CN1757267A - 发光二极管驱动器 - Google Patents

发光二极管驱动器 Download PDF

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CN1757267A
CN1757267A CNA028264339A CN02826433A CN1757267A CN 1757267 A CN1757267 A CN 1757267A CN A028264339 A CNA028264339 A CN A028264339A CN 02826433 A CN02826433 A CN 02826433A CN 1757267 A CN1757267 A CN 1757267A
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led
emitting diode
light emitting
capacitor
alternating current
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CN100586240C (zh
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B·克劳贝格
R·埃哈特
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Signify Holding BV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/39—Circuits containing inverter bridges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]

Abstract

公开了一种LED驱动器(10)。LED驱动器(10)包括高频逆变器(20)和阻抗电路(30)。高频逆变器(20)用来产生高频电压源，而阻抗电路(30)引导交变电流通过LED阵列(40)流动，LED阵列(40)包括一对或多对反并联LED对、一个或多个反并联LED串和/或一个或多个反并联LED矩阵。可以采用晶体管(T3)来改变来自LED阵列(40)的交变电流流动的方向或者改变通过LED阵列(40)的交变电流流动的方向。

Description

发光二极管驱动器
本发明一般涉及用于启动发光二极管(“LED”)阵列的驱动器。本发明具体地涉及由高频逆变器电路提供的交变电流供电的LED阵列，以及由可以切换来实现减光和切换功能的阻抗阵列控制的LED阵列。
LED是向其提供电流就能发光的半导体器件。LED本质上是直流(DC)器件，它只能传送一个极性的电流，并且历来由DC电压源驱动，利用电阻器来限制通过LED的电流。一些控制器以电流控制方式来启动器件，这种方式比电阻控制方式更简单和高效，并可通过脉冲宽度调制来提供”线性”光输出控制。但这种方法一次只能控制一个阵列而且很复杂。
如果LED连接成”反并联”配置，如专利WO98/02020和JP11/330561所述，那么，也可以利用AC电源来启动LED。这样的工作允许用简单的方法来控制LED阵列，不过是用低频AC线路来启动LED阵列。但是，这种方法采用大的元件并且不提供光输出的控制。
本发明将解决先有技术的这些问题。
本发明是发光二极管驱动器。本发明的许多方面是新颖的，非显而易见的，而且具有各种优点。虽然这里涉及的本发明的实际性质仅可参考所附权利要求书来确定，但在此简要说明能代表此文公开的实施例特征的一些特性。
本发明的一种形式是LED驱动器，它包括用于连接LED阵列的连接端子，逆变器和阻抗电路。LED阵列具有”反并联”配置。逆变器可以用来提供开关频率的交变电压。阻抗电路可以用来对交变电压作出响应而引导交变电流通过连接所述LED阵列的连接端子流动。一方面，阻抗电路包括电容器，而LED阵列包括与所述电容器串联的反并联LED对、反并联LED串和/或反并联LED矩阵。另一方面，晶体管并联到连接所述LED阵列的连接端子，所述晶体管可以用来控制(例如改变或使其转向)通过LED阵列的交变电流。
从以下结合附图对优选实施例的详细说明中，可以更清楚地了解本发明的上述形式以及其它形式、特征和优点。详细说明和附图仅是为了说明而非限制本发明，本发明的范围由所附权利要求书及其等效物所定义。
图1示出本发明的LED驱动器的方框图；
图2说明图1的LED驱动器的第一实施例，所述驱动器驱动按照本发明的LED阵列的第一实施例；
图3说明图1的LED驱动器，所述驱动器驱动按照本发明的LED阵列的第二实施例；
图4说明图1的LED驱动器的第二实施例，所述驱动器驱动按照本发明的LED阵列的第三实施例；
图5说明图1的LED驱动器的所述第二实施例，所述驱动器驱动按照本发明的LED阵列的第四实施例；
图6说明图1的LED驱动器的第三实施例，所述驱动器驱动按照本发明的LED阵列的第五实施例；
图7说明按照本发明的照明系统的第一实施例；以及
图8说明按照本发明的照明系统的第二实施例。
