CN1840656A - 培养环状病毒的方法 - Google Patents
培养环状病毒的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于培养环状病毒,特别是猪环状病毒的方法。本发明提供用于在表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能的哺乳动物细胞中培养猪环状病毒的组合物和方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环状病毒(circovirus)领域,提供用于培养环状病毒,特别是猪环状病毒的组合物和方法。具体地说,本发明涉及用于在表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1基因功能的哺乳动物细胞中培养猪环状病毒的方法。
背景技术
环状病毒科(Circoviridae)的病毒存在于一系列植物和动物中,通常称为环状病毒,其特征是圆型的无被膜病毒粒,其平均直径为17-23.5nm,其中含有环状单链脱氧核糖核酸(ssDNA)。环状病毒的ssDNA基因组是已知最小的病毒DNA复制子。如WO99/45956所公开,按照国际病毒分类委员会的第六次报告(Lukert,P.D.等,1995,环状病毒科,pp.166-168.F.A.Murphy,等(eds.)《Virus Taxonomy,Sixth Report of the InternationalCommittee on Taxonomy of Viruses》,Arch.Virol.10 Suppl.),已有至少六种病毒被鉴定为该科的成员。
该科中所包括的动物病毒有鸡贫血病毒(CAV)、喙羽病病毒(BFDV)、猪环状病毒(PCV)、鸽环状病毒。PCV原是在猪肾细胞培养物中分离出来的。PCV在细胞核中复制,并产生大的核内包含体(见Murphy等,1999,环状病毒科,pp.357-361,Veterinary Virology,3rd ed.Academic Press,SanDiego)。目前有两类公认的PCV,即1型PCV(PCV1)和2型PCV(PCV2)。PCV1是作为连续猪肾细胞系PK-15(ATCC CCL31)的永久污染物分离出来的,它在细胞培养中不引起可检测的致细胞病变效应,经实验感染后在猪体内不诱发临床疾病(见Allan G.,1995,Vet.Microbiol.44:49-64;Tischer,I.等,1982,Nature 295:64-66;Tischer,I.等,1986,Arch.Virol.91:271-276)。与PCV1相反,PCV2与断奶猪的断奶后全身性消瘦综合征(post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome,PMWS)密切相关(见Allan G.等,1998,Europe.J.Vet.Diagn.Investig.10:3-10;Ellis,J.等,1998,Can.Vet.J.39:44-51;Morozov,I.等,1998,J.Clin.Microbiol.36:2535-2541)。PCV1的核苷酸序列公开于Mankertz,A.,等(1997,J.Virol.71:2562-2566)和Meehan,B.M.等(1997,J.Gen.Virol 78:221-227),PCV2的核苷酸序列公开于Hamel,A.L.等(1998,J.Virol.72:5262-5267);Mankertz,A.,等(2000,Virus Res.66:65-77)和Meehan,B.M.等(1998,J.Gen.Virol.79:2171-2179)。WO00/01409公开了一些PCV2毒株,这些毒株已保藏在欧洲细胞培养物保藏中心(European Collection of Cell Culture,Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research,Porton Down,Salisbury,Wiltshire SP4 OJG,United Kingdom),包括以下保藏号的毒株:V97100219、V9700218、V97100217、V98011608、V98011609。WO00/77216也公开了PCV2。
