CN1776934A - 形成有散热层的电池外壳和使用它的锂聚合物电池 - Google Patents
形成有散热层的电池外壳和使用它的锂聚合物电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1776934A CN1776934A CNA2005101091564A CN200510109156A CN1776934A CN 1776934 A CN1776934 A CN 1776934A CN A2005101091564 A CNA2005101091564 A CN A2005101091564A CN 200510109156 A CN200510109156 A CN 200510109156A CN 1776934 A CN1776934 A CN 1776934A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- heat dissipating
- dissipating layer
- lithium polymer
- battery case
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种在其表面上具有散热层的电池外壳和使用该电池外壳的锂聚合物电池。该散热层可改善电池的散热性和机械强度,也能改善PTC器件的响应性。该电池外壳包括具有第一和第二表面的金属层,在金属层的第一表面上的散热层,和在金属层的第二表面上的流延聚丙烯(CPP)层。该锂聚合物电池具有电连接于保护电路模块的PTC器件。该PTC器件直接接触该电池外壳的散热层,从而改善该PTC器件的响应性。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2004年10月18日递交到韩国知识产权局的韩国专利申请No.10-2004-0083275的优先权和利益,该申请全部内容结合在此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括散热层的电池外壳(sheath)和使用该电池外壳的锂聚合物电池。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种电池外壳,可以改善锂聚合物电池的散热性能和正温度系数(PTC)器件对温度增加的响应。
背景技术
如本领域所公知,锂聚合物电池是指一种具有包括置于正、负极板之间的隔板的电极组件的电池。隔板执行电解液的作用,即它作为离子传导的介质。另外,隔板充当用于隔离的介质。隔板可提高离子传导率,并且包含凝胶型聚合物电解液,它可通过将聚合物浸透电解液而制成。除了能提高离子传导率之外,凝胶型聚合物电解液还具有优良的电极粘合性、机械特性,以及易于制造等优点。具有代表性的一种凝胶型聚合物电解液为一种可从Bellcore公司获得的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基电解液,该PVDF基电解液是通过将偏二氟乙烯(VDF)和六氟丙烯(hexafluoropropylene,HFP)的共聚物、可塑剂、以及无机添加剂混合而形成膜后,将膜用电解液浸透,并使膜成为凝胶而制备成的。
锂聚合物电池和锂离子电池在如下几个方面是不同的。首先,与锂离子电池不同,锂聚合物电池可具有板结构,并且无需卷绕。因此,锂聚合物电池可以具有包括几层叠层板的电极组件,并且可以制造成正方形结构。第二,锂聚合物电池中,电解液被注入到完全成一体的电池中,因而几乎不会泄漏。第三,锂聚合物电池的板结构使得在形成正方形形状时无需施加压力。因此,可以使用薄且柔软的袋,而非坚硬的正方形或圆柱形罐作为电池外壳。
当使用柔软的袋作为电池外壳时,与使用罐作为电池外壳相比,可大大减小电池外壳的厚度。因此,同样的体积可以容纳更多电极组件。这将会显著增加电池容量。柔软的袋型电池外壳使电池易于制造成任何想要的形状,并且使电池易于安装在各种电子设备上。然而,袋型电池外壳不能很好地散热,因而缩短电池的使用寿命。具体地说,袋型电池外壳通常包括在其表面上的尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。这些材料使得散热性能降低,而且不能有效地抵抗充电/放电期间产生的热量。此外,放电量会随温度的升高而增加,这将会急剧缩短电池的使用寿命。
当电池的温度上升至阈值水平以上时,电极组件或电解液就会分解并因而产生大量气体。产生的气体使得电池内部的压力增加,并引起电池膨胀,这会严重降低电池的可靠性。
锂聚合物电池配备有正温度系数(PTC)器件。这种PTC器件的阻抗随温度增加,并且当温度升高时阻断充电电流。这种PTC器件被置于保护电路模块本身或保护电路模块与电极组件的连接部分上。PTC器件在电池温度上升时减小或阻断流过该器件的电流。随着电流的减小或阻断,电池发热以及温度升高就会基本停止。PTC器件的一部分接触电池外壳,以使它能对电池温度进行响应。然而,如上所述,电池外壳包括在其表面上的尼龙或PET,这些材料降低散热性能,并且电池外壳内部产生的热量不能被迅速传递到PTC器件。因此,PTC器件不能迅速响应电池的温度升高,这将严重降低电池的可靠性。
