CN1764764A - 两面覆盖丝网的矿棉板材 - Google Patents

两面覆盖丝网的矿棉板材 Download PDF

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CN1764764A
CN1764764A CNA2004800083371A CN200480008337A CN1764764A CN 1764764 A CN1764764 A CN 1764764A CN A2004800083371 A CNA2004800083371 A CN A2004800083371A CN 200480008337 A CN200480008337 A CN 200480008337A CN 1764764 A CN1764764 A CN 1764764A
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sheet material
mineral wool
central layer
silk screen
fiber
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CN100422470C (zh
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H·E·索里亚诺
G·纳瓦罗尼德科恩
A·科洛马
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Saint Gobain Isover SA France
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Abstract

本发明涉及一类用来制作气体管道，尤其是空调管道的而且结构刚度提高了矿棉板材，它是由矿棉制，特别是玻璃棉制的中间芯板组成，此芯板的两个表面上有覆盖层，该芯板在所得到管道的内部表面上加入有丝网，本发明板材的特征在于：它包含有芯板(1)，芯板的两个表面，不管是内表面还是外表面，每个表面都加入有各自的丝网(2)，分布在整个表面上，这两个丝网(2)通过粘合剂粘结到芯板(1)的表面上，而此粘合剂可以通过热的作来固化。