图1示出本发明的LED驱动器10，用于驱动LED阵列40。LED驱动器10包括高频(HF)逆变器20和阻抗电路30。对来自直流电压源VDC的直流电流IDC作出响应，HF逆变器20以开关频率(例如20kHz到100kHz)将交变电压VAC传送到阻抗电路30，阻抗电路30再将交变电流IAC传送到LED阵列40。HF逆变器20允许以一种简单而高效的方法来控制传送到LED阵列40的电流。HF逆变器20还允许来自直流电压源VDC的高效电流控制。HF逆变器20的形式包括但不限于电压馈电的半桥式、电流馈电的半桥式和电流馈电的推挽式。也可采用本领域的已知技术使用频率调制来控制输出电流，频率调制可以用来进一步改进本发明的调整过程。
图2说明本发明的LED驱动器10(图1)的第一实施例。HF逆变器20a包括用于控制半桥的半桥式控制器21，所述半桥由MOSFET形式的晶体管T1和T2组成。HF逆变器20a通常以交替反向方式激活或去激活晶体管T1和T2，以便在晶体管T1和T2之间产生DC脉冲电压(未示出)。DC脉冲电压被加到电容器C1的两端，产生加到阻抗电路30a上的电压方波(未示出)。
阻抗电路30a包括串联到电容器C1上的电感器L1和电容器C2。电感器L1和电容器C2通过连接端子401、402引导交变电流IAC通过连接到驱动器电路的LED阵列40a，LED阵列40a有发光二极管LED1和发光二极管LED2，二者反并联连接(即极性相反)。当交变电流IAC为正极性时，交变电流IAC流过发光二极管LED1。当交变电流IAC为负极性时，交变电流IAC流过发光二极管LED2。阻抗元件L1和C2与发光二极管LED1和发光二极管LED2连接成”串联谐振、串联加载”结构。在这种结构中，可以将环行电流减至最小且可以实现晶体管T1和T2的”零电压转换”，形成有效而简单的电路。
这种结构的另一优点是能够通过改变半桥的频率来改变通过LED的电流。在这种结构中，随着频率增加，通过LED的电流一般会减小，而随着频率降低，电流会增加。如果对半桥加上频率控制，就可实现LED的可变光输出。
图3示出驱动LED阵列40b的HF逆变器20a(图2)和阻抗电路30a(图2)，LED阵列40b具有连接成反并联结构的LED串，代替了单个的LED。当交变电流IAC为正极性时，交变电流IAC流过发光二极管LED1、发光二极管LED3和发光二极管LED5。当交变电流IAC为负极性时，交变电流IAC流过发光二极管LED2、发光二极管LED4和发光二极管LED6。在另外的实施例中，如果必要，LED串可以有串联LED的不同编号，并且也可连接成电气上等效的结构或”矩阵结构”等本专业的技术人员已知的结构。
图4示出LED驱动器10(图1)的第二实施例。阻抗电路30b包括与并联连接的电容器C2、电容器C3和电容器C4串联的电感器L1。阻抗电路30b引导交变电流IAC通过LED阵列40C。反并联连接的发光二极管LED1和发光二极管LED2与电容器C2串联。反并联连接的发光二极管LED3和发光二极管LED4与电容器C3串联。反并联连接的发光二极管LED5和发光二极管LED6与电容器C4串联。当交变电流IAC为正极性时，交变电流IAC的各分流部分流过发光二极管LED1、发光二极管LED3和发光二极管LED5。当交变电流IAC为负极性时，交变电流IAC的各分流部分流过发光二极管LED2、发光二极管LED4和发光二极管LED6。电容器C2、电容器C3和电容器C4的电容值相等，所以交变电流IAC在反并联的LED接法之间等量分流。
电容器C2、电容器C3和电容器C4可以是低成本小型表面安装型电容器，可以作为子组件直接安装到LED阵列40c上。用这种方式驱动LED对，这种驱动方案就具有以下优势：即，如果一个LED失效”断开”，就只有一对LED变暗，而不是像其它驱动方案那样一整串变暗。虽然示出由三对反并联连接的LED构成的LED阵列40c，但本专业技术人员可以看出图3所示的反并联连接的LED”串”也可用同样方式连接，也可具有任何数量的LED对/串/矩阵，以及相应数量的分流电容器。而且，如果在不同的LED对/串/矩阵中需要不同大小的电流，那么，通过选择具有与所需电流比成反比的不同电容量的电容器就可实现到这一点。
图5示出LED驱动器10(图1)的第三实施例。阻抗电路30c包括电感器L1，它与电容器C5串联，而电容器C5与并联连接的电容器C2、电容器C3和电容器C4串联。阻抗电路30c引导交变电流IAC通过由连接端子401、402连接的LED阵列40d。反并联连接的发光二极管LED1和发光二极管LED2与电容器C2串联。反并联连接的发光二极管LED3和发光二极管LED4与电容器C3串联。反并联连接的发光二极管LED5和发光二极管LED6与电容器C4串联。形式为晶体管T3的开关并联到反并联的LED接法。本专业的技术人员能理解，其它形式的开关也可取代晶体管T3。在所示实施例中，T3是LED驱动器的一部分。或者，也可将晶体管T3组合到LED阵列40d中。当交变电流IAC为正极性时，交变电流IAC的各分流部分流过发光二极管LED1、发光二极管LED3和发光二极管LED5。当交变电流IAC为负极性时，交变电流IAC的各分流部分流过发光二极管LED2、发光二极管LED4和发光二极管LED6。可以按比例分配电容器C2、电容器C3和电容器C4的电容值，以便将交变电流IAC按任何所需比例分配给各LED对。晶体管T3的工作用来将来自反并联LED接法的交变电流IAC转变方向，从而断开LED。该图中包括电容器C5，以便在晶体管T3导通或断开而所述电路仍然可以以仅由电容器C2、电容器C3和电容器C4构成的串联谐振电容工作时，将从半桥20a看去的有效阻抗的变化以及电流电平IAC的变化减至最小。也可以用图3所示的LED串或LED的矩阵连接来代替LED对。
