials. In addition, according to the characteristics of rural dispersed kitchen sewage, the present invention clarifies the process parameters for the construction of the matrix strengthening treatment system and the wetland absorption system, such as the hydraulic retention time of 14d and the volume coefficient of the matrix strengthening treatment system being 0.1-0.25m 3 / The input coefficient of human and biological substrate is 20~30Kg/m 3 and the coefficient of wetland area is 1~2.5m 2 /person, etc., which significantly improves the sewage treatment effect, and has strong operability and good popularization and application.
2、本发明以天然生物基质材料(稻草、麦秆及玉米杆)为原材料,来源丰富、价格低廉, 是可再生且环境友好的天然材料,在处理过程中天然生物基质材料可直接被分解,无需后期 处理,从而增加了稻草、麦秆及玉米杆等大宗作物秸秆废弃物的处理和利用途径,避免环境 污染,具有良好的应用前景。2. The present invention uses natural biological matrix materials (rice straw, wheat straw and corn stalk) as raw materials, which are rich in sources and low in price, and are renewable and environmentally friendly natural materials, and the natural biological matrix materials can be directly decomposed in the treatment process, No post-processing is required, thereby increasing the treatment and utilization approaches of straw, wheat straw, corn stalk and other bulk crop straw waste, avoiding environmental pollution, and having a good application prospect.
3、本发明的结构简单,操作方便,湿地消纳系统可由一个或多个野外排水沟渠、自然或 者新开挖的坑塘组建而成,适用于农村分散性特点,持久耐用,处理效果好,具有很强的实 用性和广泛的适用性。3. The structure of the present invention is simple, the operation is convenient, and the wetland absorption system can be formed by one or more field drainage ditches, natural or newly excavated pits, and is suitable for the characteristics of rural dispersion, durability and good treatment effect. It has strong practicability and wide applicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明用于农村分散型餐厨污水处理系统的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention for a rural decentralized kitchen sewage treatment system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples.
本发明实施例提供了一种用于农村分散型餐厨污水处理系统,如图1所示其结构示意图, 包括基质强化处理系统和湿地消纳系统,所述基质强化处理系统包括通过连通管道依次首尾 串联的沉淀池和3个生物基质处理单元,所述沉淀池与餐厨污水排放管道连通,所述生物基 质处理单元内设有可自然降解的生物基质填料,所述沉淀池和生物基质处理单元的底部及侧 壁均为不透水结构,所述基质强化处理系统通过连通管道与湿地消纳系统相连,所述湿地消 纳系统包括通过连通管道依次相连的3个生态湿地。An embodiment of the present invention provides a rural decentralized kitchen sewage treatment system, as shown in FIG. 1 , its structural schematic diagram includes a matrix strengthening treatment system and a wetland storage system, and the matrix strengthening treatment system A sedimentation tank and 3 biological matrix treatment units connected in series at the beginning and end, the sedimentation tank is connected with the kitchen sewage discharge pipeline, the biological matrix treatment unit is provided with a naturally degradable biological matrix filler, and the sedimentation tank and biological matrix treatment The bottom and side walls of the unit are both impermeable structures, the matrix strengthening treatment system is connected to the wetland absorption system through a communication pipeline, and the wetland absorption system includes three ecological wetlands connected in sequence through the communication pipeline.
上述技术方案的原理及效果在于:通过系统首先通过沉淀处理,使污水中的不可溶性物 体沉淀和厌氧处理。然后通过多个生物基质处理单元吸收和降解污水中氮磷及污油,最后通 过湿地消纳系统,进一步吸收和消纳污水的污染物,在去除污水中氮磷的同时也可以高效的 去除动植物油污,完成餐厨污水的生态处理。The principle and effect of the above-mentioned technical scheme are: through the system, the insoluble substances in the sewage are precipitated and anaerobic treated by precipitation treatment. Then through multiple biological matrix treatment units to absorb and degrade nitrogen, phosphorus and dirty oil in the sewage, and finally through the wetland absorption system to further absorb and absorb the pollutants in the sewage. Vegetable oil pollution, complete the ecological treatment of kitchen sewage.
