CN1845925B - 取代的杂环化合物 - Google Patents
取代的杂环化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1845925B CN1845925B CN2004800093759A CN200480009375A CN1845925B CN 1845925 B CN1845925 B CN 1845925B CN 2004800093759 A CN2004800093759 A CN 2004800093759A CN 200480009375 A CN200480009375 A CN 200480009375A CN 1845925 B CN1845925 B CN 1845925B
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Abstract
本发明涉及取代的杂环类化合物、其制备以及其作为药物的用途,尤其是用于治疗炎性疾病,如哮喘或癌症。
Description
本发明涉及取代的杂环化合物、其制备以及其作为药物的用途,尤其是用于治疗炎性疾病,如哮喘或癌症。
多催化性蛋白酶或蛋白酶体是一种高度保守的细胞结构,其负责大部分细胞蛋白质的ATP依赖型蛋白水解。20S(700-kDa)蛋白酶体具有至少五种不同的蛋白水解活性,所述活性具有涉及活性位点的苏氨酸残基的新型作用机制。(Coux,O.,Tanaka,K.and Goldberg,A.1996Ann.Rev.Biochem.65:801-47)
虽然20S蛋白酶包含蛋白水解核心,但是它除非在结构的任一末端与一种19S顶盖复合,而19S自身具有多重ATP酶活性,否则20S在体内无法降解蛋白质。这种较大的结构被称为26S蛋白酶体,其能快速降解已被通过加入多种分子的8.5-kDa多肽(泛素)靶向降解的蛋白质。
现已充分确证,蛋白酶体是一种主要的外溶酶体蛋白水解系统,其参与降解途径,引发众多不同的细胞功能,如细胞分化、抗原加工以及短时调控蛋白的降解,如转录因子、致癌基因产物和细胞周期蛋白(综述Ciechanover,A.1994 Cell 79:13-21)。蛋白酶体的首要功能是催化蛋白水解为小肽。但是,也已证实泛素-蛋白酶体途径可以催化大的无活性前体转化为活性蛋白的受调控的蛋白水解过程。转录因子NF-κB的活化即为最佳证明的一例(Palombella,V.J.,Rando,O.J.,Goldberg,A.L.,and Maniatis,T.1994 Cell 78:773-785)。NF-κB的活性形式为一种由p65和p50亚基组成的异二聚体。p50存在于无活性的前体形式的细胞的细胞溶胶中,即p105,是p50的105-kDa的多肽前体。p105通过泛素-蛋白质酶体水解途径经蛋白水解为p50。另外,水解过的p50和p65作为一种与抑制蛋白质IκB的无活性复合体存在于细胞溶胶中。炎症信号通过激发IκB的完全降解的信号途径,激活NF-κB,同时激发p105转化为p50。因此,NF-κB的信号诱发性活化需要两个均由泛素-蛋白酶体途径调控的蛋白水解的过程。
NF-κB一经激活后,即定位于细胞核上,在该处其对一套明显不同的基因的调控起着关键的作用,所述基因与免疫和炎性反应相关(Grilli等,International Review of Cytology(1993)143:1-62)。例如,炎性反应相关的许多基因的表达需要NF-κB,如TNF-α基因和编码细胞粘附分子E选择蛋白、P选择蛋白、ICAM和VCAM的基因(Collins,T.,Lab.Invest.(1993)68:499)。大多数细胞因子基因的表达也需要NF-κB,如IL-2、IL-6、粒细胞集落刺激因子和IFN-β。诱导型一氧化氮合成酶也受到NF-κB的调控。蛋白酶体抑制剂阻断IκBα降解和NF-κB的活化(Palombella等,WO 95/25533,1995年9月28日公开;Traenckner等EMBO J.(1994)13:5433)。蛋白酶体抑制剂也阻断TNF-α诱导的白细胞粘附分子E选择蛋白、VCAM-1和ICAM-1的表达(Read等,Immunity(1995)2:493)。
蛋白酶体在NF-κB的活化中起重要作用,这一点已得到直接作用于蛋白酶体水解的抑制剂的临床应用的证明。在某些疾病中,活化的NF-κB的正常功能可能对人体健康有害,如在炎性反应中的观察所见。因此,NF-κB活化的抑制剂因其能阻止许多炎症分子(如细胞粘附分子或细胞因子)的分泌,将有可能用于治疗炎性疾病如炎性紊乱,包括例如变应性变态反应,COPD,呼吸道炎症和哮喘,ARDS(急性呼吸窘迫综合征),AIDS,骨关节炎和类风湿性关节炎;炎性肠道疾病,包括溃疡型结肠炎和节段性回肠炎;脓毒症;移植排斥和缺血性或再灌注损伤,包括中风和心肌梗塞。因NF-κB的活化对血管生成也具有重要作用,蛋白酶体抑制剂将有可能用于治疗与异常新生血管化相关的疾病。
起初认为p53为一种癌蛋白,但现已发现其与许多细胞过程相关(综述Ko,L.J.和Proves,C.1996 Genes Dev.10卷:1054-1072)。已表明通过许多不同的刺激的作用,包括DNA损伤、病毒感染和生长因子的损失,p53可诱导若干造血细胞系的凋亡(Oren,M.,1994 Semin.CancerBiol.5,221-227)。但是,明显注意到的是,凋亡也可能以p53无依赖性关系,如通过糖皮质激素的作用诱导。p53的诱导导致细胞周期的G1期的细胞生长停止以及因凋亡而导致细胞死亡。这两种功能都使得p53控制DNA的损伤,从而减少当细胞分化时DNA突变的繁殖。p53通过介导细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂p21,p21接着引发成视网膜细胞瘤基因产物的亚磷酸化(hypophosphorylated)形式的聚集,而使细胞停滞于G1期。现认为,p53作为细胞中的一个关卡,DNA损伤后,它首先导致细胞分化停滞并凋亡。现认为p53的降解通过泛素-蛋白酶体途径,扰乱p53的降解可能会引发凋亡。蛋白酶体抑制剂的另一潜在用途是用于治疗异常细胞增殖引发的疾病。
现充分证明泛素-蛋白酶体途径是调节性破坏细胞周期蛋白的关键,而细胞周期蛋白控制有丝分裂的终结并使细胞进一步进展至细胞周期的下一阶段。由此通过使用蛋白酶体抑制剂抑制细胞周期蛋白的降解而导致生长停滞。因此蛋白酶体抑制剂的另一潜在用途是用于治疗由加速细胞分化所引起的疾病。这些疾病包括癌症、心血管疾病,如心肌炎、心管成形术后再狭窄、肾病如狼疮、多囊性肾病、真菌感染、皮肤病如牛皮癣、异常伤口愈合、瘢痕瘤、免疫性疾病如自身免疫,急性和迟发性过敏症、移植物抗宿主疾病、移植排斥和神经免疫性疾病如多发型硬化症和急性分散性脑脊髓炎。
已发现一些微生物代谢物可抑制蛋白酶体,例如,已报导从链霉菌如TMC-96系(Y.Koguchi等,J.Antibiot.,1999,52,63-65和J.Antibiot.,2000,53:1069-1076)和真菌如TMC-95系(J.Kohno等,J.Org.Chem.,2000,65:990-995)中得到的一些肽类化合物,都作为此靶标的强效抑制剂。含β-内酯部分的非肽类放线菌代谢物或其相应的化学类似物也已被认为与此靶标有密切相关。其中包括WO 02/47610和R.Feling等,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.2003,42:355-357报道的海洋放线菌Salinospora sp.中的Salinosporamides(Salinosporamide A),以及WO 96/32105、WO99/15183和WO 99/09006报道的乳胞素β-内酯。
第十届世界海洋天然产物论坛-冲绳2001报道了SalinosporamideE和Salinosporamide G,2002年9月8-12日第50届药用植物研究协会年会(巴塞罗那,西班牙)也报道了Salinosporamide-A。
Salinosporamide E Salinosporamide G Salinosporamide A ″Salinosporamide-A″
本发明涉及显示对蛋白酶体具有空前强烈抑制活性的新的取代的杂环,以及这些化合物从具有SEQ ID NO:1的链霉菌属的新的放线菌JS360(DSM 15324)中分离的方法,如图5以及所列的序列所公开的。
本发明涉及下式化合物,
其中
R1代表氢、羟基或甲基羰基氧基,
R2代表环己基或环己-2-烯基,
其中环己基可被0至2个羟基取代,以及
R3代表氢或羟基。
本发明化合物也可以以其盐、溶剂合物或其盐的溶剂合物的形式存在。
根据其结构,本发明化合物可存在立体异构形式(对映异构体,非对映异构体)。因此,本发明涉及所述化合物的对映异构体和非对映异构体及其相应的混合物。可通过已知的手段,将这些对映异构体和/或非对映异构体的混合物分离为单一立体化学构型。
根据其结构,本发明还涉及所述化合物的互变异构体。
本发明目标化合物的盐优选为本发明化合物的生理学上可接受的盐。
所述化合物(I)的生理上可接受的盐包括矿物酸、羧酸和磺酸的酸加成盐,如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、萘二磺酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐和苯甲酸盐。
所述化合物(I)的生理上可接受的盐包括与普通碱所成的盐,例如并优选碱金属盐(如钠和钾盐)、碱土金属盐(如钙和镁盐)和由氨或具有1-16个碳原子的有机胺衍生的铵盐,例如并优选乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、乙基二异丙基胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二环己基胺、二甲胺基乙醇、普鲁卡因、联苄胺、N-甲基吗啉、二氢松香胺、精氨酸、赖氨酸、乙二胺和甲基哌啶。
本发明目标化合物的溶剂合物为所述化合物与溶剂分子组合形成固态或液态的复合物的那些溶剂合物。水合物是一种特殊形式的溶剂合物,其是与水复合而成。
附图说明
图1:30升规模JS360菌株的发酵时间曲线。
图2:从30升规模JS360菌株发酵的粗提取物中分离实施例1-7的流程。
图3:制备HPLC后实施例1的HPLC色谱图、HPLC-UV和HPLC-ESILC-MS的光谱图。
图4:实施例1的质子谱图。
图5:SEQ ID NO:1部分16S r DNA,JS360/DSM 15324的部分序列。
图6:显示Salinospora sp.和JS360之间关系的树状图。树状图下方的标尺表示序列间的距离。单位表示取代发生的数目。Salinospora sp.聚集于上分支,而JS360和相似序列聚集于下分支。
图7:带有非氢原子编号的实施例1的Ortep-plot(50%)图。
图8:沿显示极性和非极性层面的a轴和c轴所观察的实施例1的晶体堆积。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)的化合物,其中
R1代表氢或羟基,
R2代表环己基或环己-2-烯基,
其中环己基可被0至2个羟基取代,以及
R3代表氢或羟基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及下式的化合物,
其中
R1、R2和R3具有如上所述的意义。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及式(I)的化合物,例如