迄今已发表的有关PCV2的研究工作要么使用组织匀浆液,要么使用得自野外分离物的培养病毒。Tischer等人(1987,Arch.Virol.96:39-57)报道了用D-葡糖胺处理刺激猪肾细胞进入细胞周期的S期。但是,该处理必须小心进行,因为D-葡糖胺对细胞培养物有毒(见Allan等,2000,J.Vet.Diagn.Investigation.12:3-14)。仍然需要培养环状病毒如PCV1和PCV2及其他环状病毒的方法,从而得到纯的环状病毒。特别是对作为抗PMWS疫苗的PCV2抗原的制备而言,这样的方法是很有利的。本发明满足了这一需要。
所有专利和出版物在此全文引入本说明书。
发明内容
本发明提供培养哺乳动物环状病毒的方法,该方法包括:a)获得表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能的哺乳动物细胞,其中所述细胞允许哺乳动物环状病毒复制;b)在所述哺乳动物细胞中引入所述哺乳动物环状病毒基因组或其能够复制的部分;c)在适合所述哺乳动物环状病毒复制的条件下培养所述哺乳动物细胞。在一些实施方案中,该方法还包括从所述培养细胞中回收所述环状病毒。
在一些实施方案中,哺乳动物环状病毒是猪环状病毒,例如猪环状病毒1(PCV1)或猪环状病毒2(PCV2)。在另一些实施方案中,猪环状病毒包含嵌合核苷酸序列。在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞来源于猪。在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞为猪视网膜细胞。
在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能为人腺病毒E1功能。在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能为猪腺病毒E1功能。在再一些实施方案中,E1功能为E1A和/或E1B功能。在另一些实施方案中,表达哺乳动物E1功能的哺乳动物细胞被哺乳动物E1基因序列稳定转化。在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物E1基因序列对所述哺乳动物细胞是异源的。
本发明还提供重组哺乳动物细胞,该重组细胞表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能,并包含哺乳动物环状病毒基因组或其能够复制的部分,其中所述细胞允许所述哺乳动物环状病毒复制。在一些实施方案中,哺乳动物环状病毒是猪环状病毒,例如猪环状病毒1(PCV1)或猪环状病毒2(PCV2)。在另一些实施方案中,猪环状病毒包含嵌合核苷酸序列。在一些实施方案中,腺病毒E1功能为人腺病毒E1功能。在其他实施方案中,E1功能为猪腺病毒E1功能。在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞来源于猪。在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞为猪视网膜细胞。在其他实施方案中,表达哺乳动物E1功能的哺乳动物细胞被哺乳动物腺病毒E1基因序列稳定转化。在另外的实施方案中,哺乳动物E1基因序列对所述哺乳动物细胞是异源的。
本发明还提供制备一种重组哺乳动物细胞的方法,该重组细胞表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能并包含哺乳动物环状病毒基因组,该方法包括以下步骤:a)获得表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能的哺乳动物细胞;b)在所述哺乳动物细胞中引入所述哺乳动物环状病毒基因组或其能够复制的部分。在另一些实施方案中,该方法还包括在适合所述哺乳动物环状病毒复制的条件下培养所述重组哺乳动物细胞的步骤。在另一些实施方案中,该方法还包括从所述培养细胞中回收所述环状病毒。在一些实施方案中,哺乳动物环状病毒是猪环状病毒,例如猪环状病毒1(PCV1)或猪环状病毒2(PCV2)。在另一些实施方案中,猪环状病毒包含嵌合核苷酸序列。在另一些实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞来源于猪。在再一些实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞为猪视网膜细胞。在其他实施方案中,腺病毒E1功能为人腺病毒E1功能或猪腺病毒E1功能。在另一些实施方案中,表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能的哺乳动物细胞被哺乳动物腺病毒E1基因序列稳定转化。在其它实施方案中,哺乳动物E1基因序列对所述哺乳动物细胞是异源的。