实施例Example
本实例来源于浙江一个农家乐污水处理场所。该农家乐日接待就餐游客高峰时约100人。 在污水处理设施建设前,该农家乐餐厨污水混合生活污水没做任何处理,通过下水道直排环 境,对周边水环境污染很大。由于周边缺乏可用的沟渠和自然坑塘,该污水处理设施在荒弃 土地上新建而成。This example comes from a farmhouse sewage treatment site in Zhejiang. The farmhouse receives about 100 dining tourists at peak times. Before the construction of the sewage treatment facility, the farmhouse's kitchen sewage mixed with domestic sewage was not treated, and was directly discharged into the environment through the sewers, causing great pollution to the surrounding water environment. Due to the lack of available ditches and natural pits in the surrounding area, the sewage treatment facility was newly constructed on abandoned land.
用于餐厨污水的处理系统包括基质强化处理系统和湿地消纳系统,所述基质强化处理系 统包括通过连通管道依次首尾串联的沉淀池和多个生物基质处理单元,所述沉淀池与餐厨污 水排放管道连通,所述生物基质处理单元内充填可自然降解的生物基质填料,所述沉淀池和 生物基质处理单元的底部及侧壁均为不透水结构,所述生物基质处理单元的池壁上设置有多 个插口,所述插口按矩形阵列均布,且对应池壁上的插口对应设置,所述对应插口之间设置 有阻挡杆。所述相邻插口在水平方向间隔1.0m,所述相邻插口在垂直方向间隔0.3m。所述基 质强化处理系统通过连通管道与湿地消纳系统相连,所述湿地消纳系统包括通过连通管道依 次相连的一级生态湿地、二级生态湿地和三级生态湿地,且湿地消纳系统的上部种有植被, 所述三级生态湿地连接有净水池,所述净水池通过净水输出管道将净水池内的水体进行输出。The treatment system for kitchen sewage includes a matrix-enhanced treatment system and a wetland storage system. The matrix-enhanced treatment system includes a settling tank and a plurality of biological matrix treatment units that are connected in series through communicating pipes. The sewage discharge pipeline is connected, the biological matrix treatment unit is filled with naturally degradable biological matrix filler, the bottom and side walls of the sedimentation tank and the biological matrix treatment unit are all impermeable structures, and the pond wall of the biological matrix treatment unit A plurality of sockets are arranged on the top, the sockets are evenly distributed in a rectangular array, and are correspondingly arranged corresponding to the sockets on the pool wall, and blocking rods are arranged between the corresponding sockets. The adjacent sockets are separated by 1.0m in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent sockets are separated by 0.3m in the vertical direction. The matrix strengthening treatment system is connected with the wetland absorption system through the communication pipeline, and the wetland absorption system includes the first-level ecological wetland, the second-level ecological wetland and the third-level ecological wetland connected in sequence through the communication pipeline, and the wetland absorption system is Vegetation is planted on the upper part, and the tertiary ecological wetland is connected with a water purification pool, and the water purification pool outputs the water body in the purification pool through a water purification output pipeline.
1.1基质强化处理系统建设面积1.1 Construction area of matrix strengthening treatment system
基质强化处理系统的总面积公式:The formula for the total area of the matrix strengthening treatment system:
SA=N*Vs*D/Hs (1)S A =N*V s *D/H s (1)
式中,SA是基质强化处理系统总建设面积(m2);N是日最高就餐人数;Vs是单个游客的基质强化处理系统容积系数,取值为0.1~0.25m3;D是污水在基质强化处理系统中停留时 间;Hs是基质强化处理系统的最高水位。In the formula, S A is the total construction area of the matrix intensified treatment system (m 2 ); N is the daily maximum number of diners; Vs is the volume coefficient of the matrix intensified treatment system of a single tourist, ranging from 0.1 to 0.25 m 3 ; Residence time in the matrix-enhanced treatment system; Hs is the highest water level in the matrix-enhanced treatment system.
鉴于最大就餐人数N为100人、污水负荷高峰集中在湿地植物生长旺盛的夏季而其它时 间短排放不高,基质强化处理系统容积系数Vs取均值0.18m3,污水在基质强化处理系统的 水力停留时间D取值7d,基质池最高水位Hs取值2.5m。按公式(1),计算出基质强化处理 系统建设面积SA为50.4m2。Considering that the maximum number of diners N is 100, the peak of sewage load is concentrated in the summer when the wetland plants grow vigorously, and the discharge is not high at other times. The residence time D was set to 7d, and the maximum water level Hs of the matrix pool was set to be 2.5m. According to formula (1), the construction area SA of the matrix strengthening treatment system is calculated to be 50.4m 2 .
