CN1749266A - 依普利酮的合成方法 - Google Patents
依普利酮的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1749266A CN1749266A CN200510041015.3A CN200510041015A CN1749266A CN 1749266 A CN1749266 A CN 1749266A CN 200510041015 A CN200510041015 A CN 200510041015A CN 1749266 A CN1749266 A CN 1749266A
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- JUKPWJGBANNWMW-VWBFHTRKSA-N eplerenone Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@]2(C)C[C@H]3O[C@]33[C@@]4(C)CCC(=O)C=C4C[C@H]([C@@H]13)C(=O)OC)C[C@@]21CCC(=O)O1 JUKPWJGBANNWMW-VWBFHTRKSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229960001208 eplerenone Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002081 enamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 235000021438 curry Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- MWFMGBPGAXYFAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C#N MWFMGBPGAXYFAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 hydroxy ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- RNRIZSBEESLNCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethyl-2h-pyridine Chemical compound CN1CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 RNRIZSBEESLNCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DRUIESSIVFYOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroacetonitrile Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C#N DRUIESSIVFYOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WDSYFPPDMKLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M azanium benzyl(triethyl)azanium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].[OH-].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC WDSYFPPDMKLHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N metachloroperbenzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BYMHZVKNCWHDQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].P(=O)(Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound [P].P(=O)(Cl)(Cl)Cl BYMHZVKNCWHDQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
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- PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-ZVIOFETBSA-N Aldosterone Chemical compound C([C@@]1([C@@H](C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]1[C@@H]1CC2)C=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@]1(C)C2=CC(=O)CC1 PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-ZVIOFETBSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aldosterone Natural products C1CC2C3CCC(C(=O)CO)C3(C=O)CC(O)C2C2(C)C1=CC(=O)CC2 PQSUYGKTWSAVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960002478 aldosterone Drugs 0.000 description 6
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Landscapes
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