附图说明
图1A-1B提供通过DNA转染并用Hirt的方法从感染的VIDO R1细胞中提取而制得的PCV2病毒的鉴定和滴定结果。(A)用PCV2特异性引物及来自PCV2感染细胞(泳道1)和伪感染细胞(泳道2)的DNA进行的PCR。用含有PCV2基因组的质粒作对照(泳道3)。GIBCO BRL的1kb DNA阶梯加在泳道M中。(B)来自PCV2感染细胞(泳道1、3、5)和伪感染细胞(泳道2、4、6)的病毒DNA用NcoI和StuI(泳道1和2)、EcoRI和StuI(泳道3和4)、EcoRI和EcoRV(泳道5和6)消化。GIBCO BRL的1kb+DNA阶梯加在泳道M中。
图2A-2B绘出通过免疫过氧化物酶染色而进行PCV2滴定的结果。在感染后72小时,将伪感染的(A)或PCV2感染的(B)VIDO R1细胞与兔抗ORF2多克隆抗体和生物素化的次级抗体一起保温。加入抗生物素蛋白和生物素化的辣根过氧化物酶复合体后,用二氨基联苯胺四盐酸盐(DAB)显色细胞单层。由一个病毒粒子感染产生一个深色细胞。
图3A-3C给出如Genbank登记号AF086834所述的猪环状病毒2(PCV2)的核苷酸序列(A)及ORF1(B)和ORF2(C)的氨基酸序列。
本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明涉及用于培养哺乳动物环状病毒,特别是猪环状病毒的组合物和方法。本发明是基于如下发现,即表达人E1功能的猪细胞能够被PCV2病毒基因组转染并产生高病毒滴度的PCV2病毒。保藏于ATCC并具有ATCC保藏号PTA-155的VIDO R1细胞系是一种用人腺病毒-5(HAV5)E1转化的猪视网膜细胞系,已证明这能够诱导细胞周期的S期并反式激活转录(见Shenk,T.,1996,“腺病毒科:病毒及其复制”,《Fields Virology》.3rd ed.B.N.Fields,D.M.Knipe和P.M.Howley(ed.)Lippincott-RavenPublishers,Philadelphia,New York,pp.2111-2148)。如本说明书的实施例3所述,VIDO R1细胞用PCV2基因组转染,并以2×107IU/ml产生病毒。
除非特别指出,本发明的实施采用本领域常规的微生物学、免疫学、病毒学、分子生物学和重组DNA技术。这些技术在文献中有详细记载(见例如Maniatis等,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(1982);DNACloning:A Practical Approach,vol.I & II(D.Glover,ed.);OligonucleotideSynthesis(N.Gait,ed.(1984));Nucleic Acid Hybridization(B.Hames &Higgins,eds.(1985));Transcription and Translation(B.Hames & Higgins,eds.(1984));Animal Cell Culture(R.Freshney,ed.(1986));Perbal,APractical Guide to Molecular Cloning(1984);Ausubel,等,CurrentProtocols In Molecular Biology,John Wiley & Sons(1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996);Sambrook等,Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual(2nd Edition);vols.I,II & III(1989))。
环状病毒科记载于国际病毒分类委员会的第六次报告(同上)中,该科病毒具有圆型的无被膜病毒粒,平均直径为17-23.5nm,其中含有环状单链DNA(ssDNA)。该科病毒的成员包括猪环状病毒PCV1和PCV2。已知有些PCV是致病性的,例如PCV2与PMWS相关。