虽然为了演示，在图中示出三个LED对和三个电容器，但是，对于本专业的技术人员来说，显然任何数量的LED对、LED串和/或LED矩阵都可以配以适当的电容器来使用，由半桥20a驱动并可用晶体管T3切换。
图6示出LED驱动器10(图1)的第四实施例。阻抗电路30c包括电感器L1，它与电容器C5串联，而电容器C5与并联连接的电容器C2、电容器C3、电容器C4和电容器C6串联。阻抗电路30d引导交变电流IAC通过LED阵列40d。反并联连接的发光二极管LED1和发光二极管LED2与电容器C2串联。反并联连接的发光二极管LED3和发光二极管LED4与电容器C3串联。反并联连接的发光二极管LED5和发光二极管LED6与电容器C4串联。晶体管T3与电容器C6串联。当交变电流IAC为正极性时，交变电流IAC的各分流部分流过发光二极管LED1、发光二极管LED3和发光二极管LED5。当交变电流IAC为负极性时，交变电流IAC的各分流部分流过发光二极管LED2、发光二极管LED4和发光二极管LED6。可以按比例分配电容器C2、电容器C3和电容器C4的电容值，以便将交变电流IAC按任何所需比例分配给各LED对。晶体管T3的工作是借助于转变通过电容器C6的电流方向而降低通过反并联LED接法的交变电流IAC各分流部分的安培电平。
可以用图3所示的LED串或LED的矩阵连接来代替LED对。
虽然为了演示，在图中示出三个LED对和三个电容器，但对本专业的技术人员来说，显然，可以使用具有适当电容器的任何数量的LED对、LED串或LED矩阵，所述LED对、LED串或LED矩阵由半桥20a驱动并且可以利用晶体管T3和适当的电容器来切换通过它们的电流幅度。
本专业的技术人员应理解，通过使用图5和图6所示开关方案的组合并通过使用如图6配置的多个开关和电容器，对于给定的LED阵列就可实现多种程度的照明。如果附加的电容器和开关配置成如图6的C6和T3，则可实现多种程度的照明。如果加上一个开关晶体管如图5的晶体管T3，还可加上接通/断开功能。
在另外的实施例中，如果在图5或图6的配置中是以”脉冲宽度调制”方式接通和断开晶体管T3的话，则还可以把”线性”减光控制应用到这些配置上。如果以这种方式接通和断开晶体管T3，光输出就可以线性控制，由晶体管T3的”全通”或”全断”确定最大和最小输出，其间的所有各种亮度电平则是晶体管T3导通时间的占空比的函数。
图7示出本发明照明系统的第一实施例，它组合了图5所示的通/断开关特征和图6所示的幅度控制特征。汽车后照明系统就是这种要求的应用实例。在汽车后照明系统中，通/断要求用于转向信号功能，而两种光输出电平用于尾灯和刹车灯功能。
HF逆变器20、阻抗电路30c和连接的LED阵列40c构成转向信号装置，如前结合图5所述的晶体管T3的工作便于LED阵列40c闪烁发光。HF逆变器20、阻抗电路30d和连接的LED阵列40d构成刹车信号装置，如前结合图6所述的晶体管T3的工作便于LED阵列40d的亮/暗交替发光。这样，单一的半桥驱动级就可用来分别控制两组LED，各有程度不同的照明。
虽然图7示出一个半桥使两组LED阵列工作，但本专业的技术人员应理解可以连接任何数量的不同结构的阵列，每个阵列通过附图和前述的控制方案独立工作。
图8示出本发明照明系统的第二实施例，它组合了图5所示的通/断开关特征和图6所示的幅度控制特征，可以用作汽车后照明系统。阻抗电路30e包括电感器L1，L1与容性阵列31a串联，而阵列31a由电容器C2、电容器C3、电容器C4和电容器C5构成，如对图5的说明所述。电感器L1还串联到容性阵列31b，阵列31b由电容器C2、电容器C3、电容器C4、电容器C5和电容器C6构成，如对图6的说明所述。HF逆变器20、阻抗电路30e和连接的LED阵列40c构成转向信号装置，如前结合图5所述的晶体管T3的工作便于LED阵列40c闪烁发光。HF逆变器20、阻抗电路30e和连接的LED阵列40d构成刹车信号装置，如前结合图5所述的晶体管T3的工作便于LED阵列40d的亮/暗交替发光。在此实施例中，只用单一的电感器L1，将控制电路的尺寸和成本减至最小。
在上述结合图1-8说明的本发明中，本专业的技术人员应理解，HF逆变器20及其实施例组合了体积小和高效率的优点。而且，阻抗电路30、LED阵列40及其实施例采用基于简单多阵列能力的可变频率的”线性”光输出控制。此外，LED阵列40d及其各种变型允许从单一驱动器进行多LED的”阶跃式”光输出和通/断开关控制。这种类型的控制在操作汽车上的行进/停止/转向信号或交通灯的停止/注意/前行信号都很有用。
虽然此处公开的本发明的实施例当前被认为是优选的，但也可作各种变化和修改，而不背离本发明的精神和范围。本发明的范围在所附权利要求书中表明，且在等效的意义和范围内所有改变应包括在权利要求书内。
对于上述详细说明的实施例的可供选择的方案是：LED阵列40可以是LED驱动器的一个组成部分。