依普利酮的合成方法,先用11α-羟基咖哩酮与丙酮氰醇发生双Michael加成/Aldo缩合联串反应生成烯胺(8),后者部分水解生成中间体(5),将化合物(5)在碱性条件下开环至羟基酯11α,17α-二羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4-烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(9);化合物(9)消去反应生成烯酯,用三氯氧磷,然后室温反应12-24小时,用二氯甲烷溶剂提取,合并有机相,洗涤后干燥得到化合物(10),接着进行9α,11-双键选择性环氧化反应,水层再用二氯甲烷提取,合并有机相。依次用NaHSO3溶液、饱和Na2CO3溶液、稀盐酸以及饱和NaCl溶液洗涤后干燥;常压蒸馏浓缩,生成依普利酮。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及合成依普利酮的新方法,尤其是从11α-羟基咖哩酮经过多步化学反应合成依普利酮。
二、背景技术
醛固酮(1)是天然类皮质激素,它的分泌是受控于肾素-血管紧张素系统和血清中钾离子浓度。醛固酮能够促进钠离子的吸收和钾离子的排泄,调节体内电解质的组分。然而过多醛固酮的存在会导致心肌纤维化、左心室肥大、充血性心衰竭和特发性高血压等心血管疾病。研究发现:醛固酮的病理生理作用机制主要是通过与上皮组织(如肾脏)和非上皮组织(如心脏、血管和脑)内的盐皮质激素受体直接键合。因此尝试引入竞争性醛固酮受体拮抗剂,可以抑制醛固酮过多症。
结构式一
螺内酯安体舒通(2)能够有效抑制醛固酮诱发的心肌纤维化,降低充血性心肌衰竭病人病死率,一直用于临床治疗。但由于药物与体内雄性激素和孕激素受体具有很强的亲和力,长期服用会导致内分泌紊乱,出现女性月经不调和男性乳腺增生等不良症状。药物学家一直在寻找新一代选择性醛固酮受体拮抗剂,避免内分泌紊乱副作用。具有甾核9α,11-环氧结构化合物能够选择性作用于盐皮质激素受体,从而阻碍醛固酮与其结合。其中依普利酮(3)是一种具有7α-甲酯和9α,11-环氧结构的孕甾类化合物,用于治疗高血压和充血性心肌衰竭。
关于依普利酮的化学合成主要涉及甾体环上7α-羧酸甲酯的导入和9α,11-环氧结构的形成;以及化学官能团转换先后次序对官能团的兼容性。J.Grob最初从7α-氰基中间体4经过DIBAH部分还原、铬酸氧化以及重氮甲烷酯化反应形成7α-羧酸甲酯(J.Grob,J.Kalvoda US 4559332;J.Grob,M.Boillaz,J.Schmidlin,H.Wehrli etal Helv.Chim.Acta 1997,80,566)。后来J.S.Ng使用甲醇钠促进化合物5开环生成7α-羧酸甲酯(J.S.Ng,P.T.Wang,J.A.Baez WO 9721720;J.S.Ng,C.Liu,D.K.Anderson WO 9825948)。2004年P.G.M.Wuts实现在醋酸钯催化6进行烯丙位羰基化反应引入7α-甲酯官能团(P.G.M.Wuts US2004097475);同年,P.G.M.Wuts利用Lewis酸Sc(OTf)3促进的烯丙位烷基化反应,在甾核7α-引入甲基呋喃环合成化合物7,后者经过臭氧化开环反应生成羧酸后酯化形成7α-甲酯(P.G.M.Wuts US 2004087562)。
由于合成中间体4、5需要使用氰化氢或氰化钠试剂,而且实现从氰基化学转换至羧酸酯需要使用价格昂贵的DIBAH试剂:从中间体6、7出发的羰基化反应和臭氧化开环反应需要使用贵金属盐醋酸钯和臭氧、低温(-78℃)等条件。直接导致上述路线不具备明显大规模合成优势。因此,发展具有满足工业化规模合成依普利酮原料药的路线非常有必要。
结构式二
三、发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种合成依普利酮的合成方法,克服上述合成路线的局限性,能够满足工业化规模生产原料药的需要。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:9,11α-环氧-17α-羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4-烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(3,依普利酮)化学合成方法:首先以11α-羟基咖哩酮为原料与丙酮氰醇发生双Michael加成/Aldo缩合联串反应生成烯胺8,后者部分水解生成中间体十六氢-11’-羟基-10’,13’-二甲基-3’,5,20’-三氧代-(4’S,5’S,7’R,8’S,9’S,10’R,11’R,13’S,14’S,17’R)-螺[呋喃-2(3H),17’-[4,7]亚甲基[17H]环戊[a]菲]-5’(2’H)-腈(5),将48.0g化合物(5)在碱性条件下开环至羟基酯11α,17α-二羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4-烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(9);化合物(9)消去反应生成烯酯,用三氯氧磷,然后室温反应12-24小时,用二氯甲烷溶剂提取,合并有机相,依次用稀盐酸、饱和Na2CO3溶液和水洗涤后干燥,蒸去溶剂得到固体17α-羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4,9(11)-二烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(化合物或烯酯10),化合物(10)接着进行9α,11-双键选择性环氧化反应,磷酸氢二钾、三氯乙氰和18.0mL30%双氧水,维持8℃,恒温反应24小时,分出有机相。水层再用3×75mL二氯甲烷提取,合并有机相。依次用NaHSO3溶液、饱和Na2CO3溶液、稀盐酸以及饱和NaCl溶液洗涤后干燥。常压蒸馏浓缩,生成依普利酮。
反应路线一
上述合成路线中所述11α-羟基咖哩酮与丙酮氰醇发生双Michael加成/Aldo缩合联串反应所用的催化剂是季铵碱R3R1N+OH-,其中R,R1可以相同,也可以不同;R为烷基碳链C1-C4及其异构体,R1为苄基或烷基碳链C1-C4及其异构体。季铵碱的用量为底物11α-羟基咖哩酮的0.5当量至4当量。反应温度为0℃至100℃,尤其是从室温至60℃。季铵碱可以是四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵和苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵。