PCV1的核苷酸序列公开于Mankertz,A.,等,1997,J.Virol.71:2562-2566和Meehan,B.M.等,1997,J.Gen.Virol.78:221-227。PCV2的核苷酸序列公开于Hamel,A.L.等,1998,J.Virol.72:5262-5267;Mankertz,A.等,2000,Virus Res.66:65-77和Meehan,B.M.等,1998,J.Gen.Virol.79:2171-2179。PCV2的代表性毒株已保藏在欧洲细胞培养物保藏中心(European Collection of Cell Culture,Centre for AppliedMicrobiology & Research,Porton Down,Salisbury,Wiltshire SP4 OJG,United Kingdom),包括以下保藏号的毒株:V97100219、V97100218、V97100217、V98011608、V98011609。WO00/77216也公开了PCV2。PCV2的核苷酸序列也已公开于Hamel等,(1998),J.Virol.Vol.72,6:5262-5267(GenBank AF027217)和Morozov等,(1998),J.Clinical Microb.vol.36,9:2535-2541,以及GenBank AF086834、AF086835和AF086836。对PCV1和PCV2已发表的核苷酸序列进行比较发现其同一性<80%,但基因组的组织相似,尤其是在推定的DNA复制起点与两个最大的开放阅读框(ORF)的排布上相似。
本发明包括培养哺乳动物环状病毒,特别是猪环状病毒(PCV)的方法。本发明包括培养下述PCV的方法,所述PCV包含本说明书公开的或本领域已知的PCV核苷酸序列或其ORF或其能够复制的部分。本发明还包括培养下述PCV的方法,所述PCV具有由于遗传密码的简并性而不同于本说明书公开的或本领域已知的PCV核苷酸序列的PCV核苷酸序列或其ORF或其能够复制的部分。本发明还包括培养下述PCV的方法,所述PCV包含PCV核苷酸序列的变异,这些变异不改变核苷酸序列或其ORF或其能够复制的部分的功能或毒株特异性。本发明还包括培养下述PCV的方法,所述PCV包含在中等至高度严格性条件下能够与本说明书公开的PCV核苷酸序列杂交的PCV核苷酸序列;以及培养下述PCV的方法,所述PCV包含本说明书公开的或本领域已知的PCV核苷酸序列的突变(例如缺失或点突变)或其ORF或其能够复制的部分。本发明还包括培养包含异源核苷酸序列的PCV的方法。本发明包括培养下述PCV的方法,所述PCV包含嵌合环状病毒核苷酸序列,例如猪环状病毒的核苷酸序列与其他致病性病毒(如包括细小病毒在内的致病性猪病毒)的核苷酸序列的融合物。
就环状病毒或哺乳动物细胞而言,本说明书所提到的异源核苷酸序列分别是指通常与作为此环状病毒基因组一部分的环状病毒序列无关的核苷酸序列或通常与此哺乳动物细胞无关的核苷酸序列。异源核苷酸序列包括合成序列。杂交反应可在不同“严格性”的条件下进行。提高杂交反应严格性的条件是本领域公知的和已公开的(见例如Sambrook等(1989),p7.52)。有关条件的实例包括(按严格性由低到高的顺序):保温温度为25℃、37℃、50℃和68℃;缓冲液浓度为10×SSC、6×SSC、1×SSC、0.1×SSC(其中SSC为0.15M NaCl和15mM柠檬酸缓冲液)及使用其他缓冲体系时的等效缓冲液;甲酰胺浓度为0%、25%、50%和75%;保温时间为5分钟到24小时;洗涤步骤为1个、2个或更多个;洗涤保温时间为1、2或15分钟;洗涤液为6×SSC、1×SSC、0.1×SSC或去离子水。一组示例性的严格杂交条件是68℃和0.1×SSC。
PCV基因组编码若干多肽序列,这些序列的大小大致在8-35kD范围。使用标准软件例如MacVector(Oxford Molecular Group Inc.,MD21030)确定猪环状病毒的开放阅读框(ORF)被认为是常规技术。两种PCV中最大的ORF,即ORF1,只显示出少量变异,同一性为85%(用clustal程序测定)。已证明该ORF是PCV1的Rep蛋白(Mankertz,A.,等1998,J.Gen.Virol.79:381-384)。虽然不想受理论的束缚,但PCV1和PCV2的ORF2序列所显示出的较高变异率(同一性约为65%)提示PCV的类型特异性特征可能是由各自的ORF2蛋白决定的。若干PCV类型特异性抗原表位已被确定在PCV2 ORF2序列上(见Mahe,D.等,2000,J.Gen.Virol.81:1815-24)。最近的另一项研究已鉴定出PCV2ORF2是一种主要结构蛋白,它能够在被表达ORF2的重组杆状病毒感染的昆虫细胞中形成病毒衣壳样粒子(见Nawagitgul,P.等,J.Gen.Virol.81:2281-2287)。