(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-双环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-[1-羟基-己基]-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
以及(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(1R)-2-环己烯-1-基甲基]-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-双环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及下式的化合物,
其中
R4代表氢或羟基,
R5代表环己基或环己-2-烯基,
其中环己基可被0至2个羟基取代,
R6代表氢或羟基,以及
R7代表羟基或选自一组下式的取代基,
其中
R8代表氢或甲基,以及
*代表与所述分子的连接位置。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及下式的化合物,
其中
R4代表氢或羟基,
R5代表环己基或环己-2-烯基,
其中环己基可被0至2个羟基取代,
R6代表氢或羟基,以及
R7代表羟基或下式取代基,
其中
R8代表氢或甲基,以及
*代表与所述分子的连接位置。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及下式的化合物,
其中
R4、R5、R6和R7具有如上所述的意义。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及式(II)化合物,例如
(3S,4R)-2-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-3-羟基-4-[1-羟基-己基]-3-甲基-5-氧代-D-脯氨酸
N-乙酰基-S-({(2R,3S,4R)-2-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-2-吡咯烷基}羰基)半胱氨酸
和
N-乙酰基-S-({(2R,3S,4R)-2-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-2-吡咯烷基}羰基)半胱氨酸甲酯。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及链霉菌属的放线菌(具有SEQ IDNO:1/图5及所列的序列)。
在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及
[A]一种合成以下通式的化合物的方法,
其中
R1和R3具有如上所述的意义,
特征在于所述化合物通过从具有SEQ ID NO:1的链霉菌属的放线菌JS360(DSM 15324)中发酵并分离制备,
或者
[B]一种合成以下通式的化合物的方法,
其中
R1和R3具有如上所述的意义,
特征在于所述化合物通过氢化式(Ib)化合物中的双键制备,
或
[C]一种合成以下通式的化合物的方法,
其中
R1和R3具有如上所述的意义,和
所述羟基连接在1或2位碳原子上,
特征在于所述化合物通过式(Ib)化合物的双键的水合制备,
或
[D]一种合成以下通式的化合物的方法,
其中
R1和R3具有如上所述的意义,
特征在于所述化合物通过氧化式(Ib)化合物的双键制备,
或
[E]一种合成以下通式的化合物的方法,
其中
R4、R5和R6具有如上所述的意义,并且
R7代表羟基或下式取代基,
其中
R8具有如上所述的意义,
特征在于所述化合物通过从具有SEQ ID NO:1的链霉菌属的放线菌中发酵并分离制备,
或
[F]一种合成以下通式的化合物的方法,
其中
R4、R5和R6具有如上所述的意义,并且
R7代表选自一组下式的取代基,
特征在于所述化合物通过使下式化合物与硫醇反应制备,
其中
R4、R5和R6具有如上所述的意义。
式(I)包含式(Ib)、(Ic)、(Id)和(Ie)化合物。
式(II)包含式(IIb)、(IIc)和(IId)化合物。
方法[A]和[E]可按照实验部分所述进行或者在深水有氧(submerged aerobic)条件下,在水性营养培养基中使链霉菌种(Streptomyces sp.)JS 360发酵。一般地,所述微生物在含有碳源和蛋白源物质的营养培养基中发酵。优选碳源包括葡萄糖、红糖、蔗糖、甘油、淀粉、卡姆淀粉、乳糖、糊精、糖浆等。优选的氮源包括棉子粉、玉米浆、酵母、带有奶类的自溶性酿酒酵母、豆粉、棉子粒、玉米粉、奶类固体、酪蛋白胰酶解物、发酵固体(distillers’solids)、动物肉胨、肉骨渣等。可优选使用这些碳源和氮源的组合。由于使用自来水和未纯化的成分作为培养机组分,因此不必向发酵培养基中添加痕量的金属,如锌、镁、锰、钴、铁等。
在约23-32℃之间,优选在约28℃下,在传导能满足所述微生物生长的任何温度下,均能诱导所述化合物生成。一般地,发酵约2至6日,优选发酵约4至5天,可获得化合物的最佳产出。发酵过程中,发酵液一般保持在弱至中度酸性,pH 4-4.5下利于发酵终止。最终pH值部分依赖于使用的缓冲液(如果存在)以及部分依赖于所述培养基的起始pH值。灭菌前,将pH调节为约6.5-7.5较有利,优选7.2。
化合物的制备不仅可在摇瓶中也可在固体培养基中以及搅拌的发酵器中进行。当在摇瓶或大容器和罐中进行生长时,优选使用所述微生物的无性繁殖(vegetative)而非芽孢形式接种,从而避免化合物产出的延迟,以及所伴随的对设备使用的不充分。因此,优选通过用等份的土壤或斜面培养物接种水性营养培养基,在该培养基中产生无性繁殖接种体。当已如此获得新鲜有活力的无性繁殖接种体时,即将其无菌转移至其它摇瓶或其它适宜设备中进行微生物发酵。用于产生无性繁殖接种体的培养基和用于产生化合物的培养基可相同或不同,只要其宜于微生物的充分生长即可。
通常采用在搅拌容器中,在深水有氧发酵的条件下,进行链霉菌sp.JS 360的育种以及化合物的发酵和产生。化合物的产出不依赖于所用的容器、发酵器及引酵物程序。通过摇瓶培养亦可获得所述化合物。大量发酵时,优选采用无性繁殖接种体。通过接种带有芽孢形式、菌丝体片断或生物的冻干小球的少量培养基制备所述无性繁殖接种体。然后将所述无性繁殖接种体转移入发酵器中,经过合适的孵育时间,得到最佳收率的化合物。
按照深水有氧培养过程的惯例,将无菌空气分散通过培养基。为使生物充分生长,使用的空气体积的范围为每分钟每培养基体积约0.25-0.5体积空气(vvm)。在常规搅拌机以约240rpm旋转时提供的搅拌下,10升容器的最适速率为约0.3vvm。如起泡严重时,必须向发酵介质中加入少量(即1ml/l)消泡剂,如硅酮。优选的发酵条件和培养基在通用实验方法中给出。
所述化合物存在于发酵的链霉菌sp.JS 360的生物量中,也存在于发酵培养液的培养基滤液中。可通过在压滤机上过滤分离培养液。
可采用各种方法从发酵培养液中分离和纯化所述化合物,例如通过层析吸附方法,然后用适合的溶剂洗脱,柱层析法,分配色谱法和溶剂结晶法,及其各种方法的组合。
在优选的回收方法中,从纯啤酒发酵液(whole beer)、菌丝液或上清液的提取液中提取所述化合物。后者可通过使用吸附树脂如XAD、HP 20或Bayer Lewapol制备。采用柱色谱技术,优选硅胶或改性硅胶,进行初次纯化。化合物的最终纯化优选通过制备高效液相色谱(HPLC)完成。
方法[B]的氢化反应可在催化剂如钯/碳和氢气存在下,在适宜溶剂中,在温度范围0℃至+100℃内,在常压或最高可至3巴的高压下进行。
适宜的溶剂为例如醚类,如乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、二氧六环或四氢呋喃,醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇或叔丁醇,优选甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或四氢呋喃。
方法[C]的水合反应可通过采用例如在四氢呋喃中的二硼烷(B2H6)处理,接着用过氧化氢处理的氧化后处理的硼氢化完成。另外,可发生环氧化,然后通过还原方法开环。所有过程均可在适宜的溶剂中,在温度范围-78℃至+25℃内,在常压或最高可至3巴的高压下进行。
适宜的溶剂为例如四氢呋喃、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚和相关的溶剂。
方法[D]的氧化反应可通过手性或非手性二羟基化的方法,采用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)或四氧化锇(OsO4)进行。当使用叔胺N-氧化物如N-甲基-吗啉-N-氧化物或其它氧化剂如铁氰化钾(K3FeCN6)时,如使用四氧化锇,催化量即可以是充分的。所有过程均在适宜的溶剂中,在温度范围0℃至+100℃内,在常压或最高可至3巴的高压下进行。
适宜的溶剂为加入适量水的醇类,例如,乙醇或叔丁醇。
方法[F]中与硫醇的反应可在碱诸如三乙胺或二异丙基乙胺存在下,在适宜的溶剂中,在温度范围0℃至50℃内,在常压下进行。
适宜的溶剂为例如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二甲基甲酰胺和相关的溶剂。
本发明化合物显示出一种不可预测的、有用的药理学和药动学活性范围。因此它们适用于作为治疗和/或预防人和动物疾病的药物。
本发明化合物因其药理学特性,可单独使用或与其它活性成分联合使用,以提供对下列疾病的有效治疗:急性和慢性炎症过程,如中毒性休克综合征、内毒素休克、肺结核、变应性变态反应、动脉粥样硬化、牛皮癣性关节炎、瑞特氏综合征、痛风、外伤性关节炎、风疹性关节炎和急性滑膜炎、类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、痛风性关节炎和其它关节疾病、脓毒症、败毒性休克、革兰氏阴性脓毒症、脑型疟疾、脑膜炎、缺血性和出血性中风、神经损伤、开放或闭合性脑外伤、矽肺、肺sarcososis、骨再吸收病、骨质疏松症、再狭窄、心、脑和肾再灌注损伤、血栓、肾小球性肾炎、慢性肾衰竭、糖尿病、糖尿病性视网膜病、黄斑退化、移植物抗宿主疾病、自身移植排异、炎性肠道疾病、节段性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、神经退化病、肌肉萎缩、血管增生病、湿疹、接触性皮炎、牛皮癣、晒伤、结膜炎、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、呼吸道炎症、哮喘、发热、牙周病、发烧、阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病以及疼痛,尤其是COPD和哮喘。
本发明化合物也可用于治疗癌症,如卵巢癌或结肠癌、肿瘤生长和转移、自身免疫性疾病、心血管疾病,如心肌炎、血管成形术后的再狭窄、肾病,如狼疮、多囊性肾病、真菌感染、病毒感染,如HIV、细菌感染、皮肤疾病,如牛皮癣、异常伤口愈合、瘢痕瘤、免疫性疾病、如自身免疫性疾病、急性和延迟性过敏症、移植物抗宿主疾病、移植排异和神经免疫性疾病,如多发性硬化症和急性发散性脑脊髓炎。
在其它实施方案中,本发明涉及包含至少一种通式(I)的化合物和药学上可接受的稀释剂的组合物,此组合物在治疗急性和慢性炎症过程或癌症中的用途以及制备此类组合物的方法,所述方法特征在于将通式(I)化合物与常规辅助剂一起制成适合应用的剂型。因此,通式(I)化合物适于制备药物,尤其是治疗急性和慢性炎症过程(特别是COPD)或癌症的药物。