上述合成路线中所述烯胺8酸性水解反应采用催化剂为等当量至十当量1.0N至6.0N盐酸水溶液;采用极性质子溶剂:乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇及丁醇。反应时间为0.5小时至10小时。反应温度为0℃至溶剂回流温度。
上述合成路线中所述产物二酮5开环反应采用碱性条件。碱为甲醇钠;溶剂为无水甲醇,溶剂用量为底物二酮质量的20至40倍。反应温度为0℃至溶剂回流温度,尤其是从室温至60℃。反应时间为0.5小时至20小时。
上述合成路线中所述羟基酯9消去反应采用一步法,不同于文献报道先形成甲磺酸酯或对甲苯磺酸酯,然后乙酸钠或甲酸钾促进下消去生成双键。一步法步骤采用磷试剂诸如三氯化磷、五氯化磷和三氯氧磷;有机碱为吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶和1,3,5-三甲基吡啶;其中磷试剂用量为底物羟基酯的1当量至4当量,而有机碱用量是底物的1当量至10当量。反应溶剂为乙醚、四氢呋喃及二氯甲烷。反应时间为0.5小时至10小时;反应温度为-10℃至溶剂回流温度,尤其是从室温至60℃。
上述合成路线中所述烯酯10的环氧化反应中使用过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢和间氯过氧苯甲酸为氧化剂。采用的碱为无机盐磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾和磷酸氢钙。反应温度为-10℃至10℃;反应时间为0.5小时至48小时。
四、具体实施方式
1、十六氢-11’-羟基-10’,13’-二甲基-3’,5,20’-三氧代-(4’S,5’S,7’R,8’S,9’S,10’R,11’R,13’S,14’S,17’R)-螺[呋喃-2(3H),17’-[4,7]亚甲基[17H]环戊[a]菲]-5’(2’H)-腈(5)的合成:
称取80.0g原料11α-咖哩酮加入到盛有240.0mL DMF三颈瓶中,室温搅拌使其溶解;然后依次加入61.8mL丙酮氰醇和季胺碱80.0mL25%四甲基氢氧化铵,在50℃下反应10小时。反应混合液倒入冰水中,放置析出固体烯胺8。过滤、洗涤后晾干。
将上述固体烯胺8加入到盛有400.0mL乙醇和400.0mL 1N盐酸的圆底烧瓶中,升温至回流反应5小时,冷却后结晶。过滤、干燥得到固体产物化合物(5)53.6g,两步产率60%。mp>300℃;1H NMR 3.77(s,1H),3.77-3.73(m,1H),2.69-2.53(m,3H),2.41(d,1H,J=11.8Hz),2.37-2.19(m,5H),2.10-2.01(m,1H),1.95-1.75(m,5H),1.66-1.63(m,1H),1.54(dd,1H,JI=11.8Hz,J2=4.0Hz),1.40(s,3H),1.35-1.25(m,4H),0.87(s,3H)。
实施例:如上述实验步骤:在底物11α-咖哩酮、丙酮氰醇和溶剂用量相同的情况下,使用其他季胺碱诸如130.0mL25%四乙基氢氧化铵水溶液、180.0mL25%四丙基氢氧化铵、228.0mL25%四丁基氢氧化铵或147.0mL25%苄基三甲基氢氧化铵等对烯胺8产率影响不显著,但结构不同的季胺碱用量有所变化。
实施例:采用丙醇、异丙醇或丁醇与乙醇溶剂无明显区别,但回流温度不同,反应时间为0.5小时产率低,时间长至10小时效率低;反应温度无明显要求,可以在室温条件下反应,升温时不超过溶剂回流温度的70-100℃。
2、11α,17α-二羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4-烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(9)的合成:
将48.0g化合物5加入到盛有1000.0ml无水甲醇三颈瓶中,氮气氛下慢慢滴加甲醇钠溶液(5.0g钠与100.0mL甲醇反应配制),升温至回流反应20小时。往反应体系中滴加160.0mL4N盐酸中和(HCN在此时放出,要有尾气吸收装置)。然后常压蒸除甲醇,残留液用500.0mL二氯甲烷溶解后,依次用水、饱和Na2CO3溶液,饱和NaCl溶液洗涤后干燥。常压浓缩后加入乙醚,析出晶体30.0g,产率58.0%。mp:235-237℃;1H NMR 5.69(s,1H),4.04(s,1H),3.65(s,3H),2.81-2.77(m,2H),2.66-2.22(m,8H),2.01-1.71(m,9H),1.46-1.36(m,5H),1.01(s,3H)。
3、17α-羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4,9(11)-二烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(10)的合成:
将30.0g化合物9加入到盛有90.0mL吡啶的圆底烧瓶中,0℃下分批加入10.0mL三氯氧磷,然后室温反应24小时。反应混合物倒入冰水中,然后用3×200mL二氯甲烷提取,合并有机相。依次用稀盐酸、饱和Na2CO3溶液和水洗涤后干燥。常压蒸去溶剂二氯甲烷,用二氯甲烷/甲苯结晶得到固体17.0g,产率为60%。mp:204-206℃;1H NMR 5.72(s,1H),5.67-5.64(m,1H),3.59(s,3H),2.99-2.97(m,1H),2.81-2.79(m,1H),2.60-2.47(m,6H),2.34-2.17(m,5H),1.97-1.84(m,4H),1.51-1.47(m,2H),1.40(s,3H),0.96(s,3H)。
另一实施例:如上述实验步骤:底物9用量相同时,使用90.0mL2,6-二甲基吡啶和15.0g五氯化磷室温下反应24小时,经过二氯甲烷提取,洗涤后处理后,得到13.0g相同产物17α-羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4,9(11)-二烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯。
Claims (7)