在本说明书所公开的一些示例性发明实施方案中,通过质粒和PCV基因组之间的体外重组构建一个重组载体,该重组载体包含PCV基因组或其ORF或其部分,例如抗原性区域。在一些实施方案中,PCV基因组是PCV2基因组。在另一些实施方案中,通过体内重组构建重组载体,该重组载体包含PCV基因组或其ORF或其部分,例如抗原性区域。体内重组方法是本领域已知的,包括例如Chartier等人公开的方法(1996,J.Virol.70:4805-4810)。用于构建环状病毒基因组的载体包括例如允许产生多拷贝的克隆环状病毒核苷酸序列的细菌质粒。在一些实施方案中,将质粒共转染到合适的宿主细胞中以进行重组。适于进行重组的宿主细胞包括能够支持PCV基因组和含有PCV序列的质粒之间的重组或两个或更多个各自含有PCV序列的质粒之间的重组的任何细胞。重组通常在原核细胞如大肠杆菌中进行,而环状病毒的产生则优选在允许PCV复制的哺乳动物细胞中进行,例如猪细胞,特别是能够表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能的猪细胞。
本发明包括使用允许环状病毒复制,特别是允许PCV如PCV1和PCV2复制的任何哺乳动物宿主细胞。据Allan等人(1995,VeterinaryMicrobiology 44:49-64)报道,PCV能够在猪和牛单核细胞/巨噬细胞培养物中复制。据Tischer等人(1987,Arch.Virol.96:39-57)报道,已知PCV在细胞培养物中的复制要求有活跃分裂的细胞。用于PCV复制的细胞或细胞系的实例包括含有E1功能并允许PCV复制的哺乳动物细胞,包括表达腺病毒E1功能的猪细胞,例如猪单核细胞/巨噬细胞和猪视网膜细胞。在本说明书所公开的一个示例性实施方案中,证明表达人腺病毒E1功能的猪视网膜细胞允许PCV2复制,并以2×107IU/ml产生病毒。猪细胞系可以从公共来源如美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)得到。细菌细胞培养物的培养以及真核细胞和哺乳动物细胞系的培养和保持均是本领域技术人员公知的技术。
本发明包括在被哺乳动物腺病毒E1基因序列转染的哺乳动物宿主细胞中培养哺乳动物环状病毒(特别是猪环状病毒)的方法。在一些实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞用腺病毒E1基因序列稳定转化。在一些实施方案中,E1基因序列整合在哺乳动物细胞的基因组中。在另一些实施方案中,E1基因序列存在于复制质粒上。在再一些实施方案中,E1基因序列对哺乳动物细胞是异源的。在本说明书所公开的一个示例性实施方案中,猪哺乳动物细胞用人腺病毒5E1基因序列转化。本发明包括使用表达E1功能的任何哺乳动物细胞或哺乳动物细胞系,只要该表达E1功能的哺乳动物细胞或细胞系允许环状病毒(特别是猪环状病毒,如猪环状病毒1或猪环状病毒2)复制即可。在优选的实施方案中,哺乳动物细胞是猪细胞或细胞系。本发明包括使用任何哺乳动物E1功能,只要求表达该哺乳动物E1功能的哺乳动物宿主细胞允许环状病毒,特别是猪环状病毒如猪环状病毒1或猪环状病毒2复制即可。哺乳动物腺病毒基因组是本领域已知的,并公开于文献中。例如,Reddy等人(1998,Journal of Virology,72:1394)公开了牛腺病毒3(BAV3)的核苷酸序列、基因组结构和转录图谱;Kleiboeker(1995,Virus Res.36:259-268)公开了PAV-4的E1区。本发明包括来自各种血清型的人腺病毒如Ad2、Ad5、Ad12和Ad40的E1功能。在本说明书的实施例1所公开的一个示例性实施方案中,E1功能是人Ad5E1功能。人E1A基因在病毒感染后(0-2小时)立即表达,该表达早于任何其他病毒基因(Flint,1982,Biochem.Biophys.Acta 651:175-208;Flint,1986,AdvancesVirus Research 31:169-228;Grand,1987,Biochem.J.241:25-38)。Ad5E1A的转录起始位点位于498位核苷酸处,E1A蛋白的ATG起始位点位于病毒基因组的560位核苷酸处。E1B蛋白反式发挥功能,是晚期mRNA从细胞核向细胞质转运所必需的。Ad5的E1B启动子由单个高亲和性Spl识别位点和TATA盒组成。具体地说,人腺病毒5E1A和E1B基因序列位于Chroboezek,J.等人(1992,Virology 186:280-285)公开的核苷酸序列的第505-4034位核苷酸位置。在本说明书的实施例所公开的一个示例性实施方案中,哺乳动物宿主细胞是被人腺病毒5E1基因序列转染的猪宿主细胞。
