CN1812831A - 流化床造粒方法及设备 - Google Patents

流化床造粒方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1812831A
CN1812831A CNA2004800178437A CN200480017843A CN1812831A CN 1812831 A CN1812831 A CN 1812831A CN A2004800178437 A CNA2004800178437 A CN A2004800178437A CN 200480017843 A CN200480017843 A CN 200480017843A CN 1812831 A CN1812831 A CN 1812831A
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吉安弗兰克·贝帝绨
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Casale SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及流化床造粒方法,该方法包括在冷却流化床(F2)中冷却颗粒的步骤。来自所述冷却流化床(F2)的至少部分流化空气被导入造粒流化床(F1)。

Description

流化床造粒方法及设备
应用领域
在通常情况下,本发明涉及适当物质例如尿素,硝酸铵,氯化铵和易成粒的类似物质的流化床造粒的方法。
特别是,本发明涉及包括通过在流化床内注入热空气流,来控制所述流化床的温度的流化床造粒方法。
本发明还涉及用于实施上述方法的造粒设备。
现有技术
公知的是,在流化床造粒方法中,通过连续供入所述流化床内的物质的颗粒核种的连续生长(在体积上和在质量上),同时供入液态的适合的生长物质流,来获得预定的物质。
通常,该生长物质与被造粒的物质具有同样的特性,而且呈液态,适于在核种和生长的颗粒上湿润、粘附和凝固,并一起组成所述流化床。
所述生长物质在高温下注入流化床,以便生长物质本身一旦凝固在核种上,当其在流化床内时,该生长物质仍可保持粘附性,允许粘附于进一步生长的物质颗粒上。
而且,在流化床内有必要保持预定的和通常相对较高值的温度,以便可以使存在于生长物质内的溶剂蒸发,所述生长物质通常以溶液形式被送入所述流化床内,例如,对于尿素是水溶液。
选择流化床的温度还必须考虑如下事实,即生长物质在与核种和生长颗粒接触前可能的冷却导致其过早的凝固,如果事实上确实是这样的话,那么结果该生长物质很难粘附于颗粒上并形成需要随后回收的粉末。
为满足上述要求,换言之,为将流化床的温度控制和调节在预定值内,建议在造粒流化床本身内注入附加的适当热空气流,优选的,该附加热空气流以与生长物质流相同的水平注入。
而且,在起动步骤期间,或在低载荷运转中,或其他情况,当使用的用于形成和保持流化床所需的很高流速的流化空气处于特别冷的室温下时,有必要通过流化床外部的适当的热交换器,对该流化空气进行适当的预热。
尽管从某些观点看,这是有利的,然而该建议存在严重的公认的缺陷。
实际上,由于空气在流化床内以很高的流速流动,根据上述建议控制温度必然导致预热流化空气(当需要时)和附加的空气流需要很高的能量消耗。该能量消耗对该方法的运行成本具有负面影响。
用于预热空气的现有设备对于对应的造粒设备的实际成本和结构复杂性也具有负面影响。
发明概述
本发明要解决的技术问题是设计和提供一种可行的上述类型的流化床造粒方法,该方法具有功能特性以克服所有列举的现有技术存在的缺陷,特别是,实质上降低了使流化床保持在预定温度以确保最佳的完成方法所必需的总能量消耗。
根据本发明,通过具有控制所述流化床温度作用的适当物质的流化床造粒方法解决上述问题,该方法包括在对应的冷却流化床中,使所获得的热的成品颗粒冷却的步骤,其特征在于,将从所述的成品颗粒的冷却流化床出来的至少一部分流化空气注入造粒流化床内。