在用于治疗上述疾病时,本发明化合物显示出非全身性或全身性活性,其中优选后者。为获得全身性活性,可以口服或胃肠外给予所述活性化合物,其中优选口服给药方式。为获得非全身性活性,可局部给予所述活性化合物。
对于胃肠外给药,特别适于粘膜给药(如口腔、舌、舌下、直肠、鼻内、肺、结膜或阴道)或体内给药的方式。可以通过避免吸收(如心内、动脉内、静脉内、脊椎内或腰椎内给药)或通过包括吸收(如皮内、皮下、经皮、腹腔或肌肉给药)进行给药。
为了达到以上的目的,可将所述活性化合物以本身方式给药或以剂型方式给药。
口服给药的适用剂型尤其为普通片剂和肠溶包衣片、胶囊、包衣片、丸剂、颗粒剂、小糖丸、散剂、固体和液体喷雾剂、糖浆剂、乳剂、混悬剂和溶液剂。胃肠外给药的合适的给药剂型为注射液和输注液。
在给药剂型中,所述活性化合物浓度可为0.001-100%重量;优选活性化合物浓度为0.5-90%重量,即,足以允许特定剂量范围的量。
以已知方式,采用惰性无毒的药学上适宜的辅助剂,如赋形剂、溶剂、载体、乳化剂和/或分散剂,可将所述活性化合物转化为上述给药形式。
可以提及下列辅助剂,例如:水、固体赋形剂,如天然或合成的矿物(如滑石粉或硅酸盐(silicates))、糖(如乳糖)、无毒有机溶剂,如石蜡、植物油(如芝麻油)、醇类(如乙醇、甘油)、二醇类(如聚乙二醇)、乳化剂、分散剂(如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)和润滑剂(如硫酸镁)。
口服给药时,片剂当然还可以含有诸如柠檬酸钠的添加剂以及诸如淀粉、明胶等的添加剂。还可将增香剂或着色剂加入到口服液体制剂中。
为取得胃肠外给药的良好疗效,一般以约0.001-100mg/kg的给药量为宜,优选约0.01-1mg/kg体重。口服时,该量为约0.01-100mg/kg,优选约0.1-10mg/kg体重。
除此以外,在某些条件下,考虑到如体重、给药途径、对所述活性药物的个体反应差异、制备方法和给药的时间或间隔问题,可能必须偏离所提及的量。在某些情况下,例如使用低于前述下限的量即足够,而在其它情况下,必须使用超出前述上限的量。当使用的量较大时,建议将其分割为每日内的若干单剂量。
除另有说明,以下试验和实施例中的百分数皆为重量百分比;分重量份百分比。液体/液体溶液所报告的溶剂比、稀释比和浓度皆以体积计。
A.实施例
本说明书中使用以下缩写
ACN 乙腈
aq. 水溶液
Bn 苄基
DCI 直接化学电离
DCM 二氯甲烷
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸
ESI 电喷雾电离
FCS 牛胎血清
h 小时
HPLC 高效液相色谱
LC/MS 液相色谱/质谱
min. 分钟
mp 熔点
MS 质谱
NMR 核磁共振光谱
PBS 磷酸盐缓冲液
RP 反相(HPLC)
Rt 保留时间(HPLC)
rt 室温
SDS 十二烷基硫酸钠
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
UV 紫外光
UV/Vis 紫外/可见光
%of th. 理论产率%
通用实验步骤
化学试剂为分析级,购自默克(Darmstadt,德国)或Sigma-Aldrich(Deisenhofen,德国)。NMR谱图采用Bruker DRX 500核磁共振仪(在500.13MHz质子频率下操作)以DMSO-d6为溶剂报道。
HPLC-MS分析采用连接LCT质谱仪(Micromass,Manchester,UK)的Agilent HP1100液相色谱进行,正电子和负电子喷雾离子化(ESI)模式,对前述方法略有修改(M.Stadler等,Phytochemistry,2001,56,787-793)。固定相采用Waters symmetry色谱柱。流动相A:0.1%甲酸的水溶液,流动相B:0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液;梯度:0-1分钟100%A,1-6分钟,至90%B,6-8分钟,至100%B,8-10分钟,100%B。在分子量150-1600之间范围内记录LC-MS谱。
HPLC-UV/Vis分析,根据M.Stadler等,Mycol.Res.,2001,105,1190-1205类似方法进行,采用HP 1100系列分析HPLC系统(Agilent,Waldbronn,德国),该系统包括G 1312A双泵系统、G 1315A二极管阵列检测器、G 1316A柱单元、G 1322A脱气机和G 1313A自动进样器。流动相选择0.01%磷酸/乙腈,静止相采用Merck(Darmstadt,德国)Lichrospher RP 18柱(125x4mm,粒径7μm)。等份样品(代表2-10μg可溶于甲醇物质,根据主代谢物的浓度而定)在40℃下分析,流速1ml/min,采用下列梯度:10分钟内,0%乙腈-100%乙腈的线性梯度,随后无梯度条件100%乙腈洗脱5分钟,之后再生色谱柱5分钟。HPLC-UV色谱图在210nm,参考波长550nm以及带宽80nm下记录。在210-600nm范围内,使用二极管阵列检测器(DAD)记录HPLC-UV/Vis谱图。用HP ChemStation软件自动搜索粗提取物中的校准的内标化合物。
制备型HPLC采用制备型HPLC系统(Gilson Abimed,Ratingen,德国)在室温下,应用下述不同梯度和静止相进行,该系统包括GilsonUnipoint软件、306双泵系统、205流分收集器、119UV-Vis检测器、806压力模件和811C动力混合器。
NMR光谱采用Bruker DMX 500在500.13MHz质子频率下操作记录。所有光谱均在302K下在DMSO-d6溶液中测定。溶剂峰作为质子和碳的化学位移内部参考(δH:2.50,δC:39.5)。
链霉菌sp.JS360菌株的特征与维持
培养基
酵母-麦芽-葡萄糖(YMG)培养基:D-葡萄糖0.4%,麦芽提取物1%,酵母提取物0.4%,pH 7.2。
Q6培养基:D-葡萄糖0.4%,甘油2%,棉子粉1%,自来水,pH7.2。
C培养基:D-葡萄糖1%,酵母提取物1%,NZ胺(SheffieldChemicals,Sheffield,U.K.,LotONA20 2)0.5%,可溶性淀粉2%,无需调节pH。
GS培养基:D-葡萄糖2%,脱脂豆粉(Soyamin 50T,Degussa,Düsseldorf,德国)2%,可溶性淀粉2%,碳酸钙0.5%,氯化钠0.25%,硫酸镁0.05%,磷酸二氢钾0.025%,pH调节至6.5-6.8。
MC培养基:D-葡萄糖1%,酵母提取物0.5%,脱脂豆粉(Soyamin50T,Degussa,Düsseldorf,德国)1%,可溶性淀粉1%,氯化钠0.5%,碳酸钙0.3%,pH调节至7.2(0.1N氢氧化钠溶液)。
MCPM培养基:Diamalt Maltzin hell(Meistermarken GmbH,Bremen,德国)4.5%,NZ胺(Sheffield Chemicals,Sheffield,U.K.,LotONA 20 2)1%,氯化钠0.3%,磷酸二氢钾0.1%,硫酸镁0.05%,硫酸亚铁0.01%,pH 6.8。
MS培养基:甘露醇2%,脱脂豆粉(Soyamin 50T,Degussa,Düsseldorf,德国)2%,碳酸钙0.3%,pH调节至7.5。
SP培养基:甘露醇3%,酵母提取物0.75%,可溶性淀粉0.2%,豆蛋白胨(Merck,Darmstadt,德国#107212.0500)0.5%,pH调节至6.0(盐酸调节)。
JS360菌株从日本土壤样品中采集得到。保存于Bayer AG培养物保藏中心(Wuppertal,德国),在10%甘油中,液氮条件下保存。也保藏于DSMZ(Deutsche Sammlung für Mikroorganismen und Zellkultured,Mascheroder Weg 1b,d-38124 Braunschweig,Germany)(戈特弗里德--威廉--菜布尼茨科学联合会,德国微生物保藏和细胞培养中心1b,D-38124布伦瑞克,德国),2002年11月27日,保藏号(designation number)DSM 15324。
菌种鉴定
JS360菌株的形态学、培养和生理学特征表明该菌株属于链霉菌属中未描述过的菌株。
形态学
在28℃培养12天后,在YMG培养基中JS360菌株的单一菌落直径达到24mm。菌落长成白色绒毛状产气菌丝体,而底层菌丝体为奶油状。培养基背面呈红棕色,一种红色色素释放到培养基中。16S rDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)序列测定
为进一步确定JS360菌株在其分类学中的位置,对16S rDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)序列进行比较。因此,应用与Mincer TJ,Jensen PR,Kaufmann CA,Fenical W.2002.Appl.Environ.Microbiology 60(10)5005-5011类似的方法,采用引物41f和1486r-P(未发表),应用标准热曲线,在退火温度50℃下,对DNA提取物和16S rRNA基因的主要部分的序列进行PCR扩增。采用制造商提供的方案,用DNA结合顺磁paramagnetic珠(Mag Prep PCR Clean Up Kit,Tecan Schweiz AG,Hornbrechtikon,瑞士)纯化扩增产物。
应用Thermo Sequenase Cy5.5 Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit(热序列酶Cy5.5染料终止循环测序试剂盒)(Amersham Biosciences)、引物41f以及LI-COR 4200基因分析仪(LI-COR Inc.Lincoln,Nebraska,USA),通过循环测序得到核苷酸序列。使用欧洲生物信息中心(EBI)在线(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/fasta33/)服务提供的FASTA软件进行对与已经确定的序列相似的序列和最佳匹配的序列对比的搜寻。从用于输入的LASERGENE软件(DNASTAR Inc,Madison,Wisconsin,USA)的MegAlign模块的数据库中获得显示最佳匹配的序列。同时考虑了Mincer等.,Appl.Environm.Microbiol.,2002,68,5005-5011公开的Salinospora sp.的序列。
使用以下的核苷酸序列进行比较:
从JS360菌株中得到大约240个碱基的序列(图5)。将此序列用于输入FASTA中,寻找EMBL数据库中的相似序列。发现该序列与链霉菌成员的16S rRNA序列高度相关。这三个最佳匹配中有两个分别是从土壤和蚯蚓中分离得到的未命名的链霉菌株,而另一个为朱红链霉菌(Streptomyces cinnabarinus)株。这三个序列与JS360中得到的序列之间的相似度为91%。在此数据库中未找到相同序列。将JS360序列和这三个最相似的序列以及Salinospora菌株的6个序列进行序列对比(聚类法(clustal method))。从该序列对比中,构建一种表明种属关系的树状图。发现Salinospora sp.和包括JS360的组别之间的明显区别(图6)。结果表明JS360与Salinospora spp.明显不同。从该菌株与部分16SrDNA序列的对比得出结论,该菌株属于链霉菌属。
JS360菌株的发酵和提取
1.菌种培养
用2ml 10%甘油培养物接种于含有150ml无菌YMG培养基的1升锥形瓶中,在28℃下,以240rpm速度,在旋转震荡器中培养72-96小时。