1、依普利酮的合成方法,其特征是先用11α-羟基咖哩酮与丙酮氰醇发生双Michael加成/Aldo缩合联串反应生成烯胺8,后者部分水解生成中间体十六氢-11’-羟基-10’,13’-二甲基-3’,5,20’-三氧代-(4’S,5’S,7’R,8’S,9’S,10’R,11’R,13’S,14’S,17’R)-螺[呋喃-2(3H),17’-[4,7]亚甲基[17H]环戊[a]菲]-5’(2’H)-腈(5),将48.0g化合物(5)在碱性条件下开环至羟基酯11α,17α-二羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4-烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(9);化合物(9)消去反应生成烯酯,用三氯氧磷,然后室温反应12-24小时,用二氯甲烷溶剂提取,合并有机相,依次用稀盐酸、饱和Na2CO3溶液和水洗涤后干燥,蒸去溶剂得到固体17α-羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4,9(11)-二烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯(化合物或烯酯10),化合物(10)接着进行9α,11-双键选择性环氧化反应,磷酸氢二钾、三氯乙氰和双氧水,维持在5-10℃,恒温反应10-24小时,分出有机相。水层再用二氯甲烷提取,合并有机相。依次用NaHSO3溶液、饱和Na2CO3溶液、稀盐酸以及饱和NaCl溶液洗涤后干燥;常压蒸馏浓缩,生成9,11α-环氧-17α-羟基-3-氧代-γ-内酯-孕甾-4-烯-7α,21-二羧酸甲酯。
2、由权利要求1所述的依普利酮的合成方法,其特征是合成方法中所述11α-羟基咖哩酮与丙酮氰醇发生双Michael加成/Aldo缩合联串反应所用的催化剂是季铵碱R3R1N+OH-,其中R,R1可以相同;R为烷基碳链C1-C4及其异构体,R1为苄基或烷基碳链C1-C4及其异构体;季铵碱的用量为底物11α-羟基咖哩酮的0.5当量至4当量;反应温度为0℃至100℃。
3、由权利要求1所述的依普利酮的合成方法,其特征是合成方法中所述烯胺(8)酸性水解反应采用催化剂为等当量至十当量1.0N至6.0N盐酸水溶液;采用极性质子溶剂:乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇或丁醇;反应时间为0.5小时至10小时;反应温度为0℃至溶剂回流温度。
4、由权利要求1所述的依普利酮的合成方法,其特征是合成方法中所述二酮(3)开环反应采用碱性条件;碱为甲醇钠;溶剂为无水甲醇,溶剂用量为底物二酮质量的20至40倍;反应温度为0℃至溶剂回流温度;反应时间为0.5小时至20小时。
5、由权利要求1所述的依普利酮的合成方法,其特征是合成方法中所述羟基酯(9)消去反应采用一步法,即采用三氯化磷、五氯化磷或三氯氧磷磷试剂;有机碱为吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶或1,3,5-三甲基吡啶;其中磷试剂用量为底物羟基酯的1当量至4当量,而有机碱用量是底物的1当量至10当量;反应溶剂为乙醚、四氢呋喃或二氯甲烷;反应时间为0.5小时至10小时;反应温度为-10℃至溶剂回流温度。
6、由权利要求1所述的依普利酮的合成方法,其特征是合成方法中所述烯酯(10)的环氧化反应中使用过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢和间氯过氧苯甲酸为氧化剂;采用的碱为无机盐磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾和磷酸氢钙;反应温度为-10℃至10℃;反应时间为0.5小时至48小时。
7、由权利要求2所述的依普利酮的合成方法,其特征是季铵碱是四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵或苄基三乙基氢氧化铵。
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CN102276684A (zh) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 依普利酮的制备方法及其中间体 |
CN102276684B (zh) * | 2010-06-08 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 依普利酮的制备方法及其中间体 |
CN102370653A (zh) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-14 | 天津金耀集团有限公司 | 依普利酮在制备治疗肺部纤维化药物中的应用 |
CN102370653B (zh) * | 2010-08-18 | 2013-07-03 | 天津金耀集团有限公司 | 依普利酮在制备治疗肺部纤维化药物中的应用 |
CN104262450A (zh) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 江苏嘉逸医药有限公司 | 依普利酮的制备及精制方法 |
CN106365962A (zh) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-02-01 | 华东师范大学 | 1,3-二羟基-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-2-酮的合成方法 |
CN106365962B (zh) * | 2015-07-23 | 2019-04-26 | 华东师范大学 | 1,3-二羟基-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-2-酮的合成方法 |
CN108129536A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-06-08 | 江西赣亮医药原料有限公司 | 一种地塞米松中间体的制备方法 |
CN107892708A (zh) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-10 | 浙江仙居君业药业有限公司 | 17α羟基‑17β腈基‑甾体化合物的合成方法 |
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