Description

说明书 两面覆盖丝网的矿棉板材
发明领域
本发明涉及的领域是以矿棉为主要成分的绝热材料，更具体地讲，是用于为通风或空调的气体配送制作自承式管道的材料。
发明的目的
本发明涉及的是两面覆盖有丝网的矿棉板材，与发明前工艺中用于同样目的的已知方法相比，它的特征实质上是创新的，优点是明显的。
本发明更具体地提出了对一类板材进行的调整，这类板材是用来为配送空调气体制作自承式管道的，这里的板材是由矿棉，最好是，但不是绝对地，由玻璃棉制作的，板材的两面覆盖有丝网，用于后来通过粘贴来接受为板材准备的任何其他覆盖层，在此板材中，该覆盖两面的丝网使所得到板材的结构强度有相当大的均匀提高，因而不论是对正压还是对负压而言，都改善了加有丝网板材的管道性能。
本发明的应用范围是工业部门，当然这个部门是致力于为传送气体的设备，尤其是为传送空调气体的设备来制造零部件的。
发明的背景和摘要
按照由发明前已知工艺所知道的，用矿棉板材，尤其是用玻璃棉板材为配送空调气体制作自承式管道是一个广泛使用的共同惯例。
在西班牙RITE(建筑中热设备规范)条例的ITE04.4节就涉及到用金属板和玻璃棉为配送气体制造的自承式管道。
用于构建管道的矿棉制板材，通常是玻璃棉制板材，它是由矿棉芯板组成的，它包含有用热固粘合剂聚结的源于玻璃的纤维，覆盖在其两个面上(板材的边缘不一定覆盖)。应该指出的是这里板材的“表面”是指面积较大的主要表面。
一般说来，这些板材中所使用的覆盖层如下：
a)管道的内表面：通常这个表面覆盖有一层称作“复合物(complexe)”的由铝薄膜和牛皮纸胶合在一起构成的组合物，它们的安置及其组成或其层的次序是可以不同的。在市场上可得到的某些已知产品中，在板材制作期间，在要处在管道内部的表面上，可以在板材的芯板上，加入了玻璃丝网(非织造的玻璃纤维织造)，这种丝网然后覆盖上该复合物。在市场上还有一种使用越来越少的产品，其内表面的覆盖层只有该丝网，而没有任何附加的复合物覆盖层。
这些不同形式覆盖层的功能都是防止纤维被管道中流动的气体剥离掉。
b)管道的外表面：这个表面总是覆盖有金属层或覆盖有一种称作“复合物”的由铝层、牛皮纸和玻璃纤维网构成的组合(这些层的安置和组成或次序可以不同)。
事实上，这种类型的板材是熟知的，其芯板可以只是在其一个表面加上玻璃纤维丝网，该表面一旦形成，总是处在与管道内表面相应的那部分上。在管道内部，这个丝网可以处于无覆盖层状态，或者是有一覆盖层。
目前市场上还没有听说有的板材在矿棉芯板的外表面上加入玻璃纤维丝网或有机聚合物纤维丝网，来使外面的覆盖层或复合物能直接粘贴在此表面上。
把构建管道用的玻璃棉板材剪切开，组装起来，以建立气体配送管道的管网。
在实践中，这些板材所构成管道内部的气体是在一定的静态和动态压力下进行运送的。因此，由于存在管道内部气体所施加的压力，所以管道必须具有一定的刚度，以防止其变形，避免所导致的劣化。为了保证没有变形，除了可以沿着管道放置加固部件之外，构建管道的板材必须具有一定的抗弯刚度。
在制作管道这个具体的应用中，使用板材要求这个抗弯强度或抗变形强度既适用于正压(管道的膨胀)，也适用于负压(管道内部横截面的收缩或减少)。归根结底，板材必须在两个方向上具有抗弯强度。
正如我们所知道的，这类管道的刚度可以根据板材的杨氏模量和转动惯量来评估。同样，当在其自重的作用下，或是当受到负荷时，板材的抗弯曲刚度可以由其变形来评估。
通过对板材的芯板(典型地是由矿棉，通常是玻璃棉，和使其聚结的合成树脂组成)做一些改善，一般就可以得到所希望的刚度水平。这些改善就是对这类玻璃纤维及使其结合的粘合剂进行处理或改善，以及提高组合体的密度，而这里的组合体是由这些板材的芯板部件所构成的。
尽管在板材的芯板上铺设各种各样的覆盖层理论上对加强板材的刚度是有好处的，但是刚度的提高并不是非常重要的，或者说实际上使板材具有较高等级的刚度起码是不够的，这是因为作用在管道内部的压力方式决定了板材的不同行为。
本发明的主要目的是提出一种由矿棉，最好是由玻璃棉，制成的板材，它的特征是结构刚度得到了明显的改善。这个目标是通过矿棉板材而完全地实现了，这构成了下面描述的主题，在权利要求项1的导言中指出了其主要特征。
本发明主要是提出了板材的构成，这种板材与其他已知的同类板材是根本不同的，本发明板材的具体特点是在板材所包含芯板的两个表面上都覆盖有丝网。
事实上，对于加上单一丝网来覆盖内侧的板材来说，由于只是在管道的一个表面上有丝网，所以看来刚度不是均匀的。
由于两个表面的丝网造成了表面刚度和抗拉伸强度的提高，所以按照本发明，板材的结构刚度就得到了所希望的提高，从而对正压和负压(冲压管和回流管或吸入管)，管道都能具有较大的强度。
按照本发明，在板材芯板的每一表面上都安置有丝网，它可以以玻璃纤维和有机聚合物纤维为主要成分来制造，或者可以包含聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维的混合物，而后面这两种纤维则是织造在一起，或者是通过粘合剂或合成树脂非织造地粘结在一起，而且它还可以选择性地加入纱线构成的增强物。这样一来，就得到了高度加固了的具有更大结构刚度的板材，当用于构建空气调节装置用管道时，其相对于正压或负压的行为得到明显改善。
本发明的目的还是一种提高这类制作气体管道用矿棉板材刚度的方法。
附图简述