2.烧瓶规模的JS360菌株的发酵
将生长良好的YMG菌种培养物接种(2ml接种体/瓶),然后将JS360菌株在10个含有150ml Q6培养基(见上文)的1升锥形瓶中培养,之后在28℃下,以240rpm速度,在旋转震荡器中培养118小时。发酵期间,每日提取样本。测定pH值,采用Bayer DiastixHarnzuckerstreifen检测游离葡萄糖。通过离心(10min,3000xg),从该流体中分离湿菌丝体,用2升丙酮提取。将丙酮真空蒸发(40℃)。将残余的水溶性残液用水稀释至500ml,然后用等量乙酸乙酯萃取3次。合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,真空蒸发(40℃),得到830mg粗提取物,然后用于如下所述的制备型HPLC中(分离)。
将培养液加入到含有500ml Bayer Lewapol CA 9225树脂的吸附柱上,用1升水漂洗。将该柱用1.5升丙酮∶甲醇4∶1洗脱。真空蒸发溶剂(40℃)。将残余的水溶性残液用水稀释至500ml,然后用等量乙酸乙酯萃取3次。合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,真空蒸发(40℃),得到650mg粗提取物,然后用于如下所述的制备型HPLC中(分离)。
3.30升规模的JS360菌株的发酵(搅拌发酵器)
将含有30升Q6培养基的40升Biostat P发酵器(BraunBioengeneering,Melsungen,德国)就地灭菌(在121℃及1.1巴下1小时),然后用2份已培养了76小时的生长良好的150ml YMG菌种培养物接种。在搅拌(240rpm)和通气(0.3vvm)下,使该产物培养物生长。测定pH值,采用Bayer Diastix Harnzuckerstreifen检测游离葡萄糖。另外,将此发酵器装备一个Braun氧气电极以测量培养液的氧饱和度。在无菌条件下,采集50ml样本并用等量乙酸乙酯萃取,制备的粗提取物,用HPLC分析监测实施例1。在发酵过程中,也通过HPLC-MS检测实施例2-5和7,但在天然粗提取物中不能检测到,原因是在产量太小,并且所用的HPLC系统中与具有类似保留时间的其它代谢物同时洗脱出来。该乙酸乙酯萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发至干,再溶于甲醇中,采用通用实验步骤中所述的HPLC-UV系统进行分析。图1绘出在30升Q6培养基中JS360发酵的典型的时间曲线。当随氧饱和度值降低而培养基完全饱和时,pH值降至大约4.5。在培养基中的游离葡萄糖被消耗后,在发酵约60小时左右,应用分析HPLC方法检测实施例1的产物,114小时后达到峰值。此时收集培养物,原因是观察到了随后的实施例1降解现象。收集培养物后,通过离心(10min,3000xg),从菌丝体中分离该流体,加入装填BayerLewapol CA 9225吸附树脂的柱上,用5升水漂洗。然后将该柱用6升丙酮∶甲醇4∶1洗脱。真空(40℃)蒸发洗脱液,得到一种水溶性残留物,用水稀释至1升,然后用1升乙酸乙酯萃取3次。将有机相合并,经硫酸钠干燥,真空蒸发(40℃)。然后将得到的提取物(22.7g)用于如下所述的制备型HPLC中(分离)。
将菌丝体每次用5升丙酮萃取3次,真空(40℃)蒸发丙酮,得到一种水溶性残留物,用水稀释至1升,然后用1升乙酸乙酯萃取3次。将有机相合并,经硫酸钠干燥,真空蒸发(40℃)。然后将得到的提取物(13.4g)用于如下所述的制备型HPLC中(分离)。
4.在其它培养基中发酵(烧瓶规模)
为获得实施例1和化学相关代谢物的最佳产量,可在各种其它培养基中培养JS 360菌株。为此,可用类似于在Q6培养基中发酵所述的类似方法(见上文2),进行摇瓶发酵。因此,在28℃下,以240rpm速度,在旋转震荡器上,将含有150ml所述培养基的1升锥形瓶培养至多至118小时。发酵期间,每日提取样本。测定pH值,采用BayerDiastix Harnzuckerstreifen检测游离葡萄糖。将等份的培养液(50ml)用乙酸乙酯萃取。这些乙酸乙酯萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发至干,再溶于甲醇中,采用通用实验步骤中所述的HPLC-UV和HPLC-MS系统进行分析。发酵72-96小时后,比较保留时间和光谱图,在以下的培养基中检出了实施例1和相关化合物:YM培养基、C培养基、GS培养基、MC培养基、MCPM培养基、MS培养基和SP培养基。但是,在Q6和GS培养基中观察到最高产量的实施例1。
实施例1
(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
制备如下。
实施例2
(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-[1-羟基-己基]-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
制备如下。
实施例3
(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(1R)-2-环己烯-1-基甲基]-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮,
制备如下。
实施例4
(3S,4R)-2-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-3-羟基-4-[1-羟基-己基]-3-甲基-5-氧代-D-脯氨酸,
制备如下。
实施例5
N-乙酰基-S-({(2R,3S,4R)-2-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-2-吡咯烷基}羰基)半胱氨酸
制备如下。
实施例6
N-乙酰基-S-({(2R,3S,4R)-2-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-2-吡咯烷基)羰基)半胱氨酸甲酯
制备如下。
实施例7
(3S,4R)-2-[(S)-(1S)-2-环己烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-3-羟基-4-己基-3-甲基-5-氧代-D-脯氨酸
制备如下。
实施例2-7的立体化学以类似于实施例1的结构表示,通过X射线分析确证。
实施例1-7的分离
1.摇瓶发酵得到原料
将各粗提取物(由菌丝体得到620mg以及由培养液得到830mg)溶于5ml甲醇中,通过Bond Elut C18 500mg固相提取柱(Baker,Deventer,荷兰)过滤,然后应用于MZ Analysentechnik(Mainz,德国)Kromasil RP 18柱(粒径,7μm;250x40mm)。采用流动相0.01%TFA:乙腈的梯度洗脱液,流速10ml/min:t=0min,20%乙腈;线性梯度,40分钟由20%升至50%乙腈;此后20分钟内线性梯度,由50%升至100%乙腈;此后75%乙腈无梯度条件洗脱30分钟,此后再生色谱柱。根据210nm的紫外吸收进行合并洗脱部分。实施例1在保留时间(Rt)80-83min洗脱,由菌丝体提取物中得到14mg的量,由培养液提取物中得到1.5mg的量。实施例2-5和7含有极少量中间体,未从该提取物中分离纯化,而实施例6完全未检出。
2.30升规模发酵得到原料
将2.5-3g等份的按如上所述制备的粗提取物(由菌丝体得到13.4g,由培养液得到22.7g)溶于5ml甲醇中,通过Bond Elut C18 500mg固相提取柱(Baker,Deventer,荷兰)过滤,然后应用于MZAnalysentechnik(Mainz,德国)Kromasil RP 18柱(粒径,7μm;250x40mm;作为流动相,采用0.01%TFA:乙腈)。流动相为0.01%TFA:乙腈的梯度洗脱液,流速10ml/min:t=0min,20%乙腈;线性梯度,40分钟由20%至50%乙腈;此后20分钟内线性梯度,由50%至100%乙腈;此后75%乙腈无梯度条件洗脱30分钟,此后再生色谱柱。根据210nm的紫外吸收进行合并洗脱部分。由此得到5个生物活性中间体产物。观察到它们在此梯度系统中的保留时间(Rt)如下:61-64min为中间体产物1(含实施例4和7),65-71min为中间体产物2(含实施例5和6),72-79min为中间体产物3(含实施例2),79-85min为中间体产物4(含实施例1)以及86-93min为中间体产物5(含实施例3)。
中间体产物1-5中活性成分的最终纯化通过制备型反相HPLC进行,采用流速7ml/min,MZ Analysentechnik Inertsil C18柱(7μm;250x30mm)作为静止相,经下列梯度洗脱。无梯度条件,t=0min→t=30min;之后线性梯度,50分钟由30%至100%乙腈;此后100%乙腈无梯度条件洗脱20分钟,此后再生色谱柱。实施例1-6的产量和Rt列于表1中。图2中说明分离的通用流程。
表1
实施例1至7的特征鉴定
采用通用实验步骤中所述的方法,通过HPLC-UV和HPLC-MS检测实施例1-6。它们在分析HPLC系统中的特征鉴定参数列于表2中。图3表示在所用的梯度系统中检测实施例1。根据其相应的分子峰,实施例1、2、4和7得出了结论性结果,而实施例3的LC-MS仅以正离子ESI方式显示分子峰,原因是由于负离子ESI方式失去二氧化碳,观察到较小的主要质量峰(major mass fragment)。对于实施例5和6,在所用的HPLC-MS条件下易形成二聚体,因此LC-MS主信号与这些二聚体相关,而分子峰仅有较弱的信号。这些特征参数也用于鉴别发酵培养液中经分析HPLC的实施例以及鉴别提取、下游处理和色谱层析过程中得到的中间体部分。
表2
通过低分辨率和高分辨率LC-MS光谱和一维和二维NMR(核磁共振)光谱,确定实施例1-7的结构。仪器参数见通用实验步骤。
NMR数据显示环己基环中存在顺式双键。仔细分析HSQC、HMBC和COSY/TOCSY数据,确定了双环结构,该结构与环己烯基甲醇部分一起与Salinosporamide A.中发现的一致。HSQC数据显示各分子中存在至少2个甲基。结合TOCSY和HMBC,鉴定出一个无支链的己基部分。COSY光谱中清晰的交叉峰将此碳链定位于该杂环体系的2位。NMR和MS数据显示实施例7(与实施例1比较)和实施例4(与实施例2比较)构成相应的β-内酯分子的各自断裂形式(seco-forms)。由于碳和质子的化学位移的多重性和特征,使存在于12位(实施例2和4)的另外的羟基(与Salinosporamide A比较)更加明显。
实施例5和6的NMR光谱显示出一整套新的归属于N-乙酰基化半胱氨酸部分的信号。该N-乙酰基-半胱氨酸分别通过前者的β-内酯环的羰基或实施例7的羧基与所述杂环结构相连。通过其羰基化学位移(>200ppm)和关联该半胱氨酸的β-氢的HMBC,确定该硫代酯键。通过指认HMBC和COSY光谱中相应信号,确定半胱氨酸残基内的所有连接。由此可知,实施例5和6的结构与乳胞素的结构类似。
光谱数据
实施例1
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(t),1.28(m),1.29(m),1.23(m),1.40(m),1.45(m),1.47(m),1.54(m),1.58(m),1.68(m),1.74(s),1.80(m),1.90(m),2.29(m),2.41(t),3.65(m),5.47(m),5.73(m),5.81(m),8.92(s).