Claims (8)

1.一种发光二极管驱动器，它包括
连接端子，用于连接具有反并联结构的发光二极管阵列(40)；
逆变器(20)，可以用来提供开关频率的交变电压；
阻抗电路(30)，可以用来对所述交变电压作出响应而引导交变电流通过所述发光二极管阵列的流动。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：用于连接所述发光二极管阵列(40)的所述连接端子连接开关(T3)，所述开关(T3)可以用来控制通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的交变电流的流动。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：
所述阻抗电路(30)包括第一电容器(C2)，所述第一电容器(C2)与所述用于连接发光二极管阵列(40)的连接端子串联；以及
所述发光二极管阵列(40)包括发光二极管对(40a)、一对发光二极管串(40b)或发光二极管矩阵。
4.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于：所述阻抗电路(30)还包括电感器(L1)，所述电感器(L1)串联在所述逆变器(20)和所述阻抗电路(30)之间。
5.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于：所述用于连接发光二极管阵列(40)的连接端子还连接开关(T3)，所述开关(T3)可以用来改变通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的交变电流的流动或者改变通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的交变电流的流动方向。
6.如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于：
所述阻抗电路(30)还包括第二电容器(C6)，所述第二电容器(C6)与所述第一电容器(C5)串联；以及
用于连接所述发光二极管阵列(40)的所述连接端子还包括开关(T3)，所述开关(T3)可以用来改变通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的交变电流的流动或者改变通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的交变电流的流动方向。
7.一种发光二极管驱动器，它包括：
发光二极管阵列(40)，它是发光二极管驱动器的一个组成部分，具有反并联结构；
用于提供交变电压的装置(20)；以及
用于对所述交变电压作出响应而控制通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的交变电流的流动的装置(30)。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于包括：
具有反并联结构的发光二极管阵列(40)；
逆变器(20)，可以用来通过交变电压；以及
阻抗电路(30)，可以用来对所述交变电压作出响应而引导交变电流通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的流动，
其中，所述发光二极管阵列(40)包括开关(T3)，所述开关(T3)可以用来控制通过所述发光二极管阵列(40)的所述交变电流的流动。
CN02826433A 2001-12-28 2002-12-20 发光二极管驱动器 Expired - Lifetime CN100586240C (zh)

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CX01 Expiry of patent term

Granted publication date: 20100127