参考附图，下面只是作为说明性的例子，而不意味着有任何限制地给出一个实施例，从这个实施例的详细描述中可以清楚地看出本发明的特征和优点以及其他有关事项，这些附图中有：
-图1表示出按照本发明方法所构建矿棉板材的透视图。
优选实施例的描述
如上面所指出的，下面将利用附图给出本发明板材实施例的详细说明。从这个意义上来讲，这张唯一的图表示出本发明板材的一个透视简图，其中可以看出一个矿棉制芯板1，按照本发明，其内部和外部表面都可以接受一个丝网2，固定于该表面上，该丝网布满在相应的整个表面上，在外部表面上可以铺设上所希望的覆盖层3，4。
每一个丝网2都加在板材芯板的内部和外部表面上，此丝网则是由许多织造的或非织造的玻璃纤维或有机聚合物纤维组成。制作该丝网2的材料还可以包含有聚合物(特别是聚酯)纤维与玻璃纤维的混合物是有好处的。
作为例子，按照本发明，有效的丝网克数大约可以是30到50g/m2，最好是35到40g/m2。
当它们是玻璃纤维时，可以是通过在气流中拉制玻璃细丝而得到矿棉纤维，或者是切断的纺织玻璃纱线。
一般说来，丝网，特别是非织造丝网，可以包含有通过粘合剂或合成树脂粘结在一起的纤维。
组成这些丝网的纤维，不管是织造的还是非织造的，都可以包含有加固纱线，它们可以是天然的纱线或是合成的纱线，尤其是聚合物纱线，或是通过玻璃细丝的拉制/卷绕而得到的玻璃纱线。
在生产矿棉芯板(最好是玻璃棉芯板)的同一过程中，在合成粘合剂通过固化烘箱之前，把丝网2固定在此芯板1上，这里的粘合剂用来与矿棉的玻璃纤维相混合。特别是使用使组成矿棉的纤维聚结的同类合成粘合剂，把丝网2粘结在芯板1上。用这种方法，把包含还没固化的合成粘合剂的矿棉放置在所述类型丝网的两个表面之间，呈三明治样。把每个侧面都包含有丝网2的该矿棉三明治放入烘箱，粘合剂在此烘箱中在热的作用下固化，以便使这个三明治的各部分相互结合起来，从而构成一组合体，呈刚性板材的形式。这种使丝网2加到矿棉芯板1中的方法能保证这些部件紧密地结合在一起，给出使芯板1的刚度增加的优点，这远大于不这样胶合时同样丝网所能提供的刚度。
因此，在由这些板材制成的管道中，从接触流动气体的最内部表面开始，本发明的板材最后是按以下顺序成形制造的：
-内覆盖层3：这是由多复合层组成的，其最常用的，然而并不是唯一的构型，包括有加上了铝薄膜和牛皮纸；
-板材的芯板1：这是由具有一定密度的矿棉，特别是玻璃棉构成的主体构成，其越向外部的表面(faces extériere et extériere)上加入了丝网2，此丝网是以玻璃纤维或有机聚合物纤维为主要成分的，或者是以两者的组合物为主要成分的；以及
外覆盖层4：这是由多层复合物构成的，其最常用的，但并不是唯一的构型包括使用了铝薄膜，玻璃丝网(treillis)以及牛皮纸；
为了在构建空调气体管道中使用本发明提出的这种板材，尤其是在涉及到其抗弯刚度方面，可以对此板材的组成进行改善，这种改善特别是对这种板材所需要的性质起作用。刚度的提高带来两个主要优点，也就是在大量制作管道之前的操作及运输期间，由改善了的板材所制成管道具有抗膨胀或形变的强度，以及大尺寸板材(长大约3米和厚2.5厘米)具有抗弯曲强度。板材弯成两部分的危险的降低，无论是从操作的观点还是从设备费用观点来看，都是一个重要优点，从而阻止在弯曲区域中使用所述板(材料浪费)。
此外，为了提高板材的刚度，通常的方法是增加板材芯板1的密度或是增加其合成粘合剂的含量，由于这个原因，所以在板材芯板1的两个表面上加上丝网2就能让这两个标准降低，以得到同样的结果，甚至更高的效率。密度减少的百分比值可以超过5％，或是作为一种变体，可以降低粘合剂的含量，相对于不加入所提议改善过程(例如从粘合剂含量12％减到小于10％)的同等板材中所用的值来说，减少大于2％。这种减少导致生产过程成本的降低。因此，如果我们比较一下两种板材，也就是两个表面不加上丝网的常规型第一板材和按照本发明构建的，换句话说，两个表面上装有丝网的第二板材，得到的结果是，对于同样的结构刚度来说，本发明板材的密度大约是第一板材密度的95％。
下面这张图表给出了按照EN 13403标准在本发明板材上和，作为比较，在没有丝网的板材上所作挠曲度测量的结果。可以看到，按照本发明密度明显降低了，而刚度水平却是等同的。
  例子   本发明   比较
  丝网数目   2   0
  密度(kg/m3)   72   82
  绕曲度(mm)   19   20
此外，一旦板材在芯板1的外表面上覆盖了丝网2，按照本发明，这个表面加上丝网也能够增加板材的抗击穿强度。由于丝网2对组合体机械强度的贡献，所以后来粘贴在芯板1上的覆盖层或合成物3，4所承受的应力就减少，在这种情况下，可以利用这个优点来减少覆盖层或复合物。被用在这些复合物上的这部分减少因而影响到它们所含有机成分的克数，这导致外部覆盖层以及整体产品对燃烧的性能得到改善。
按照本发明，在板材芯板1的外表面使用了丝网2的情况下，就得到一个更光滑的表面，这能在以后使用较少胶粘剂或胶把覆盖层(复合物)粘贴在上面，因此产品和覆盖层在燃烧中的性能得到改善，在独立的实验室所进行该特征的实验正是这样。
业内专家能理解本发明的范围和由此得到的优点，以及能发展本发明的主题并付诸于实践，看来用不着把本描述的内容进行扩展。
说到这里，可以看出，本发明是按照它的一个实施例进行描述的，因而在不以任何方式破坏本发明基本原理的情况下，可以对其进行修改，这些修改可以是具体对形状，尺寸，甚至是对制作组合体或其组成部分的材料所进行的。