13C-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=13.8,21.7,21.8,24.2,25.2,26.1,26.8,28.5,30.8,37.3,47.5,69.3,78.4,86.4,127.8,128.6,169.1,174.1.
实施例2
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.88(t),1.27(m),1.29(m),1.35(s),1.37(m),1.49(m),1.58(m),1.59(m),1.71(m),1.75(m),1.93(m),2.35(d),2.76(m),3.49(m),4.00(d),4.68(m),5.70(m),5.91(m),6.11(br,),8.52(s).
13C-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=13.4,21.0,21.4,23.7,24.2,29.6,30.1,31.5,36.1,54.6,69.4,75.0,76.0,76.5,12-7.9,170.9,172.3.
实施例3
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.88(t),1.27(m),1.30(m),1.31(m),1.33(m),1.46(m),1.48(m),1.50(m),1.61(s),1.62(m),1.63(m),1.76(m),1.92(m),2.27(m),2.55(t),5.45(m);5.68(m),8.98(s).
13C-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=13.3,19.6,21.4,24.0,24.2,26.5,28.2,28.5,29.9,30.9,32.5,46.7,74.0,86.1,127.7,130.9,170.4,170.8.
实施例4
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.82(m),1.17(m),1.20(m),1.24(m),1.32(m),1.47(m),1.60(m),1.62(m),1.63(m),1.84(m),2.08(m) 2.44(d),3.68(m),3.80(m),5.60(m),5.76(m).
13C-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=13.1,20.1,20.6,21.0,23.5,23.6,30.5,33.5,37.7,52.7,67.1,73.6,75.2,80.1,126.3,128.6,171.2,176.5.
实施例5
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(m),1.09(m),1.24(m),1.25(m),1.27(m),1.33(m),1.35(m),1.37(m),1.44(m),1.46(m),1.50(m),1.61(m),1.64(m),1.84(s),1.87(m),2.13(m),2.47(t),2.96(m),3.30(m),3.78(m),4:36(m),5.64(m),5.79(m).
13C-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=13.9,20.8,21.7,22.0,22.1,22.2,23.4,24.3,26.8,27.7,28.7,29.2,31.1,38.1,50.3,51.0,75.3,79.7,80.6,127.0,129.3,169.3,178.9,201.2.
实施例6
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(m),1.09(m),1.24(m),1.25(m),1.27(m),1.33(m),1.35(m),1.37(m),1.44(m),1.46(m),1.50(m),1.61(m),1.64(m),1.84(s),1.87(m),2.13(m),2.47(t),3.00(m),3.24(m),3.64(s),3.78(m),4.39(m),5.64(m),5.79(m).
13C-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=13.6,20.8,21.7,22.0,22.1,23.4,24.3,26.8,27.7,28.7,29.3,31.1,38.1,50.3,51.4,51.8,75.3,79.7,80.6,127.0,129.3,169.3,171.0,178.9,201.2.
实施例7
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(t),1.25(m),1.26(m),1.33(m),1.34(m),1.36(m),1.44(m),1.46(s),1.51(m),1.66(m),1.67(m),1.88(m),2.12(m),2.45(t),3.77(d),5.64(m),5.82(m),7.66(s).
13C-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ=13.8,20.3,21.5,21.7,23.3,24.4,26.5,27.9,28.9,31.0,38.5,50.5,74.6,75.5,80.4,127.4,129.7,177.5.
NMR-峰列表的解释:
实施例1:R1=H,R2=OH,实施例2:R1=OH,R2=OH,实施例3:
R1=H,R2=H。
实施例4,实施例5:R8=H,实施例6:R8=CH3,实施例7(立体化学未经NMR确认)。
实施例4 实施例5和6 实施例7
表3a
实施例1-3的化学位移,在500MHz、302K下,在DMSO-d6中测定。
碳 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
C-1 | 174.1 | 172.3 | 170.8 |
C-2 | 47.5 | 54.6 | 46.7 |
C-3 | 86.4 | 76.0<sup>++</sup> | 86.1 |
C-4 | 78.4 | 69.4<sup>++</sup> | 74.0 |
C-5 | 69.3 | 75.0 | 32.5 |
C-6 | 37.3 | 36.1 | 29.9 |
C-7 | 128.6 | 127.9 | 130.9 |
C-8 | 127.8 | 127.9 | 127.7 |
C-9 | 25.2 | 24.2 | 24.0 |
C-10 | 21.7 | 21.0 | 19.6 |
C-11 | 26.1 | 29.6 | 28.2 |
C-12 | 24.2 | 76.5 | 24.2 |
C-13 | 26.8 | 31.5 | 26.5 |
C-14 | 28.5 | 23.7 | 28.5 |
碳 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
C-15 | 30.8 | 30.1 | 30.9 |
C-16 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 21.4 |
C-17 | 13.8 | 13.4 | 13.3 |
C-18 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 21.4 |
C-19 | 169.1 | 170.9 | 170.4 |
++这些共振峰赋值(assignment)可互换。
表3b
实施例4-6的化学位移,在500MHz、302K下,在DMSO-d6中测定。
碳 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
C-1 | 176.5 | 178.9 | 178.9 |
C-2 | 52.7 | 50.3 | 50.3 |
C-3 | 80.1 | 80.6 | 80.6 |
C-4 | 75.2 | 79.7 | 79.7 |
C-5 | 73.6 | 75.3 | 75.3 |
碳 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
C-6 | 37.7 | 38.1 | 38.1 |
C-7 | 128.6 | 129.3 | 129.3 |
C-8 | 126.3 | 127.0 | 127.0 |
C-9 | 23.5 | 24.3 | 24.3 |
C-10 | 20.6 | 21.7 | 21.7 |
C-11 | 23.6 | 26.8 | 26.8 |
C-12 | 67.1 | 23.4 | 23.4 |
碳 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
C-13 | 33.5 | 27.7 | 27.7 |
C-14 | 23.6 | 28.7 | 28.7 |
C-15 | 30.5 | 31.1 | 31.1 |
C-16 | 21.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 |
C-17 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 13.6 |
C-18 | 20.1 | 20.8 | 20.8 |
C-19 | 171.2 | 201.2 | 201.2 |
C-20 | - | 29.2 | 29.3 |
C-21 | - | 51.0 | 51.4 |
C-22 | - | 169.3 | 171.0 |
C-23 | - | 22.2 | 169.3 |
C-24 | - | 22.1 | 22.1 |
C-25 | - | - | 51.8 |
表3c
实施例7的化学位移,在500MHz、302K下,在DMSO-d6中测定。
碳 | 实施例7 |
C-1 | 50.5 |
C-2 | 177.5 |
C-3 | 75.5 |
C-4 | 80.4 |
C-5 | 20.3 |
C-6 | - |
碳 | 实施例7 |
C-7 | 74.6 |
C-8 | 38.5 |
C-9 | 129.7 |
C-10 | 127.4 |
C-11 | 24.4 |
C-12 | 21.5 |
C-13 | 26.5 |
C-14 | 23.3 |
C-15 | 27.9 |
C-16 | 28.9 |
C-17 | 31.0 |
C-18 | 21.7 |
C-19 | 13.8 |
表4a
实施例1-3的化学位移,在500MHz、302K下,在DMSO-d6中测定。
质子 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
H-1 | - | - | - |
H-2 | 2.41t | 2.35d | 2.55t |
H-3 | - | - | - |
H-4 | - | - | - |
H-5 | 3.65m | 3.49m | 1.76m |
H-6 | 2.29m | 2.76m | 2.27m |
质子 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
H-7 | 5.81m | 5.91m | 5.45m |
H-8 | 5.73m | 5.70m | 5.68m |
H-9 | 1.90,1.90m | 1.93,1.93m | 1.92,1.92m |
H-10 | 1.40,1.68m | 1.75,1.49m | 1.46,1.63m |
H-11 | 1.23,1.80m | 1.59,1.71m | 1.33,1.33m |
H-12 | 1.47,1.58m | 4.68m | 1.62,1.50m |
H-13 | 1.45,1.54m | 1.58,1.58m | 1.48,1.48m |
H-14 | 1.29,1.29m | 1.37,1.37m | 1.31,1.31m |
H-15 | 1.28,1.28m | 1.27,1.27m | 1.27,1.27m |
H-16 | 1.28,1.28m | 1.29,1.29m | 1.30,1.30m |
H-17 | 0.87t | 0.88t | 0.88t |
H-18 | 1.74s | 1.35s | 1.61s |
H-19 | - | - | - |
H-N | 8.92s | 8.52s | 8.98s |
H-O-C-5 | 5.47 | 4.00d | - |
H-O-C-12 | - | 6.11(tent.) | - |
表4b
实施例4-6的化学位移,在500MHz、302K下,在DMSO-d6中测定。