优选的,所有注入造粒流化床内的流化空气来自冷却流化床。
有利的是,实质上所有来自冷却流化床的流化空气都用作所述造粒流化床的流化空气。
更有利的是,本发明的流化床造粒方法的特征在于,它利用单流流化空气按次序连续地形成和支撑所述冷却和造粒流化床,所述冷却和造粒流化床相对于所述单流实质上按顺序排列,并且彼此流体连通。
下面参考附图,通过对本发明的流化床造粒方法的一个实施例的详细描述,本发明更多的特征和优点将更加明显,这些描述只是为了说明的目的而非限制的目的。
附图的概述
图1是本发明用于实施流化床造粒方法的设备的轴侧投影示意图;
图2是与图1相同的设备的横截面示意图。
优选实施例的详细描述
参考附图,根据本发明的用于实施流化床造粒方法的设备整体用1表示。
这种设备包括自承式结构2,基本是呈平行六面体形状的容器,该容器内限定空间A,以将两个流化床F1,F2置于在此空间中,这些可从以下描述中更清楚地了解到。
所述容器结构2(以下简称:容器2)具有长侧壁5,6,短前壁7(或顶壁)和后壁8;在顶部通过传统的盖密封,因此没有表示出该盖,并且在底部配备上下双基板4,4a。
根据本发明的特征,所述容器2的顶壁7具有底侧边7a,该底侧边与所述双基板中的基板4隔开,这样限定通道(或口)20,以便使空间A与所述容器2的外部相连通。而且,根据本发明的另一特征,上述基板4,4a从容器2的后壁8延伸直到超过所述顶壁7到预定长度部分。在其自由前端,前板17固定于基板4,4a上,优选的基本与顶壁7平行,由此构成一种槽18,在附图中沿所述壁7的全宽延伸,并且经由上述通道20与空间A连通。
所述双基板中的基板4和4a,容器2的后壁8以及前板17限定腔19,该腔19经由所述基板4与空间A流体连通,该基板4设有多孔或设有格栅,或设成能使气流通过的任何形式。在空间A以下延伸的所述腔19的高度是受限的,并且用于构成使流化空气流均匀分配进入所述空间A内的腔,从以下的描述中将更好的理解这些内容。
有利地,根据本发明的又一特征,所述分配腔19具有从容器2的后壁8开始向着前板17延伸的锥形剖面。为此,该基板4a相对基板4倾斜放置,并且朝着上述前板17延伸并与其会聚。
在所述容器2内,支撑矩形垂直面板15,该垂直面板15与所述容器2的后壁8平行,并且保持预定隔开的关系,用此板限定间隙16。
所述面板15固定于所述容器2的相对的长壁5和6,以及顶壁3上,但是它具有与基板4隔开的水平底侧边15a,以便限定通道(或口)15a,该通道适于使所述间隙16与容器本身内的空间A连通。该间隙16还可通过靠近所述容器2的上壁的开口11与空间A连通。
在容器2内部和在距其基板4的预定距离处,设置矩形搁板14,将其周边固定于所述容器2的前壁7和长壁5,6,和上述面板15上。在所述空间A内的所述搁板14限定在空间A内部的造粒区域B,并且用于支撑预定物质的造粒流化床F1;为此,搁板14是多孔的,做成格栅,或做成能使流化气流通过的任何形式,此搁板对于形成和保持所述床F1是必需的。
在图1中,位于容器2顶部的造粒物质颗粒的核种分配器装置(本身公知的)用10表示,而颗粒生长液体物质分配器-供给器装置(也是公知的,因此没有详细描述)用12和13表示。
在图2中,与后壁8相连的用于使空气进入腔19内部的开口用22表示。该开口22与将空气吹入所述腔19内的装置流体连通,该装置本身公知因而不再描述。
下面参考图1和2的设备,详细描述本发明的造粒方法的实施例。
通过向造粒区域B内供给预定物质的颗粒核种的连续流,并且同时供给生长物质的连续流,在搁板14上形成造粒流化床F1。通过将流化空气的连续流注入腔19内,并由此再经由基板4进入所述搁板14以下的空间A内,形成造粒流化床并且该流化床得到支撑和保持。对应于造粒进程(颗粒的生长),流化床F1的高度增加,直到其自由表面达到开口11的(预先算好的)水平面。在这点,经由实质上用作溢流堰的所述开口11,非常热(其温度取决于生长物质的温度)和首先完成的,换句话说具有预定粒径的物质颗粒,开始从该床F1连续溢出(或“排出”)到间隙16。