另外,常规电池外壳的机械强度低,并且非常容易在外部冲击下损坏。例如,如果电池外壳被诸如针或钉子之类的尖物刺到,则容易形成穿孔。而且,如果电池外壳被宠物咬了,也很容易破裂。此外,如果尖物接触到内部的电极组件,那么尖物对电池外壳的穿透就会引起短路。结果,电池就可能起火或爆炸。
发明内容
在本发明一个实施例中,提供一种具有改善的散热性能的电池外壳,以抑制在充电和放电过程中电池内的温度升高。该电池外壳在其表面上包括散热层。正温度系数(PTC)器件接触该散热层,从而改进该PTC器件的响应性。该电池外壳具有改进的机械强度、抗腐蚀性和抗冲击性。
该电池外壳包括:具有第一和第二表面的金属层,具有预定厚度、位于该金属层的第一表面上的散热层,和具有预定厚度、位于该金属层的第二表面上的流延聚丙烯(cast polypropylene,CPP)层。
根据本发明的另一实施例,提供一种锂聚合物电池,包括具有多个由多个隔板使它们彼此隔开的正、负极板。正极接线片和负极接线片分别连接于该正、负极板,并从该正、负极板伸出预定长度。具有散热层的外壳包括具有用于容纳电极组件的空腔的容器,以及用于覆盖该容器的空腔的盖。
该电池外壳包括在其表面上的散热层。该散热层既是电绝缘体又是导热体。该散热层使电池充电/放电期间的散热性能最大化,并提高电池的使用寿命和可靠性。
PTC器件被连接在保护电路模块和电极组件之间,并且直接接触电池外壳的散热层。这种接触能使PTC器件迅速感知电池内的温度升高,并阻断或减小电流流动,从而显著改善电池的可靠性。
此外,在该电池外壳上的散热层可改善电池的机械强度,并且增加抗腐蚀性以及抗冲击性。
附图说明
参照下面结合附图的详细描述,将使本发明的以上及其它目的、特征和优点变得更清楚,其中:
图1A为根据本发明一个实施例的电池外壳的透视图;
图1B为图1A的电池外壳的放大的横截面图;
图2为根据本发明另一实施例的电池外壳的透视图;
图2A为图2的电池外壳的区域A的局部放大图;
图3A为根据本发明一个实施例的锂聚合物电池的透视图;
图3B为图3A的锂聚合物电池的透视图,所示的是电极接线片弯折后的状态;
图4为图3B的锂聚合物电池的部分侧横截面图;
图4A为图3B的电池的区域B的局部放大图;
图4B为图3B的电池的区域C的局部放大图;
图5A为根据本发明一个实施例的电池外壳的透视图,显示了制造锂聚合物电池的方法的第一步骤;
图5为图5A的外壳的区域D的局部放大图;
图5B为图5A的外壳的透视图,显示了制造锂聚合物电池的方法的第二步骤;
图5C为图5B的外壳的透视图,显示了制造锂聚合物电池的方法的第三步骤;
图5D为图5C的外壳的透视图,显示了制造锂聚合物电池的方法的第四步骤;
图5E为图5D的外壳的透视图,显示了制造锂聚合物电池的方法的第五步骤。
具体实施方式
下面,将参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施例。在以下描述和附图中,相同的附图标记用于标示相同部件,以避免对相同或相似部件的重复描述。
图1A为根据本发明一个实施例的电池外壳的透视图,图1B为图1A的电池外壳的放大的横截面图。如图1A和1B所示,电池外壳110包括金属层111、散热层112和流延聚丙烯(CPP)层113。
金属层111具有第一表面111a和第二表面111b。金属层111的厚度近似为约20~约100μm。如果金属层111的厚度小于约20μm,在加工过程中,它会容易被折断或损坏。如果金属层111的厚度大于约100μm,则很难加工。
该金属层可包括选自由铁(Fe)、碳(C)、铬(Cr)和锰(Mn)的合金,铁(Fe)、碳(C)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)的合金,以及铝(Al)组成的组中的材料。如果金属层包括铁,则会提高其机械强度。如果金属层包括铝,则会改善其散热性。当金属层111包括铁时,它可以包括包含约84~约88.2%的铁、0.5%或更少的碳、约11~约15%的铬和约0.3~约0.5%的锰的合金。或者,该合金可以包含约63.7~约75.9%的铁、约0.1~约0.3%的碳、约12~约18%的铬以及约7~约12%的镍。另外,金属层可包括选自由韩国工业标准(KS)STS 301、STS 304、STS 305、STS 316L和STS 321,以及日本工业标准(JIS)SUS 301、SUS 304、SUS 316L和SUS 321组成的组中的材料。
散热层112通过涂敷或层压而设置于金属层111的第一表面111a上。在一个实施例中,散热层的厚度为约5~约10μm。如果散热层112的厚度小于约5μm,则其散热性能不能满足要求。如果散热层112的厚度大于约10μm,则很难加工散热层。散热层可包含既是电绝缘体又是热导体的材料。用于散热层的合适材料的非限制性实例包括导热聚合物、导热弹性体、导热硅弹性件。散热层112还可包含陶瓷粉末(ceramic powder)和粘合树脂的混合物。