质子 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
H-1 | - | - | - |
质子 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
H-2 | 2.44d | 2.47t | 2.47t |
H-3 | - | - | - |
H-4 | - | - | - |
H-5 | 3.68m | 3.78m | 3.78m |
H-6 | 2.08m | 2.13m | 2.13m |
H-7 | 5.76m | 5.79m | 5.79m |
H-8 | 5.60m | 5.64m | 5.64m |
H-9 | 1.84m | 1.87m | 1.87m |
H-10 | 1.62,1.32m | 1.61,1.33m | 1.61,1.33m |
H-11 | 1.63,1.17m | 1.64,1.09m | 1.64,1.09m |
H-12 | 3.80m | 1.46,1.37m | 1.46,1.37m |
H-13 | 1.60m | 1.50,1.35m | 1.50,1.35m |
H-14 | 1.32,1.20m | 1.24m | 1.24m |
H-15 | 1.20m | 1.25m | 1.25m |
H-16 | 1.24m | 1.27m | 1.27m |
H-17 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.87 |
H-18 | 1.47 | 1.44 | 1.44 |
H-19 | - | - | - |
H-20 | - | 3.30,2.96m | 3.24,3.00m |
H-21 | - | 4.36m | 4.39m |
质子 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
H-22 | - | - | - |
H-23 | - | - | - |
H-24 | - | 1.84s | 1.84s |
H-25 | - | - | 3.64s |
表4c
实施例7的化学位移,在500MHz、302K下,在DMSO-d6中测定。
质子 | 实施例7 |
H-1 | 2.45t |
H-5 | 1.46s |
H-7 | 3.77d |
H-8 | 2.12m |
H-9 | 5.82m |
H-10 | 5.64m |
H-11 | 1.88,1.88m |
H-12 | 1.36,1.66m |
H-13 | 1.67,1.25m |
H-14 | 1.34,1.44m |
H-15 | 1.33,1.51m |
H-16 | 1.25m |
H-17 | 1.25m |
质子 | 实施例7 |
H-18 | 1.26m |
H-19 | 0.86t |
N-H | 7.66s |
高分辨质谱
实施例1:ESI-;质量实测值:334.1977,计算值:334.2014(对应于分子式C19H28NO4的4.1mDa的偏差)
实施例2:ESI-;质量实测值:350.1968,计算值:350.1967(对应于分子式C19H28NO5的0.1mDa的偏差)
实施例3:ESI+;质量实测值:276.2388,计算值:276.2327(对应于分子式C18H30NO的6.1mDa的偏差)。在此,在ESI条件下,仅能观察到片断(M-CO2)。
实施例4:ESI+;质量实测值:368.2107,计算值:368.2073(对应于分子式C19H31NO6的3.3mDa的偏差)
实施例5:ESI-;质量实测值:497.2322,计算值:497.2321(对应于分子式C24H38N2O7S的0.0mDa的偏差)
实施例6:ESI-;质量实测值:511.2594,计算值:511.2478(对应于分子式C25H40N2O7S的11.6mDa的偏差)
实施例7:ESI+;质量实测值:354.2268,计算值:354.2280(对应于分子式C19H32NO5的1.3mDa的偏差)
实施例1的单晶X-射线结构分析和绝对构型的确认
通过在46℃下,缓慢蒸发在丙醇/双丙酮醇(97∶3)的饱和溶液来结晶几种实施例1的晶体。采用Cukα-射线作为X射线源,在-183.5℃下,从一体积为0.30x0.20x0.03mm2的适宜晶体上,收集全套数据。用手性空间群P212121(见图7),在一个斜方晶胞中获得结构提议。该晶胞具有特别长轴,并且包含12个独立的具有相同手性的实施例1的分子。所有分子表现不同的构型。这些分子在极性和非极性层面堆积(见图8)。极性的单层在二维平面上通过氢键联接。因此,确定实施例1的绝对构型为R(C2);S(C4);R(C5);S(C6);S(C7),Flack参数为0.0,其标准差为0.2(H.-D.Flack,Acta Cryst,1983,A39,876-881)。正确的期望值是0(3个esd’s以内),而相反绝对构型的期望值是+1。
实施例1的X射线结构中手性中心的数目:
X射线分析的数据采集:测量采用Bruker-Nonius衍射仪进行,该衍射仪配备有Proteum CCD面积检测器,FR591 Cukα射线旋转阳极,Montel镜作为单色器,以及Kryoflex低温装置(T=90K)。测量的角度范围从4.69-54.33°。采集205845个反射映像,其中26995个是独立的(Rint=0.1073)。全球面数据采集,进行ω和扫描。采用的程序:数据采集Proteum V.1.37(Bruker-Nonius 2002),数据还原Saint Plus版本1.6(Bruker-Nonius 2002)和吸收值修正SADABS V 2.03(2002)。
结构解析和精修:SHELXTL版本6.10(Sheldrick 2000,University ofGoettingen,Germany);21119Fo>4sig(Fo),2629个精修参数,R1=0.0796,wR2=0.1892,适合度F2=1.083,Flack参数0.0(2),最大残留电子密度0.464(-3.14)e
化合物的制备方法
液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS):Micromass platform LC,ShimadzuPhenomenex ODS色谱柱(4.6mmΦX 30mm),流动相∶乙腈-水(9∶1至1∶9),流速1ml/min。质谱采用电喷雾(ES)电离技术获得。
质量确定:Finnigan MAT MAT95
熔点未校正。
1H NMR光谱采用Bruker DRX-300(300MHz对1H)光谱仪或Brucker 500 UltraShieledTM(500MHz对1H)纪录。化学位移以内标四甲基硅烷(TMS)为0位移(ppm)的百万分之几(ppm)报告。偶合常数(J)以赫兹表示,缩写s、d、t、q、m和br,分别表示单峰、双峰、三重峰、四重峰、多重峰和宽峰。
TLC采用预先包被的硅胶板(默克硅胶60F-254)进行。所有柱层析分离均使用硅胶(WAKO-胶C-200(75-150μm)。所有化学试剂均为试剂级,购自Sigma-Aldrich、Wako pure chemical industries,Ltd.,英国、Tokyo kasei kogyo,Co.,Ltd.、Nacalai tesque,Inc.、Watanabe Chemical,Ind.Ltd.、Maybridge plc,Lancaster Synthesis Ltd.、Merck KgaA,德国或者Kanto Chemical Co.,Ltd。
所有起始原料均为可购商品或可采用文献引用的方法制备。
实施例1
1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
室温下,向2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-甲酸(实施例7)(130mg,0.37mmol)的二氯甲烷(10ml)溶液中,加入三乙胺(0.15ml,1.1mmol)和BOPCl(140mg,0.55mmol)。搅拌1小时后,向其中加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20ml),然后将有机层用乙酸乙酯萃取,用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥。浓缩后,残留物经柱层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物(98mg,79%)。
mp:157℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.56min,m/z=336(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(3H,t,J=7.0Hz),1.10-1.70(13H,m),1.74(3H,s),1.82(1H,m),1.92(2H,m),2.29(1H,m),2.41(1H,d,J=5.8Hz),3.66(1H,t,J=8.9Hz),5.49(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),5.70(1H,m),5.80(1H,d,J=11.5Hz),8.91(1H,s).
实施例2
1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-(1-羟基-己基)-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
室温下,向2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-3-羟基-4-(1-羟基-己基)-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-甲酸(实施例4)(239mg,0.65mmol)的二氯甲烷(14ml)溶液中,加入三乙胺(0.27ml,1.9mmol)和BOPC1(247mg,0.97mmol)。搅拌1小时后,向其中加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(20ml),然后将有机层用乙酸乙酯萃取,用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥。浓缩后,残留物经柱层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物(92mg,40%)。
mp:144℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.55min,m/z=352(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(3H,t,J=7.0Hz),1.17-1.33(6H,m),1.46-1.52(3H,m),1.77(3H,s),1.54-1.86(3H,m),1.92(2H,m),2.29(1H,m),2.57(1H,d,J=5.7Hz),3.65(1H,t,J=8.8Hz),3.92(1H,m),4.77(1H,d,J=3.8Hz),5.48(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),5.72(1H,m),5.80(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),9.07(1H,s).
实施例8
1-(环己基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮
向1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例1)(100mg,0.3mmol)和10%Pd-C(5mg)在二氯甲烷(2ml)中的混悬液中小心通入氢气。室温下搅拌3小时后,过滤除去催化剂。残留物经柱层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯=4/1),得到产物(50mg,50%)。
mp:167℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.73min,m/z=338(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(3H,t,J=6.9Hz),0.90-1.35(12H,m),1.73(3H,s),1.40-1.86(9H,m),2.40(1H,t,J=7.6Hz),3.67(1H,t,J=7.9Hz),5.23(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),8.85(1H,s).