从这种连续溢出开始,造粒流化床F1的高度基本保持不变。
连续穿过间隙16的成品颗粒按照基本受引导的方式或以似小瀑布状(cascade)“落在”流化床F2上,该流化床包括成品颗粒15,在启动步骤被安排成靠近多孔基板4,在此它们受到上述用于床F1的流化空气流的作用。在该基板4上这样限定第二流化床F2,其仅由成品颗粒组成,并在所述空间A内、在所述基板4上、在间隙16和槽18内延伸,其与所述空间相连通。
与在壁7和15之间的腔A的流化床F2的自由表面上所测量的压力相比,在间隙16和槽18处的流化床F2的自由表面上存在较低的压力;因此,并且由于这三个所述的区域功能上可比作连通容器,在所述基板4上,与在壁7和15之间的高度相比,在间隙16和槽18中的流化床F2的高度较高。
应该注意到冷却流化床F2仅通过用于支撑所述床的搁板14,与位于上方的造粒流化床F1流体连通。
还应该注意到上述间隙16具备管道功能,即所谓的下导管,用于从床F1向床F2传输颗粒。
在流化床F2中,热的成品颗粒与室温下供给的流化空气流进行热交换。在成品颗粒冷却的同时,该空气被颗粒加热。并且来自流化床F2的该相同的被加热过的空气用作供给造粒流化床F1的流化空气。
由于此原因,所述基板4和位于上方的搁板14之间的空间A的区域被称为颗粒冷却区域,同时它被认为是造粒流化床F1的流化空气的预热区域。
向造粒流化床设备供送预热流化空气意味着,一方面提供为形成和保持所述流化床所必需的空气量,另一方面,供给该相同的流化床所必需的热量,以便减少或甚至阻止生长物质过早凝固,同时使生长物质中可能存在的溶剂蒸发,其中所述的生长物质是以溶液形式供给生长流化床内的。
利用来自颗粒冷却流化床的空气作为造粒流化床的预热流化空气时,同样意味着降低了实现造粒方法的总空气消耗。
流化床F2(颗粒冷却流化床和流化空气预热床)的高度使得槽18中的自由表面到达前板17的上边缘,确保完成且冷却的颗粒排出到容器2的外部。
由于公知的流化床具有与液体完全可比较的性能,因而在槽18内、间隙16内和空间A内的颗粒的水平面稳定在对应的测压高度。
所以应该注意到,通过确定流化床F2的高度,所述前板17的高度也确定了在冷却区域中热的成品颗粒的平均保留时间,因而确定了从容器2排出的成品颗粒的温度,尤其是,确定了流化空气的预热温度。
从上述“排出”成品颗粒开始,本发明的方法和对应设备就处于运转中。
在该点,应该注意本发明的方法的一个基本特征:分别用于成品颗粒的造粒和冷却/流化空气的预热的流化床F1和F2由相同的流化空气流形成并且支撑,所述流化床F1和F2相对于所述流化空气流实质上按顺序排列。
上述方法的第二特征是热的成品颗粒从所述造粒流化床向冷却流化床基本成小瀑布状浇注。
本发明的主要优点如所述,包括:相对于实施至今的现有技术的流化床造粒方法所需要的能量,本发明大大节约了能量消耗,其中温度控制是通过导入附加的热空气流,或通过在造粒方法的操作周期的预定情况下借助热交换器对流化空气本身的预热完成的。考虑到在上述方法中涉及大量的流化空气和附加热空气,上述节约的能量实质上转化为使得该方法的运行成本同样显著减少。
由于利用了成品颗粒的冷却流化床的流化空气的单流,并按顺序利用了造粒流化床,该造粒流化床包括对随后供给后面操作的空气有效的预热,因此,该优点成为可能。
根据优选的实施例,该前板17包括可调节高度(能垂直滑动)的活动隔板21。
通过改变该前板17的高度,第二流化床F2的高度也随着变化。这意味着,如果该前板17的高度增加,那么第二流化床F2的高度也增加,因此,该床内的颗粒的平均保留时间也增加。
这需要改进上述颗粒和流化空气之间的热交换,其可增加进入造粒流化床F1内的入口温度。
这样本发明容易在发明原理框架下作进一步的变化和修改,这同样落在由权利要求所限定属于本发明的保护范围内。
例如,槽18和间隙16的宽度可以分别比相应短前壁7和面板15的宽度要小。