散热层112可通过涂敷的方式形成于金属层111上。在涂敷之后,将该散热层在约140~约200℃的预定温度进行热处理。或者,散热层112还可利用加热,制成薄片并层压在金属层111上。
用在散热层112中的陶瓷粉末的非限制性实例包括氧化铝(Al2O3)、氮化铝(AlN)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化铍(BeO)、碳化硅(SiC)和石墨。在一个实施例中,陶瓷粉末的平均颗粒尺寸为几个微米。陶瓷粉末和粘合树脂的混合物包括约5~约50体积%的陶瓷粉末。如果混合物包含少于的5体积%的陶瓷粉末,则不能充分改善散热性能。如果混合物包含大于50体积%的陶瓷粉末,则会降低对金属层111的粘合强度。当在混合物中存在的陶瓷粉末为上述范围之内时,可提高散热性能,并保持较强的对金属层的粘合强度。
通过涂敷或层压的方式在金属层111的第二表面111b上形成CPP层113。CPP层113的厚度范围为约30~约40μm。由于要使电极组件热粘合于CPP层113,因此CPP层113的厚度稍大于金属层111的厚度。该CPP层也可形成于金属层111的第一表面111a上,并被用作散热层。
图2为包括第一区域214和第二区域215的电池外壳210的透视图。第一区域214和第二区域215在密封袋时热结合。第一区域214包括尺寸和形状形成为可容纳电极组件(未示出)的空腔216。第二区域215是适于盖住第一区域214的空腔216的盖。金属层211的厚度至少为约20μm,以防止在形成空腔216过程中损坏电池外壳。第一区域214还包括围绕空腔216边缘的唇部217。唇部217热结合于第二区域215的CPP层213,并逆着空腔216折叠,使得PTC器件231和保护电路模块230可以位于第一区域214的前端218的前面,如图3A和3B所示。
空腔216用铸模通过接触CPP层213而形成。因此,CPP层213的厚度大于金属层211的厚度,金属层的厚度大于散热层212的厚度。
图3A和图3B显示PTC器件231和保护电路模块230到电极接线片224和225的连接。如图所示,该锂聚合物电池包括电池外壳210、容纳于电池外壳210中的电极组件,以及电连接于电极组件的保护电路模块230。
如图4、4A和4B所示,电池外壳210包括金属层211、在金属层211的第一表面上的散热层212,以及在金属层211的第二表面上的CPP层213。电池外壳210包括具有空腔216的第一区域214和用于覆盖空腔216的第二区域215。在将电极组件放置于空腔216中之后,将位于空腔216外围边缘上的唇部217和第二区域215的与唇部217叠置的部分进行热结合。第一和第二区域214和215的CPP层213进行热结合。然后热结合部分逆着第二区域215的外表面折叠,以使电池外壳的尺寸最小。图3A示出了已经热结合但还没有折叠以最小化外壳尺寸的电池外壳。图3B显示了热结合部分已经折叠的电池外壳。
如图4、4A和4B所示,电极组件220包括多个正极板221和负极板223,且正极板221和负极板223由多个隔板222彼此隔开。正极接线片224和负极接线片225分别连接于正极板221和负极板223,并从电极组件220伸出预定长度。正极接线片224和负极接线片225进一步伸到电池外壳210的外部。正极接线片224可以包含铝,负极接线片225可以包含镍。
保护电路模块230通过PTC器件231电连接于正或负极接线片之一。正负极接线片中的另一个可直接连接于保护电路模块230。PTC器件231可紧邻保护电路模块230,但可以理解PTC器件可放置于任何其它希望的位置。
在一个实施例中,在正极接线片224和负极接线片225分别弯折之后,将保护电路模块230置于外壳210的前端218的前面。正极接线片和负极接线片被弯折一次,以将它们设置为靠着外壳210的前端218。PTC器件231置于正极接线片224和负极接线片225之一上。PTC器件的一部分接触外壳210的前端218,以使PTC器件能够响应于温度增加。保护电路模块230置于正极接线片224、负极接线片225和PTC器件231上。尽管被弯折数次,正极接线片224和负极接线片225的端部电连接到保护电路模块230上。
散热层212位于电池外壳210的最外表面上,并且可以改善电池的散热性能。另外,散热层212能迅速传递热到PTC器件231,从而改善PTC器件231对温度增加的响应。而且,散热层212具有高的机械强度和优良的抗腐蚀性和抗冲击性,从而提高了电池的可靠性。
图5A、5和5B至5E示出了根据本发明制造锂聚合物电池的方法的一系列步骤。如图5A和5所示,首先将电池外壳310制造成预定形状。具体地说,电池外壳310包括具有形状和尺寸适于容纳电极组件(未示出)的空腔316的第一区域314和用于覆盖第一区域314的第二区域315。该第一区域还包括沿着空腔316边缘的唇部317,以及前端318。保护电路模块330位于第一区域314的前端318的前面。
电池外壳310具有分层结构,包括金属层311、在金属层311第一表面上的散热层312以及在金属层311第二表面上的CPP层313。散热层312位于电池外壳310的外表面上,并提高电池的散热性能和机械强度。散热层312还改善PTC器件331的响应性能。