实施例9
乙酸(1S)-环己-2-烯-1-基[(1R,4R,5S)-4-己基-5-甲基-3,7-二氧代-6-氧杂-2-氮杂二环[3.2.0]庚-1-基]甲酯
室温下,将(1R,4R,5S)-1-[(1S)-环己-2-烯-1-基(羟基)甲基]-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例1)(8.3mg,0.025mmol)和乙酸酐(2.78mg,0.027mmol)的吡啶(0.002ml)混合液搅拌18小时。然后,将混合物用甲苯稀释,减压浓缩,得到乙酸(1S)-环己-2-烯-1-基[(1R,4R,5S)-4-己基-5-甲基-3,7-二氧代-6-氧杂-2-氮杂二环[3.2.0]庚-1-基]甲酯(9.00mg,96%)。
MS:m/z=378(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(3H,t,J=7.0Hz),1.22-1.34(6H,m),1.40-1.85(8H,m),1.70(3H,s),1.85-2.02(3H,m),2.07(3H,s),2.67(1H,dd,J=8.0,5.5Hz),5.19(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),5.41(1H,dd,J=10.5,2.1Hz),5.74(1H,m),8.17(1H,s).
实施例10
2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-硫代羧酸S-苄酯
室温下,向1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例1)(30mg,0.09mmol)和三乙胺(37μl,0.27mmol)的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液中加入氢硫化苄(0.1ml)。搅拌4小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(25mg,61%)。
mp:138℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.92min,m/z=460(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(3H,t,J=6.9Hz),0.98(1H,m),1.46(3H,s),1.12-1.58(13H,m),1.81(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.43(1H,m),3.79(1H,t,J=6.5Hz),4.00(1H,d,J=13.8Hz),4.09(1H,d,J=13.8Hz),4.84(1H,s),5.00(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),5.60(1H,m),5.76(1H,d,J=12.0Hz),7.18-7.32(5H,m),8.14(1H,s).
实施例11
2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-硫代羧酸S-(2-乙酰胺基-乙基)酯
室温下,向1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例1)(20mg,0.06mmol)和三乙胺(25μl,0.27mmol)的二氯甲烷(1ml)溶液中加入硫醇(0.05ml)。搅拌1小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用正己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(10mg,37%)。
mp:82℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.38min,m/z=455(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(3H,t,J=6.8Hz),1.09(1H,m),1.44(3H,s),1.19-1.55(11H,m),1.62(2H,m),1.79(3H,m),1.85(2H,m),2.13(1H,m),2.44(1H,m),2.82(2H,m),3.13(2H,m),3.79(1H,t,J=7.0Hz),4.76(1H,s),5.02(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),5.63(1H,m),5.79(1H,d,J=10.1Hz),7.93(1H,m),8.18(1H,s).
实施例12
3-[2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-羰基硫烷基]-丙酸甲酯
室温下,向1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例1)(20mg,0.06mmol)和三乙胺(25μl,0.18mmol)的二氯甲烷(1ml)溶液中加入硫醇(0.05ml)。搅拌4小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(10mg,37%)。
mp:64℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.64min,m/z=456(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(3H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.09(1H,m),1.43(3H,s),1.15-1.54(11H,m)1.61(2H,m),1.86(2H,m),2.12(1H,m),2.44(1H,t,J=5.9Hz),2.56(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),2.95(2H,t,J=7.1Hz),3.60(3H,s),3.77(1H,t,J=7.1Hz),4.76(1H,s),5.01(1H,d,J=7.7Hz),5.63(1H,m),5.78(1H,d,J=11.9Hz),8.18(1H,s).
实施例13
2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-硫代羧酸S-环己基酯
室温下,向1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例1)(20mg,0.06mmol)和三乙胺(83μl,0.6mmol)的二氯甲烷(1ml)溶液中加入硫醇(0.1ml)。搅拌40小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(16mg,59%)。
mp:85℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=3.04min,m/z=452(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(3H,t,J=7.0Hz),1.43(3H,s),1.09-1.56(18H,m),1.56-1.73(4H,m),1.74-1.89(4H,m),2.15(1H,m),2.42(1H,m),3.36(1H,m),3.79(1H,t,J=6.6Hz),4.69(1H,s),4.94(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),5.64(1H,m),5.78(1H,d,J=10.1Hz),8.02(1H,s).
实施例14
2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-3-羟基-4-(1-羟基-己基)-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-硫代羧酸S-苄基酯
室温下,向1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-(1-羟基-己基)-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例2)(30mg,0.09mmol)和三乙胺(36μl,0.26mmol)的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液中加入氢硫化苄(0.05ml)。搅拌4小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(17mg,41%)。
mp:123℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.84min,m/z=476(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(3H,t,J=7.0Hz),0.94(1H,m),1.49(3H,s),1.14-1.56(9H,m),1.71(2H,m),1.81(2H,m),2.08(1H,m),2.48(1H,m),3.77(1H,t,J=7.3Hz),3.82(1H,m),4.01(1H,d,J=13.8Hz),4.11(1H,d,J=13.9Hz),5.11(1H,d,J=7.3Hz),5.20(1H,d,J=2.9Hz),5.48(1H,s),5.61(1H,m),5.75(1H,d,J=10.7Hz),7.17-7.32(5H,m),8.45(1H,s).
实施例15
2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-3-羟基-4-(1-羟基-己基)-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-硫代羧酸S-(2-乙酰氨基-乙基)酯
室温下,向1-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-4-(1-羟基-己基)-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例2)(30mg,0.09mmol)和三乙胺(36μl,0.26mmol)的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液中加入硫醇(0.05ml)。搅拌1小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(25mg,62%)。
mp:80℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.19min,m/z=471(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.87(3H,t,J=6.3Hz),1.48(3H,s),1.01-1.75(12H,m),1.79(3H,s),1.87(2H,m),2.14(1H,m),2.48(1H,m),2.84(2H,t,J=7.0Hz),3.13(2H,m),3.77(1H,t,J=7.0Hz),3.82(1H,m),5.11(1H,d,J=7.3Hz),5.19(1H,m),5.41(1H,s),5.64(1H,m),5.77(1H,d,J=10.1Hz),7.93(1H,m),8.49(1H,s).
实施例16
[2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-3-羟基-4-(1-羟基-己基)-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-羰基硫烷基]-乙酸甲酯
室温下,向2-(环己-2-烯基-羟基-甲基)-3-羟基-4-(1-羟基-己基)-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-甲酸(实施例2)(50mg,0.14mmol)的THF(3ml)溶液中,加入三乙胺(57μl,0.4mmol)、硫醇(0.05ml)和BOPCl(52mg,0.2mmol)。搅拌3小时后,向其中加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(10ml),然后将有机层用乙酸乙酯萃取,用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥。残留物经柱层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物(21mg,34%)。
mp:75℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.46min,m/z=458(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(3H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.02(1H,m),1.19-1.39(7H,m),1.46(3H,s),1.56-1.76(4H,m),1.86(2H,m),2.17(1H,m),2.48(1H,m),3.61(3H,s),3.68(2H,s),3.74(1H,t,J=7.2Hz),3.80(1H,m),5.13(1H,d,J=7.3Hz),5.17(1H,d,J=2.8Hz),5.45(1H,s),5.64(1H,m),5.78(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),8.57(1H,s).
实施例17
2-(环己基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-硫代羧酸S-苄基酯
室温下,向1-(环己基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例8)(20mg,0.06mmol)和三乙胺(25μl,0.18mmol)的二氯甲烷(2ml)溶液中加入氢硫化苄(0.05ml)。搅拌18小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(15mg,55%)。
mp:181℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.89min,m/z=462(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(3H,t,J=7.0Hz),0.87-1.05(4H,m),1.20-1.50(15H,m),1.45(3H,s),1.56(1H,m),1.79(1H,m),2.42(1H,t,J=6.3Hz),3.75(1H,dd,J=5.4,7.0Hz),4.00(1H,d,J=13.9Hz),4.10(1H,d,J=13.9Hz),4.79-7.83(2H,m),7.20-7.30(5H,m),7.85(1H,s).
实施例18
3-[2-(环己基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-3-羟基-3-甲基-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-羰基硫烷基]-丙酸甲酯
室温下,向1-(环己基-羟基-甲基)-4-己基-5-甲基-6-氧杂-2-氮杂-二环[3.2.0]庚烷-3,7-二酮(实施例8)(20mg,0.06mmol)和三乙胺(25μl,0.18mmol)的二氯甲烷(1ml)溶液中加入硫醇(0.05ml)。搅拌18小时后,混合液经柱层析纯化(己烷(单用)-己烷/乙酸乙酯=3/1-1/1),得到产物,用己烷洗涤,得到白色固体(14mg,52%)。
mp:132℃;
LCMS(4分钟方法):Rt=2.66min,m/z=458(M+H)+;
1H-NMR(500Mz,DMSO-d6):δ=0.86(3H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.43(3H,s),0.85-1.90(21H,m),2.41(1H,m),2.55(2H,m),2.96(2H,m),3.23(3H,s),3.73(1H,t,J=5.6Hz),4.73(1H,s),4.83(1H,d,J=7.3Hz),7.95(1H,s).