1.2沉淀池和生物基质处理单元面积和建设要求1.2 Area and construction requirements of sedimentation tank and biological matrix treatment unit
沉淀池和各生物基质处理单元之间用直径5cm的PVC管道连通,餐厨污水通过餐厨污 水排放管道首先流进沉淀池再依次自流出生物基质处理单元。且各池的进水口设置在一侧壁 的底部,出水口设置在另一侧壁的顶部,使所述各池的出水口和进水口沿对角线布设。沉淀 池和生物基质池的底部和侧壁皆用水泥硬化处理,顶部硬化密封但留有一个直径60cm的工 作井口。工程运行期间,各基质池井口用井盖封闭。The sedimentation tank and each biological matrix treatment unit are connected by PVC pipes with a diameter of 5 cm. The kitchen sewage first flows into the sedimentation tank through the kitchen sewage discharge pipe, and then flows out of the biological matrix treatment unit in turn. And the water inlet of each pool is arranged at the bottom of one side wall, and the water outlet is arranged at the top of the other side wall, so that the water outlet and water inlet of each pool are arranged diagonally. The bottom and side walls of the sedimentation tank and the biological matrix tank are hardened with cement, and the top is hardened and sealed but a working wellhead with a diameter of 60 cm is left. During the operation of the project, the wellhead of each matrix pool is closed with a well cover.
由于基质强化处理系统由1个沉淀池和3个生物基质处理单元首尾串联组成,按照1:4 的面积比设置沉淀池和生物基质处理单元建设面积比配置,即沉淀池面积为10.1m2;3个生 物基质处理单元规格大小一致,单体面积约为13.4m2。Since the matrix strengthening treatment system consists of a sedimentation tank and three biological matrix treatment units in series, the area ratio of the sedimentation tank and the biological matrix treatment unit is set according to the area ratio of 1:4, that is, the area of the sedimentation tank is 10.1m 2 ; The size of the three biological matrix treatment units is the same, and the unit area is about 13.4m 2 .
1.3生物基质投放量1.3 Amount of biological matrix
生物基质的投加量公式:The dosage formula of biological matrix:
W=V*Ps (2)W=V*P s (2)
式中,W是生物基质处理单元投放的秸秆总量(kg);V是基质强化处理系统总容积;Ps是单位体积污水秸秆投放系数,取值20~30Kg/m3。In the formula, W is the total amount of straw put in by the biological matrix treatment unit (kg); V is the total volume of the matrix enhanced treatment system; P s is the straw putting coefficient per unit volume of sewage, which is 20-30Kg/m 3 .
鉴于污水处理工程所在地是水稻种植区,稻草秸秆丰富,故生物基质处理单元选用稻草 作为基质池填料。单位体积污水生物基质投放系数Ps取值25kg/m3,基质强化处理系统总容 积V为126m3(50.4m2×2.5m),按公式(2)计算出稻草总投入量W为3150kg。其中,稻草投 放频率按3次/年,每次投放量为总量的1/3,即1050kg。In view of the fact that the sewage treatment project is located in the rice planting area and the straw is abundant, the biological matrix treatment unit selects the straw as the filler of the matrix pool. The unit volume sewage biological matrix input coefficient P s is 25kg/m 3 , the total volume V of the matrix strengthening treatment system is 126m 3 (50.4m 2 × 2.5m), and the total input amount of straw W is 3150kg calculated according to formula (2). Among them, the frequency of straw feeding is 3 times per year, and the amount of each feeding is 1/3 of the total amount, that is, 1050kg.
1.4湿地消纳系统参数及建设要求1.4 Parameters and construction requirements of wetland absorption system
湿地消纳系统的总面积公式:The formula for the total area of the wetland absorption system:
Sp=N*PA (3)Sp = N*P A (3)
式中,Sp是湿地消纳系统总面积(m2),N是日最高就餐人数;PA是单个就餐游客湿地建设面积系数,取值1~2.5m2。In the formula, Sp is the total area of the wetland absorption system (m 2 ), N is the daily maximum number of diners; P A is the wetland construction area coefficient of a single dining visitor, ranging from 1 to 2.5m 2 .