Claims (10)

1.在受控温度下一种预定物质的流化床(F1)造粒方法,包括如下步骤:从所述造粒流化床(F1)中移走热的成品颗粒,在冷却流化床(F2)中冷却所述颗粒,所述流化床由专门的流化空气流连续的形成和支撑,其特征在于,从所述的成品颗粒的所述冷却流化床(F2)出来的至少部分流化空气被导入造粒流化床(F1)。
2.如权利要求1所述的造粒方法,其特征在于,所有被导入造粒流化床(F1)的流化空气来自冷却流化床(F2)。
3.如权利要求1所述的造粒方法,其特征在于,实质上所有来自冷却流化床(F2)的流化空气用作所述造粒流化床(F1)的流化空气。
4.在受控温度下一种预定物质的流化床(F1)造粒方法,包括在专门的冷却流化床(F2)中冷却热的成品颗粒的步骤,其特征在于,它利用单流流化空气按顺序连续形成和支撑所述冷却流化床(F2)和造粒流化床(F1),所述冷却流化床(F2)和造粒流化床(F1)相对于所述单流实质上按顺序排列。
5.如权利要求4所述的造粒方法,其特征在于,所述物质的成品颗粒实质上以瀑布状被输送到所述冷却流化床(F1)中。
6.一种用于实施权利要求4所述的在受控温度下流化床造粒方法的设备,包括形状基本上类似容器的自承式结构(2),所述结构内限定造粒空间(A),所述空间内放置用于支撑造粒流化床(F1)的搁板(14),其特征在于,在所述空间(A)内,包括另一基板(4),所述基板(4)放置在所述搁板(14)下并且距所述搁板(14)保持预定的距离,所述基板(4)用于支撑来自所述造粒流化床(F1)的热的成品颗粒的专门的冷却流化床(F2),所述冷却流化床(F2)通过所述搁板(14)与所述造粒流化床(F1)实现流体连通,所述搁扳(14)设有多孔、格栅或设成能使气流通过的任何形式;还包括下导管(16),所述下导管在所述空间(A)内沿垂直方向延伸,该下导管适用于将成品颗粒从所述造粒流化床(F1)运送到所述另一基板(4)处的所述冷却流化床(F2),还包括在所述另一基板(4)下并在所述空间(A)内用于供给和分配流化空气的装置(22,19),所述装置(22,19)用于形成并保持所述冷却流化床(F2)和所述造粒流化床(F1),所述冷却流化床(F2)和所述造粒流化床(F1)相对所述气流按顺序排列。
7.如权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,所述下导管(16)包括垂直面板(15),所述垂直面板15被支撑在所述空间(A)中,并与所述容器结构(2)的壁(8)保持预定间隔关系,以限定间隙(16),所述面板(15)具有与所述另一基板(4)分隔开的水平底侧边,以便限定通道(15a),所述通道适于使所述间隙(16)与位于上述基板(4)上方的所述空间(A)相连通。
8.如权利要求7所述的设备,其特征在于,所述间隙(16)通过设在所述空间(A)的开口(11)在顶部与所述空间(A)相连通。
9.如权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,所述冷却流化床(F2)通过槽(18)与外部连通,所述槽被包含在所述容器结构(2)的壁(7)和前板(17)之间,所述前板(17)固定于支撑所述冷却流化床(F2)的所述基板(4)上,并优选的与所述顶壁(7)平行。
10.如权利要求9所述的设备,其特征在于,所述前板(17)包括可移动的、高度可调节的活动隔板(21)。
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CN105682784B (zh) * 2013-09-27 2019-08-20 贝克赛股份有限公司 流体床分类元件

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EP1491253A1 (en) 2004-12-29
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US7966745B2 (en) 2011-06-28
AU2004253239B2 (en) 2010-01-07
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RU2006102027A (ru) 2006-07-27
CA2528856A1 (en) 2005-01-13
CA2528856C (en) 2011-03-29
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DE602004002960D1 (de) 2006-12-07
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ATE343422T1 (de) 2006-11-15
BRPI0411979A (pt) 2006-08-29

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