B.生理活性评价
本发明化合物的体外活性可在以下分析测定中证明:
HTS测试
将试验化合物6倍系列稀释,稀释剂为包含150μM Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-MCA的50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0)、0.5mM EDTA,0.005%TritonX-100和0.075%SDS。
向1536孔黑板的每孔中加入2μl稀释的化合物溶液,随后加入溶解于50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0)、0.5mM EDTA和0.005%TritonX-100中的3μl的0.5μg/ml升20S蛋白酶体(哺乳动物,AFFINITI,Exeter,U.K.)。室温下孵育1小时后,加入3μl的13μM Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-H结束反应,在ARVO多标检测计数仪(Perkin Elmer,东京,日本)上,在λex 355nm和λem 460nm处测定荧光强度。
蛋白酶体抑制测试
在聚丙烯96孔板中,用2.5%的DMSO将试验化合物稀释为若干浓度。作为内部对照,采用所述试验化合物的相同步骤稀释MG-132(Cat#3175-v;Peptide Institute,大阪,日本)。将稀释的工作液(10μl/孔)转移入聚丙烯96孔板中。测试缓冲液由50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0)、0.5mM EDTA、0.005%TritonX-100和0.005%SDS组成,按10x浓度贮备液制备。肽底物(Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-MCA;3120-v;PeptideInstitute,大阪,日本)以10mM储备于100%DMSO中。将肽底物用1.25x浓度的测试缓冲液稀释至125μM,然后向该化合物溶液中加入40μl底物溶液。室温下,将所述化合物与底物预孵育10分钟。然后将该化合物与底物的混合液(10μl/孔)转移至黑色未包被的384孔测试板(Nunc)中,采用ARVO荧光板导杆(Perkin Elmer,Tokyo,Japan),在460nm(λex,360nm)测定自发荧光发射强度。
人血红细胞S20蛋白酶体购自Affinity research products Ltd(Cat#PW8720;Exeter,UK),储存于-80℃。将蛋白酶体以1x浓度的测试缓冲液稀释至1000倍,然后将10μl加入到板内的底物和抑制剂混合物中。室温下进行蛋白水解反应。连续测量荧光发射90分钟。在反应的起始速度时,测定化合物的IC50值。表A给出选择的数据。
表A
实施例 | IC<sub>50</sub>[nM] |
1 | 1 |
4 | 305 |
12 | 0.2 |
17 | 106 |
糜蛋白酶测试
在聚丙烯96孔板中,用2.5%的DMSO将试验化合物稀释为若干浓度。作为内部对照,采用所述试验化合物的相同步骤稀释糜蛋白酶(Cat#4063;Peptide Institute,大阪,日本)。将稀释的工作液(10μl/孔)转移入聚丙烯96孔板中。测试缓冲液由50mM TES(pH8.0)、10mMCaCl2和0.1mg/ml BSA组成,按10x浓度贮备液制备。将肽底物(Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-MCA;3120v;Peptide Institute,大阪,日本)以10mM储备于100%DMSO中。将肽底物用1.25x浓度的测试缓冲液稀释至50μM,然后向该化合物溶液中加入40μl底物溶液。室温下,将所述化合物与底物预孵育10分钟。然后将该化合物与底物的混合液(10μl/孔)转移至黑色未包被的384孔测试板(Nunc)中,采用ARVO荧光板导杆(Perkin Elmer,Tokyo,Japan),在460nm(λex,360nm)测定自发荧光发射强度。
人糜蛋白酶购自Calbiochem(Cat#230900),用50%甘油稀释至0.5mg/ml,储存于-20℃。将该糜蛋白酶储备液用1x浓度的测试缓冲液稀释至18ng/ml,然后将10μl加入到板内的底物和抑制剂混合物中。室温下进行蛋白水解反应。连续测定荧光发射60分钟。在反应的起始速度时,测定化合物的IC50值。
胰蛋白酶测试
在聚丙烯96孔板中,用2.5%的DMSO将试验化合物稀释为若干浓度。作为内部对照,采用所述试验化合物的相同步骤稀释亮抑酶肽(Cat#4041-v;Peptide Institute,大阪,日本)。将稀释的工作液(10μl/孔)转移入聚丙烯96孔板中。测试缓冲液由50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.0)、150mM NaCl、1mM CaCl2和0.1mg/ml BSA 50mM组成,按10x浓度贮备液制备。将肽底物(Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-MCA;3135-v;PeptideInstitute,大阪,日本)以1mM储备于100%DMSO中。将肽底物用1.25x浓度的测试缓冲液稀释至15μM,然后向该化合物溶液中加入40μl底物溶液。室温下,将所述化合物与底物预孵育10分钟。然后将该化合物与底物的混合液(10μl/孔)转移至黑色未包被的384孔测试板(Nunc)中,采用ARVO荧光板导杆(Perkin Elmer,Tokyo,Japan),在460nm(λex,360nm)测定自发荧光发射强度。
胰蛋白酶购自Calbiochem,用1mM HCl稀释至1mg/ml,储存于-20℃。将该胰蛋白酶储备液用1x浓度的测试缓冲液稀释至1ng/ml,然后将10μl加入到板内的底物和抑制剂混合物中。室温下进行蛋白水解反应。持续测定荧光发射60分钟。在反应的起始速度时,测定化合物的IC50值。
A549细胞中TNFα诱导的RANTES生成
将A549人肺上皮细胞系(ATCC#CCL-885)保存于添加了10%FCS(Gibco)、100U/ml青霉素、10μg/ml链霉素和2mM谷氨酰胺的Dulbecco’s改良Eagle’s培养基(D-MEM,Nikken Biomedical Institute)中。在96孔平底组织培养板中,将A549细胞(4x104个细胞,80μl/孔)用介质(0.1%DMSO)或试验化合物处理1小时。然后,将细胞用100ng/ml TNFα刺激24小时。按照制造商推荐(R&D Systems,Oxon,UK),采用定量多层荧光免疫分析技术,测定24小时后收集的上清液中的RANTES的浓度。
A549细胞中TNFα诱导的IκBα的降解
37℃下,将生长在6孔板中的亚融合的A549细胞用各种浓度的抑制剂或介质(0.1%DMSO)预处理30分钟。然后,将细胞放置不处理或者用10ng/ml TNFα刺激指定的时间。将细胞用冷PBS洗涤2次,然后在冰上用100μl SDS-PAGE样品缓冲液溶解。将该细胞溶解物短暂超声,离心,将上清液用SDS-PAGE处理,按照制造商推荐,应用抗IκBα(New England Biolabs#9242)进行蛋白质印迹分析。
MDA MB231和H460肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制
将细胞(3000)以3000细胞/孔接种于96孔板中的含有10%胎牛血清的完全培养基内,然后37℃培养24小时。接种24小时后,将终浓度范围在10μM至系列稀释至10nM之间的化合物加入,DMSO终浓度为0.1%。加入化合物后,在37℃下,在完全生长培养基中,将细胞培养72小时。采用Promega Cell TiterGlo ATP荧光检测试剂盒(PromegaCorp),通过测定以细胞ATP的量为基础的荧光信号,确定每孔活的细胞数目,间接测定细胞数目。从0天的值中减去与试验化合物培养72小时后所读数值。用Analyze 5程序确定IC50值。细胞种类间平均信嗓比=3-5倍。
C.与药用组合物相关的操作实施例
可用如下方法,将本发明化合物转化为药用制剂:
片剂
组合物
100mg实施例1化合物、50mg乳糖(单水合物)、50mg玉米淀粉(天然)、10mg聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP 25)(得自BASF,Ludwigshafen,德国)和2mg硬脂酸镁。
片重212mg,直径8mm,曲率半径12mm。
制备
将活性组分、乳糖和淀粉的混合物与5%(m/m)PVP的水溶液制粒。干燥后,将颗粒与硬脂酸镁混合5分钟。采用常规压片机(片型如上)将混合物压制成形。冲模压力一般为15kN。
口服混悬剂
组合物
1000mg实施例1化合物、1000mg乙醇(96%)、400mg Rhodigel(黄耆胶,产自FMC,宾西法尼亚州,美国)和99g水。
10ml口服混悬剂提供单剂量的100mg本发明化合物。
制备
将Rhodigel混悬于乙醇中,向该混悬液中加入活性组分。搅拌下加入水。持续搅拌约6小时直到Rhodigel完全溶胀。
序列表
<110>Bayer AG
<120>取代的杂环
<130>LeA 36 545-DE01
<160>1
<170>PatentIn version 3.1
<210>1
<211>243
<212>DNA
<213>链霉菌(Streptomyces sp)
<400>1
cacgtgggca atctgccctt cactctggga caagccctgg caaacgggct ctaataccgg 60
atatcactct cgcaggcatc tgtgagggtc gaaagctccg gcggtgaagg atgagcccgc 120
ggcctatcag cttgttggtg aggtaacggc tcaccaacgg cgacgacggc tagccggcct 180
gagaggcgac cgccacactg gcactcgaga cacggcccag actcctacgg aggcagcagt 240
cgg 243
Claims (10)
1.下式化合物或其盐:
其中
R4代表氢或羟基,
R5代表环己基或环己-2-烯基,
其中环己基未取代或被0至2个羟基取代,
R6代表氢或羟基,以及
R7代表羟基或选自下式的取代基:
其中
R8代表氢或甲基,以及
*代表与所述分子的连接位置。
2.具有下式的权利要求1的式(II)化合物或其盐:,
其中
R4、R5、R6和R7具有权利要求1中所述的意义。
5.包含至少一种权利要求1-3中的通式(II)或(IIa)的化合物以及药学上可接受的稀释剂的组合物。
6.权利要求5的组合物在制备用于治疗急性和慢性炎症过程或癌症的药物中的用途。
7.权利要求5的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于权利要求1-3的通式(II)或(IIa)的化合物与常用辅助剂一起被制成适合应用的剂型。
8.权利要求1-3的通式(II)或(IIa)的化合物在制备用于治疗急性和慢性炎症过程或癌症的药物中的用途。
9.具有保藏号DSM 15324和SEQ ID NO:1的微生物。
10.具有保藏号DSM 15324和SEQ ID NO:1的微生物在制备式(II)和(IIa)的化合物中的应用。
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US20070225350A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2007-09-27 | Anderson Kenneth C | Compositions and methods for treating neoplastic diseases |
WO2006118973A2 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-09 | Nereus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of using heterobyclic compounds for treatment of rectal cancer |
US7465720B2 (en) | 2005-09-12 | 2008-12-16 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Proteasome inhibiting β-lactam compounds |
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US6335358B1 (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 2002-01-01 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Lactacystin analogs |
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US6335358B1 (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 2002-01-01 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Lactacystin analogs |
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AU2004212296A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
US20110015248A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
IN228043B (zh) | 2009-02-13 |
WO2004071382A3 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
DE602004024037D1 (de) | 2009-12-24 |
WO2004071382A2 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
US20060229353A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
HK1096392A1 (en) | 2007-06-01 |
AU2004212296B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
CA2515940C (en) | 2011-12-06 |
IL169897A0 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
IN2005DE03350A (zh) | 2007-06-01 |
CN1845925A (zh) | 2006-10-11 |
MX272108B (es) | 2009-11-25 |
EP1597262A2 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
CA2515940A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
ATE448232T1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
JP4795931B2 (ja) | 2011-10-19 |
ES2336562T3 (es) | 2010-04-14 |
EP1597262B1 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
BRPI0407234A (pt) | 2006-01-31 |
JP2006517934A (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
KR20050098928A (ko) | 2005-10-12 |
MXPA05008478A (es) | 2005-10-18 |
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