鉴于最大就餐人数N为100人、污水负荷高峰集中在湿地植物生长旺盛的夏季而其它时 间短排放不高,湿地建设面积系数PA取1m2。按公式(3)计算出生态湿地总建设面积Sp为 100m2。Considering that the maximum number of diners N is 100, the peak sewage load is concentrated in the summer when the wetland plants grow vigorously, and the discharge is not high at other times, the wetland construction area coefficient P A is taken as 1 m 2 . According to formula (3), the total construction area Sp of ecological wetland is calculated as 100m 2 .
一级生态湿地、二级生态湿地和三级生态湿地首尾串联模式进行布设,用PVC管道连通, 各级生态湿地的进水口设置在一侧壁的底部,出水口设置在另一侧壁的顶部,使所述各池的 出水口和进水口沿对角线布设。一级生态湿地、二级生态湿地和三级生态湿地的面积比为 3:3:4,即一级生态湿地30m2、二级生态湿地30m2、三级生态湿地40m2。The first-level ecological wetlands, the second-level ecological wetlands and the third-level ecological wetlands are arranged in series mode, connected by PVC pipes. The water inlet of each level of ecological wetland is set at the bottom of one side wall, and the water outlet is set at the top of the other side wall. , so that the water outlets and water inlets of the pools are arranged diagonally. The area ratio of the first-grade ecological wetland, the second-grade ecological wetland and the third-grade ecological wetland is 3:3:4, that is, the first-grade ecological wetland is 30m 2 , the second-grade ecological wetland 30m 2 , and the third-grade ecological wetland 40m 2 .
1.5生态湿地植物配置要求1.5 Requirements for the configuration of ecological wetland plants
一级生态湿地、二级生态湿地和三级生态湿地的上部分别种植梭鱼草(大型挺水植物)、 铜钱草(小型挺水植物)及狐尾藻(浮水植物),种植密度上,梭鱼草8株/m2,铜钱草25株 /m2,狐尾藻茎叶6kg/m2。The upper parts of the first-class ecological wetland, the second-class ecological wetland and the third-class ecological wetland are planted with barracuda (large emergent plants), copper buckwheat (small emergent plants) and foxtail algae (floating plants). 8 strains/m 2 of fish grass, 25 strains/m 2 of Corydalis chinensis, and 6kg/m 2 of stalks and leaves of Lexus chinensis.
将本实施例餐厨污水处理系统对该农家乐的污水处理效果的水质进行了为期1年的监测, 结果如表1所示。The water quality of the sewage treatment effect of the farmhouse was monitored for a period of one year by the kitchen sewage treatment system of this embodiment, and the results are shown in Table 1.
表1Table 1
从表1可以看出,该餐厨污水进水中污染物指标COD、总氮、氨氮、总磷和动植物油平 均含量分别为114.9mg/L、28.2mg/L、24.8mg/L、5.29mg/L、13.1mg/L,处理后出水中各污染物指标COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷含量分别为11.8mg/L、3.7mg/L、2.91mg/L、0.48mg/L、1.13mg/L,相应的污染物平均除去率分别为89.3%、86.6%、87.9%、90.8%、91.3%。整体上, 该实例工程污水中COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷污染物处理效果达到国家城镇污水排放的1级A 标准,而污水中动植物油污染物处理效果达到国家城镇污水排放的1级B标准。It can be seen from Table 1 that the average contents of pollutant indicators COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and animal and vegetable oils in the kitchen sewage influent are 114.9mg/L, 28.2mg/L, 24.8mg/L and 5.29mg, respectively. /L, 13.1mg/L, the contents of COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the effluent after treatment were 11.8mg/L, 3.7mg/L, 2.91mg/L, 0.48mg/L, 1.13mg, respectively /L, the corresponding average removal rates of pollutants were 89.3%, 86.6%, 87.9%, 90.8%, and 91.3%, respectively. On the whole, the treatment effect of COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus pollutants in the sewage of this example project has reached the national level 1 A standard for urban sewage discharge, and the treatment effect of animal and vegetable oil pollutants in the sewage has reached the national urban sewage discharge level 1 B. standard.
综上,本发明对餐厨污水中COD、总氮和总磷具有较好的去除效果,尤其对于含量较高 的动植物污油处理效果较好。To sum up, the present invention has better removal effect on COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in kitchen sewage, especially better treatment effect on animal and plant sewage oil with higher content.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不以本发明为限制,凡在本发明的精神和原 则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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