Claims (7)

1.一类被用来制作气体管道，尤其是空调管道的而且结构刚度提高了的矿棉板材，包括矿棉制，特别是玻璃棉制的中间芯板，此芯板的两个表面上有覆盖层，该芯板在所得到管道的内部表面上加有丝网，本发明板材的特征在于：包含有芯板(1)，芯板的两个表面，不管是内表面还是外表面，每个表面都加入有各自的丝网(2)，分布在整个表面上，这两个丝网(2)通过粘合剂粘结到芯板(1)的表面上，而此粘合剂可以通过热的作用来固化。
2.按照权利要求1所述的矿棉板材，其特征在于：覆盖芯板(1)每个表面的该丝网(2)包括玻璃纤维或有机聚合物纤维，这些纤维通过粘合剂或合成树脂而结合在一起，如果必要的话，或者包括聚合物纤维与玻璃纤维的混合物。
3.按照权利要求2所述的矿棉板材，其特征在于：组成丝网(2)的纤维包含有织造的和/或非织造的纤维。
4.按照权利要求2或3中何一项所述的矿棉板材，其特征在于：组成丝网(2)的织造或非织造纤维包含有加固纱线。
5.按照前面权利要求中的一项或几项所述的矿棉板材，其特征是与同等结构刚度的常规板材相比，密度减少超过了5％。
6.按照前面权利要求中的一项或几项所述的矿棉板材，其特征是气体管道抗膨胀或变形的强度增加了，与只是在一个表面上有覆盖层的板材相比，抗穿刺强度增加。
7.用来提高制造气体管道，特别是空调管道的矿棉板材刚度的方法，这类板材包括矿棉，特别包括玻璃棉制成的中间芯板，而且芯板的两个表面上都有覆盖层，这个方法包括：在芯板每个表面上加上丝网的阶段，这里的丝网扩展在整个该表面上，这两个丝网(2)通过粘合剂被粘结在芯板(1)的表面上，而此粘合剂可以通过热的作用来固化。
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