PCV基因组可以从PCV病毒粒中分离,也可以包含已用标准分子生物学和生物技术插入到质粒中的PCV基因组。Liu等人(2000,J.Clin.Microbiol.vol 38:3474-3477)叙述了用PCR法将全长PCV2基因组克隆到Strategene生产的载体pBluescript II KS(+)中。全长PCV2基因组DNA可以从所得的质粒中经SacII消化而释放出来。
将环状病毒核苷酸序列引入到许可性哺乳动物宿主细胞中可以用本领域已知的任何方法来进行,包括但不限于转染和转化,包括但不限于微量注射、电穿孔、CaPO4沉淀、DEAE-葡聚糖、脂质体、粒子轰击等。本说明书的实施例3中描述了一种将PCV2核苷酸序列转染到VIDO R1细胞中的示例性方法。
培养原核细胞(如细菌细胞)和真核细胞(如表达腺病毒E1功能的哺乳动物宿主细胞)的方法被视为本领域的常规方法。
提供下列实施例以举例说明而不是限制本发明。本说明书公开的所有参考文献和专利文献通过引用而全文引入本说明书。
实施例
实施例1:制备用人腺病毒E1基因序列转染的猪视网膜细胞(VIDOR1细胞)
用磷酸钙技术,用10μg质粒pTG4671(Transgene,Strasbourg,France)转染猪胚胎视网膜细胞原代培养物。pTG4671质粒含有HAV-5的完整E1A和E1B序列(505-4034位核苷酸)以及作为选择标记的嘌呤霉素乙酰转移酶基因。在该质粒中,E1区受来自小鼠磷酸甘油酸激酶基因的组成型启动子控制,而嘌呤霉素乙酰转移酶基因受组成型SV40早期启动子控制。通过在含有7μg/ml嘌呤霉素的培养基中传代三次选择转化细胞,根据其单个细胞转化灶的形态变化(即丧失接触抑制)进行鉴定,并进行单细胞克隆。对已建立的细胞系先检测其支持HAV-5的E1缺失突变体生长的能力,然后再进一步用PCR法研究该细胞系的基因组中是否存在E1序列,用Western印迹法研究E1A和E1B蛋白的表达,在细胞培养条件下研究倍增时间。检测出E1序列,并用免疫沉淀法证实E1A和E1B蛋白的产生。倍增时间短于亲本细胞系。
为评定E1表达的稳定性,将VIDO R1细胞传代培养超过50代(每周按1∶3分裂培养两次),并测试其支持HAV-5的E1缺失突变体复制的能力。另外,用Western印迹法以固定间隔监测E1A和E1B蛋白的表达。结果表明,VIDO R1细胞系在超过50次的传代培养过程中保留了支持E1缺失病毒生长的能力,并表达相似水平的E1蛋白。所以,可以认为VIDO R1是业已建成的细胞系。VIDO R1细胞系已保藏在美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC),ATCC保藏号为PTA-155。
实施例2
实施例2描述全长PCV2基因组的分子克隆。
先用PCR法由提取自患有PMWS的小猪的总DNA扩增PCV2DNA。Liu等人(2000,J.Clin.Microbiol.38:3474-3477)叙述了用聚合酶链反应法(PCR)将全长PCV2基因组DNA克隆到载体pBluescript II KS(+)(Strategene)中。PCV2序列已提交给GenBank(登记号为AF086834)。全长PCV2基因组DNA可以从所得的质粒中经SaclI消化而释放出来。
实施例3
实施例3叙述用实施例2所构建的含有PCV2基因组的质粒转染如实施例1所述的VIDO R1细胞。
材料和方法
细胞培养
将如实施例1所述的胎猪视网膜细胞系VIDO R1和Vero细胞(ATCC)于37℃和5%CO2下保持在分别添加有10%或5%热失活胎牛血清(FBS)的基于Eagles的MEM培养基中。
转染和感染
使用Lipofectin,按照制造商的建议(GIBCO BRL),用克隆的PCV2DNA转染培养在六孔培养皿中的单层VIDO R1细胞。在转染前,通过用SaclI消化使全长PCV2基因组从质粒中释放出来(Liu,Q.,等,2000.J.Clin.Microbiol.38:3474-3477)。为进行感染,将转染的VIDO R1细胞进行三次冰冻(-70℃)和融化(37℃)循环。裂解液离心澄清后用于感染新鲜VIDO R1细胞。在一些已发表的研究报告中,用无PCV1的猪肾细胞系来培养PCV2病毒。为刺激猪肾细胞进入细胞循环的S期,总是用D-葡糖胺处理这些细胞(见Tischer等,1987,Arch Virol.96:39-57)。但是,该处理必须小心进行,因为D-葡糖胺对细胞培养物有毒(见Allan等,2000,J.Vet.Diagn.Investigation.12:3-14)。相反,由于本研究中使用的VIDO R1细胞系已用能够诱导S期的HAV5-E1转化,所以没有必要进行D-葡糖胺处理。