如图5B所示,电极组件320容纳在电池外壳310的第一区域314的空腔316中。电极组件320包括正极板321、负极板323和位于电极板之间的隔板322。卷绕电极板和隔板形成电极组件320,正极接线片324和负极接线片325分别连接于正极板321和负极板323。正极接线片324和负极接线片325从电极组件延伸预定长度,并伸到电池外壳310的外部。
如图5C所示,保护电路模块330电连接于电极组件320的正极接线片324和负极接线片325。PTC器件331被电连接于保护电路模块330与负极接线片325和正极接线片324之一之间。PTC器件331可迅速检测电池的温度升高,从而减小或阻断电流流动。
如图5D所示,保护电路模块330被设置为靠着电池外壳310的前端318。正极接线片324和负极接线片325被弯折若干次,以将保护电路模块330设置为靠着前端318。具体地说,正极接线片324和负极接线片325被弯折第一次,于是正极接线片324、负极接线片325以及PTC器件331被设置为靠着前端318。可以将导热带(未示出)可以连接于前端318的表面上,用于加强将热传递到PTC器件331。导热带可以包含既是电绝缘体又是导热体的材料。然后正极接线片324和负极接线片325被又一次弯折,以使保护电路模块330平稳地设置为靠着前端318。为了更好地进行粘合,可将导热粘合带置于保护电路模块330和前端318之间。
如图5E所示,然后将电池外壳310的唇部317向空腔316弯曲,从而完成锂聚合物电池。以这种方式折叠唇部317可使电池300的尺寸最小。金属层311通过唇部317被暴露在外,但可使用绝缘件将唇部密封,以防止金属层311暴露。
如上所述,根据本发明的锂聚合物电池的电池外壳包括散热层,该散热层既是电绝缘体又是热导体。这些散热层最大程度地改善了电池充电/放电期间的散热性能,并延长了电池的使用寿命,提高了电池的可靠性。
电连接于电极组件和保护电路模块之间的PTC器件直接接触散热层,使PTC器件能够迅速检测电池温度增加,因而阻断或减少电流的流动。这就显著提高了电池的可靠性。
此外,在电池外壳表面上的散热层可提高机械强度以及抗腐蚀和抗冲击性。
仅出于说明的目的,描述了本发明的示例性实施例。本领域的技术人员将会明白,只要不背离所附权利要求公开的本发明的精神和范围,可对本发明进行各种修改、增加和替换。
Claims (28)
1、一种电池外壳,包括:
具有第一和第二表面的金属层;
位于该金属层的第一表面上的散热层;和
位于该金属层的第二表面上的流延聚丙烯(CPP)层。
2、如权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其中,该金属层包含选自由铝,铁(Fe)、碳(C)、铬(Cr)和锰(Mn)的合金,以及铁(Fe)、碳(C)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)的合金组成的组中的材料。
3、如权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其中该散热层为电绝缘体。
4、如权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其中该散热层包含选自由导热聚合物、导热弹性体和导热硅弹性体组成的组中的材料。
5、如权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其中该散热层包含陶瓷粉末和粘合树脂的混合物。
6、如权利要求5所述的电池外壳,其中该陶瓷粉末包含选自由氧化铝(Al2O3)、氮化铝(AlN)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化铍(BeO)、碳化硅(SiC)和石墨组成的组中的材料。
7、如权利要求5所述的电池外壳,其中该混合物中存在的陶瓷粉末为约5~约50体积%。
8、如权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其中该散热层的厚度范围为约5~约10μm。
9、如权利要求1所述的电池外壳,其中该散热层包含CPP。
10、如权利要求1所述的电池外壳,进一步包括具有适于容纳电极组件的空腔的第一区域,以及适于覆盖第一区域的第二区域。
11、如权利要求10所述的电池外壳,其中该第一区域的至少一部分热结合于第二区域的至少一部分。
12、一种锂聚合物电池,包括:
电极组件,具有至少一个正极板、至少一个负极板、至少一个位于正和负极板之间的隔板、连接于正极板的正极接线片和连接于负极板的负极接线片;以及
在表面上具有散热层的外壳,该外壳包括具有适于容纳电极组件的空腔的第一区域,和用于覆盖所述第一区域的第二区域。
13、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该外壳还包括:
具有第一和第二表面的金属层,其中散热层位于金属层的第一表面上;和
在金属层的第二表面上的CPP层。
14、如权利要求13所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该金属层包含选自由铝,铁(Fe)、碳(C)、铬(Cr)和锰(Mn)的合金,以及铁(Fe)、碳(C)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)的合金组成的组中的材料。
15、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该散热层为电绝缘体。
16、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中,该散热层包含选自由导热聚合物、导热弹性体和导热硅弹性体组成的组中的材料。
17、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该散热层包含陶瓷粉末和粘合树脂的混合物。
18、如权利要求17所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该陶瓷粉末包含选自由氧化铝(Al2O3)、氮化铝(AlN)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化铍(BeO)、碳化硅(SiC)和石墨组成的组中的材料。
19、如权利要求17所述的锂聚合物电池,其中在混合物中存在的陶瓷粉末量的范围为约5~约50体积%。
20、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该散热层的厚度范围为约5~约10μm。
21、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该散热层包含CPP。
22、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该正、负极接线片被电连接到保护电路模块上,并且在外壳的表面上在保护电路模块与正、负极接线片之一之间设置正温度系数(PTC)器件。
23、如权利要求12所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该外壳的第一区域的至少一部分热结合于所述外壳的第二区域的至少一部分。
24、一种电池外壳,包括:
具有第一和第二表面的金属层;
位于该金属层的第一表面上的散热层,该散热层包含选自由导热聚合物、导热弹性体、导热硅弹性体,以及陶瓷粉末和粘合树脂的混合物组成的组中的材料;以及
位于金属层的第二表面上的流延聚丙烯(CPP)层。
25、如权利要求24所述的电池外壳,其中该散热层包含陶瓷粉末和粘合树脂的混合物,所述陶瓷粉末包含选自由氧化铝(Al2O3)、氮化铝(AlN)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化铍(BeO)、碳化硅(SiC)和石墨组成的组中的材料。
26、一种锂聚合物电池,包括:
电极组件,具有至少一个正极板、至少一个负极板、至少一个位于正和负极板之间的隔板、连接于正极板的正极接线片和连接于负极板的负极接线片;
外壳,具有位于外壳表面上的散热层,该外壳包括具有适于容纳电极组件的空腔的第一区域,和用于覆盖第一区域的第二区域;
保护电路模块,连接于正、负极接线片之一;以及
正温度系数(PTC)器件,连接于正、负极接线片中的另一个。
27、如权利要求26所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该外壳的散热层包含选自由导热聚合物、导热弹性体、导热硅弹性体,以及陶瓷粉末和粘合树脂的混合物组成的组中的材料。
28、如权利要求27所述的锂聚合物电池,其中该外壳的散热层包含陶瓷粉末和粘合树脂的混合物,所述陶瓷粉末包含选自由氧化铝(Al2O3)、氮化铝(AlN)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化铍(BeO)、碳化硅(SiC)和石墨组成的组中的材料。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8021779B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
US20060083984A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
JP4541961B2 (ja) | 2010-09-08 |
KR20060034130A (ko) | 2006-04-21 |
KR100624950B1 (ko) | 2006-09-15 |
CN100479229C (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
JP2006114475A (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
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