实施例4
病毒纯化和滴定
为纯化PCV2病毒,将PCV2感染的VIDO R1细胞与0.5%TritonX-114在磷酸缓冲盐水溶液(PBS)中于37℃下保温45分钟,然后进行Freon 113(1,1,2-三氯三氟乙烷)提取。细胞碎片和细胞膜于2000g离心澄清15分钟。上清液中的病毒于35000g下通过20%蔗糖垫沉淀3小时。将病毒沉淀物悬浮于PBS中,于-70℃下贮存。用定量ORF2蛋白免疫过氧化物酶染色法以感染单位(IU)形式确定病毒滴度。为此,将12孔培养皿中的细胞单层用病毒的系列稀释液感染。病毒吸附1小时后,洗涤细胞,并在其上铺上含有2%FBS和0.7%琼脂糖的MEM。感染后(p.i.)第3天,去掉琼脂糖覆盖层,将细胞固定,于-20℃下用甲醇/丙酮(体积比为1∶1)透化20分钟。在室温下用1%牛血清白蛋白封闭1小时后,将细胞与兔抗ORF2血清一起保温(Liu等,2001,Protein Expression andPurification.21:115-120)。保温2小时后,平板用PBS洗涤,然后用VECTASTAIN Elite ABC试剂盒(Vector Laboratories)进行处理。反应用3,3,-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)四盐酸盐显色,并在显微镜下观察。计数阳性染色的细胞,以IU表示病毒滴度,其中IU定义为感染后3天每转化灶一个阳性染色的细胞。
病毒DNA提取和表征
用Hirt的方法(1967,J.Mol.Biol.26:365-369)从PCV2感染的VIDOR1细胞单层中提取病毒DNA。然后用如Liu等人所述的限制分析和聚合酶链反应(PCR)法(Liu,等,2000,J.Clin.Microbiol.38:3474-3477),对病毒DNA进行鉴定。
用从感染细胞中提取的DNA作模板并使用PCV2特异性引物进行PCR,扩增出一个特定大小的产物,而从对照物即未感染的细胞中未扩增出任何DNA。与所预期的限制图谱相一致,用NcoI和StuI消化病毒DNA产生两个大小分别为1291bp和477bp的片段,用EcoRI和StuI消化产生两个大小分别为1492bp和276bp的片段,用EcoRI和EcoRV消化产生两个大小分别为1094bp和674bp的片段。数据表明已获得了PCV2病毒。使用免疫染色测定法,并通过计数阳性染色细胞,测得该制备物的病毒滴度为2×107IU/ml。
序列表
<110>萨斯喀彻温大学(University of Saskatchewan)
<120>培养环状病毒的方法
<130>PAT 684W-90
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<141>2002-03-27
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Claims (8)
1.一种重组哺乳动物细胞,该重组细胞表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能,并包含猪环状病毒基因组或其能够复制的部分,其中所述细胞允许所述猪环状病毒复制。
2.权利要求1的重组哺乳动物细胞,其中所述腺病毒E1功能为人腺病毒E1功能。
3.权利要求1的重组哺乳动物细胞,其中所述腺病毒E1功能为猪腺病毒E1功能。
4.权利要求1的重组哺乳动物细胞,其中所述细胞来源于猪。
5.权利要求4的重组哺乳动物细胞,其中所述细胞为猪视网膜细胞。
6.权利要求1的重组哺乳动物细胞,其中所述表达哺乳动物腺病毒E1功能的哺乳动物细胞被哺乳动物腺病毒E1基因序列稳定转化。
7.权利要求6的重组哺乳动物细胞,其中所述E1基因序列是人腺病毒E1基因序列。
8.权利要求6的重组哺乳动物细胞,其中所述哺乳动物腺病毒E1基因序列对所述哺乳动物细胞是异源的。
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